1
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Bastide M, Gam-Derouich S, Lacroix JC. Long-Range Plasmon-Induced Anisotropic Growth of an Organic Semiconductor between Isotropic Gold Nanoparticles. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:4253-4259. [PMID: 35503742 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plasmon-induced diazonium reduction was used to graft an organic semiconductor, namely oligo(bisthienylbenzene) (BTB), onto square arrays of gold nanoparticles (NPs) of various diameters. Grafting was evidenced by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements by the extinction spectra of the localized surface plasmon resonance, as well as by Raman and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopies. We show that BTB is selectively deposited around the NPs. The thickness of the layer increases with increasing irradiation time and reaches a limit which depends on the size of the NPs with the thicker organic layers being generated for smaller NPs. Under polarized irradiation, BTB growth is strongly anisotropic. Starting from arrays with square gratings and spherical NPs, long-range plasmon-induced anisotropic growth makes it possible to generate in the direction of the polarized light, lines, columns, or lines and columns of NPs connected by an organic semiconductor. These results demonstrate that the growth is due to hot electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Bastide
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS-UMR 7086, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Sarra Gam-Derouich
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS-UMR 7086, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Lacroix
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS-UMR 7086, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
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2
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El-Said WA, Qaisi RM, Placide V, Choi JW. A stable naked-eye colorimetric sensor for monitoring release of extracellular gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmitter from SH-SY5Y cells. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 267:120517. [PMID: 34739892 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A novel optical γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-based sensor was developed on interacting thiol compounds and o-phthalaldehyde (OPA) to form thiacetal compounds. Then, the thiacetal interacts with the GABA molecule to form an isoindole compound. The effects of four thiol compounds on the stability of the resulting isoindole compound were assessed. The 2-mercaptoethanol, "one of the most used derivatizing agents," is unexpectedly the least stable; while, 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid resulted in the most durable isoindole compound. The developed sensor showed the capability for detecting GABA within a wide concentration range spanning from 500 nmol L-1 to 100 µmol L-1. The detection limit was about 330 nmol L-1, which indicated the high sensitivity of the developed sensor compared with those previously reported. The findings illustrated the ability to detect GABA at the physiological pH (pH = 7.4) without adjusting the pH value, opening the door for real applications. Furthermore, the sensor could detect various GABA concentrations in human serum with good recovery percentages (98% to 101.4%). In addition, this assay was applied to monitor GABA release from the SH-SY5Y cell line to convert glutamate into GABA. This result indicates the capability of the proposed assay for visually monitoring the release of GABA neurotransmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed A El-Said
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, P.O. Box 80327, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-Ro, Mapo-Gu, Seoul 121-742, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
| | - Ramy M Qaisi
- University of Jeddah, College of Engineering, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, P.O. Box 80327, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Virginie Placide
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-Ro, Mapo-Gu, Seoul 121-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Woo Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-Ro, Mapo-Gu, Seoul 121-742, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Wu R, Jin Q, Storey C, Collins J, Gomard G, Lemmer U, Canham L, Kling R, Kaplan A. Gold nanoplasmonic particles in tunable porous silicon 3D scaffolds for ultra-low concentration detection by SERS. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2021; 6:781-790. [PMID: 34355229 DOI: 10.1039/d1nh00228g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A composite material of plasmonic nanoparticles embedded in a scaffold of nano-porous silicon offers unmatched capabilities for use as a SERS substrate. The marriage of these components presents an exclusive combination of tightly focused amplification of Localised Surface Plasmon (LSP) fields inside the material with an extremely high surface-to-volume ratio. This provides favourable conditions for a single molecule or extremely low concentration detection by SERS. In this work the advantage of the composite is demonstrated by SERS detection of Methylene Blue at a concentration as low as a few picomolars. We systematically investigate the plasmonic properties of the material by imaging its morphology, establishing its composition and the effect on the LSP resonance optical spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rihan Wu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Qihao Jin
