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Zhao X, Li S, Xiang Z. Veratrum nigrum L.: A comprehensive review of ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and metabolism, toxicity, and incompatibility. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 331:118219. [PMID: 38663784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Veratrum nigrum L. (V. nigrum) is a well-known herb with a lengthy history of use in Asian and European countries. V. nigrum has been traditionally used to treat epilepsy, hypertension, malignant sores, and stroke, and it possesses emetic and insecticide properties. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review summarized the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and metabolism, and toxicity of V. nigrum as well as its incompatibility with other herbs. Current challenges in the use of V. nigrum and possible future research directions were also discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information on V. nigrum was collected from electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, CNKI, and WanFang DATA; Masterpieces of Traditional Chinese Medicine; local Chinese Materia Medica Standards; and relevant documents. RESULTS In ethnomedical practice, V. nigrum has been used as an emetic and insecticide. Approximately 137 compounds have been isolated from V. nigrum, including alkaloids, stilbenes, flavonoids, organic acids, and esters. Its crude extracts and compounds have shown various effects, including anticancer, hypotensive, insecticidal, and antimicrobial activities as well as the ability to improve hemorheological abnormalities. Pharmacokinetic studies have indicated that veratramine (VAM) and jervine have high bioavailability and possibly enterohepatic circulation. In addition, the sex-related pharmacokinetic differences in V. nigrum alkaloids warrant further attention. Toxicological studies have indicated that cevanine-type alkaloids and VAM may be the main toxic components of V. nigrum, and purine metabolism disorders may be related to V. nigrum toxicity. Furthermore, the neurotoxicity and embryotoxicity of V. nigrum have also been observed. The quality control of V. nigrum and the mechanism underlying its incompatibility with other herbs also deserve further research and refinement. CONCLUSION This review summarized the existing information on V. nigrum, laying the foundation for further studies on this herb and its safe use. Among the various compounds present in V. nigrum, steroid alkaloids are the most numerous and have high content; furthermore, they are closely related to the pharmacological effects of V. nigrum, but their toxicity can not also be ignored. Given that toxicity is a critical issue limiting the clinical application of V. nigrum, more toxicological studies on V. nigrum and its active ingredients, especially steroid alkaloids, should be conducted in the future to further explore its toxicity targets and the underlying mechanisms and to provide more evidence and recommendations to enhance the safety of its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Shiyang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zedong Xiang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai, 201203, China
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Liu Z, Vinh LB, Tuan NQ, Lee H, Kim E, Kim YC, Sohn JH, Yim JH, Lee HJ, Lee DS, Oh H. Macrosphelides from Antarctic fungus Pseudogymnoascus sp. (strain SF-7351) and their neuroprotective effects on BV2 and HT22 cells. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 385:110718. [PMID: 37777167 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Strategies for reducing inflammation in neurodegenerative diseases have attracted increasing attention. Herein, we discovered and evaluated the neuroprotective potential of fungal metabolites isolated from the Antarctic fungus Pseudogymnoascus sp. (strain SF-7351). The chemical investigation of the EtOAc extract of the fungal strain isolate revealed a novel naturally occurring epi-macrosphelide J (1), a novel secondary metabolite macrosphelide N (2), and three known compounds, namely macrosphelide A (3), macrosphelide B (4), and macrosphelide J (5). Their structures were established unambiguously using spectroscopic methods, such as one-dimensional and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (1D and 2D-NMR) spectroscopy, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS), and gauge-including atomic orbital (GIAO) NMR chemical shift calculations, with the support of the advanced statistical method DP4+. Among the isolated metabolites, the absolute configuration of epi-macrosphelide J (1) was further confirmed using single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The neuroprotective effects of the isolated metabolites were evaluated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV2 and glutamate-stimulated HT22 cells. Only macrosphelide B (4) displayed substantial protective effects in both BV2 and HT22 cells. Molecular mechanisms underlying this activity were investigated using western blotting and molecular docking studies. Macrosphelide B (4) inhibited the inflammatory response by reducing the nuclear translocation of NF-κB (p65) in LPS-induced BV2 cells and induced the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in both BV2 and HT22 cells. The neuroprotective effect of macrosphelide B (4) is related to the interaction between Keap1 and p65. These results suggest that macrosphelide B (4), present in the fungus Pseudogymnoascus sp. (strain SF-7351), may serve as a candidate for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61452, South Korea.
| | - Le Ba Vinh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538, South Korea; Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538, South Korea.
| | - Nguyen Quoc Tuan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538, South Korea; Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538, South Korea.
| | - Hwan Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61452, South Korea.
| | - Eunae Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61452, South Korea.
| | - Youn-Chul Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538, South Korea.
| | - Jae Hak Sohn
- College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan, 46958, South Korea.
| | - Joung Han Yim
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, South Korea.
| | - Ha-Jin Lee
- Division of Chemistry and Bio-Environmental Sciences, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, 01797, South Korea.
| | - Dong-Sung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61452, South Korea.
| | - Hyuncheol Oh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538, South Korea; Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538, South Korea.
