1
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Xu H, Schaugaard RN, Li J, Schlegel HB, Nguyen HM. Stereoselective 1,2- cis Furanosylations Catalyzed by Phenanthroline. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:7441-7456. [PMID: 35413194 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Stereoselective formation of the 1,2-cis furanosidic linkage, a motif of many biologically relevant oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, remains an important synthetic challenge. We herein report a new stereoselective 1,2-cis furanosylation method promoted by phenanthroline catalysts under mild and operationally simple conditions. NMR experiments and density functional theory calculations support an associative mechanism in which the rate-determining step occurs from an inverted displacement of the faster-reacting phenanthrolinium ion intermediate with an alcohol nucleophile. The phenanthroline catalysis system is applicable to a number of furanosyl bromide donors to provide the challenging 1,2-cis substitution products in good yield with high anomeric selectivities. While arabinofuranosyl bromide provides β-1,2-cis products, xylo- and ribofuranosyl bromides favor α-1,2-cis products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengfu Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Richard N Schaugaard
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Jiayi Li
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - H Bernhard Schlegel
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Hien M Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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2
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Krumb M, Jäger M, Voss A, Immig L, Peters K, Kowalczyk D, Bufe A, Opatz T, Holst O, Vogel C, Peters M. Total Synthesis of a Partial Structure from Arabinogalactan and Its Application for Allergy Prevention. Chemistry 2021; 27:928-933. [PMID: 32579239 PMCID: PMC7821321 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Arabinogalactan, a microheterogeneous polysaccharide occurring in plants, is known for its allergy-protective activity, which could potentially be used for preventive allergy treatment. New treatment options are highly desirable, especially in a preventive manner, due to the constant rise of atopic diseases worldwide. The structural origin of the allergy-protective activity of arabinogalactan is, however, still unclear and isolation of the polysaccharide is not feasible for pharmaceutical applications due to a variation of the activity of the natural product and contaminations with endotoxins. Therefore, a pentasaccharide partial structure was selected for total synthesis and subsequently coupled to a carrier protein to form a neoglycoconjugate. The allergy-protective activity of arabinogalactan could be reproduced with the partial structure in subsequent in vivo experiments. This is the first example of a successful simplification of arabinogalactan with a single partial structure while retaining its allergy-preventive potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Krumb
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg-UniversityDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Maximilian Jäger
- Department of Experimental PneumologyRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Alice Voss
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of RostockAlbert-Einstein-Str. 3a18051RostockGermany
| | - Loreen Immig
- Department of Experimental PneumologyRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Karin Peters
- Department of Experimental PneumologyRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Danuta Kowalczyk
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg-UniversityDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Albrecht Bufe
- Department of Experimental PneumologyRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Till Opatz
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg-UniversityDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Otto Holst
- Division of Structural BiochemistryResearch Center BorstelLeibniz Lung CenterAirway Research Center North (ARCN)Parkallee 1–4023845BorstelGermany
| | - Christian Vogel
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of RostockAlbert-Einstein-Str. 3a18051RostockGermany
| | - Marcus Peters
- Department of Experimental PneumologyRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044801BochumGermany
- Department of Molecular ImmunologyRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044801BochumGermany
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3
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Mayfield AB, Metternich JB, Trotta AH, Jacobsen EN. Stereospecific Furanosylations Catalyzed by Bis-thiourea Hydrogen-Bond Donors. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:4061-4069. [PMID: 32013410 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We report a new method for stereoselective O-furanosylation reactions promoted by a precisely tailored bis-thiourea hydrogen-bond-donor catalyst. Furanosyl donors outfitted with an anomeric dialkylphosphate leaving group undergo substitution with high anomeric selectivity, providing access to the challenging 1,2-cis substitution pattern with a range of alcohol acceptors. A variety of stereochemically distinct, benzyl-protected glycosyl donors were engaged successfully as substrates. Mechanistic studies support a stereospecific mechanism in which rate-determining substitution occurs from a catalyst-donor resting-state complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B Mayfield
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology , Harvard University , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
| | - Jan B Metternich
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology , Harvard University , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
| | - Adam H Trotta
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology , Harvard University , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
| | - Eric N Jacobsen
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology , Harvard University , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
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4
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Wang L, Guo Z. An extensive review of studies on mycobacterium cell wall polysaccharide-related oligosaccharides – part I: Synthetic studies on arabinofuranosyl oligosaccharides. J Carbohydr Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2019.1630839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lizhen Wang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji'nan, China
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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5
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Mishra B, Manmode S, Panda RRA, Hotha S. Expedient Synthesis of a Linear Nonadecaarabinofuranoside of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Cellular Envelope. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bijoyananda Mishra
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research; Dr. Homi Bhabha Road 411008 Pune India