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Catherine Storey
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Jack Collins
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Guillaume Gomard
- Carl Zeiss AG, ZEISS Innovation Hub@KIT, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 6, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Uli Lemmer
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Leigh Canham
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Rainer Kling
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andrey Kaplan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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4
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Cao T, Cen M. Fundamentals and Applications of Chalcogenide Phase‐Change Material Photonics. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.201900094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tun Cao
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation ScienceDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Mengjia Cen
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation ScienceDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
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5
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Hamajima S, Mitomo H, Tani T, Matsuo Y, Niikura K, Naya M, Ijiro K. Nanoscale uniformity in the active tuning of a plasmonic array by polymer gel volume change. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:1731-1739. [PMID: 36134230 PMCID: PMC9418027 DOI: 10.1039/c8na00404h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Active plasmonic tuning is an attractive but challenging research subject, leading to various promising applications. As one of the approaches, nanostructures are placed in or on soft matter, such as elastomers and gels, and their gap distances are tuned by the mechanical extension or volume change of the supporting matrices. As hydrogels possess various types of stimuli-responsiveness with large volume change and biocompatibility, they are good candidates as supporting materials for active nanostructure tuning. However, it remains unclear how accurately we can control their nanogap distance changes using polymer gels with a low deviation due to major difficulties in the precise observation of nanostructures on the gels. Here, we prepared gold arrays with sub-100 nm dots on silicon substrates by electron beam lithography and transferred them onto the hydrogel surface. Then, their nanopattern was actively tuned by the changes in gel size in water and their structural changes were confirmed by optical microscopy, microspectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Further, we successfully prepared ionic liquid (IL) gels with various degrees of swelling via solvent exchange. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation of the IL gels provided clear pictures at nanoscale resolution. Finally, we calculated the plasmonic spectra using a finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulation based on the SEM images and compared them with the measured spectra. The results in this study totally support the notion that active changes in plasmonic nanodot patterns via volume changes in the hydrogel are quite homogenous on a several nanometer scale, making them ideal for precise active surface plasmon tuning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Hamajima
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-Ku Sapporo 060-8628 Japan
| | - Hideyuki Mitomo
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-Ku Sapporo 001-0021 Japan
- Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University Kita 21, Nishi 11, Kita-Ku Sapporo 001-0021 Japan
| | - Takeharu Tani
- FUJIFILM Corporation Ushijima, Kaisei-Machi, Ashigarakami-gun Kanagawa 258-8577 Japan
| | - Yasutaka Matsuo
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-Ku Sapporo 001-0021 Japan
| | - Kenichi Niikura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Fundamental Engineering, Nippon Institute of Technology Miyashiro Saitama 345-8501 Japan
| | - Masayuki Naya
- FUJIFILM Corporation Ushijima, Kaisei-Machi, Ashigarakami-gun Kanagawa 258-8577 Japan
| | - Kuniharu Ijiro
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-Ku Sapporo 001-0021 Japan
- Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University Kita 21, Nishi 11, Kita-Ku Sapporo 001-0021 Japan
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7
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Lacroix JC, Martin P, Lacaze PC. Tailored Surfaces/Assemblies for Molecular Plasmonics and Plasmonic Molecular Electronics. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2017; 10:201-224. [PMID: 28375704 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061516-045325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Molecular plasmonics uses and explores molecule-plasmon interactions on metal nanostructures for spectroscopic, nanophotonic, and nanoelectronic devices. This review focuses on tailored surfaces/assemblies for molecular plasmonics and describes active molecular plasmonic devices in which functional molecules and polymers change their structural, electrical, and/or optical properties in response to external stimuli and that can dynamically tune the plasmonic properties. We also explore an emerging research field combining molecular plasmonics and molecular electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pascal Martin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Paris Diderot, ITODYS, Paris 75205, France;
