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Park SC, Steffan BN, Yun Lim F, Gupta R, Ayaloglu Butun F, Chen H, Ye R, Decker T, Wu CC, Kelleher NL, Woo Bok J, Keller NP. Terpenoid balance in Aspergillus nidulans unveiled by heterologous squalene synthase expression. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk7416. [PMID: 38381828 PMCID: PMC10881027 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk7416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Filamentous fungi produce numerous uncharacterized natural products (NPs) that are often challenging to characterize because of cryptic expression in laboratory conditions. Previously, we have successfully isolated novel NPs by expressing fungal artificial chromosomes (FACs) from a variety of fungal species into Aspergillus nidulans. Here, we demonstrate a twist to FAC utility wherein heterologous expression of a Pseudogymnoascus destructans FAC in A. nidulans altered endogenous terpene biosynthetic pathways. In contrast to wild type, the FAC transformant produced increased levels of squalene and aspernidine type compounds, including three new nidulenes (1- 2, and 5), and lost nearly all ability to synthesize the major A. nidulans characteristic terpene, austinol. Deletion of a squalene synthase gene in the FAC restored wild-type chemical profiles. The altered squalene to farnesyl pyrophosphate ratio leading to synthesis of nidulenes and aspernidines at the expense of farnesyl pyrophosphate-derived austinols provides unexpected insight into routes of terpene synthesis in fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Chul Park
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Breanne N. Steffan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Fang Yun Lim
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Raveena Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Rosa Ye
- Intact Genomics Inc., St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | - Neil L. Kelleher
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Jin Woo Bok
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nancy P. Keller
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Park SC, Steffan BN, Lim FY, Gupta R, Butun FA, Chen H, Ye R, Decker T, Wu CC, Kelleher NL, Bok JW, Keller NP. Terpenoid balance in Aspergillus nidulans unveiled by heterologous squalene synthase expression. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.20.563295. [PMID: 37905136 PMCID: PMC10614972 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.20.563295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Filamentous fungi produce numerous uncharacterized natural products (NPs) that are often challenging to characterize due to cryptic expression in laboratory conditions. Previously, we have successfully isolated novel NPs by expressing fungal artificial chromosomes (FACs) from a variety of fungal species into Aspergillus nidulans. Here, we demonstrate a new twist to FAC utility wherein heterologous expression of a Pseudogymnoascus destructans FAC in A. nidulans altered endogenous terpene biosynthetic pathways. In contrast to wildtype, the FAC transformant produced increased levels of squalene and aspernidine type compounds, including three new nidulenes (1-2, 5), and lost nearly all ability to synthesize the major A. nidulans characteristic terpene, austinol. Deletion of a squalene synthase gene in the FAC restored wildtype chemical profiles. The altered squalene to farnesyl pyrophosphate ratio leading to synthesis of nidulenes and aspernidines at the expense of farnesyl pyrophosphate derived austinols provides unexpected insight into routes of terpene synthesis in fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Chul Park
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Breanne N. Steffan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Fang Yun Lim
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle WA
| | - Raveena Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, IL
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jin Woo Bok
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Nancy P. Keller
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI
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Kodama A, Matsumoto K, Shinada T, Goto SG. Juvenile hormone identification in the cabbage bug Eurydema rugosa. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2023; 113:293-298. [PMID: 36883785 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485321000158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile hormone (JH) plays a pivotal role in almost every aspect of insect development and reproduction. The chemical structure of the JH in heteropteran species has long remained elusive until methyl (2R,3S,10R)-2,3;10,11-bisepoxyfarnesoate, commonly named as juvenile hormone III skipped bisepoxide (JHSB3), was isolated from Plautia stali (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Recently, several groups reported the presence of JHSB3 in other heteropteran species. However, most of the studies paid no attention to the determination of the relative and absolute structure of the JH. In this study, we investigated the JH of the cabbage bug Eurydema rugosa (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), known as a pest for wild and cultivated crucifers. JHSB3 was detected in the hexane extract from the corpus allatum (CA) product using a chiral ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS/MS) which can inform the absolute stereochemistry of the JH. Its stereoisomers were not detected. Topical application of the synthetic JHSB3 to the last instar nymphs inhibited their metamorphosis and induced nymphal-type colouration of the dorsal abdomen in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, the topical application of JHSB3 effectively terminated summer and winter diapauses in females. These results indicate that the JH of E. rugosa is JHSB3. Although individuals in summer and winter diapauses are physiologically distinct in E. rugosa, the results suggest that the physiological differences between these diapauses are based, not on the responsiveness to JH, but on the processes governing activation of the CA or on its upstream cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Kodama
- Department of Biology and Geosciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiji Matsumoto
- Department of Biology and Geosciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Shinada
- Department of Material Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shin G Goto
- Department of Biology and Geosciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
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An Efficient Solid-Phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Method for the Analysis of Methyl Farnesoate Released in Growth Medium by Daphnia pulex. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238591. [PMID: 36500684 PMCID: PMC9736775 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Methyl farnesoate (MF), a juvenile hormone, can influence phenotypic traits and stimulates male production in daphnids. MF is produced endogenously in response to stressful conditions, but it is not known whether this hormone can also be released into the environment to mediate stress signaling. In the present study, for the first time, a reliable solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) method was developed and validated for the ultra-trace analysis of MF released in growth medium by Daphnia pulex maintained in presence of crowding w/o MK801, a putative upstream inhibitor of MF endogenous production. Two different clonal lineages, I and S clones, which differ in the sensitivity to the stimuli leading to male production, were also compared. A detection limit of 1.3 ng/L was achieved, along with good precision and trueness, thus enabling the quantitation of MF at ultra-trace level. The achieved results demonstrated the release of MF by both clones at the 20 ng/L level in control conditions, whereas a significant decrease in the presence of crowding was assessed. As expected, a further reduction was obtained in the presence of MK801. These findings strengthen the link between environmental stimuli and the MF signaling pathway. Daphnia pulex, by releasing the juvenile hormone MF in the medium, could regulate population dynamics by means of an autoregulatory feedback loop that controls the intra- and extra-individual-level release of MF produced by endogenous biosynthesis.