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Wang SH, Wang YQ, Wang QQ, Wang L, Zhang QY, Tu PF. Steroidal alkaloids from the bulbs of Fritillaria unibracteata var. wabuensis and their anti-inflammatory activities. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 209:113640. [PMID: 36906138 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fourteen previously undescribed steroidal alkaloids, including six jervine-type, wabujervine A-E and wabujerside A, seven cevanine-type, wabucevanine A-G, and one secolanidin-type, wabusesolanine A, along with thirteen known steroidal alkaloids, were isolated from the bulbs of Fritillaria unibracteata var. wabuensis. On the basis of comprehensive analysis of IR, HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses, their structures were elucidated. In the zebrafish acute inflammatory models, nine compounds showed anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yu-Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Qi-Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Le Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qing-Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Peng-Fei Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Olofinsan KA, Salau VF, Erukainure OL, Islam MS. Senna petersiana (Bolle) leaf extract modulates glycemic homeostasis and improves dysregulated enzyme activities in fructose-fed streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 303:115998. [PMID: 36471537 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Senna petersiana (Bolle) is a native South African medicinal shrub combined locally with other plant products to manage diabetes or used as a single therapy for several other ailing conditions. AIM OF THE STUDY This study evaluated the antidiabetic and antilipidemic effects of S. petersiana leaf ethanol extract and its modulatory effects on dysregulated enzyme activities in fructose-fed streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six groups of 6-weeks old male Sprague Dawley rats were used in this study. Diabetes was induced in four of the groups by injecting (i.p.) 40 mg/kg of streptozotocin after a two-weeks feeding of 10% fructose via drinking water, while animals in the two normal groups were given similar volume of vehicle buffer and normal drinking water, respectively. After the confirmation of diabetes, treatment with 150 and 300 mg/kg body weight of the ethanolic leaf extract of S. petersiana proceeded for a period of 6 weeks. RESULTS Oral administration of S. petersiana leaf extract significantly lowered blood glucose, food and liquid intake, glycosylhaemoglobin in blood, liver and cardiac biomarkers, and lipid profile in serum and atherogenic index (AIP) in both the low and high-dose treated animal groups. This was accompanied by a simultaneous increase in Homeostatic Model Assessment-beta (HOMA-β) score, serum high-density lipoproteins cholesterol (HDL-c), and insulin levels. It also improved pancreatic and serum-reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, catalase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes activities with a simultaneous reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) concentrations. Moreover, the extract modulated dysregulated α-amylase, lipase, cholinesterase, and 5' nucleotidase enzyme activities in pancreatic tissue as well as glycogen metabolism in the liver. Analysis of the phytochemicals in the S. petersiana extract showed the presence of phytol, 4a,7,7,10a-tetramethyldodecahydrobenzo[f]-chromen-3-ol, phytol acetate, solasodine glucoside, cassine, veratramine and solasodine acetate. Amongst these compounds, solasodine glucoside had the best binding energy (ΔG) with the selected diabetes-linked enzymes via molecular docking simulation. CONCLUSION Data from this study demonstrate the antidiabetic effects of S. petersiana leaf extract via the modulation of the dysregulated indices involved in type 2 diabetes and its associated complications. Although it has been shown safe in animals, further toxicological studies are required to ensure its safety for diabetes management in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kolawole A Olofinsan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Veronica F Salau
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Ochuko L Erukainure
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Md Shahidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
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Yao G, Wu M, Ge M, Zhang M, Cao X, Zhu Y, Wei S, Chang Y, Ouyang H, He J. A multi-evaluating strategy for raw and processed Veratrum nigrum L.: fingerprinting combined with quantitative analysis based on multivariate chemometric methods. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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Validation of Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidemic Effects of 80% Methanolic Extract of the Lonchocarpus laxiflorus Leaves in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Swiss Albino Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:8411851. [PMID: 36619200 PMCID: PMC9812600 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8411851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic endocrine disorder that requires long-term treatment. In Ethiopian traditional medicine practice, plants have been provided with a vital role in fighting human and animal diseases since ancient times. The aqueous extract of Lonchocarpus laxiflorus (L. laxiflorus) leaves has been consumed for treating diabetes mellitus without confirming its safety and efficacy scientifically. This experiment aimed to evaluate the safety and antidiabetic efficacy of the leaf extract of L. laxiflorus in mice models. Methods The crude extraction was conducted using a cold maceration technique and 80% methanol solvent. Normoglycemic, oral glucose-loaded, and streptozotocin-induced (STZ) diabetic models were employed. Male Swiss albino mice were randomly grouped into five categories( with six mice per group during normoglycemic, oral glucose-loadingtest as a negative control, positive control, and three treatment groups. In STZ-induced diabetic models, the groups include normal and diabetic negative control, diabetic positive control, and three diabetic treatment groups. The negative control groups received vehicles, the positive control received 5 mg/kg glibenclamide, and the treatment groups received the crude extract at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg doses, respectively. Results Up to 2000 mg/kg crude extract, neither signs of toxicity nor death were observed. In normoglycemic mice, there was a significant blood glucose reduction at 200 and 400 mg/kg doses starting from the 2nd h post-administration. The oral glucose load showed a significant antihyperglycemic effect at 200 and 400 mg/kg of the crude extract and glibenclamide. In STZ-induced diabetic models, the 200, 400 mg/kg crude extract, and glibenclamide showed a significant antidiabetic activity and enhancement of a good serum lipid profile. Conclusion This study confirmed that the leaf of L. laxiflorus was safe and possesses antidiabetic and antidyslipidemic activities.
