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Sojoudi H, Kim S, Zhao H, Annavarapu RK, Mariappan D, Hart AJ, McKinley GH, Gleason KK. Stable Wettability Control of Nanoporous Microstructures by iCVD Coating of Carbon Nanotubes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:43287-43299. [PMID: 29131948 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b13713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Scalable manufacturing of structured materials with engineered nanoporosity is critical for applications in energy storage devices (i.e., batteries and supercapacitors) and in the wettability control of surfaces (i.e., superhydrophobic and superomniphobic surfaces). Patterns formed in arrays of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VA-CNTs) have been extensively studied for these applications. However, the as-deposited features are often undesirably altered upon liquid infiltration and evaporation because of capillarity-driven aggregation of low density CNT forests. Here, it is shown that an ultrathin, conformal, and low-surface-energy layer of poly perfluorodecyl acrylate, poly(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate) (pPFDA), makes the VA-CNTs robust against surface-tension-driven aggregation and densification. This single vapor-deposition step allows the fidelity of the as-deposited VA-CNT patterns to be retained during wet processing, such as inking, and subsequent drying. It is demonstrated how to establish omniphobicity or liquid infiltration by controlling the surface morphology. Retaining a crust of entangled CNTs and pPFDA aggregates on top of the patterned VA-CNTs produces micropillars with re-entrant features that prevent the infiltration of low-surface-tension liquids and thus gives rise to stable omniphobicity. Plasma treatments before and after polymer deposition remove the crust of entangled CNTs and pPFDA aggregates and attach hydroxyl groups to the CNT tips, enabling liquid infiltration yet preventing densification of the highly porous CNTs. The latter observation demonstrates the protective character of the pPFDA coating with the potential application of these surfaces for direct contact printing of microelectronic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Sojoudi
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering (MIME), The University of Toledo , 4006 Nitschke Hall, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Sanha Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hangbo Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Rama Kishore Annavarapu
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering (MIME), The University of Toledo , 4006 Nitschke Hall, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Dhanushkodi Mariappan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - A John Hart
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Gareth H McKinley
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Karen K Gleason
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Wang M, Wang X, Moni P, Liu A, Kim DH, Jo WJ, Sojoudi H, Gleason KK. CVD Polymers for Devices and Device Fabrication. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1604606. [PMID: 28032923 PMCID: PMC7161753 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201604606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) polymerization directly synthesizes organic thin films on a substrate from vapor phase reactants. Dielectric, semiconducting, electrically conducting, and ionically conducting CVD polymers have all been readily integrated into devices. The absence of solvent in the CVD process enables the growth of high-purity layers and avoids the potential of dewetting phenomena, which lead to pinhole defects. By limiting contaminants and defects, ultrathin (<10 nm) CVD polymeric device layers have been fabricated in multiple laboratories. The CVD method is particularly suitable for synthesizing insoluble conductive polymers, layers with high densities of organic functional groups, and robust crosslinked networks. Additionally, CVD polymers are prized for the ability to conformally cover rough surfaces, like those of paper and textile substrates, as well as the complex geometries of micro- and nanostructured devices. By employing low processing temperatures, CVD polymerization avoids damaging substrates and underlying device layers. This report discusses the mechanisms of the major CVD polymerization techniques and the recent progress of their applications in devices and device fabrication, with emphasis on initiated CVD (iCVD) and oxidative CVD (oCVD) polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Wang
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AvenueCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Xiaoxue Wang
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AvenueCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Priya Moni
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AvenueCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Andong Liu
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AvenueCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Do Han Kim
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AvenueCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Won Jun Jo
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AvenueCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Hossein Sojoudi
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AvenueCambridgeMA02139USA
- Department of MechanicalIndustrial & Manufacturing EngineeringThe University of ToledoToledoOhio43606USA
| | - Karen K. Gleason
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AvenueCambridgeMA02139USA
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Liu T, Chen S, Liu H. Oil Adsorption and Reuse Performance of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.01.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Strain-engineered manufacturing of freeform carbon nanotube microstructures. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4512. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Rakov EG. Materials made of carbon nanotubes. The carbon nanotube forest. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2013. [DOI: 10.1070/rc2013v082n06abeh004340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Gui X, Zeng Z, Lin Z, Gan Q, Xiang R, Zhu Y, Cao A, Tang Z. Magnetic and highly recyclable macroporous carbon nanotubes for spilled oil sorption and separation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:5845-50. [PMID: 23721652 DOI: 10.1021/am4015007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Development of sorbent materials with high selectivity and sorption capacity, easy collection and recyclability is demanding for spilled oil recovery. Although many sorption materials have been proposed, a systematic study on how they can be reused and possible performance degradation during regeneration remains absent. Here we report magnetic carbon nanotube sponges (Me-CNT sponge), which are porous structures consisting of interconnected CNTs with rich Fe encapsulation. The Me-CNT sponges show high mass sorption capacity for diesel oil reached 56 g/g, corresponding to a volume sorption capacity of 99%. The sponges are mechanically strong and oil can be squeezed out by compression. They can be recycled using through reclamation by magnetic force and desorption by simple heat treatment. The Me-CNT sponges maintain original structure, high capacity, and selectivity after 1000 sorption and reclamation cycles. Our results suggest that practical application of CNT macrostructures in the field of spilled oil recovery is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuchun Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