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Aslani S, Armstrong DW. High Information Spectroscopic Detection Techniques for Gas Chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1676:463255. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Tu S, Tuo P, Xu D, Wang Z, Wang M, Xie X, Zhu D. Molecular Characterization of the Cytochrome P450 Epoxidase ( CYP15) in the Swimming Crab Portunus trituberculatus and Its Putative Roles in Methyl Farnesoate Metabolism. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2022; 242:75-86. [PMID: 35580030 DOI: 10.1086/719047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
CYP15, which encodes a microsomal cytochrome P450 enzyme, could be involved in juvenile hormone biosynthesis in insects. In this study, a full-length cDNA of CYP15 was cloned from the swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus. This PtCYP15 amino acid sequence contains six conserved domains, which is a typical feature of the cytochrome P450 family. Phylogenetic tree analysis results showed that PtCYP15 clusters in a single branch of crustacean species, suggesting that CYP15 may be more widely present in crustaceans. The PtCYP15 mRNA has a broad pattern of tissue expression in P. trituberculatus, including high levels of expression in the hepatopancreas of both sexes and in the ovary of female crabs. During ovarian development stages, PtCYP15 mRNA is highly expressed in stages I and II and less so in stages III and IV in the hepatopancreas and the ovary of the female crabs. These expression profiles are opposite those of methyl farnesoate in hemolymph, suggesting that PtCYP15 might be involved in methyl farnesoate metabolism. In vitro studies show that only methyl farnesoate upregulated vitellogenin expression in the hepatopancreas, suggesting that methyl farnesoate might be the equivalent of juvenile hormone III in crustaceans. Methyl farnesoate treatment increased levels of PtCYP15 in explants of the hepatopancreas and ovary, while juvenile hormone III treatment reduced levels of PtCYP15 mRNA in ovary explants, suggesting that PtCYP15 might be involved in degrading methyl farnesoate. Furthermore, PtCYP15 mRNA expression levels were inhibited by adding juvenile hormone III to ovary explants. These findings provide foundational information for future research on methyl farnesoate metabolism in crustaceans.
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Matsumoto K, Kotaki T, Numata H, Shinada T, Goto SG. Juvenile hormone III skipped bisepoxide is widespread in true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:202242. [PMID: 33972884 PMCID: PMC8074663 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.202242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile hormone (JH) plays important roles in almost every aspect of insect development and reproduction. JHs are a group of acyclic sesquiterpenoids, and their farnesol backbone has been chemically modified to generate a homologous series of hormones in some insect lineages. JH III (methyl farnesoate, 10,11-epoxide) is the most common JH in insects, but Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) and 'higher' Diptera (suborder: Brachycera; flies) have developed their own unique JHs. Although JH was first proposed in the hemipteran suborder Heteroptera (true bugs), the chemical identity of the heteropteran JH was only recently determined. Furthermore, recent studies revealed the presence of a novel JH, JH III skipped bisepoxide (JHSB3), in some heteropterans, but its taxonomic distribution remains largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated JHSB3 production in 31 heteropteran species, covering almost all heteropteran lineages, through ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. We found that all of the focal species produced JHSB3, indicating that JHSB3 is widespread in heteropteran bugs and the evolutionary occurrence of JHSB3 ascends to the common ancestor of Heteroptera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Matsumoto
- Department of Biology and Geosciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Toyomi Kotaki
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hideharu Numata
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Shinada
- Department of Material Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shin G. Goto
- Department of Biology and Geosciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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Aurori CM, Giurgiu A, Conlon BH, Kastally C, Dezmirean DS, Routtu J, Aurori A. Juvenile hormone pathway in honey bee larvae: A source of possible signal molecules for the reproductive behavior of Varroa destructor. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:1057-1068. [PMID: 33520186 PMCID: PMC7820148 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The parasitic mite Varroa destructor devastates honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies around the world. Entering a brood cell shortly before capping, the Varroa mother feeds on the honey bee larvae. The hormones 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and juvenile hormone (JH), acquired from the host, have been considered to play a key role in initiating Varroa's reproductive cycle. This study focuses on differential expression of the genes involved in the biosynthesis of JH and ecdysone at six time points during the first 30 hr after cell capping in both drone and worker larvae of A. mellifera. This time frame, covering the conclusion of the honey bee brood cell invasion and the start of Varroa's ovogenesis, is critical to the successful initiation of a reproductive cycle. Our findings support a later activation of the ecdysteroid cascade in honey bee drones compared to worker larvae, which could account for the increased egg production of Varroa in A. mellifera drone cells. The JH pathway was generally downregulated confirming its activity is antagonistic to the ecdysteroid pathway during the larva development. Nevertheless, the genes involved in JH synthesis revealed an increased expression in drones. The upregulation of jhamt gene involved in methyl farnesoate (MF) synthesis came into attention since the MF is not only a precursor of JH but it is also an insect pheromone in its own right as well as JH-like hormone in Acari. This could indicate a possible kairomone effect of MF for attracting the mites into the drone brood cells, along with its potential involvement in ovogenesis after the cell capping, stimulating Varroa's initiation of egg laying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian M. Aurori