| | - Sujit Manmode
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research; Dr. Homi Bhabha Road 411008 Pune India
| | - Ravi Raja Adhikari Panda
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research; Dr. Homi Bhabha Road 411008 Pune India
| | - Srinivas Hotha
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research; Dr. Homi Bhabha Road 411008 Pune India
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6
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Total synthesis of mycobacterial arabinogalactan containing 92 monosaccharide units. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14851. [PMID: 28300074 PMCID: PMC5357306 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrates are diverse bio-macromolecules with highly complex structures that are involved in numerous biological processes. Well-defined carbohydrates obtained by chemical synthesis are essential to the understanding of their functions. However, synthesis of carbohydrates is greatly hampered by its insufficient efficiency. So far, assembly of long carbohydrate chains remains one of the most challenging tasks for synthetic chemists. Here we describe a highly efficient assembly of a 92-mer polysaccharide by the preactivation-based one-pot glycosylation protocol. Several linear and branched oligosaccharide/polysaccharide fragments ranging from 5-mer to 31-mer in length have been rapidly constructed in one-pot manner, which enables the first total synthesis of a biologically important mycobacterial arabinogalactan through a highly convergent [31+31+30] coupling reaction. Our results show that the preactivation-based one-pot glycosylation protocol may provide access to the construction of long and complicated carbohydrate chains. Due to the vast number of potential isomers, the chemical synthesis of large carbohydrates is challenging. Here the authors report the synthesis of mycobacterial arabinogalactan, a biologically important natural product composed of 92 monosaccharide units, the largest synthetic polysaccharide to date.
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7
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[Au]/[Ag]-catalysed expedient synthesis of branched heneicosafuranosyl arabinogalactan motif of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14019. [PMID: 28120821 PMCID: PMC5288502 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Emergence of multidrug-resistant and extreme-drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTb) can cause serious socioeconomic burdens. Arabinogalactan present on the cellular envelope of MTb is unique and is required for its survival; access to arabinogalactan is essential for understanding the biosynthetic machinery that assembles it. Isolation from Nature is a herculean task and, as a result, chemical synthesis is the most sought after technique. Here we report a convergent synthesis of branched heneicosafuranosyl arabinogalactan (HAG) of MTb. Key furanosylations are performed using [Au]/[Ag] catalysts. The synthesis of HAG is achieved by the repetitive use of three reactions namely 1,2-trans furanoside synthesis by propargyl 1,2-orthoester donors, unmasking of silyl ether, and conversion of n-pentenyl furanosides into 1,2-orthoesters. Synthesis of HAG is achieved in 47 steps (with an overall yield of 0.09%) of which 21 are installation of furanosidic linkages in a stereoselective manner. Arabinogalactan forms parts of the cellular envelope of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, however due to its size chemical synthesis is a massive task. Here the authors report the synthesis of branched heneicosafuranosyl arabinogalactan fragment by repeated use of a Au/Ag-catalysed glycosylation methodology.
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8
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Kononov LO, Fedina KG, Orlova AV, Kondakov NN, Abronina PI, Podvalnyy NM, Chizhov AO. Bimodal concentration-dependent reactivity pattern of a glycosyl donor: Is the solution structure involved? Carbohydr Res 2016; 437:28-35. [PMID: 27883907 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Changes in concentration (0.001-0.1 M) of an arabinofuranosyl donor (1) have been shown to modulate the temperature T at which activation of 1 occurs (from -23 °C to +7 °C), the reaction time (from 1.5 h to 3 days) and the yield of the disaccharide formed (from 14% to 82%). At concentrations exceeding 0.01 M, these parameters, as well as the specific optical rotation of the solution of 1, virtually do not depend on concentration suggesting formation of reacting species (supramers) of glycosyl donor with similar structures, hence reactivities, but considerably different from those formed in more dilute solutions. The found critical concentration (0.01 M) separates two concentration ranges of reaction solutions corresponding to two types of solution structure that are featured by the presence of fundamentally different supramers of glycosyl donor, which have distinct chemical properties. These results allow a fresh look at the problems of reactivity of chemical compounds and selectivity of the reactions in which they participate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid O Kononov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp., 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Ksenia G Fedina
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp., 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anna V Orlova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp., 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Nikolay N Kondakov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp., 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Polina I Abronina
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp., 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Nikita M Podvalnyy
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp., 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander O Chizhov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp., 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
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9
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Synthesis of tri- and tetrasaccharide glycosides of (4S)-4-hydroxy-d-proline relevant to the cell wall O-glycans of green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Rapid synthesis of linear homologous oligoarabinofuranosides related to mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan and a neoglycoconjugate thereof. Carbohydr Res 2016; 431:25-32. [PMID: 27267065 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Rapid and simple synthesis of oligosaccharides related to one of the terminal motifs of mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan is described. An array of homologous linear α(1 → 5)-linked oligoarabinofuranosides with 4-(2-chloroethoxy)phenyl aglycon and selectively unprotected 5-OH group at the non-reducing end was obtained by oligomerization of 3-O-benzoyl β-D-arabinofuranose 1,2,5-orthobenzoate. Subsequent introduction of β(1 → 2)-linked arabinofuranose disaccharide moiety by step-wise glycosylation furnished the target oligosaccharides which were conjugated with bovine serum albumin.