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Xie TZ, Zhao YL, Wang H, Chen YC, Wei X, Wang ZJ, He YJ, Zhao LX, Luo XD. New steroidal alkaloids with anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects from Veratrum grandiflorum. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 293:115290. [PMID: 35452774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE "Li-Lu", the roots and rhizomes of Veratrum grandiflorum (Melianthiaceae), has been historically used as a traditional folk medicine for the treatment of wrist pain, fractures, sores, and inflammation in Yunnan Province, China. However, the anti-inflammatory and analgesic studies of this plant have seldom reported. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties related to the traditional usage of V. grandiflorum both in vitro and in vivo, and further explore the accurate bioactive compounds from the medicinal plant. MATERIALS AND METHODS Phytochemical investigation was carried out by chromatographic methods and their structures were established based on extensive spectra and comparison with corresponding data in the reported literatures. Anti-inflammatory activities were assessed by the suppression of lipopolysaccharide-activated inflammatory mediators in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells in vitro. Furthermore, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects were evaluated based on carrageenan-induced paw edema and acetic acid-stimulated writhing in mice. RESULTS The methanol extract (ME) of V. grandiflorum significantly alleviated the paw edema caused by carrageenan and the writhing numbers induced by acetic acid. Subsequent phytochemical investigation led to isolated of 21 steroidal alkaloids, including seven new compounds, veragranines C-I (1-7). Anti-inflammatory test indicated that steroidal alkaloids could decrease the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells at a concentration of 5.0 μg/ml in vitro, comparable to DXM. Moreover, five new steroidal alkaloids (2, 4, 5, 6, and 7) and two major steroidal alkaloids (9 and 13) significantly decreased the numbers of writhing in mice at the doses of 0.5 and/or 1.0 mg/kg (p < 0.01/0.05), roughly comparable to Dolantin™ at 10.0 mg/kg. CONCLUSIONS The investigation supported the traditional use of V. grandiflorum and provided new steroidal alkaloids as potent analgesic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Zhen Xie
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China
| | - Yun-Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China
| | - Huan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China
| | - Yi-Chi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China
| | - Xin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, PR China
| | - Zhao-Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China
| | - Ying-Jie He
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China
| | - Li-Xing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, PR China.