- Faculty of Animal Science and BiotechnologyUniversity of Agriculture Sciences and Veterinary MedicineCluj‐NapocaRomania
| | - Alexandru‐Ioan Giurgiu
- Faculty of Animal Science and BiotechnologyUniversity of Agriculture Sciences and Veterinary MedicineCluj‐NapocaRomania
| | - Benjamin H. Conlon
- Molecular EcologyInstitute of Biology/ZoologyMartin‐Luther‐University Halle‐WittenbergHalleGermany
- Section for Ecology and EvolutionDepartment of BiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Chedly Kastally
- Molecular EcologyInstitute of Biology/ZoologyMartin‐Luther‐University Halle‐WittenbergHalleGermany
- Department of Ecology and Genetics and Biocenter OuluUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
| | - Daniel S. Dezmirean
- Faculty of Animal Science and BiotechnologyUniversity of Agriculture Sciences and Veterinary MedicineCluj‐NapocaRomania
| | - Jarkko Routtu
- Molecular EcologyInstitute of Biology/ZoologyMartin‐Luther‐University Halle‐WittenbergHalleGermany
| | - Adriana Aurori
- Faculty of Animal Science and BiotechnologyUniversity of Agriculture Sciences and Veterinary MedicineCluj‐NapocaRomania
- Advanced Horticultural Research Institute of TransylvaniaUniversity of Agriculture Sciences and Veterinary MedicineCluj‐NapocaRomania
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9
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Ando Y, Matsumoto K, Misaki K, Mano G, Shiga S, Numata H, Kotaki T, Shinada T, Goto SG. Juvenile hormone III skipped bisepoxide, not its stereoisomers, as a juvenile hormone of the bean bug Riptortus pedestris. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 289:113394. [PMID: 31962126 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile hormone (JH) plays a pivotal role in many aspects of insect physiology. Although its presence was first reported in a blood-sucking bug belonging to the suborder Heteroptera (true bugs), JH species in the group has long been controversial. Although some recent studies proposed a putative JH molecular species in several Heteropteran species, it is not conclusive because physicochemical analyses were insufficient in most cases. Here, we studied this issue with an ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS/MS) equipped with C18 and chiral columns in the bean bug Riptortus pedestris (Heteroptera, Alydidae), in which the JH species has long been controversial. Although a recent study describes JHSB3 as the major JH of this species, that finding was not conclusive because its chirality has not been clarified. In the present study, we detected methyl (2R,3S,10R)-2,3;10,11-bisepoxyfarnesoate, commonly named juvenile hormone III skipped bisepoxide (JHSB3), in the culture media of the corpora cardiaca-corpus allatum (CC-CA) complex and in the hemolymph of this species by a chiral ultraperformance liquid chromatography- tandem mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS/MS). Other JHSB3 stereoisomers were not detected. Topical application of JHSB3 effectively averted diapause. These results indicate that JHSB3 is the major JH of R. pedestris. The present study further revealed that JHSB3 and its (2R,3S,10S) isomer are more potent than (2S,3R,10R) and (2S,3R,10S) isomers, which suggests that there is a significance to the configuration of the 2,3-epoxide moiety in JH action. We further found a supplemental significance to the configuration of the 10-position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Ando
- Department of Material Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Japan
| | - Keiji Matsumoto
- Department of Biology and Geosciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Japan
| | - Kumi Misaki
- Department of Material Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Japan
| | - Genyu Mano
- Department of Biology and Geosciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Japan
| | - Sakiko Shiga
- Department of Biology and Geosciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Japan; Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Hideharu Numata
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Toyomi Kotaki
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Shinada
- Department of Material Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Japan
| | - Shin G Goto
- Department of Biology and Geosciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Japan.
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10
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Conspecific and heterospecific pheromones stimulate dispersal of entomopathogenic nematodes during quiescence. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5738. [PMID: 32235877 PMCID: PMC7109026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62817-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ascaroside pheromones stimulate dispersal, a key nematode behavior to find a new food source. Ascarosides produced by entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) drive infective juvenile (IJ) emergence from consumed cadavers and dispersal in soil. Without ascarosides from host cadavers, Steinernema feltiae (EPN) reduce dispersal substantially. To determine whether other Steinernema spp. exhibit the same behavior, we compared S. feltiae and S. carpocapsae IJs without host cadaver pheromones. Unlike S. feltiae, S. carpocapsae IJs continued to disperse. However, S. carpocapsae IJs exhibited a temperature-dependent quiescent period. The IJ quiescent period increased at ≤20 °C but did not appear at ≥25 °C. Consistent with this, S. carpocapsae IJ quiescence increased from 30 min to 24 h at ≤20 °C over 60 days. The quiescent period was overcome by dispersal pheromone extracts of their own, other Steinernema spp. and Heterorhabditis spp. Furthermore, S. carpocapsae IJ ambush foraging associated behaviors (tail standing, waving, and jumping) were unaffected by the absence or presence of host cadaver pheromones. For S. feltiae, IJ dispersal declined at all temperatures tested. Understanding the interaction between foraging strategies and pheromone signals will help uncover molecular mechanisms of host seeking, pathogenicity and practical applications to improve the EPN’s efficacy as biocontrol agents.