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8
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Abstract
In this review, we survey recent advances in the field of molecular plasmonics beyond the traditional sensing modality. Molecular plasmonics is explored in the context of the complex interaction between plasmon resonances and molecules and the ability of molecules to support plasmons self-consistently. First, spectroscopic changes induced by the interaction between molecular and plasmonic resonances are discussed, followed by examples of how tuning molecular properties leads to active molecular plasmonic systems. Next, the role of the position and polarizability of a molecular adsorbate on surface-enhanced Raman scattering signals is examined experimentally and theoretically. Finally, we introduce recent research focused on using molecules as plasmonic materials. Each of these examples is intended to highlight the role of molecules as integral components in coupled molecule-plasmon systems, as well as to show the diversity of applications in molecular plasmonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122;
| | - Katherine A Willets
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122;
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9
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Ledin PA, Jeon JW, Geldmeier JA, Ponder JF, Mahmoud MA, El-Sayed M, Reynolds JR, Tsukruk VV. Design of Hybrid Electrochromic Materials with Large Electrical Modulation of Plasmonic Resonances. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:13064-13075. [PMID: 27145297 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b02953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We present a rational approach to fabricating plasmonically active hybrid polymer-metal nanomaterials with electrochemical tunability of the localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) of noble metal nanostructures embedded in an electroactive polymer matrix. The key requirement for being able to significantly modulate the LSPR band position is a close overlap between the refractive index change [Δn(λ)] of a stimuli-responsive polymeric matrix and the intrinsic LSPR bands. For this purpose, gold nanorods with a controlled aspect ratio, synthesized to provide high refractive index sensitivity while maintaining good oxidative stability, were combined with a solution-processable electroactive and electrochromic polymer (ECP): alkoxy-substituted poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) [PProDOT(CH2OEtHx)2]. Spectral characteristics of the ECP, in particular the Δn(λ) variation, were evaluated as the material was switched between oxidized and reduced states. We fabricated ultrathin plasmonic electrochromic hybrid films consisting of gold nanorods and ECP that exhibited a large, stable, and reversible LSPR modulation of up to 25-30 nm with an applied electrical potential. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations confirm a good match between the experimentally measured refractive index change in the ECP and the plasmonic response during electrochemical modulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr A Ledin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Ju-Won Jeon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Geldmeier
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - James F Ponder
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, and Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Mahmoud A Mahmoud
- Laser Dynamics Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Mostafa El-Sayed
- Laser Dynamics Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - John R Reynolds
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, and Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Vladimir V Tsukruk
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
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10
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Xu T, Walter EC, Agrawal A, Bohn C, Velmurugan J, Zhu W, Lezec HJ, Talin AA. High-contrast and fast electrochromic switching enabled by plasmonics. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10479. [PMID: 26814453 PMCID: PMC4737852 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
With vibrant colours and simple, room-temperature processing methods, electrochromic polymers have attracted attention as active materials for flexible, low-power-consuming devices. However, slow switching speeds in devices realized to date, as well as the complexity of having to combine several distinct polymers to achieve a full-colour gamut, have limited electrochromic materials to niche applications. Here we achieve fast, high-contrast electrochromic switching by significantly enhancing the interaction of light—propagating as deep-subwavelength-confined surface plasmon polaritons through arrays of metallic nanoslits, with an electrochromic polymer—present as an ultra-thin coating on the slit sidewalls. The switchable configuration retains the short temporal charge-diffusion characteristics of thin electrochromic films, while maintaining the high optical contrast associated with thicker electrochromic coatings. We further demonstrate that by controlling the pitch of the nanoslit arrays, it is possible to achieve a full-colour response with high contrast and fast switching speeds, while relying on just one electrochromic polymer. Slow switching speeds in device configurations have severely limited the applications of electrochromic materials. Here, Xu et al. use plasmonic nanoslit arrays and demonstrate fast, high-contrast, monochromatic and full-colour electrochromic switching using two different electrochromic polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China.,Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA.,Maryland Nanocenter, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Erich C Walter