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11
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Synthesis of hexasaccharide fragment of lipoarabonomannan from Mycobacteria: advantages of the benzyl-free approach. Russ Chem Bull 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-015-0992-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Wang L, Feng S, An L, Gu G, Guo Z. Synthetic and Immunological Studies of Mycobacterial Lipoarabinomannan Oligosaccharides and Their Protein Conjugates. J Org Chem 2015; 80:10060-75. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lizhen Wang
- National Glycoengineering
Research Center, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Shaojie Feng
- National Glycoengineering
Research Center, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Lian An
- National Glycoengineering
Research Center, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Guofeng Gu
- National Glycoengineering
Research Center, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- National Glycoengineering
Research Center, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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13
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Islam M, Gayatri G, Hotha S. Influence of Steric Crowding on Diastereoselective Arabinofuranosylations. J Org Chem 2015. [PMID: 26195010 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of arabinofuranosides on the cell surface of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and their significance in controlling disease spurred interest in developing strategies for their diastereoselective synthesis. Mtb uses enzymes to achieve diastereoselectivity through noncovalent interactions. Of the two possible glycosidic linkages, chemically, 1,2-trans linkage is relatively easy to synthesize by taking advantage of neighboring group participation, whereas synthesis of the 1,2-cis linkage is notoriously difficult. In this article, stereochemical effects on the diastereoselectivity of arabinofuranosidation are investigated with thiopyridyl, imidate, and thiotolyl donors as well as differently crowded glycosyl acceptors; subtle differences in the stereochemical environment of the acceptors were observed to alter the diastereoselectivity of the furanoside formation. Results from this endeavor suggest that 1,2-cis arabinofuranosides can be synthesized conveniently by conducting the reaction at lower temperature on sterically demanding and less reactive substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maidul Islam
- †Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune 411 008, India
| | - Gaddamanugu Gayatri
- ‡Centre for Molecular Modelling, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Srinivas Hotha
- †Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune 411 008, India
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14
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The use of O-trifluoroacetyl protection and profound influence of the nature of glycosyl acceptor in benzyl-free arabinofuranosylation. Carbohydr Res 2014; 396:25-36. [PMID: 25079596 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The influence of O-trifluoroacetyl (TFA) groups at different positions of thioglycoside glycosyl donors on stereoselectivity of α-arabinofuranosylation leading to corresponding disaccharides was studied. It was shown that TFA group in thioglycoside glycosyl donors, when combined with 2-O-(triisopropylsilyl) (TIPS) non-participating group, may be regarded as an electron-withdrawing protecting group that may enhance 1,2-cis-selectivity in arabinofuranosylation, the results strongly depending on the nature of glycosyl acceptor. The reactivities of the glycosyl donors were compared with those of a similar thioglycoside with O-pentafluoropropionyl groups and the known phenyl 3,5-O-(di-tert-butylsilylene)-1-thio-α-d-arabinofuranosides with 2-O-TIPS and 2-O-benzyl groups. The 'matching' in the donor-acceptor combination was found to be critical for achieving both high reactivity of glycosyl donor and β-stereoselectivity of arabinofuranosylation. The use of glycosyl donors with TFA and silyl protection may be useful in the realization of the benzyl-free approach to oligoarabinofuranosides with azido group in aglycon-convenient building blocks for the preparation of neoglycoconjugates.