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Liao C, Zheng M, Chen Y, Wang M, Li B. Immunosuppression mechanism of entomopathogenic bacteria against Galleria mellonella larvae. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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12
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Hopkins DH, Rane RV, Younus F, Coppin CW, Pandey G, Jackson CJ, Oakeshott JG. The molecular basis for the neofunctionalization of the juvenile hormone esterase duplication in Drosophila. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 106:10-18. [PMID: 30611903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Drosophila melanogaster enzymes juvenile hormone esterase (DmJHE) and its duplicate, DmJHEdup, present ideal examples for studying the structural changes involved in the neofunctionalization of enzyme duplicates. DmJHE is a hormone esterase with precise regulation and highly specific activity for its substrate, juvenile hormone. DmJHEdup is an odorant degrading esterase (ODE) responsible for processing various kairomones in antennae. Our phylogenetic analysis shows that the JHE lineage predates the hemi/holometabolan split and that several duplications of JHEs have been templates for the evolution of secreted β-esterases such as ODEs through the course of insect evolution. Our biochemical comparisons further show that DmJHE has sufficient substrate promiscuity and activity against odorant esters for a duplicate to evolve a general ODE function against a range of mid-long chain food esters, as is shown in DmJHEdup. This substrate range complements that of the only other general ODE known in this species, Esterase 6. Homology models of DmJHE and DmJHEdup enabled comparisons between each enzyme and the known structures of a lepidopteran JHE and Esterase 6. Both JHEs showed very similar active sites despite low sequence identity (30%). Both ODEs differed drastically from the JHEs and each other, explaining their complementary substrate ranges. A small number of amino acid changes are identified that may have been involved in the early stages of the neofunctionalization of DmJHEdup. Our results provide key insights into the process of neofunctionalization and the structural changes that can be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davis H Hopkins
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia; CSIRO Land and Water, Black Mountain, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia.
| | - Rahul V Rane
- CSIRO Land and Water, Black Mountain, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
| | - Faisal Younus
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia; CSIRO Land and Water, Black Mountain, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
| | - Chris W Coppin
- CSIRO Land and Water, Black Mountain, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
| | - Gunjan Pandey
- CSIRO Land and Water, Black Mountain, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
| | - Colin J Jackson
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
| | - John G Oakeshott
- CSIRO Land and Water, Black Mountain, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
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13
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Hyde CJ, Elizur A, Ventura T. The crustacean ecdysone cassette: A gatekeeper for molt and metamorphosis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 185:172-183. [PMID: 30157455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Arthropods have long been utilized as models to explore molecular function, and the findings derived from them can be applied throughout metazoa, including as a basis for medical research. This has led to the adoption of many representative insect models beyond Drosophila, as each lends its own unique perspective to questions in endocrinology and genetics. However, non-insect arthropods are yet to be realised for the potential insight they may provide in such studies. The Crustacea are among the most ancient arthropods from which insects descended, comprising a huge variety of life histories and ecological roles. Of the events in a typical crustacean development, metamorphosis is perhaps the most ubiquitous, challenging and highly studied. Despite this, our knowledge of the endocrinology which underpins metamorphosis is rudimentary at best; although several key molecules have been identified and studied in depth, the link between them is quite nebulous and leans heavily on well-explored insect models, which diverged from the Pancrustacea over 450 million years ago. As omics technologies become increasingly accessible, they bring the prospect of explorative molecular research which will allow us to uncover components and pathways unique to crustaceans. This review reconciles known components of crustacean metamorphosis and reflects on our findings in insects to outline a future search space, with focus given to the ecdysone cascade. To expand our knowledge of this ubiquitous endocrine system not only aids in our understanding of crustacean metamorphosis, but also provides a deeper insight into the adaptive capacity of arthropods throughout evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron J Hyde
- Genecology Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, 4 Locked Bag, Maroochydore, Queensland, 4558, Australia
| | - Abigail Elizur
- Genecology Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, 4 Locked Bag, Maroochydore, Queensland, 4558, Australia
| | - Tomer Ventura
- Genecology Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, 4 Locked Bag, Maroochydore, Queensland, 4558, Australia.