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De Volder M, Hart AJ. Synthese von hierarchischen Nanostrukturen durch elastokapillare Selbstorganisation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201205944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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De Volder M, Hart AJ. Engineering Hierarchical Nanostructures by Elastocapillary Self-Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:2412-25. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201205944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Chen J, Gui X, Wang Z, Li Z, Xiang R, Wang K, Wu D, Xia X, Zhou Y, Wang Q, Tang Z, Chen L. Superlow thermal conductivity 3D carbon nanotube network for thermoelectric applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2012; 4:81-6. [PMID: 22132803 DOI: 10.1021/am201330f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Electrical and thermal transportation properties of a novel structured 3D CNT network have been systematically investigated. The 3D CNT net work maintains extremely low thermal conductivity of only 0.035 W/(m K) in standard atmosphere at room temperature, which is among the lowest compared with other reported CNT macrostructures. Its electrical transportation could be adjusted through a convenient gas-fuming doping process. By potassium (K) doping, the original p-type CNT network converted to n-type, whereas iodine (I(2)) doping enhanced its electrical conductivity. The self-sustainable homogeneous network structure of as-fabricated 3D CNT network made it a promising candidate as the template for polymer composition. By in situ nanoscaled composition of 3D CNT network with polyaniline (PANI), the thermoelectric performance of PANI was significantly improved, while the self-sustainable and flexible structure of the 3D CNT network has been retained. It is hoped that as-fabricated 3D CNT network will contribute to the development of low-cost organic thermoelectric area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jikun Chen
- CAS Key laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Science, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, PR China
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Joshi RK, Schneider JJ. Assembly of one dimensional inorganic nanostructures into functional 2D and 3D architectures. Synthesis, arrangement and functionality. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:5285-312. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35089k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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De Volder MFL, Tawfick S, Park SJ, Hart AJ. Corrugated carbon nanotube microstructures with geometrically tunable compliance. ACS NANO 2011; 5:7310-7317. [PMID: 21800907 DOI: 10.1021/nn202156q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Deterministic organization of nanostructures into microscale geometries is essential for the development of materials with novel mechanical, optical, and surface properties. We demonstrate scalable fabrication of 3D corrugated carbon nanotube (CNT) microstructures, via an iterative sequence of vertically aligned CNT growth and capillary self-assembly. Vertical microbellows and tilted microcantilevers are created over large areas, and these structures can have thin walls with aspect ratios exceeding 100:1. We show these structures can be used as out-of-plane microsprings with compliance determined by the wall thickness and number of folds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël F L De Volder
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
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Qu J, Zhao Z, Wang X, Qiu J. Tailoring of three-dimensional carbon nanotube architectures by coupling capillarity-induced assembly with multiple CVD growth. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm03326j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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De Volder M, Tawfick SH, Park SJ, Copic D, Zhao Z, Lu W, Hart AJ. Diverse 3D microarchitectures made by capillary forming of carbon nanotubes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:4384-9. [PMID: 20814919 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201001893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A new technology called capillary forming enables transformation of vertically aligned nanoscale filaments into complex three-dimensional microarchitectures. We demonstrate capillary forming of carbon nanotubes into diverse forms having intricate bends, twists, and multidirectional textures. In addition to their novel geometries, these structures have mechanical stiffness exceeding that of microfabrication polymers, and can be used as masters for replica molding
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael De Volder
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Noguchi D, Tanaka H, Fujimori T, Kagita H, Hattori Y, Honda H, Urita K, Utsumi S, Wang ZM, Ohba T, Kanoh H, Hata K, Kaneko K. Selective D2 adsorption enhanced by the quantum sieving effect on entangled single-wall carbon nanotubes. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2010; 22:334207. [PMID: 21386497 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/22/33/334207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The quantum sieving effect of D(2) over H(2) is examined at 40 and 77 K by means of experiments and GCMC simulations, for two types of single-wall carbon nanotubes that are distinguishable by their unique entangled structures; (1) a well-bundled SWCNT and (2) loosely-assembled SWCNT produced by the super growth method (SG-SWCNT). Oxidized SWCNT samples of which the so-called internal sites are accessible for H(2) and D(2), are also studied. Experimental H(2) and D(2) adsorption properties on the well-bundled SWCNTs are compared with the simulated ones, revealing that pore-blocking and restricted diffusion of the molecules suppress the high selectivity of D(2) over H(2). The non-oxidized SG-SWCNT assembly shows the highest selectivity among the SWCNT samples, both at 40 and 77 K. The high selectivity of the SG-SWCNT assembly, which is pronounced even at 77 K, is ascribed to their unique assembly structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Noguchi
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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