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15
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Abstract
An analog of Mycobacterium tuberculosis lipoarabinomannan (LAM) has been synthesized containing the characteristic structures of all of its three major components; that is, a mannosylated phosphatidylinositol moiety, an oligomannan, and an oligoarabinan. A highly convergent strategy was developed that is applicable to the synthesis of other LAM analogs. The synthetic miniature LAM should be useful for various biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gao
- Department
of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Guochao Liao
- Department
of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Lizhen Wang
- National
Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong
University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- Department
of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
- National
Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong
University, Jinan 250100, China
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16
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Liu QW, Bin HC, Yang JS. β-Arabinofuranosylation using 5-O-(2-quinolinecarbonyl) substituted ethyl thioglycoside donors. Org Lett 2013; 15:3974-7. [PMID: 23879464 DOI: 10.1021/ol401755e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A new β-stereoselective D- and L-arabinofuranosylation method has been developed employing 5-O-(2-quinolinecarbonyl) substituted arabinosyl ethyl thioglycosides as glycosyl donors. The approach allows a wide range of acceptor substrates to be used; the β-selectivity is good-to-excellent. Stereoselective synthesis of a mannose-capped octasaccharide portion from a mycobacterial cell wall polysaccharide was then carried out to demonstrate the utility of this methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang-Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry of Medicinal Natural Products, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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17
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Thadke SA, Mishra B, Hotha S. Facile synthesis of β- and α-arabinofuranosides and application to cell wall motifs of M. tuberculosis. Org Lett 2013; 15:2466-9. [PMID: 23659307 DOI: 10.1021/ol400931p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Propargyl 1,2-orthoesters of arabinose are exploited for the synthesis of 1,2-trans furanosides; easily accessible 1,2-trans ribofuranosides are converted to challenging 1,2-cis-arabinofuranosides by oxidoreduction. Utility of these protocols was demonstrated by the successful synthesis of major structural motifs present in the cell surface of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Key furanosylations were carried out under gold-catalyzed glycosidation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivaji A Thadke
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research , Pune 411 008, India
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18
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Kandasamy J, Hurevich M, Seeberger PH. Automated solid phase synthesis of oligoarabinofuranosides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:4453-5. [PMID: 23370381 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc00042g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Automated solid phase synthesis enables rapid access to the linear and branched arabinofuranoside oligosaccharides. A simple purification step is sufficient to provide the conjugation ready oligosaccharides in good yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeyakumar Kandasamy
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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19
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Abstract
Having access to mild and operationally simple techniques for attaining carbohydrate targets will be necessary to facilitate advancement in biological, medicinal, and pharmacological research. Even with the abundance of elegant reports for generating glycosidic linkages, stereoselective construction of α- and β-oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates is by no means trivial. In an era where expanded awareness of the impact we are having on the environment drives the state-of-the-art, synthetic chemists are tasked with developing cleaner and more efficient reactions for achieving their transformations. This movement imparts the value that prevention of waste is always superior to its treatment or cleanup. This review will highlight recent advancement in this regard by examining strategies that employ transition metal catalysis in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates. These methods are mild and effective for constructing glycosidic bonds with reduced levels of waste through utilization of sub-stoichiometric amounts of transition metals to promote the glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. McKay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Hien M. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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20
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Fedina KG, Abronina PI, Podvalnyy NM, Kondakov NN, Chizhov AO, Torgov VI, Kononov LO. Synthesis of branched arabinofuranose pentasaccharide fragment of mycobacterial arabinans as 2-azidoethyl glycoside. Carbohydr Res 2012; 357:62-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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21
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Concise synthesis of an arabinofuranose hexasaccharide present in the cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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Deng LM, Liu X, Liang XY, Yang JS. Regioselective glycosylation method using partially protected arabino- and galactofuranosyl thioglycosides as key glycosylating substrates and its application to one-pot synthesis of oligofuranoses. J Org Chem 2012; 77:3025-37. [PMID: 22369586 DOI: 10.1021/jo300084g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We describe in this paper the development of a novel regioselective furanosylation methodology using partially protected furanosyl thioglycosides as central glycosylating building blocks and its application in the efficient one-pot synthesis of a series of linear and branched-type arabino- and galactofuranoside fragments structurally related to the cell wall polysaccharides of Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Streptococcus pneumoniae serostype 35A, and sugar beet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Min Deng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting, Ministry of Education, and Department of Chemistry of Medicinal Natural Products, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