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA.,Maryland Nanocenter, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Amit Agrawal
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA.,Maryland Nanocenter, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Christopher Bohn
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Jeyavel Velmurugan
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA.,Maryland Nanocenter, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Wenqi Zhu
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA.,Maryland Nanocenter, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Henri J Lezec
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - A Alec Talin
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA.,Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551, USA
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11
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Tiu BDB, Pernites RB, Foster EL, Advincula RC. Conducting polymer–gold co-patterned surfaces via nanosphere lithography. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 459:86-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Nguyen VQ, Schaming D, Martin P, Lacroix JC. Large-area plasmonic electrodes and active plasmonic devices generated by electrochemical processes. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.02.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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13
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Baba A, Imazu K, Yoshida A, Tanaka D, Tamada K. Surface plasmon resonance properties of silver nanoparticle 2D sheets on metal gratings. SPRINGERPLUS 2014; 3:284. [PMID: 24944880 PMCID: PMC4059854 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Grating-coupled propagating surface plasmons associated with silver-nanoparticle 2D crystalline sheets exhibit sensitive plasmonic resonance tuning. Multilayered silver-nanoparticle 2D crystalline sheets are fabricated on gold or silver grating surfaces by the Langmuir- Blodgett method. We show that the deposition of Ag crystalline nanosheets on Au or Ag grating surfaces causes a drastic change in propagating surface plasmon resonance (SPR) both in angle measurements at fixed wavelengths and in fixed incident-angle mode by irradiation of white light. The dielectric constant of the multilayered silver nanosheet is estimated by a rigorous coupled-wave analysis. We find that the dielectric constant drastically increases as the number of silver-nanosheet layers increases. The experimentally obtained SP dispersions of Ag crystalline nanosheets on Au and Ag gratings are compared with the calculated SP dispersion curves. The drastic change in the surface plasmon resonance caused by the deposition of Ag-nanoparticle 2D crystalline sheets on metal grating surfaces suggests the potential for applications in highly sensitive sensors or for plasmonic devices requiring greatly enhanced electric fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Baba
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi 2-nocho, Nishi-ku, Niigata, 950-2181 Japan
| | - Keisuke Imazu
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581 Japan
| | - Akihito Yoshida
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581 Japan
| | - Daisuke Tanaka
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581 Japan
| | - Kaoru Tamada
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581 Japan
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14
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Olson J, Swanglap P, Chang WS, Khatua S, Solis D, Link S. Detailed mechanism for the orthogonal polarization switching of gold nanorod plasmons. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 15:4195-204. [PMID: 23258430 DOI: 10.1039/c2cp43966b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we describe an electro-optic material capable of orthogonally switching the polarization of the localized surface plasmon resonance scattering of single gold nanorods, independent of their orientation. Liquid crystal samples are prepared in a sandwich configuration with electrodes arranged so that an applied voltage induces alignment-switching of the liquid crystal molecules covering individual gold nanorods. Due to the birefringence of the nematic liquid crystal, the reorientation in the nematic director alignment causes a change in the output polarization of the scattered light. We propose the underlying mechanism to be based on a homogeneous nematic to twisted nematic phase transition and provide support for it via Jones calculus by modelling the effect of ideally aligned homogeneous nematic and twisted nematic phases on polarized light transmitted through the sample. In the model, we include the effects of sample thickness and surface plasmon resonance wavelength, expressed in terms of the phase retardation, χ, on the observed output polarization. We find four distinctively different trends for the output polarization as a function of the incident polarization as χ is varied. Two of these cases provide reproducible orthogonal polarization switching of the surface plasmon resonance while maintaining a high degree of polarization. These results are verified experimentally with liquid crystal cells of different thicknesses. The deviation of the experimental samples from ideal behaviour can be explained by the inherent variations in the surface plasmon resonance maximum and local cell thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Olson