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Xiang ML, Hu BY, Qi ZH, Wang XN, Xie TZ, Wang ZJ, Ma DY, Zeng Q, Luo XD. Chemistry and bioactivities of natural steroidal alkaloids. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2022; 12:23. [PMID: 35701630 PMCID: PMC9198197 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-022-00345-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Steroidal alkaloids possess the basic steroidal skeleton with a nitrogen atom in rings or side chains incorporated as an integral part of the molecule. They have demonstrated a wide range of biological activities, and some of them have even been developed as therapeutic drugs, such as abiraterone acetate (Zytiga®), a blockbuster drug, which has been used for the treatment of prostate cancer. Structurally diverse natural steroidal alkaloids present a wide spectrum of biological activities, which are attractive for natural product chemistry and medicinal chemistry communities. This review comprehensively covers the structural classification, isolation and various biological activities of 697 natural steroidal alkaloids discovered from 1926 to October 2021, with 363 references being cited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin-Yuan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Heng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Na Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Zhen Xie
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan-Yu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
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Recent Updates on Development of Protein-Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Inhibitors for Treatment of Diabetes, Obesity and Related Disorders. Bioorg Chem 2022; 121:105626. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Incompatible effects of Panax ginseng and Veratrum nigrum on estrogen decline in rats using metabolomics and gut microbiota. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 208:114442. [PMID: 34749105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Panax ginseng (PG) and Veratrum nigrum (VN) are the most representative incompatibility herb pair in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). This theory is derived from long-term clinical practice and has been applied for thousands of years. However, its mechanism has not yet been clearly investigated. The purpose of this work is to examine the incompatible effects of PG and VN on estrogen decline in rats to better understand the adverse effects of inappropriate herbal combinations using metabolomics and gut microbiota. The ovariectomized rats were administered with PG, VN and their combination decoction decoction intragastrically. After the combination of PG and VN, the improvement of depression-like behavior, neurotransmitter of brain, serum estrogen levels on ovariectomized rats was decreased; the regulation of PG on eight metabolic biomarkers and four intestinal bacteria was reduced by metabolomic and gut microbiota analysis. In addition, the correlation analysis revealed that the above four gut flora showed a relative trend with the significant metabolites of Pantothenic acid, 4, 6-Dihydroxyquinoline, Chenodeoxycholic acid and Caprylic acid. They were involved in tryptophan metabolism, pantothenic acid and coenzyme A biosynthesis, fatty acid biosynthesis and primary bile acid biosynthesis. These results provide further insight into the pathway by which PG and VN combine to reduce the therapeutic effects of estrogen decline. It is helpful to comprehend the incompatible mechanisms of PG and VN.
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Xie TZ, Luo L, Zhao YL, Li H, Xiang ML, Qin XJ, He YJ, Zhu YY, Dai Z, Wang ZJ, Wei X, Liu YP, Zhao LX, Lai R, Luo XD. Steroidal Alkaloids with a Potent Analgesic Effect Based on N-type Calcium Channel Inhibition. Org Lett 2021; 24:467-471. [PMID: 34477387 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Two distinctive alkaloids with 6/6/6/5/6/6 fused rings, in which a previously unidentified linkage of C-12/23 generates a rigid skeleton, resulting in a new subtype of steroidal alkaloid, were isolated from Veratrum grandiflorum. Compounds 1 and 2 showed potent analgesic effects in vivo, superior to the well-known analgesic, pethidine (Dolantin), likely by inhibiting CaV2.2 voltage-gated calcium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Zhen Xie
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Lei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming 650223, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming 650223, P. R. China
| | - Mei-Ling Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Xu-Jie Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Jie He
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Yan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Dai
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Zhao-Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P. R. China
| | - Li-Xing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Ren Lai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming 650223, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P. R. China
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Nakitto AMS, Muyonga JH, Byaruhanga YB, Wagner AE. Solanum anguivi Lam. Fruits: Their Potential Effects on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Molecules 2021; 26:2044. [PMID: 33918509 PMCID: PMC8038283 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex metabolic disorder of glucose homeostasis associated with a status of insulin resistance, impaired insulin signaling, β-cell dysfunction, impaired glucose and lipid metabolism, sub-clinical inflammation, and increased oxidative stress. Consuming fruits and vegetables rich in phytochemicals with potential antidiabetic effects may prevent T2DM and/or support a conservative T2DM treatment while being safer and more affordable for people from low-income countries. Solanum anguivi Lam. fruits (SALF) have been suggested to exhibit antidiabetic properties, potentially due to the presence of various phytochemicals, including saponins, phenolics, alkaloids, ascorbic acid, and flavonoids. For the saponin fraction, antidiabetic effects have already been reported. However, it remains unclear whether this is also true for the other phytochemicals present in SALF. This review article covers information on glucose homeostasis, T2DM pathogenesis, and also the potential antidiabetic effects of phytochemicals present in SALF, including their potential mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Musaazi Sebunya Nakitto
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Food Technology Nutrition and Bioengineering, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062 Kampala, Uganda or (A.M.S.N.); (J.H.M.); (Y.B.B.)
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Justus-Liebig University, Wilhelmstrasse 20, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - John H. Muyonga
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Food Technology Nutrition and Bioengineering, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062 Kampala, Uganda or (A.M.S.N.); (J.H.M.); (Y.B.B.)
| | - Yusuf Byenkya Byaruhanga
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Food Technology Nutrition and Bioengineering, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062 Kampala, Uganda or (A.M.S.N.); (J.H.M.); (Y.B.B.)