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23
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Gadikota RR, Callam CS, Appelmelk BJ, Lowary TL. Synthesis of Oligosaccharide Fragments of Mannosylated Lipoarabinomannan Appropriately Functionalized for Neoglycoconjugate Preparation. J Carbohydr Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1081/car-120021696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher S. Callam
- a Department of Chemistry , Ohio State University , 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus , OH , 43210 , USA
| | - Ben J. Appelmelk
- b Department of Medical Microbiology , Medical School , Vrije University , van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Todd L. Lowary
- a Department of Chemistry , Ohio State University , 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus , OH , 43210 , USA
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24
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Ishiwata A, Ito Y. Synthesis of docosasaccharide arabinan motif of mycobacterial cell wall. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:2275-91. [PMID: 21287985 DOI: 10.1021/ja109932t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterial arabinan is a common constituent of both arabinogalactan (AG) and lipoarabinomannan (LAM). In this study, synthesis of β-Araf containing common arabinan docosasaccharide motif (22 Araf monomer units) of mycobacterial cell wall was achieved. Our synthetic strategy toward arabinan involves (1) the stereoselective β-arabinofuranosylation using both 3,5-O-TIPDS-protected and NAP-protected arabinofuranosyl donors for straightforward intermolecular glycosylation and intramolecular aglycon delivery (IAD), respectively, and (2) the convergent fragment coupling with branched fragments at the linear sequence using thioglycoside donor obtained from the corresponding acetonide at the reducing terminal of each fragment through a three-step procedure. Because the acetonide at the reducing terminal of all fragments would be converted to thioglycoside as the glycosyl donor, and mainly Bn ether protections were used, our strategy will be readily applicable to the synthesis of more complex arabinan, arabinogalactan, and arabinomycolate derived from mycobacterial CWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Ishiwata
- RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
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25
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Vidadala SR, Gayatri G, Sastry GN, Hotha S. Propargyl/methyl furanosides as potential glycosyl donors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:9906-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc13134f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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26
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Tam PH, Lowary TL. Mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan fragments as haptens for potential anti-tuberculosis vaccines. CARBOHYDRATE CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849730891-00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pui-Hang Tam
- Alberta Ingenuity Centre for Carbohydrate Science and Department of Chemistry, The University of Alberta Gunning-Lemieux Chemistry Centre Edmonton AB, T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Todd L. Lowary
- Alberta Ingenuity Centre for Carbohydrate Science and Department of Chemistry, The University of Alberta Gunning-Lemieux Chemistry Centre Edmonton AB, T6G 2G2 Canada
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27
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Liu C, Richards MR, Lowary TL. Probing the Effect of Acylation on Arabinofuranose Ring Conformation in Di- and Trisaccharide Fragments of Mycobacterial Arabinogalactan. J Org Chem 2010; 75:4992-5007. [DOI: 10.1021/jo100575a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunjuan Liu
- Alberta Ingenuity Centre for Carbohydrate Science and Department of Chemistry, The University of Alberta, Gunning-Lemieux Chemistry Centre, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Michele R. Richards
- Alberta Ingenuity Centre for Carbohydrate Science and Department of Chemistry, The University of Alberta, Gunning-Lemieux Chemistry Centre, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Todd L. Lowary
- Alberta Ingenuity Centre for Carbohydrate Science and Department of Chemistry, The University of Alberta, Gunning-Lemieux Chemistry Centre, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2 Canada
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28
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Efficient one-pot syntheses of α-d-arabinofuranosyl tri- and tetrasaccharides present in cell wall polysaccharide of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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29
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Fraser-Reid B, Chaudhuri SR, Jayaprakash KN, Lu J, Ramamurty CVS. Efficient Chemical Synthesis of a Dodecasaccharidyl Lipomannan Component of Mycobacterial Lipoarabinomannan. J Org Chem 2008; 73:9732-43. [DOI: 10.1021/jo802000p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bert Fraser-Reid
- Natural Products and Glycotechnology Research Institute, Inc., 595 F Weathersfield Road, Pittsboro, North Carolina 27312
| | - Siddhartha Ray Chaudhuri
- Natural Products and Glycotechnology Research Institute, Inc., 595 F Weathersfield Road, Pittsboro, North Carolina 27312
| | - K. N. Jayaprakash
- Natural Products and Glycotechnology Research Institute, Inc., 595 F Weathersfield Road, Pittsboro, North Carolina 27312
| | - Jun Lu
- Natural Products and Glycotechnology Research Institute, Inc., 595 F Weathersfield Road, Pittsboro, North Carolina 27312
| | - Changalvala V. S. Ramamurty