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14
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De Loof A, Schoofs L. Intraluminal Farnesol and Farnesal in the Mealworm's Alimentary Canal: An Unusual Storage Site Uncovering Hidden Eukaryote Ca 2+-Homeostasis-Dependent "Golgicrine" Activities. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:885. [PMID: 31920991 PMCID: PMC6930878 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Farnesol, the sesquiterpenoid precursor of the six presently known insect juvenile hormones (JHs) was for the first time chemically identified in 1961, not in JH synthesizing glands or whole body extracts, but in excrements of the mealworm Tenebrio molitor. This finding was thought to be irrelevant and remained unexplored. In 1970, it was reported that the fall to zero of the JH titer in both prediapausing adults and in last instar larvae of the Colorado potato beetle causes severe malfunctioning of the Golgi system in the fat body, among various other effects. This endomembrane system in the cytoplasm resides at the intersection of the secretory, lysosomal, and endocytic pathways and is required for the processing of secretory proteins. Why the Golgi needs farnesol-like endogenous sesquiterpenoids (FLS) for its proper functioning has also never been further investigated. In 1999, farnesol was found to be a natural endogenous ligand for particular types of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in mammalian cells, a finding that also remained undervalued. Only since 2014 more attention has been paid to the functional research of the "noble unknown" farnesol, in particular to its Ca2+-homeostasis-related juvenilizing and anti-apoptotic activities. Here, we introduce the term "Golgicrine activity" that addresses the secretory activity of the RER-Golgi system from its role in Ca2+-homeostasis rather than from its conventional role in mere protein secretion. Golgicrine activity attributes the so far forgotten role of farnesol-like sesquiterpenoids in proper Golgi functioning, and unites the endocrine, exocrine and enterocrine functions of these sesquiterpenoids. This out of the box view may open novel perspectives for the better understanding of particular inflammatory bowel diseases and of neurodegenerative diseases as well, because the early initiation of Alzheimer's disease may possibly result from malfunctioning of the mevalonate-farnesol-cholesterol biosynthetic pathway and thus might be a farnesol- and Ca2+-homeostasis-dependent Golgicrine issue.
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15
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Montes R, Rodil R, Neuparth T, Santos MM, Cela R, Quintana JB. A simple and sensitive approach to quantify methyl farnesoate in whole arthropods by matrix-solid phase dispersion and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1508:158-162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Kariithi HM, Yao X, Yu F, Teal PE, Verhoeven CP, Boucias DG. Responses of the Housefly, Musca domestica, to the Hytrosavirus Replication: Impacts on Host's Vitellogenesis and Immunity. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:583. [PMID: 28424677 PMCID: PMC5380684 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hytrosaviridae family members replicate in the salivary glands (SGs) of their adult dipteran hosts and are transmitted to uninfected hosts via saliva during feeding. Despite inducing similar gross symptoms (SG hypertrophy; SGH), hytrosaviruses (SGHVs) have distinct pathobiologies, including sex-ratio distortions in tsetse flies and refusal of infected housefly females to copulate. Via unknown mechanism(s), SGHV replication in other tissues results in reduced fecundity in tsetse flies and total shutdown of vitellogenesis and sterility in housefly females. We hypothesized that vitellogenesis shutdown was caused by virus-induced modulation of hormonal titers. Here, we used RNA-Seq to investigate virus-induced modulation of host genes/pathways in healthy and virus-infected houseflies, and we validated expression of modulated genes (n = 23) by RT-qPCR. We also evaluated the levels and activities of hemolymph AMPs, levels of endogenous sesquiterpenoids, and impacts of exogenous hormones on ovarian development in viremic females. Of the 973 housefly unigenes that were significantly modulated (padj ≤ 0.01, log2FC ≤ -2.0 or ≥ 2.0), 446 and 527 genes were downregulated and upregulated, respectively. While the most downregulated genes were related to reproduction (embryogenesis/oogenesis), the repertoire of upregulated genes was overrepresented by genes related to non-self recognition, ubiquitin-protease system, cytoskeletal traffic, cellular proliferation, development and movement, and snRNA processing. Overall, the virus, Musca domestica salivary gland hytrosavirus (MdSGHV), induced the upregulation of various components of the siRNA, innate antimicrobial immune, and autophagy pathways. We show that MdSGHV undergo limited morphogenesis in the corpora allata/corpora cardiaca (CA/CC) complex of M. domestica. MdSGHV replication in CA/CC potentially explains the significant reduction of hemolymph sesquiterpenoids levels, the refusal to mate, and the complete shutdown of egg development in viremic females. Notably, hormonal rescue of vitellogenesis did not result in egg production. The mechanism underlying MdSGHV-induced sterility has yet to be resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry M Kariithi
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research OrganizationNairobi, Kenya.,Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and AgricultureVienna, Austria
| | - Xu Yao
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
| | - Fahong Yu
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Biotechnology Research, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
| | - Peter E Teal
- Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, USDA, ARSGainesville, FL, USA
| | - Chelsea P Verhoeven
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
| | - Drion G Boucias
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
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17
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Schenk S, Krauditsch C, Frühauf P, Gerner C, Raible F. Discovery of methylfarnesoate as the annelid brain hormone reveals an ancient role of sesquiterpenoids in reproduction. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27894418 PMCID: PMC5127642 DOI: 10.7554/elife.17126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals require molecular signals to determine when to divert resources from somatic functions to reproduction. This decision is vital in animals that reproduce in an all-or-nothing mode, such as bristle worms: females committed to reproduction spend roughly half their body mass for yolk and egg production; following mass spawning, the parents die. An enigmatic brain hormone activity suppresses reproduction. We now identify this hormone as the sesquiterpenoid methylfarnesoate. Methylfarnesoate suppresses transcript levels of the yolk precursor Vitellogenin both in cell culture and in vivo, directly inhibiting a central energy–costly step of reproductive maturation. We reveal that contrary to common assumptions, sesquiterpenoids are ancient animal hormones present in marine and terrestrial lophotrochozoans. In turn, insecticides targeting this pathway suppress vitellogenesis in cultured worm cells. These findings challenge current views of animal hormone evolution, and indicate that non-target species and marine ecosystems are susceptible to commonly used insect larvicides. