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Clavé G, Reverte M, Vasseur JJ, Smietana M. Modified internucleoside linkages for nuclease-resistant oligonucleotides. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:94-150. [PMID: 34458777 PMCID: PMC8341215 DOI: 10.1039/d0cb00136h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few years, several drugs derived from nucleic acids have been approved for commercialization and many more are in clinical trials. The sensitivity of these molecules to nuclease digestion in vivo implies the need to exploit resistant non-natural nucleotides. Among all the possible modifications, the one concerning the internucleoside linkage is of particular interest. Indeed minor changes to the natural phosphodiester may result in major modifications of the physico-chemical properties of nucleic acids. As this linkage is a key element of nucleic acids' chemical structures, its alteration can strongly modulate the plasma stability, binding properties, solubility, cell penetration and ultimately biological activity of nucleic acids. Over the past few decades, many research groups have provided knowledge about non-natural internucleoside linkage properties and participated in building biologically active nucleic acid derivatives. The recent renewing interest in nucleic acids as drugs, demonstrated by the emergence of new antisense, siRNA, aptamer and cyclic dinucleotide molecules, justifies the review of all these studies in order to provide new perspectives in this field. Thus, in this review we aim at providing the reader insights into modified internucleoside linkages that have been described over the years whose impact on annealing properties and resistance to nucleases have been evaluated in order to assess their potential for biological applications. The syntheses of modified nucleotides as well as the protocols developed for their incorporation within oligonucleotides are described. Given the intended biological applications, the modifications described in the literature that have not been tested for their resistance to nucleases are not reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maeva Reverte
- IBMM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM Montpellier France
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2
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Gołębiewska J, Rachwalak M, Jakubowski T, Romanowska J, Stawinski J. Reaction of Boranephosphonate Diesters with Amines in the Presence of Iodine: The Case for the Intermediacy of H-Phosphonate Derivatives. J Org Chem 2018; 83:5496-5505. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Gołębiewska
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland
| | - Marta Rachwalak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz Jakubowski
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland
| | - Joanna Romanowska
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland
| | - Jacek Stawinski
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland
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3
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Perkins AL, Peterson KL, Beito TG, Flatten KS, Kaufmann SH, Harki DA. Synthesis of a peptide-universal nucleotide antigen: towards next-generation antibodies to detect topoisomerase I-DNA covalent complexes. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 14:4103-9. [PMID: 27113574 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02049b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The topoisomerase (topo) I-DNA covalent complex represents an attractive target for developing diagnostic antibodies to measure responsiveness to drugs. We report a new antigen, peptide , and four murine monoclonal antibodies raised against that exhibit excellent specificity for recognition of in comparison to structurally similar peptides by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Although topo I-DNA complex detection was not achieved in cellular samples by these new antibodies, a new strategy for antigen design is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela L Perkins
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Kevin L Peterson
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St., S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Thomas G Beito
- Monoclonal Antibody Core, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St., S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Karen S Flatten
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St., S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Scott H Kaufmann
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St., S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Daniel A Harki
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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4
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Antisense therapy in neurology. J Pers Med 2013; 3:144-76. [PMID: 25562650 PMCID: PMC4251390 DOI: 10.3390/jpm3030144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antisense therapy is an approach to fighting diseases using short DNA-like molecules called antisense oligonucleotides. Recently, antisense therapy has emerged as an exciting and promising strategy for the treatment of various neurodegenerative and neuromuscular disorders. Previous and ongoing pre-clinical and clinical trials have provided encouraging early results. Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), Huntington’s disease (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy (FCMD), dysferlinopathy (including limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 2B; LGMD2B, Miyoshi myopathy; MM, and distal myopathy with anterior tibial onset; DMAT), and myotonic dystrophy (DM) are all reported to be promising targets for antisense therapy. This paper focuses on the current progress of antisense therapies in neurology.