- Natural Products and Glycotechnology Research Institute, Inc., 595 F Weathersfield Road, Pittsboro, North Carolina 27312
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30
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Wang Y, Maguire-Boyle S, Dere RT, Zhu X. Synthesis of beta-D-arabinofuranosides: stereochemical differentiation between D- and L-enantiomers. Carbohydr Res 2008; 343:3100-6. [PMID: 18809174 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2008.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2008] [Revised: 08/22/2008] [Accepted: 09/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The glycosylation of 3,5-O-di-tert-butylsilylene-protected d-thioarabinofuranosides with a range of glycosyl acceptors using NIS/AgOTf as promoters proceeded in a stereoselective manner to give the corresponding beta-D-arabinofuranosides in high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxi Wang
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, UCD School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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31
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Kim KS, Fulse DB, Baek JY, Lee BY, Jeon HB. Stereoselective Direct Glycosylation with Anomeric Hydroxy Sugars by Activation with Phthalic Anhydride and Trifluoromethanesulfonic Anhydride Involving Glycosyl Phthalate Intermediates. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:8537-47. [DOI: 10.1021/ja710935z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kwan Soo Kim
- Center for Bioactive Molecular Hybrids and the Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea, and the Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139-701, Korea
| | - Dinanath Baburao Fulse
- Center for Bioactive Molecular Hybrids and the Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea, and the Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139-701, Korea
| | - Ju Yuel Baek
- Center for Bioactive Molecular Hybrids and the Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea, and the Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139-701, Korea
| | - Bo-Young Lee
- Center for Bioactive Molecular Hybrids and the Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea, and the Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139-701, Korea
| | - Heung Bae Jeon
- Center for Bioactive Molecular Hybrids and the Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea, and the Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139-701, Korea
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32
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Gadikota RR, Callam CS, Appelmelk BJ, Lowary TL. Synthesis of Oligosaccharide Fragments of Mannosylated Lipoarabinomannan Appropriately Functionalized for Neoglycoconjugate Preparation. J Carbohydr Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1081/car-120025322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher S. Callam
- a Department of Chemistry , Ohio State University , 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - Ben J. Appelmelk
- b Department of Medical Microbiology , Vrije University, Medical School , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Todd L. Lowary
- a Department of Chemistry , Ohio State University , 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
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33
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Khasnobis S, Zhang J, Angala SK, Amin AG, McNeil MR, Crick DC, Chatterjee D. Characterization of a Specific Arabinosyltransferase Activity Involved in Mycobacterial Arabinan Biosynthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 13:787-95. [PMID: 16873027 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2006.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2006] [Revised: 05/08/2006] [Accepted: 05/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium smegmatis strains that contain inactivated EmbA or EmbB proteins are unable to synthesize terminal Arabeta1-->2Araalpha1-->5(Arabeta1-->2Araalpha1-->3)Araalpha1-->5Araalpha1-->(Ara(6)) motif in the cell wall polysaccharide arabinogalactan. Instead, the mutants contain a linear Arabeta1-->2Araalpha1-->5Araalpha1-->5Araalpha1-->(Ara(4)) motif, suggesting that these proteins are involved in the synthesis or transfer of the disaccharide Arabeta1-->2Araalpha1--> to an internal 5-linked Ara. Therefore, we synthesized a linear Arabeta1-->2Araalpha1-->5Araalpha1-->5Araalpha1-->5Araalpha1--> with an octyl aglycon as an arabinosyl acceptor in cell-free assays. A facile assay was developed using the chemically synthesized glycan, membrane, and particulate cell wall as the enzyme source, and 5-phosphoribose diphosphate pR[(14)C]pp as the arabinose donor. The results unequivocally show that two arabinofuranosyl residues were added at the tertiary -->5Araalpha1--> of the synthetic glycan. This activity was undetectable in strains of M. smegmatis where embB or embA had been genetically disrupted. Normal activity could be restored only in the presence of both EmbA and EmbB proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shampa Khasnobis
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, 80523, USA
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34
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Ishiwata A, Akao H, Ito Y, Sunagawa M, Kusunose N, Kashiwazaki Y. Synthesis and TNF-α inducing activities of mycoloyl-arabinan motif of mycobacterial cell wall components. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:3049-61. [PMID: 16426852 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2005] [Revised: 12/08/2005] [Accepted: 12/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The extract of the cell wall skeleton of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG-CWS) from Mycobacterium bovis is known to be an activator of innate immunity. Synthesis of pentaarabinofuranoside as part of the arabinan moiety of BCG-CWS was achieved by double alpha-arabinofuranosylation followed by double beta-arabinofuranosylation with orthogonally protected donors. Mycolic esters of the arabinan in the terminal lipo-arabinan motif of BCG-CWS were synthesized through alkylation of unprotected mycolic acid with bis- and tetra-tosylates of pentaarabinofuranoside. A series of compounds were subjected to a tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) secretion-inducing assay, disclosing aspects of the structure-activity relationship which should be useful in finding the site of the activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Ishiwata
- RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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35
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Cociorva OM, Lowary TL. 2,3-Anhydrosugars in glycoside bond synthesis. Application to the preparation of C-2 functionalized α-d-arabinofuranosides. Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2003.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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36
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Wang H, Ning J. A one-pot strategy for synthesis of 5-O-(alpha-D-arabinofuranosyl)-6-O-(beta-D-galactofuranosyl)-D-galactofuranose present in motif E of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall. J Org Chem 2003; 68:2521-4. [PMID: 12636432 DOI: 10.1021/jo026325a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
5-O-(Alpha-D-arabinofuranosyl)-6-O-(beta-D-galactofuranosyl)-D-galactofuranose 6 present in motif E of the Macobacterium tuberculosis cell wall has been regio- and stereospecifically synthesized using 3-O-benzoyl-1,2-O-isopropylidine-alpha-D-galactofuranose (10) as the glycosyl acceptor by the trichloroacetamidate method in a one-pot manner. The diol glycosyl acceptor 10 was smoothly derived from 1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-alpha-D-galactofuranose (8) by 3-O-benzoylation and then selective 5,6-O-deacetonation. The preparation of 8 was greatly improved by increasing the ratio of DMF to acetone and using a solid-supported catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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37
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Pathak AK, Pathak V, Gurcha SS, Besra GS, Reynolds RC. Synthesis of an arabinofuranosyl disaccharide photoaffinity probe for arabinosyltransferase activity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:2749-52. [PMID: 12217368 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00536-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
(5-Azidonaphthalene-1-sulfonamidoethyl)-5-O-(alpha-arabinofuranosyl)-alpha-D-arabinofuranoside 1 was synthesized as a photoaffinity probe for the determination of arabinosyl transferase activity and for the identification of binding and functional sites in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish K Pathak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, AL 35255, USA
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38
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First synthesis of methyl α-C-d-arabinofuranosyl-(1→5)-α-d-arabinofuranoside: the C-disaccharide segment of motif C of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tetrahedron Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)01760-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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39
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Kaur D, Lowary TL, Vissa VD, Crick DC, Brennan PJ. Characterization of the epitope of anti-lipoarabinomannan antibodies as the terminal hexaarabinofuranosyl motif of mycobacterial arabinans. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2002; 148:3049-3057. [PMID: 12368438 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-148-10-3049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
mAb CS-35 is representative of a large group of antibodies with similar binding specificities that were generated against the Mycobacterium leprae lipopolysaccharide, lipoarabinomannan (LAM), and which cross-reacted extensively with LAMs from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other mycobacteria. That this antibody also cross-reacts with the arabinogalactan (AG) of the mycobacterial cell wall, suggesting that it recognizes a common arabinofuranosyl (Araf)-containing sequence in AG and LAM, is demonstrated. The antibody reacted more avidly with 'AraLAM' (LAM with naked Araf termini) compared to 'ManLAM' (in which many Araf termini are capped with mannose residues) and mycolylarabinogalactan-peptidoglycan complex (in which the terminal Araf units are substituted with mycolic acids). Neither did the antibody bind to AG from emb knock-out mutants deficient in the branched hexa-Araf termini of AG. These results indicate that the terminal Araf residues of mycobacterial arabinan are essential for binding. Competitive ELISA using synthetic oligosaccharides showed that the branched hexa-Araf methyl glycoside [beta-D-Araf-(1-->2)-alpha-D-Araf-(1-)(2)-(3 and 5)-alpha-D-Araf-(1-->5)-alpha-D-Araf-OCH(3)] was the best competitor among those tested. The related linear methyl glycoside, beta-D-Araf-(1-->2)-alpha-D-Araf-(1-->5)-alpha-D-Araf-(1-->5)-alpha-D-Araf-OCH(3), representing one linear segment of the branched hexa-Araf, was less effective and the other linear tetrasaccharide, beta-D-Araf-(1-->2)-alpha-D-Araf-(1-->3)-alpha-D-Araf-(1-->5)-alpha-D-Araf-OCH(3), was ineffective. The combined results suggest that the minimal epitope recognized by antibody CS-35 encompasses the beta-D-Araf-(1-->2)-alpha-D-Araf-(1-->5)-alpha-D-Araf-(1-->5)-alpha-D-Araf within the branched hexa-Araf motif of mycobacterial arabinans, whether present in LAM or AG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devinder Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1677, USA1
| | - Todd L Lowary
- Department of Chemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1185, USA2
| | - Varalakshmi D Vissa
- Department of Microbiology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1677, USA1
| | - Dean C Crick
- Department of Microbiology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1677, USA1
| | - Patrick J Brennan
- Department of Microbiology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1677, USA1
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40