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.17126.001 All organisms need energy to survive and grow. However, sources of energy are limited and so organisms need to decide how to spend the resources they have available. For instance, animals must choose whether they should continue to grow or if they should invest energy into reproduction instead. This decision becomes even more important for animals that reproduce in an “all-or-nothing” manner and invest all their available energy into reproduction and die soon after. Bristle worms live in coastal areas around world. In mass spawning events, thousands of individuals raise from the sea floor to the surface, to release sperm and eggs. While the fertilized eggs start to develop in the water, the parents invariably die. The female worms spend roughly half their body mass in producing eggs and supplying them with yolk as a source of energy. It has been known for decades that the brains of bristle worms produce a master hormone that promotes growth and suppresses reproduction. Yet the identity of this hormone that controls the life-or-death decision was not clear. Schenk et al. took advantage of new molecular tools to solve this puzzle. The experiments show that this hormone directly regulates how much yolk the female animals produce. This allowed Schenk et al. to design a new molecular assay that helped to identify the hormone itself. Unexpectedly, the hormone – called methylfarnesoate – belongs to a family of small molecules called sesquiterpenoids, which researchers previously thought were only found in insects and related groups. Hence, many insecticides have been developed to target sesquiterpenoid signaling and they are used in massive amounts to fight pests like the tiger mosquito (which transmits the Zika virus). Schenk et al. also found that these insecticides also cause severe problems in bristle-worms. These findings challenge current views of how animal hormones have evolved and indicate that common insecticides may be harming bristle worms and other animals in marine environments. The next steps are to find out whether methylfarnesoate is found in other closely related animals, such as snails and mussels, and whether the insecticides are harmful to these animals too. Another future challenge will be to investigate how this hormone actually promotes animal growth. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.17126.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Schenk
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria.,Research Platform Marine Rhythms of Life, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Krauditsch
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Frühauf
- Research Platform Marine Rhythms of Life, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria.,Institute for Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher Gerner
- Research Platform Marine Rhythms of Life, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria.,Institute for Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Raible
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria.,Research Platform Marine Rhythms of Life, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
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18
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Phatchana R, Thongsri Y, Yenjai C. Canangalias C-H, juvenile hormone III analogues from the roots of Cananga latifolia. Fitoterapia 2016; 114:45-50. [PMID: 27575324 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Chemical investigation of the roots of Cananga latifolia led to the isolation and purification of thirteen juvenile hormone III analogues. Six new analogues, canangalias C-H (1-6) and a new natural product, (2E,6E,10R)-10-acetoxy-11-hydroxy-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,6-dienoic acid methyl ester (7), were isolated. In addition, six known juvenile hormone III analogues were isolated. Their structures were established by spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR, IR and mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratchanee Phatchana
- Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Yordhathai Thongsri
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Unit, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Chavi Yenjai
- Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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19
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Břízová R, Vaníčková L, Faťarová M, Ekesi S, Hoskovec M, Kalinová B. Analyses of volatiles produced by the African fruit fly species complex (Diptera, Tephritidae). Zookeys 2015:385-404. [PMID: 26798269 PMCID: PMC4714079 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.540.9630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceratitisfasciventris, Ceratitisanonae and Ceratitisrosa are polyphagous agricultural pests originating from the African continent. The taxonomy of this group (the so-called Ceratitis FAR complex) is unclear. To clarify the taxonomic relationships, male and female-produced volatiles presumably involved in pre-mating communication were studied using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOFMS) followed by multivariate analysis, and gas chromatography combined with electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD). GC×GC-TOFMS analyses revealed sex specific differences in produced volatiles. Male volatiles are complex mixtures that differ both qualitatively and quantitatively but share some common compounds. GC-EAD analyses of male volatiles revealed that the antennal sensitivities of females significantly differ in the studied species. No female volatiles elicited antennal responses in males. The results show clear species-specific differences in volatile production and provide complementary information for the distinct delimitation of the putative species by chemotaxonomic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radka Břízová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry ASCR, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, CZ-166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic; Institute of Chemical Technology in Prague, Technická 5, CZ-166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Vaníčková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry ASCR, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, CZ-166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic; Instituto de Química e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Av. Lourival de Melo Mota, s/n, Tabuleiro, CEP 57072-970, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Mária Faťarová
- Charles University, Albertov 6, CZ-128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Sunday Ekesi
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, PO Box 30772-00100 GPO, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Michal Hoskovec
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry ASCR, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, CZ-166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Kalinová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry ASCR, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, CZ-166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic; Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, CZ-165 21 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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20
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De Meyer M, Delatte H, Ekesi S, Jordaens K, Kalinová B, Manrakhan A, Mwatawala M, Steck G, Van Cann J, Vaníčková L, Břízová R, Virgilio M. An integrative approach to unravel the Ceratitis FAR (Diptera, Tephritidae) cryptic species complex: a review. Zookeys 2015; 540:405-27. [PMID: 26798270 PMCID: PMC4714080 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.540.10046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reviews all information gathered from different disciplines and studies to resolve the species status within the Ceratitis FAR (Ceratitis fasciventris, Ceratitis anonae, Ceratitis rosa) complex, a group of polyphagous fruit fly pest species (Diptera, Tephritidae) from Africa. It includes information on larval and adult morphology, wing morphometrics, cuticular hydrocarbons, pheromones, microsatellites, developmental physiology and geographic distribution. The general consensus is that the FAR complex comprises Ceratitis anonae, two species within Ceratitis rosa (so-called R1 and R2) and two putatitve species under Ceratitis fasciventris. The information regarding the latter is, however, too limited to draw final conclusions on specific status. Evidence for this recognition is discussed with reference to publications providing further details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc De Meyer