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
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15
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Chang WS, Lassiter JB, Swanglap P, Sobhani H, Khatua S, Nordlander P, Halas NJ, Link S. A plasmonic Fano switch. NANO LETTERS 2012; 12:4977-82. [PMID: 22924610 DOI: 10.1021/nl302610v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic clusters can support Fano resonances, where the line shape characteristics are controlled by cluster geometry. Here we show that clusters with a hemicircular central disk surrounded by a circular ring of closely spaced, coupled nanodisks yield Fano-like and non-Fano-like spectra for orthogonal incident polarization orientations. When this structure is incorporated into an uniquely broadband, liquid crystal device geometry, the entire Fano resonance spectrum can be switched on and off in a voltage-dependent manner. A reversible transition between the Fano-like and non-Fano-like spectra is induced by relatively low (∼6 V) applied voltages, resulting in a complete on/off switching of the transparency window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Shun Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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16
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Gold nanoparticle/charged silsesquioxane films immobilized onto Al/SiO2 surface applied on the electrooxidation of nitrite. J Solid State Electrochem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-012-1782-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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17
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Nakamoto K, Kurita R, Niwa O. Electrochemical Surface Plasmon Resonance Measurement Based on Gold Nanohole Array Fabricated by Nanoimprinting Technique. Anal Chem 2012; 84:3187-91. [DOI: 10.1021/ac203160r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Nakamoto
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba
305-8566, Japan
- Institute
of Materials Science, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8573,
Japan
| | - Ryoji Kurita
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba
305-8566, Japan
| | - Osamu Niwa
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba
305-8566, Japan
- Institute
of Materials Science, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8573,
Japan
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18
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Hermes JP, Sander F, Peterle T, Urbani R, Pfohl T, Thompson D, Mayor M. Gold Nanoparticles Stabilized by Thioether Dendrimers. Chemistry 2011; 17:13473-81. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201101837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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19
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Khatua S, Chang WS, Swanglap P, Olson J, Link S. Active modulation of nanorod plasmons. NANO LETTERS 2011; 11:3797-3802. [PMID: 21861468 DOI: 10.1021/nl201876r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Confining visible light to nanoscale dimensions has become possible with surface plasmons. Many plasmonic elements have already been realized. Nanorods, for example, function as efficient optical antennas. However, active control of the plasmonic response remains a roadblock for building optical analogues of electronic circuits. We present a new approach to modulate the polarized scattering intensities of individual gold nanorods by 100% using liquid crystals with applied voltages as low as 4 V. This novel effect is based on the transition from a homogeneous to a twisted nematic phase of the liquid crystal covering the nanorods. With our method it will be possible to actively control optical antennas as well as other plasmonic elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumyakanti Khatua
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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Agrawal A, Susut C, Stafford G, Bertocci U, McMorran B, Lezec HJ, Talin AA. An integrated electrochromic nanoplasmonic optical switch. NANO LETTERS 2011; 11:2774-2778. [PMID: 21612218 DOI: 10.1021/nl201064x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an electrochemically driven optical switch based on absorption modulation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) propagating in a metallic nanoslit waveguide containing nanocrystals of electrochromic Prussian Blue dye. Optical transmission modulation of ∼96% is achieved by electrochemically switching the dye between its oxidized and reduced states using voltages below 1 V. High spatial overlap and long interaction length between the SPP and the active material are achieved by preferential growth of PB nanocrystals on the nanoslit sidewalls. The resulting orthogonalization between the directions of light propagation and that of charge transport from the electrolyte to ultrathin active material inside the nanoslit waveguide offers significant promise for the realization of electrochromic devices with record switching speeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Agrawal