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Houseknecht JB, Lowary TL. Chemistry and biology of arabinofuranosyl- and galactofuranosyl-containing polysaccharides. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2001; 5:677-82. [PMID: 11738178 DOI: 10.1016/s1367-5931(01)00265-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides containing galactofuranosyl and arabinofuranosyl residues are key components of many microorganisms. Recent investigations have provided a greater understanding of the biosynthetic pathways by which these glycans are assembled. Concomitant with these biochemical studies, an increasing number of chemical syntheses of oligofuranosides have been reported and new methods for their assembly have been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Houseknecht
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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41
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Pathak AK, Pathak V, Maddry JA, Suling WJ, Gurcha SS, Besra GS, Reynolds RC. Studies on alpha(1-->5) linked octyl arabinofuranosyl disaccharides for mycobacterial arabinosyl transferase activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2001; 9:3145-51. [PMID: 11711289 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(01)00180-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The appearance multi-drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) throughout the world has prompted a search for new, safer and more active agents against tuberculosis. Based on studies of the biosynthesis of mycobacterial cell wall polysaccharides, octyl 5-O-(alpha-D-arabinofuranosyl)-alpha-D-arabinofuranoside analogues were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors for M. tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium. A cell free assay system has been used for the evaluation of these disaccharides as substrates for mycobacterial arabinosyltransferase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Pathak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Southern Research Institute, PO Box 55305, Birmingham, AL 35255, USA
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42
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Synthesis of d-arabinofuranosides using propane-1,3-diyl phosphate as the anomeric leaving group. Tetrahedron Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)01327-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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43
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Yin H, Lowary TL. Synthesis of arabinofuranosides via low-temperature activation of thioglycosides. Tetrahedron Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)01133-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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44
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Gurjar MK, Reddy LK, Hotha S. Synthesis of oligosaccharides of motifs D and E of arabinogalactan present in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Org Chem 2001; 66:4657-60. [PMID: 11421788 DOI: 10.1021/jo010180a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Syntheses of the ethyl glycosides of 5-O-(beta-D-galactofuranosyl)-beta-D-galactofuranose and 5-O-(alpha-D-arabinofuranosyl)-6-O-(beta-D-galactofuranosyl)-beta-D-galactofuranose present in motifs D and E of Mycobacterium tuberculosis arabinogalactan, respectively, have been presented. The pentenyl-mediated O-glycosylation reaction was utilized to obtain the disaccharide of motif D. The first coupling reaction to prepare the inner disaccharide portion of motif E was accomplished by trichloroacetamidate method while the installation of the terminal sugar by pentenyl glycosylation approach was successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Gurjar
- National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411 008, India.
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45
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Gurjar MK, Reddy LK, Hotha S. Synthesis of ethyl 5-O-(alpha-D-arabinofuranosyl)-6-O-(beta-D-galactofuranosyl)-beta-D- galactofuranoside present in motif E of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall. Org Lett 2001; 3:321-3. [PMID: 11428004 DOI: 10.1021/ol0002976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[figure: see text] The stereocontrolled synthesis of the trisaccharide ethyl 5-O-(alpha-D-arabinofuranosyl)-6-O-(beta-D-galactofuranosyl)- beta-D-galactofuranoside present in motif E of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Gurjar
- National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411 008, India.
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46
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Pathak AK, Pathak V, Bansal N, Maddry JA, Reynolds RC. Synthesis of a fluorescent arabinofuranosyl disaccharide: a probe for arabinosyltransferase activity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tetrahedron Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)02161-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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47
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Probing furanose ring conformation by gas-phase computational methods: energy profile and structural parameters in methyl beta-D-arabinofuranoside as a function of ring conformation. J Org Chem 2000; 65:4954-63. [PMID: 10956478 DOI: 10.1021/jo000426w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The potential energy surface of methyl beta-D-arabinofuranoside (3) has been studied by ab initio molecular orbital (HF/6-31G) and density functional theory (B3LYP/6-31G) calculations via minimization of the 10 possible envelope conformers. The partial potential energy surface identified that the global minimum and lowest energy northern conformer was E(2). In the HF calculations, (2)E was the most stable southern conformer, while the density functional theory methods identified (4)E as the local minimum in this hemisphere. Additional calculations at higher levels of theory showed that the B3LYP-derived energies of many of the envelope conformers of 3 are dependent upon the basis set used. It has also been demonstrated that B3LYP/6-31+G//B3LYP/6-31G single point energies are essentially the same as those obtained from full geometry optimizations at the B3LYP/6-31+G level. The northern and southern minima of the B3LYP/6-31+G surface are, respectively, the E(2) and (2)E conformers. The B3LYP/6-31G geometries were used to study the relationship between ring conformation and various structural parameters including bond angles, dihedral angles, bond lengths, and interatomic distances.
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