- Royal Museum for Central Africa, Invertebrates Section and JEMU, Leuvensesteenweg 13, B3080 Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Hélène Delatte
- CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, 7 ch de l’IRAT, 97410 Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France
| | - Sunday Ekesi
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772 – 00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Kurt Jordaens
- Royal Museum for Central Africa, Invertebrates Section and JEMU, Leuvensesteenweg 13, B3080 Tervuren, Belgium
- University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Blanka Kalinová
- Institut of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague
| | - Aruna Manrakhan
- Citrus Research International, PO Box 28, Nelspruit 1200, South Africa
| | - Maulid Mwatawala
- Sokoine University of Agriculture, Dept. of Crop Science and Production, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Gary Steck
- Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Gainesville FL, USA
| | - Joannes Van Cann
- University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- University of Jyväskylä, PO Box 35, 40014 Finland
| | - Lucie Vaníčková
- Institut of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague
- Laboratório de Ecologia Química, Instituto de Química e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Av. Lourival de Melo Mota, s/n, Tabuleiro, 57072-970, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Radka Břízová
- Institute of Chemical Technology in Prague, Technická 5, CZ-166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Massimiliano Virgilio
- Royal Museum for Central Africa, Invertebrates Section and JEMU, Leuvensesteenweg 13, B3080 Tervuren, Belgium
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21
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Wen D, Rivera-Perez C, Abdou M, Jia Q, He Q, Liu X, Zyaan O, Xu J, Bendena WG, Tobe SS, Noriega FG, Palli SR, Wang J, Li S. Methyl farnesoate plays a dual role in regulating Drosophila metamorphosis. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005038. [PMID: 25774983 PMCID: PMC4361637 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Corpus allatum (CA) ablation results in juvenile hormone (JH) deficiency and pupal lethality in Drosophila. The fly CA produces and releases three sesquiterpenoid hormones: JH III bisepoxide (JHB3), JH III, and methyl farnesoate (MF). In the whole body extracts, MF is the most abundant sesquiterpenoid, followed by JHB3 and JH III. Knockout of JH acid methyl transferase (jhamt) did not result in lethality; it decreased biosynthesis of JHB3, but MF biosynthesis was not affected. RNAi-mediated reduction of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase (hmgcr) expression in the CA decreased biosynthesis and titers of the three sesquiterpenoids, resulting in partial lethality. Reducing hmgcr expression in the CA of the jhamt mutant further decreased MF titer to a very low level, and caused complete lethality. JH III, JHB3, and MF function through Met and Gce, the two JH receptors, and induce expression of Kr-h1, a JH primary-response gene. As well, a portion of MF is converted to JHB3 in the hemolymph or peripheral tissues. Topical application of JHB3, JH III, or MF precluded lethality in JH-deficient animals, but not in the Met gce double mutant. Taken together, these experiments show that MF is produced by the larval CA and released into the hemolymph, from where it exerts its anti-metamorphic effects indirectly after conversion to JHB3, as well as acting as a hormone itself through the two JH receptors, Met and Gce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wen
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Department of Life Science, Qiannan Normal College for Nationalities, Duyun, Guizhou, China
| | - Crisalejandra Rivera-Perez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Mohamed Abdou
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Qiangqiang Jia
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianyu He
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ola Zyaan
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jingjing Xu
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | | | - Stephen S. Tobe
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fernando G. Noriega
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Subba R. Palli
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JW); (SL)
| | - Sheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (JW); (SL)
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22
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Hernández-Martínez S, Rivera-Perez C, Nouzova M, Noriega FG. Coordinated changes in JH biosynthesis and JH hemolymph titers in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 72:22-27. [PMID: 25445664 PMCID: PMC4333059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile hormone III (JH) is synthesized by the corpora allata (CA) and plays a key role in mosquito development and reproduction. A decrease in JH titer during the last instar larvae allows pupation and metamorphosis to proceed. As the anti-metamorphic role of JH comes to an end, the CA of the late pupa once again synthesizes JH, which plays an essential role in orchestrating reproductive maturation. In spite of the importance of Aedes aegypti as a vector, a detailed study of the changes of JH hemolymph titers during the gonotrophic cycle has never been performed. In the present studies, using a high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a fluorescent detector (HPLC-FD) method, we measured changes in JH levels in the hemolymph of female mosquitoes during the pupal and adult stages. Our results revealed tightly concomitant changes in JH biosynthesis and JH hemolymph titers during the gonotrophic cycle of female mosquito. Feeding high sugar diets resulted in an increase of JH titers, and mating also modified JH titers in hemolymph. In addition these studies confirmed that JH titer in mosquitoes is fundamentally determined by the rate of biosynthesis in the CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Hernández-Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62100, Mexico
| | | | - Marcela Nouzova
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Fernando G Noriega
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
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23
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Sarika SN, Gayathri N, Gopinathan A. Secretory activity of mandibular organ fluctuates in response to reproductive season of the field crab Paratelphusa sp. (Brachyura; Decapoda): an ultrastructural study. Zool Stud 2014. [DOI: 10.1186/s40555-014-0065-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Mandibular organ (MO) in decapods is suggested to play regulatory role in reproduction, in few species; however, MO is considered to control growth. The present study addresses this question by an ultrastructural study on the MO of the field crab, Paratelphusa sp. Our sampling for consecutive years (2008 to 2012) revealed that Paratelphusa sp. devotes July to October for reproduction, judged by the occurrence of growing ovaries and the berried females. From November to the succeeding June, the females are in a state of reproductive arrest (non-reproductive period); ovaries during this season would appear as white bands with no signs of yolk deposition.