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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21
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Zheng YB, Kiraly B, Cheunkar S, Huang TJ, Weiss PS. Incident-angle-modulated molecular plasmonic switches: a case of weak exciton-plasmon coupling. NANO LETTERS 2011; 11:2061-2065. [PMID: 21500786 DOI: 10.1021/nl200524b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We have designed an angularly tunable plasmonic system that consists of Au nanodisks in combination with molecules of photoswitchable resonance, spiropyran, to gain new insights into weak exciton-plasmon couplings. In the weak exciton-plasmon coupling regime, switching molecular resonance can induce localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) peak shifts due to the change in the refractive index of the molecular materials. On the basis of the angle-resolved spectroscopic study of the nanodisk-spiropyran system both with and without UV irradiation, we reveal an unusual "zigzag" curve for the LSPR peak shifts (due to the photoswitching of the molecular resonance) as a function of the original LSPR peak wavelength. A further theoretical analysis attributes the "zigzag" curve to two significant competing effects that depend on the incident angle of the probe light: plasmon-enhanced molecular resonance absorption and LSPR sensitivity to the surroundings' refractive index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Bing Zheng
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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22
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Gehan H, Mangeney C, Aubard J, Lévi G, Hohenau A, Krenn JR, Lacaze E, Félidj N. Design and Optical Properties of Active Polymer-Coated Plasmonic Nanostructures. J Phys Chem Lett 2011; 2:926-31. [PMID: 26295630 DOI: 10.1021/jz200272r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The grafting of stimuli-responsive polymer brushes on plasmonic structures provides a perfectly controlled two-dimensional active device with optical properties that can be modified through external stimuli. Herein, we demonstrate thermally induced modifications of the plasmonic response of lithographic gold nanoparticles functionalized by thermosensitive polymer brushes of (poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), PNIPAM). Optical modifications result from refractive local index changes due to a phase transition from a hydrophilic state (swollen regime) to a hydrophobic state (collapsed regime) of the polymer chains occurring in a very small range of temperatures. The refractive index of the polymer in aqueous solution is estimated in both states, deduced from the discrete dipole approximation (DDA) method. The combination of lithographic gold NPs and thermoresponsive polymer chains leads to a new generation of perfectly calibrated and dynamically controlled hybrid gold/polymer system for real-time nanosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Gehan
- †Laboratoire ITODYS, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS UMR 7086, 15 rue Jean de Baïf, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Claire Mangeney
- †Laboratoire ITODYS, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS UMR 7086, 15 rue Jean de Baïf, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Jean Aubard
- †Laboratoire ITODYS, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS UMR 7086, 15 rue Jean de Baïf, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Georges Lévi
- †Laboratoire ITODYS, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS UMR 7086, 15 rue Jean de Baïf, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Andreas Hohenau
- ‡Institute of Physics, Karl Franzens University, Universitatsplatz 5, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Joachim R Krenn
- ‡Institute of Physics, Karl Franzens University, Universitatsplatz 5, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Emmanuelle Lacaze
- §Laboratoire INSP, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 5 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Nordin Félidj
- †Laboratoire ITODYS, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS UMR 7086, 15 rue Jean de Baïf, 75013 Paris, France
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23