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5
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Synthesis of nucleoside 5′-boranophosphorothioate derivatives using an H-boranophosphonate monoester as a precursor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:4571-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.05.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Revised: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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6
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Barral K, Priet S, De Michelis C, Sire J, Neyts J, Balzarini J, Canard B, Alvarez K. Synthesis and antiviral activity of boranophosphonate isosteres of AZT and d4T monophosphates. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 45:849-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2009.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2007] [Revised: 10/28/2009] [Accepted: 11/05/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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7
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Higashida R, Oka N, Kawanaka T, Wada T. Nucleoside H-boranophosphonates: a new class of boron-containing nucleotide analogues. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:2466-8. [PMID: 19532858 DOI: 10.1039/b901045a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A study on the synthesis of nucleoside H-boranophosphonates, a new class of nucleotide analogues having a P-->BH(3) and a P-H group, via condensation of the corresponding nucleosides with H-boranophosphonate derivatives is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renpei Higashida
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
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8
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Li P, Sergueeva ZA, Dobrikov M, Shaw BR. Nucleoside and Oligonucleoside Boranophosphates: Chemistry and Properties. Chem Rev 2007; 107:4746-96. [DOI: 10.1021/cr050009p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Chemistry, Box 90346, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346
| | - Zinaida A. Sergueeva
- Department of Chemistry, Box 90346, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346
| | - Mikhail Dobrikov
- Department of Chemistry, Box 90346, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346
| | - Barbara Ramsay Shaw
- Department of Chemistry, Box 90346, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346
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9
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Li P, Xu Z, Liu H, Wennefors CK, Dobrikov MI, Ludwig J, Shaw BR. Synthesis of alpha-P-modified nucleoside diphosphates with ethylenediamine. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 127:16782-3. [PMID: 16316213 DOI: 10.1021/ja055179y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This report describes a one-pot synthesis of alpha-P-borano-, alpha-P-thio-, and alpha-P-seleno-modified nucleoside diphosphate analogues that are otherwise difficult to obtain. The key step involves the intramolecular nucleophilic attack by an amino group in 5 to remove the gamma-phosphate. The absolute configurations of P-diastereomers were confirmed by analysis of their 1H NMR. Affinity studies revealed that the nucleoside boranodiphosphates are potentially useful in antiviral research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346, USA
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10
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Li P, Shaw BR. Synthesis of Nucleoside Boranophosphoramidate Prodrugs Conjugated with Amino Acids. J Org Chem 2005; 70:2171-83. [PMID: 15760202 DOI: 10.1021/jo0481248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[structure: see text] Nucleoside boranophosphates and nucleoside amino acid phosphoramidates have been shown to be potent antiviral and anticancer agents with the potential to act as nucleoside prodrugs. A combination of these two types of compounds results in a boranophosphoramidate linkage between the nucleoside and amino acid. This new class of potential prodrugs is expected to possess advantages conferred by both types of parent compounds. Two approaches, specifically the H-phosphonate and oxathiaphospholane approaches, are described here to synthesize nucleoside boranophosphoramidate prodrugs conjugated with amino acids. The H-phosphonate approach involves a key intermediate, silylated nucleoside amino acid phosphoramidite 6, prepared from a series of reactions starting from nucleoside H-phosphonate in the presence of condensing reagent DPCP. Due to the lengthy procedure and the difficulties in removing DPCP from the final products, we switched to the oxathiaphospholane approach in which the DBU-assisted oxathiaphospholane ring-opening process constituted a key step for the generation of nucleoside amino acid boranophosphoramidates 24. We demonstrate that this key step did not cause any measurable C-racemization of boranophosphorylated amino acids 22. Diastereomers of compounds 24a-f were separated by RP-HPLC. An "adjacent"-type mechanism is proposed to explain the diastereomer ratio in the final products obtained via the oxathiaphospholane approach. A tentative assignment of configuration for the diastereomers was carried out based on the mechanism, molecular modeling, and (1)H NMR. Conclusively, the oxathiaphospholane methodology proved to be more facile and efficient than H-phosphonate chemistry in the preparation of the nucleoside amino acid boranophosphoramidate analogues that are promising as a new type of antiviral prodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Chemistry, Box 90346, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346, USA
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11