| | - Anika E. Wagner
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Justus-Liebig University, Wilhelmstrasse 20, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Ajebli M, Khan H, Eddouks M. Natural Alkaloids and Diabetes Mellitus: A Review. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 21:111-130. [PMID: 32955004 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200821124817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of herbal therapies for treatment and management of diabetes mellitus and complications associated with this chronic condition is increasing. Plants contain a bounty of phytochemicals that have been proven to be protective by reducing the risk of various ailments and diseases, including alkaloids. Moreover, alkaloids are known to be among the oldest natural products used by humans for highlighting drugs that play crucial roles as therapeutic agents. The reason for this expanding interest and uses of alkaloids as a part of plant natural compounds-based treatments is that a significant proportion of diabetic patients do not respond very well to conventional therapeutic medication. Furthermore, other explanations to this fact are the cost of medication, side-effects, accessibility, and availability of health facilities and drugs and the inefficiency of these medicines in certain cases. OBJECTIVE In this study we aimed to review the literature on the valuable effects of herbs and plants and their isolated alkaloids compounds as medication for management of diabetes, a prevalent risk factor for several other disorders and illnesses. METHODS In the current review, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Springer and google scholar databases were used and the criterion for inclusion was based on the following keywords and phrases: diabetes, hyperglycemia, complications of diabetes, alkaloids, antidiabetic alkaloids, hypoglycemic alkaloids, alkaloids and complications of diabetes mellitus, mechanisms of action and alkaloids. RESULTS In the current review, we demonstrate that alkaloids in the form of extracts and isolated molecules obtained from a large variety of species demonstrated their efficiency for improving raises in blood glucose either in animal models via experimental studies or in human subjects via clinical trials. Medicinal species as chillies (Capsicum annuum), turmeric (Curcuma longa), barberry (Berberis vulgaris) and cress (Lepidium sativum) are among the most common and therapeutic plants used for controlling diabetes that were the subject of several experimental and clinical investigations. Whereas, isolated alkaloids such as berberine, capsaicin and trigonelline have received more interest in this field. Interestingly, the therapeutic impact of alkaloids against blood glucose pathogenesis is mediated through a variety of signaling cascades and pathways, via inhibiting or stimulating diversity of systems such as inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme, blockade of PTP- 1B, deactivation of DPP-IV, increasing insulin sensitivity and modulating the oxidative stress. CONCLUSION Based on the findings of the present review, alkaloids could be used as preventive and curative agents in the case of endocrine disorders, particularly diabetes and could play a promoting function for the discovery of new antidiabetic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ajebli
- Team of Ethnopharmacology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, BP 509, Boutalamine, 52000, Errachidia, Morocco
| | - Haroun Khan
- Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed Eddouks
- Team of Ethnopharmacology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, BP 509, Boutalamine, 52000, Errachidia, Morocco
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UPLC-MS/MS Method for the Simultaneous Quantification of Eight Compounds in Rat Plasma and Its Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study after Oral Administration of Veratrum (Veratrum nigrum L.) Extract. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8883277. [PMID: 33134392 PMCID: PMC7593722 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8883277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Veratrum nigrum L. is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine with a lot of pharmacological activities including antihypertensive, anticancer, and antifungal effects. In the current experiment, a rapid and sensitive UPLC-MS/MS method that takes only 7 min run time has been established and validated for simultaneous determination of eight bioactive compounds including cyclopamine, jervine, veratramine, polydatin, quercetin, apigenin, resveratrol, and veratrosine in rat plasma. The chromatographic separation of analytes and internal standard was performed on a Phenyl-Hexyl column (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.7 μm) with the mobile phase consisting of water (0.1% formic acid) and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. An electrospray ionization (ESI) source was used to detect the samples in both positive and negative ion modes. The intra- and interday precisions of the compounds were less than 9.5% and the accuracy ranged from -10.8% to 10.4%. The extraction recoveries of the compounds were in the range of 85.1 ± 1.5% to 102.6 ± 8.0%, and the matrix effect ranged from 91.2 ± 4.5% to 113.8 ± 1.5%. According to the results of the stability test, the eight compounds have good stability under various conditions and the relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 13.2%. The pharmacokinetic parameters of the eight compounds in rat plasma after oral administration of Veratrum nigrum L. extract were successfully determined by the established UPLC-MS/MS method.