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Hermes JP, Sander F, Peterle T, Cioffi C, Ringler P, Pfohl T, Mayor M. Direct control of the spatial arrangement of gold nanoparticles in organic-inorganic hybrid superstructures. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2011; 7:920-929. [PMID: 21394907 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201002101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The directed assembly of gold nanoparticles is essential for their use in many kinds of applications, such as electronic devices, biological labels, and sensors. Herein an atomic alteration in the molecular structure of ligand-stabilized gold nanoparticles that can shift the interparticle distance up to 1 nm upon covalent coupling to organic-inorganic superstructures is presented. Gold nanoparticles are stabilized by two octadentate thioether ligands and have a mean diameter of 1.1 nm. The ligands contain a central rigid rod varying in length and terminally functionalized with a protected acetylene. The two peripheral functional groups on each particle enable the directed assembly of nanoparticles to dimers, trimers, and tetramers by oxidative acetylene coupling. This is a wet chemical protocol resulting in covalently bound nanoparticles. These organic-inorganic hybrid superstructures are analyzed by transmission electron microscopy, small angle X-ray scattering, and UV/vis spectroscopy. The focus of the comparison here is the subunit, which is anchoring the bridgehead, either a pyridine or benzene moiety. The pyridine-based ligands reflect the calculated length of the rigid-rod spacer in their interparticle distances in the obtained hybrid structures. This suggests a perpendicular arrangement that results from the coordination of the pyridine's lone pair to the gold surface. An atomic variation in the ligand's center leads to smaller interparticle distances in the case of hybrid structures obtained from benzene ligands. This large difference in the spatial arrangement suggests a tangential arrangement of the interparticle bridging structure in the latter case. Consequently a rather flat arrangement parallel to the particle surface must be assumed for the central benzene unit of the benzene-based ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens P Hermes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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24
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Dombi P, Irvine SE, Rácz P, Lenner M, Kroó N, Farkas G, Mitrofanov A, Baltuška A, Fuji T, Krausz F, Elezzabi AY. Observation of few-cycle, strong-field phenomena in surface plasmon fields. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:24206-12. [PMID: 21164766 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.024206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We present experimental evidence of the generation of few-cycle propagating surface plasmon polariton wavepackets. These ultrashort plasmonic pulses comprised of only 2-3 field oscillations were characterized by an autocorrelation measurement based on electron photoemission. By exploiting plasmonic field enhancement, we achieved plasmon-induced tunnelling emission from the metal surface at low laser intensity, opening perspectives for strong-field experiments with low pulse energies. All-optical electron acceleration up to keV kinetic energy is also demonstrated in these surface-confined, few-cycle fields with only 1.35×10(12) W/cm2 focused laser intensity. The experimental results are found to be in excellent agreement with the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dombi
- Research Institute for Solid-State Physics and Optics, Konkoly-Thege M. út 29-33, 1121 Budapest, Hungary.
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25
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Berrier A, Ulbricht R, Bonn M, Rivas JG. Ultrafast active control of localized surface plasmon resonances in silicon bowtie antennas. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:23226-23235. [PMID: 21164664 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.023226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Localized surface plasmon polaritons (LSPPs) provide an efficient means of achieving extreme light concentration. In recent years, their active control has become a major aspiration of plasmonic research. Here, we demonstrate direct control of semiconductor bowtie antennas, enabling active excitation of LSPPs, at terahertz (THz) frequencies. We modify the LSPPs by ultrafast optical modulation of the free carrier density in the plasmonic structure itself, allowing for active control of the semiconductor antennas on picosecond timescales. Moreover, this control enables the manipulation of the field intensity enhancements in ranges of four orders of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Berrier
- FOM Institute AMOLF Centre for Nanophotonics, HTC4, 5656AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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26
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Zheng YB, Juluri BK, Lin Jensen L, Ahmed D, Lu M, Jensen L, Huang TJ. Dynamic tuning of plasmon-exciton coupling in arrays of nanodisk-J-aggregate complexes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:3603-3607. [PMID: 20665562 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201000251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Bing Zheng
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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27
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Stockhausen V, Martin P, Ghilane J, Leroux Y, Randriamahazaka H, Grand J, Felidj N, Lacroix JC. Giant Plasmon Resonance Shift Using Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Electrochemical Switching. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:10224-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ja103337d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Verena Stockhausen
