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Tsukano C, Uchino A, Irie K. Synthesis and applications of symmetric amino acid derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:411-428. [PMID: 37877370 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01379k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Symmetric α-amino acid derivatives can be used for the synthesis of intermolecularly linked peptides such as dimer-type peptides, and modified peptides in which two amino acids are intramolecularly linked. They are also synthetic intermediates for the total synthesis of natural products and functional molecules. These symmetric amino acid derivatives must be prepared based on organic synthesis. It is necessary to develop an optimal synthetic strategy for constructing the target symmetric amino acid derivative. In this review, we will introduce strategies for synthesizing symmetric amino acid derivatives. Additionally, selected applications of these amino acids in the life sciences will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Tsukano
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Ayumi Uchino
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Irie
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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2
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Diaminopimelic acid and its analogues: Synthesis and biological perspective. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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3
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Hsiao YT, Beadle J, Pascoe C, Annadate R, Vederas JC. Decarboxylative Radical Addition to Methylideneoxazolidinones for Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Selectively Protected Diamino Diacids. Org Lett 2021; 23:7270-7273. [PMID: 34491060 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Syntheses of stereochemically pure and selectively protected diamino diacids can be achieved by redox decarboxylation of distal N-hydroxyphthalimide esters of protected aspartic, glutamic or α-aminoadipic acids via radical addition to methylideneoxazolidinones. The products are useful for solid-supported syntheses of robust bioactive carbocyclic peptide analogs. Yields of reactive primary radical addition are superior to those of more stabilized radicals, and the reaction fails if the alkylideneoxazolidinone has a methyl substituent on its terminus (i.e., 13a/13b).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Hsiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2G2
| | - Jonathan Beadle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2G2
| | - Cameron Pascoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2G2
| | - Ritesh Annadate
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2G2
| | - John C Vederas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2G2
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4
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Uchino A, Tsukano C, Imamoto T, Irie K. Synthesis of Alkyl Bridged‐Tris‐α‐Amino Acids as C
3
‐Symmetric and Linear Linkers. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Uchino
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Chihiro Tsukano
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Tsuneo Imamoto
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Chiba University Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Irie
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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5
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Kawamura S, Mukherjee S, Sodeoka M. Recent advances in reactions using diacyl peroxides as sources of O- and C-functional groups. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:2096-2109. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02349c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes recent advances in reactions utilizing diacyl peroxides as O- and C-sources, with examples illustrating how the reactivity of diacyl peroxides in organic reactions can be controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Kawamura
- Catalysis and Integrated Research Group
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science
- Wako
- Japan
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory
| | - Subrata Mukherjee
- Catalysis and Integrated Research Group
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science
- Wako
- Japan
| | - Mikiko Sodeoka
- Catalysis and Integrated Research Group
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science
- Wako
- Japan
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory
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6
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Yasuno Y, Mizutani I, Sueuchi Y, Wakabayashi Y, Yasuo N, Shimamoto K, Shinada T. Catalytic Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Dehydroamino Acid Esters with Biscarbamate Protection and Its Application to the Synthesis of xCT Inhibitors. Chemistry 2019; 25:5145-5148. [PMID: 30746782 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation of dehydroamino acid esters with biscarbamate protection was examined for the first time to prepare optically active amino acids. The new method was successfully applied to the synthesis of new cystine-glutamate exchanger inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Yasuno
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Iho Mizutani
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Yuki Sueuchi
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Yuuka Wakabayashi
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Nozomi Yasuo
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Keiko Shimamoto
- Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, 8-1-1, Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto, 619-0284, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Shinada
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
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7
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Wang T, Fan J, Chen XX, Zhao R, Xu Y, Bierer D, Liu L, Li YM, Shi J, Fang GM. Synthesis of Peptide Disulfide-Bond Mimics by Using Fully Orthogonally Protected Diaminodiacids. Org Lett 2018; 20:6074-6078. [PMID: 30216082 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A new strategy was developed for the synthesis of peptide disulfide-bond mimics using fully orthogonally protected diaminodiacids. This method overcomes the previous problems of heavy-metal contamination and poor compatibility with Fmoc chemistry and provides a practical avenue for the efficient preparation of peptide disulfide-bond mimics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- School of Life Science, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology , Anhui University , Hefei 230601 , P. R. China.,School of Biological and Medical Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , P. R. China