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Kim JY, Son E, Kim DS. One New Veratramine-Type Alkaloid From Veratrum maackii var. japonicum and Antioxidative Activities of Isolated Compounds. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20939408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A new veratramine-type alkaloid (1), along with 4 known compounds (2-5), was isolated from the roots of Veratrum maackii var. japonicum (Baker) T. Shimizu. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of NMR and mass spectroscopic data. All compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant activities using 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS +) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH·) radical scavenging assays. Compounds 1 and 3-5 showed ABTS+ radical scavenging activity with IC50 values ranging from 15.0 to 85.7 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yul Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Eunjung Son
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Dong-Seon Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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Szeliga M, Ciura J, Tyrka M. Representational Difference Analysis of Transcripts Involved in Jervine Biosynthesis. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10060088. [PMID: 32575579 PMCID: PMC7344996 DOI: 10.3390/life10060088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Veratrum-type steroidal alkaloids (VSA) are the major bioactive ingredients that strongly determine the pharmacological activities of Veratrum nigrum. Biosynthesis of VSA at the molecular and genetic levels is not well understood. Next-generation sequencing of representational difference analysis (RDA) products after elicitation and precursor feeding was applied to identify candidate genes involved in VSA biosynthesis. A total of 12,048 contigs with a median length of 280 bases were received in three RDA libraries obtained after application of methyl jasmonate, squalene and cholesterol. The comparative analysis of annotated sequences was effective in identifying candidate genes. GABAT2 transaminase and hydroxylases active at C-22, C-26, C-11, and C-16 positions in late stages of jervine biosynthesis were selected. Moreover, genes coding pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase and enzymes from the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases family (SDR) associated with the reduction reactions of the VSA biosynthesis process were proposed. The data collected contribute to better understanding of jervine biosynthesis and may accelerate implementation of biotechnological methods of VSA biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Szeliga
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, Powstańców Warszawy 6 Ave, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (J.C.); (M.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Joanna Ciura
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, Powstańców Warszawy 6 Ave, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (J.C.); (M.T.)
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Mirosław Tyrka
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, Powstańców Warszawy 6 Ave, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (J.C.); (M.T.)
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Osteoarthritis Is a Low-Grade Inflammatory Disease: Obesity's Involvement and Herbal Treatment. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:2037484. [PMID: 31781260 PMCID: PMC6874989 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2037484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is considered a major cause of disability around the globe. This handicapping disease causes important cartilage and bone alteration that is associated with serious pains and loss of joint function. Despite its frequent association with obesity, the aetiology of OA is not fully understood. In this review, the different aspects of OA and its correlation with obesity were analysed. Through examining different mechanisms by which obesity may trigger and/or exacerbate OA, we point out some relevant signalling pathways that may evolve as candidates for pharmacological drug development. As such, we also suggest a review of different herbal medicines (HMs) and their main compounds, which specifically interfere with the identified pathways. We have shown that obesity's involvement in OA is not only limited to the mechanical weight exerted on the joints (mechanical hypothesis), but also induces an inflammatory state by different mechanisms, including increased leptin expression, compromised gut mucosa, and/or gut microbiota disruption. The main signalling pathways involved in OA inflammation, which are associated with obesity, are protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and TLR4 or DAP12. Moreover, we also underline the contamination of plant extracts with LPS as an important factor to consider when studying HM's effects on articular cells. By summarizing recent publications, this review aims at highlighting newly established aspects of obesity involvement in OA other than the mechanical one.
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Szeliga M, Ciura J, Grzesik M, Tyrka M. Identification of candidate genes involved in steroidal alkaloids biosynthesis in organ-specific transcriptomes of Veratrum nigrum L. Gene 2019; 712:143962. [PMID: 31288057 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.143962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Veratrum nigrum is protected plant of Melanthiaceae family, able to synthetize unique steroidal alkaloids important for pharmacy. Transcriptomes from leaves, stems and rhizomes of in vitro maintained V. nigrum plants were sequenced and annotated for genes and markers discovery. Sequencing of samples derived from the different organs resulted in a total of 108,511 contigs with a mean length of 596 bp. Transcripts derived from leaf and stalk were annotated at 28%, and 38% in Nr nucleotide database, respectively. The sequencing revealed 949 unigenes related with lipid metabolism, including 73 transcripts involved in steroids and genus-specific steroid alkaloids biosynthesis. Additionally, 3203 candidate SSRs markers we identified in unigenes with average density of one SSR locus every 6.2 kb sequence. Unraveling of biochemical machinery of the pathway responsible for steroidal alkaloids will open possibility to design and optimize biotechnological process. The transcriptomic data provide valuable resources for biochemical, molecular genetics, comparative transcriptomics, functional genomics, ecological and evolutionary studies of V. nigrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Szeliga
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, Powstańców Warszawy 6 Ave, 35-595 Rzeszów, Poland.