Results
Morphologically, MO of Paratelphusa sp. is positioned posterior to the mandibles and is in close apposition with the distal end of the mandibular apodeme. MO of Paratelphusa sp. exhibited significant levels (t = 8.097, P < 0.0001, N = 10) of season-dependent size variations. Our electron microscopic observations reveal that the MO is highly secretory during the reproductive period, evidenced by the occurrence of sacculated Golgi bodies having dense inclusions, several mitochondria with tubular cristae, and extensive networks of SER and rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). During the non-reproductive period, however, the MO is least active; RER, the mitochondria, and the Golgi are only sparsely seen. Interestingly, the plasma membrane exhibits a highly convoluted appearance all the way through the non-reproductive period.
Conclusions
The present study reveals that the secretory activity of MO of Paratelphusa sp. is entrained with reproductive activity. The existence of a high correlation between MO secretory activity and ovarian growth implicates the former’s role in reproduction.
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24
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Schmehl DR, Teal PEA, Frazier JL, Grozinger CM. Genomic analysis of the interaction between pesticide exposure and nutrition in honey bees (Apis mellifera). JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 71:177-90. [PMID: 25450567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Populations of pollinators are in decline worldwide. These declines are best documented in honey bees and are due to a combination of stressors. In particular, pesticides have been linked to decreased longevity and performance in honey bees; however, the molecular and physiological pathways mediating sensitivity and resistance to pesticides are not well characterized. We explored the impact of coumaphos and fluvalinate, the two most abundant and frequently detected pesticides in the hive, on genome-wide gene expression patterns of honey bee workers. We found significant changes in 1118 transcripts, including genes involved in detoxification, behavioral maturation, immunity, and nutrition. Since behavioral maturation is regulated by juvenile hormone III (JH), we examined effects of these miticides on hormone titers; while JH titers were unaffected, titers of methyl farnesoate (MF), the precursor to JH, were decreased. We further explored the association between nutrition- and pesticide-regulated gene expression patterns and demonstrated that bees fed a pollen-based diet exhibit reduced sensitivity to a third pesticide, chlorpyrifos. Finally, we demonstrated that expression levels of several of the putative pesticide detoxification genes identified in our study and previous studies are also upregulated in response to pollen feeding, suggesting that these pesticides and components in pollen modulate similar molecular response pathways. Our results demonstrate that pesticide exposure can substantially impact expression of genes involved in several core physiological pathways in honey bee workers. Additionally, there is substantial overlap in responses to pesticides and pollen-containing diets at the transcriptional level, and subsequent analyses demonstrated that pollen-based diets reduce workers' pesticide sensitivity. Thus, providing honey bees and other pollinators with high quality nutrition may improve resistance to pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Schmehl
- Department of Entomology, Center for Pollinator Research, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - Peter E A Teal
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - James L Frazier
- Department of Entomology, Center for Pollinator Research, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - Christina M Grozinger
- Department of Entomology, Center for Pollinator Research, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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Amsalem E, Teal P, Grozinger CM, Hefetz A. Precocene-I inhibits juvenile hormone biosynthesis, ovarian activation, aggression and alters sterility signal production in bumble bee (Bombus terrestris) workers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 217:3178-85. [PMID: 25013106 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.107250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile hormone (JH) is an important regulator of development and physiology in insects. While in many insect species, including bumble bees, JH functions as gonadotropin in adults, in some highly eusocial insects its role has shifted to regulate social behavior including division of labor, dominance and aggression. Studying JH functions across social insect species is important for understanding the evolution of sociality; however, these studies have been limited because of the inability to reduce JH levels without surgically removing its glandular source, the corpora allata. Precocene is known to inhibit JH biosynthesis in several non-social insects, but has been poorly studied in social insects. Here, we tested whether precocene-I can effectively reduce JH levels in Bombus terrestris workers, and examined its effects on their physiology and behavior. Precocene-I treatment of three-worker groups decreased JH titer and ovarian activation, irrespective of the bees' dominance rank within the group, and was remedied by JH replacement therapy. Precocene-I also decreased aggressiveness and increased ester-sterility signal production; these changes were rank-dependent, and affected mainly the most reproductive and the least aggressive workers, respectively, and could not be remedied by JH replacement therapy. These results clearly confirm the role of JH as a gonadotropin and mediator of aggression in B. terrestris, and indicate that JH effects are associated with worker dominance rank. The ability to chemically reduce JH titer provides us with a non-intrusive method to probe the evolutionary changes associated with JH and the hormonal mechanisms that are associated with reproduction and behavior in social insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Amsalem
- Department of Entomology, Center for Pollinator Research, Center for Chemical Ecology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - P Teal
- Chemistry Research Unit, 1600-1700 SW, 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - C M Grozinger
- Department of Entomology, Center for Pollinator Research, Center for Chemical Ecology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - A Hefetz
- Department of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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