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Li P, Shaw BR. Convenient synthesis of nucleoside borane diphosphate analogues: deoxy- and ribonucleoside 5'-P(alpha)-boranodiphosphates. J Org Chem 2004; 69:7051-7. [PMID: 15471452 DOI: 10.1021/jo049094b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The nucleoside boranophosphates, having one of the nonbridging phosphate oxygens substituted with a borane (BH(3)) group, have shown potential therapeutical applications as aptamers, antisense agents, and antiviral prodrugs. An oxathiaphospholane approach, which does not require exocyclic amine protection of the nucleobase, has been successfully developed to efficiently synthesize 5'-P(alpha)-boranodiphosphates of 2'-deoxythymidine, adenosine, guanosine, and uridine. The approach involves a key intermediate, the borane complex of nucleoside 5'-O-1,3,2-oxathiaphospholane 16, that undergoes a ring-opening reaction catalyzed by 1,4-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]-undec-7-ene to form the protected nucleoside 5'-P(alpha)-boranodiphosphate 18. Treatment of 18 with ammonium hydroxide yielded diastereoisomeric mixtures of nucleoside 5'-P(alpha)-boranodiphosphates 5. This oxathiaphospholane approach ensures the availability of nucleoside 5'-P(alpha)-boranodiphosphate analogues needed for antiviral drug research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Chemistry, Box 90346, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346, USA
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12
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Shaw BR, Dobrikov M, Wang X, Wan J, He K, Lin JL, Li P, Rait V, Sergueeva ZA, Sergueev D. Reading, writing, and modulating genetic information with boranophosphate mimics of nucleotides, DNA, and RNA. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2004; 1002:12-29. [PMID: 14751819 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1281.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The P-boranophosphates are efficient and near perfect mimics of natural nucleic acids in permitting reading and writing of genetic information with high yield and accuracy. Substitution of a borane (-BH3) group for oxygen in the phosphate ester bond creates an isoelectronic and isosteric mimic of natural nucleotide phosphate esters found in mononucleotides, i.e., AMP and ATP, and in RNA and DNA polynucleotides. Compared to natural nucleic acids, the boranophosphate RNA and DNA analogs demonstrate increased lipophilicity and resistance to endo- and exonucleases, yet they retain negative charge and similar spatial geometry. Borane groups can readily be introduced into the NTP and dNTP nucleic acid monomer precursors to produce alpha-P-borano nucleoside triphosphate analogs (e.g., NTPalphaB and dNTPalphaB). The NTPalphaB and dNTPalphaB are, in fact, good to excellent substrates for RNA and DNA polymerases, respectively, and allow ready enzymatic synthesis of RNA and DNA with P-boranophosphate linkages. Further, boranophosphate polymer products are good templates for replication, transcription, and gene expression; boronated RNA products are also suitable for reverse transcription to cDNA. Fully substituted boranophosphate DNA can activate the RNase H cleavage of RNA in RNA:DNA hybrids. Moreover, certain dideoxy-NTPalphaB analogs appear to be better substrates for viral reverse transcriptases than the regular ddNTPs, and may offer promising prodrug alternatives in antiviral therapy. These properties make boranophosphates promising candidates for diagnostics; aptamer selection; gene therapy; and antiviral, antisense, and RNAi therapeutics. The boranophosphates constitute a versatile family of phosphate mimics for processing genetic information and modulating gene function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Ramsay Shaw
- Paul M. Gross Chemical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346, USA.
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13
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Baraniak J, Kaczmarek R, Wasilewska E. Synthesis of nucleoside–amino acid conjugates containing boranephosphate, boranephosphorothioate and boranephosphoramidate linkages. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2003.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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14
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Li P, Dobrikov M, Liu H, Shaw BR. Synthesis of acyclothymidine triphosphate and alpha-P-boranotriphosphate and their substrate properties with retroviral reverse transcriptase. Org Lett 2003; 5:2401-3. [PMID: 12841740 DOI: 10.1021/ol034538w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] The first example of an acyclonucleoside alpha-P-boranotriphosphate has been synthesized via a phosphoramidite approach in a one-pot reaction with good yield. The presence of the alpha-P-BH(3) in 5b results in a 9-fold increase in efficiency of incorporation by MMLV retroviral reverse transcriptase relative to non-boronated 5a in pre-steady-state conditions. The preliminary results indicate that acyclonucleoside alpha-P-boranotriphosphates may have promising applications as a probe of enzyme mechanisms and in the design of new antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Chemistry, Box 90346, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346, USA
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Botta M, Piero Stasi L, Mugnaini C, Alcaro S, Corelli F. Synthesis and Conformational Studies of 3'-(2'-Aminoborane-2'-deoxyuridyl)-5'-thymidilyl Hydrogen Phosphate to be Used in the Construction of Oligonucleotide Sequences. HETEROCYCLES 2003. [DOI: 10.3987/com-03-s56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Li P, Shaw BR. Synthesis of nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic boranophosphorothioate, a new type of cyclic nucleotide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2002:2890-1. [PMID: 12478798 DOI: 10.1039/b207350a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first examples of a borane-containing doubly P-modified chiral cyclic nucleoside monophosphate (cNMP), e.g., thymidine and 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine 3',5'-cyclic boranophosphorothioates, have been synthesized; these cNMP analogues with increased lipophilicity could be potential anticancer prodrugs and useful probes for mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Paul M. Gross Chemical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346, USA
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