| | - Joanna Ciura
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, Powstańców Warszawy 6 Ave, 35-595 Rzeszów, Poland; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Michalina Grzesik
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, Powstańców Warszawy 6 Ave, 35-595 Rzeszów, Poland; Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, University of Rzeszów, Ćwiklińskiej 1, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Mirosław Tyrka
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, Powstańców Warszawy 6 Ave, 35-595 Rzeszów, Poland
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Chen L, Weng Q, Ma J. A New UPLC-MS/MS Method Validated for Quantification of Jervine in Rat Plasma and the Study of Its Pharmacokinetics in Rats. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2019; 2019:5163625. [PMID: 30956840 PMCID: PMC6431447 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5163625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop an ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method to assess the concentration of jervine in rat plasma and its pharmacokinetics. Diazepam was used as internal standard (IS). The chromatographic separation of jervine and IS was carried out on an UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.7 μm) with a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. A mixture of acetonitrile and water (0.1% formic acid) was used as a mobile phase. The UPLC-MS/MS was equipped with an electrospray ionization (ESI), adopting multiple reactive monitoring mode to determine jervine in rat plasma. The retention times of jervine and the internal standard were 1.71 and 2.13 min, respectively. The calibration curve of jervine ranged between 1 and 1000 ng/mL. The lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) was 1 ng/mL, and the lower limit of determination (LLOD) was 0.2 ng/mL. The accuracy was ±6%; the interday precision and intraday precision were no more than 9%. The recovery was higher than 90.3%, and the matrix effect was lower than 10%. The UPLC-MS/MS method was successfully developed and used for the application of the pharmacokinetic study. The primary pharmacokinetic parameters of jervine in this study were as follows: the AUC(0-∞) was 969.3 ± 277.7 ng/mL·h, the C max was 506.6 ± 192.8 ng/mL, the CL/F was 1.7 ± 0.5 L/h/kg, and the t 1/2 was 3.4 ± 1.2 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianguo Chen
- Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Qinghua Weng
- Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jianshe Ma
- School of Basic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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20
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Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitors from natural sources. Arch Pharm Res 2017; 41:130-161. [PMID: 29214599 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-017-0997-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Since PTP1B enzyme was discovered in 1988, it has captured the research community's attention. This landmark discovery has stimulated numerous research studies on a variety of human diseases, including cancer, inflammation, and diabetes. Tremendous progress has been made in finding PTP1B inhibitors and exploring PTP1B regulatory mechanisms. This review investigates for the natural PTP1B inhibitors, and focuses on the common characteristics of the discovered structures and structure-activity relationships. To facilitate understanding, all the natural compounds are here divided into five different classes (fatty acids, phenolics, terpenoids, steroids, and alkaloids), according to their skeletons. These PTP1B inhibitors of scaffold structures could serve as a theoretical basis for new concept drug discovery and design.
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21
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Rapid discovery of cyclopamine analogs from Fritillaria and Veratrum plants using LC-Q-TOF-MS and LC-QqQ-MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 142:201-209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Wei Z, Qian Q, Dong X, Li N, Sun G, Gao S, Dong X. Metabolomic approach to understand the acute and chronic hepatotoxicity of Veratrum nigrum extract in mice based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Toxicol Mech Methods 2017; 27:687-696. [PMID: 28701067 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2017.1351017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziheng Wei
- Third Company, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Qingqing Qian
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai, School of Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xu Dong
- Third Company, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Na Li
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Guangchun Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Shanghai, School of Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Songyan Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xin Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Fan Y, Wang N, Rocchi A, Zhang W, Vassar R, Zhou Y, He C. Identification of natural products with neuronal and metabolic benefits through autophagy induction. Autophagy 2016; 13:41-56. [PMID: 27791467 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2016.1240855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a housekeeping lysosomal degradation pathway important for cellular survival, homeostasis and function. Various disease models have shown that upregulation of autophagy may be beneficial to combat disease pathogenesis. However, despite several recently reported small-molecule screens for synthetic autophagy inducers, natural chemicals of diverse structures and functions have not been included in the synthetic libraries, and characterization of their roles in autophagy has been lacking. To discover novel autophagy-regulating compounds and study their therapeutic mechanisms, we used analytic chemistry approaches to isolate natural phytochemicals from a reservoir of medicinal plants used in traditional remedies. From this pilot plant metabolite library, we identified several novel autophagy-inducing phytochemicals, including Rg2. Rg2 is a steroid glycoside chemical that activates autophagy in an AMPK-ULK1-dependent and MTOR-independent manner. Induction of autophagy by Rg2 enhances the clearance of protein aggregates in a cell-based model, improves cognitive behaviors in a mouse model of Alzheimer disease, and prevents high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance. Thus, we discovered a series of autophagy-inducing phytochemicals from medicinal plants, and found that one of the compounds Rg2 mediates metabolic and neurotrophic effects dependent on activation of the autophagy pathway. These findings may help explain how medicinal plants exert the therapeutic functions against metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Fan
- a Department of Cell and Molecular Biology , Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago , IL , USA.,b Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University , Changchun, Jilin , China
| | - Nan Wang