- Interfaces, Traitements, Organisation et Dynamique des Systèmes, Université Paris 7-Denis Diderot, UMR CNRS 7086, 15 rue Jean Antoine de Baïf, 75205 Paris cedex 13, France
| | - Pascal Martin
- Interfaces, Traitements, Organisation et Dynamique des Systèmes, Université Paris 7-Denis Diderot, UMR CNRS 7086, 15 rue Jean Antoine de Baïf, 75205 Paris cedex 13, France
| | - Jalal Ghilane
- Interfaces, Traitements, Organisation et Dynamique des Systèmes, Université Paris 7-Denis Diderot, UMR CNRS 7086, 15 rue Jean Antoine de Baïf, 75205 Paris cedex 13, France
| | - Yann Leroux
- Interfaces, Traitements, Organisation et Dynamique des Systèmes, Université Paris 7-Denis Diderot, UMR CNRS 7086, 15 rue Jean Antoine de Baïf, 75205 Paris cedex 13, France
| | - Hyacinthe Randriamahazaka
- Interfaces, Traitements, Organisation et Dynamique des Systèmes, Université Paris 7-Denis Diderot, UMR CNRS 7086, 15 rue Jean Antoine de Baïf, 75205 Paris cedex 13, France
| | - Johan Grand
- Interfaces, Traitements, Organisation et Dynamique des Systèmes, Université Paris 7-Denis Diderot, UMR CNRS 7086, 15 rue Jean Antoine de Baïf, 75205 Paris cedex 13, France
| | - Nordin Felidj
- Interfaces, Traitements, Organisation et Dynamique des Systèmes, Université Paris 7-Denis Diderot, UMR CNRS 7086, 15 rue Jean Antoine de Baïf, 75205 Paris cedex 13, France
| | - Jean Christophe Lacroix
- Interfaces, Traitements, Organisation et Dynamique des Systèmes, Université Paris 7-Denis Diderot, UMR CNRS 7086, 15 rue Jean Antoine de Baïf, 75205 Paris cedex 13, France
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28
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Santos L, Martin P, Ghilane J, Lacaze PC, Randriamahazaka H, Abrantes LM, Lacroix JC. Electrosynthesis of well-organized nanoporous poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) by nanosphere lithography. Electrochem commun 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2010.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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29
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Haryono M, Kalisz M, Sibille R, Lescouëzec R, Fave C, Trippe-Allard G, Li Y, Seuleiman M, Rousselière H, Balkhy AM, Lacroix JC, Journaux Y. One dimensional assembly of Mn₆ single molecule magnets linked by oligothiophene bridges. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:4751-6. [PMID: 20422079 DOI: 10.1039/c0dt00043d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new 1D coordination polymer comprised of [Mn(III)(6)O(2)(Et-sao)(6)(EtOH)(4)(H(2)O)(2)](2+) units and bithiophene dicarboxylato was synthesized by mixing EtsaoH(2) (salicylaldoxime), H(2)btda (2,2'-bithiophene-5,5'-dicarboxylic acid) and Mn(ClO(4))(2)·6H(2)O in the presence of NEt(4)OH. The crystal structure was determined and consists of Mn(6) clusters bridged by the bithiophene dicarboxylato ligands coordinated to two of the Mn(III) ions of the Mn(6) polynuclear complex. Direct current magnetic measurements show an overall ferromagnetic interaction between the Mn(III) ions within the Mn(6) cluster leading to an S = 12 ground state for the Mn(6) unit. Furthermore, this compound presents single-molecule magnet behaviour. Slow relaxation of the magnetization is observed at low temperature following a thermal activated regime with U(eff) approximately 50 K and tau(0) approximately 2.2 10(-10) s. The magnetic measurements do not show any noticeable interaction between the Mn(6) clusters through the bithiophene dicarboxylato bridges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Haryono
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UPMC Univ Paris 06, F-75252, Paris, France
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30
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Santos L, Ghilane J, Martin P, Lacaze PC, Randriamahazaka H, Lacroix JC. Host-guest complexation: a convenient route for the electroreduction of diazonium salts in aqueous media and the formation of composite materials. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:1690-8. [PMID: 20070078 DOI: 10.1021/ja9096187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical grafting of a water-insoluble diazonium salt in aqueous media onto an electrode surface was achieved by host-guest complexation. 1-(2-Bisthienyl)-4-aminobenzene (BTAB) was solubilized in a water/beta-cyclodextrin solution (beta-CD). The corresponding diazonium salt was generated in situ then electroreduced. This process leads to the attachment of bithiophene or short oligothiophene groups to the electrode surface. The modified surfaces were analyzed by cyclic voltammetry (CV), scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The electrochemical investigations show that the water-based modified surface is similar to one generated in acetonitrile without beta-CD. Thus, the attached organic layer behaves like an electrochemical switch (above some threshold potential, a soluble external probe is oxidized, but the oxidized form cannot be reduced). The modified surfaces consist of grafted bisthienylbenzene (BTB) and cyclodextrins that can be removed from the surface. This procedure may be considered as a new means of creating a surface made of submicrometric holes in an organic semiconducting layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Santos
- Interfaces, Traitements, Organisation et Dynamique des Systèmes, Université Paris 7-Denis Diderot, CNRS UMR 7086, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
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