- a Department of Cell and Molecular Biology , Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago , IL , USA.,c Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology , Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin , China
| | - Altea Rocchi
- a Department of Cell and Molecular Biology , Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Weiran Zhang
- a Department of Cell and Molecular Biology , Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Robert Vassar
- a Department of Cell and Molecular Biology , Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Yifa Zhou
- b Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University , Changchun, Jilin , China
| | - Congcong He
- a Department of Cell and Molecular Biology , Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago , IL , USA
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Quan KT, Park HS, Oh J, Park HB, Ferreira D, Myung CS, Na M. Arborinane Triterpenoids from Rubia philippinensis Inhibit Proliferation and Migration of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Induced by the Platelet-Derived Growth Factor. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:2559-2569. [PMID: 27704813 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The abnormal proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are associated with cardiovascular diseases and related complications. Such deleterious proliferation and migration events are triggered by cytokines and growth factors, and among them, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is recognized as the most potent inducer. Despite the genus Rubia being researched to identify valuable commercial and medicinal virtues, Rubia philippinensis has rarely been investigated. Nine arborinane-type triterpenoids (1-9) were identified from this underutilized plant species. In particular, 4 was identified as the first arborinane derivative carrying a ketocarbonyl motif at C-19. The presence of the cyclopentanone moiety and the associated configurational assignment were determined by utilizing NOE and coupling constant analysis. These compounds were assessed for their inhibitory potential on PDGF-induced proliferation and the migration of VSMCs. Treatment with 5 μM compound 5 (62.6 ± 10.7%) and compound 9 (41.1 ± 4.7%) impeded PDGF-stimulated proliferation without exerting cytotoxicity. Compound 7 exhibited antimigration activity in a dose-dependent manner (38.5 ± 3.0% at 10 μM, 57.6 ± 3.2% at 30 μM). These results suggest that the arborinane-type triterpenoids may be a pertinent starting point for the development of cardiovascular drugs capable of preventing the intimal accumulation of VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khong Trong Quan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Standardization, National Institute of Medicinal Materials , Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Joonseok Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Chemical Biology Institute, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Hyun Bong Park
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Chemical Biology Institute, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Daneel Ferreira
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi , University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Chang-Seon Myung
- Institute of Drug Research & Development, Chungnam National University , Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
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Zhang X, Chen C, Li Y, Chen D, Dong L, Na W, Wu C, Zhang J, Li Y. Tadehaginosides A-J, Phenylpropanoid Glucosides from Tadehagi triquetrum, Enhance Glucose Uptake via the Upregulation of PPARγ and GLUT-4 in C2C12 Myotubes. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:1249-1258. [PMID: 27100993 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ten new phenylpropanoid glucosides, tadehaginosides A-J (1-10), and the known compound tadehaginoside (11) were obtained from Tadehagi triquetrum. These phenylpropanoid glucosides were structurally characterized through extensive physical and chemical analyses. Compounds 1 and 2 represent the first set of dimeric derivatives of tadehaginoside with an unusual bicyclo[2.2.2]octene skeleton, whereas compounds 3 and 4 contain a unique cyclobutane basic core in their carbon scaffolds. The effects of these compounds on glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes were evaluated. Compounds 3-11, particularly 4, significantly increased the basal and insulin-elicited glucose uptake. The results from molecular docking, luciferase analyses, and ELISA indicated that the increased glucose uptake may be due to increases in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) activity and glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4) expression. These results indicate that the isolated phenylpropanoid glucosides, particularly compound 4, have the potential to be developed into antidiabetic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopo Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hainan Medical University , Hainan 571199, People's Republic of China
| | - Changyu Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hainan Medical University , Hainan 571199, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghui Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hainan Medical University , Hainan 571199, People's Republic of China
| | - Deli Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hainan Medical University , Hainan 571199, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Na
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hainan Medical University , Hainan 571199, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongming Wu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Junqing Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hainan Medical University , Hainan 571199, People's Republic of China
| | - Youbin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hainan Medical University , Hainan 571199, People's Republic of China
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Potent PPARγ Ligands from Swietenia macrophylla Are Capable of Stimulating Glucose Uptake in Muscle Cells. Molecules 2015; 20:22301-14. [PMID: 26703529 PMCID: PMC6332226 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201219847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous documented ethnopharmacological properties have been associated with Swietenia macrophylla (Meliaceae), with its seed extract reported to display anti-hypoglycemic activities in diabetic rats. In the present study, three compounds isolated from the seeds of S. macrophylla were tested on a modified ELISA binding assay and showed to possess PPARγ ligand activity. They were corresponded to PPARγ-mediated cellular response, stimulated adipocyte differentiation but produced lower amount of fat droplets compared to a conventional anti-diabetic agent, rosiglitazone. The up-regulation of adipocytes was followed by increased adipocyte-related gene expressions such as adiponectin, adipsin, and PPARγ. The S. macrophylla compounds also promoted cellular glucose uptake via the translocation of GLUT4 glucose transporter.
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