| | - Jian Fan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Xu Chen
- School of Life Science, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology , Anhui University , Hefei 230601 , P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , P. R. China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , P. R. China
| | - Donald Bierer
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Bayer AG , Aprather Weg 18A , 42096 Wuppertal , Germany
| | - Lei Liu
- Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P. R. China
| | - Yi-Ming Li
- School of Biological and Medical Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , P. R. China
| | - Jing Shi
- Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , P. R. China
| | - Ge-Min Fang
- School of Life Science, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology , Anhui University , Hefei 230601 , P. R. China
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8
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Cui Z, Du DM. FeCl2-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Radical Alkylation/Cyclization of Cinnamamides: Access to Dihydroquinolinone and Pyrrolo[1,2-a]indole Analogues. J Org Chem 2018; 83:5149-5159. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Da-Ming Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People’s Republic of China
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9
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Ge L, Li Y, Jian W, Bao H. Alkyl Esterification of Vinylarenes Enabled by Visible-Light-Induced Decarboxylation. Chemistry 2017; 23:11767-11770. [PMID: 28681966 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ge
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology; State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; 155 Yangqiao Road West Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
| | - Yajun Li
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology; State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; 155 Yangqiao Road West Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
| | - Wujun Jian
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology; State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; 155 Yangqiao Road West Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
| | - Hongli Bao
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology; State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; 155 Yangqiao Road West Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
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10
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Chen PT, Lin CK, Tsai CJ, Huang DY, Nien FY, Lin WW, Cheng WC. Expeditious synthesis of enantiopure, orthogonally protected bis-α-amino acids (OPBAAs) and their use in a study of Nod1 stimulation. Chem Asian J 2014; 10:474-82. [PMID: 25504924 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201403173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A convenient approach towards the synthesis of orthogonally protected chiral bis-α-amino acids (OPBAAs) is described. The key transformations include: (1) a highly stereoselective conjugation (alkylation) of the Schöllkopf bis-lactim ethers and oxazolidinyl alkyl halides to build a backbone skeleton; and (2) our orthogonal protection strategy. A series of enantiopure OPBAAs bearing a variety of alkyl chain as a spacer; two stereogenic centers; and three protecting groups were prepared as examples. These versatile molecules were applied to the synthesis of biologically interesting di- or tri-peptide analogues, including chiral iE-meso-DAP and A-iE-meso-DAP, for the study of Nod1 activation in the innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Ting Chen
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Road Sec. 2, Nankang District, Taipei, 11529 (Taiwan), Fax: (+886) 2-27899931
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11
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Zheng X, Lv L, Lu S, Wang W, Li Z. Benzannulation of Indoles to Carbazoles and Its Applications for Syntheses of Carbazole Alkaloids. Org Lett 2014; 16:5156-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol5025053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Leiyang Lv
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Shenglin Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Wenxiao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Zhiping Li
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
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12
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Saito Y, Yoshimura Y, Wakamatsu H, Takahata H. A facile synthesis of fully protected meso-diaminopimelic acid (DAP) and its application to the preparation of lipophilic N-acyl iE-DAP. Molecules 2013; 18:1162-73. [PMID: 23325104 PMCID: PMC6270281 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18011162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of beneficial protected meso-DAP 9 by cross metathesis of the Garner aldehyde-derived vinyl glycine 1b with protected allyl glycine 2 in the presence of Grubbs second-generation catalyst was performed. Preparation of lipophilic N-acyl iE-DAP as potent agonists of NOD 1-mediated immune response from 9 is described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hiroki Takahata
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel./Fax: +81-22-727-0144
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13
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Fujimoto Y, Pradipta AR, Inohara N, Fukase K. Peptidoglycan as Nod1 ligand; fragment structures in the environment, chemical synthesis, and their innate immunostimulation. Nat Prod Rep 2012; 29:568-79. [PMID: 22370813 DOI: 10.1039/c2np00091a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2011. This review focuses on the recent revealing of the immunostimulatory bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan (PGN) fragments as Nod1 ligands, especially a newly developed chemical synthesis of the partial structures, fragment structures in the environment and bacterial supernatant, and the immunostimulatory activities of the Nod1 ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Fujimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama 1-1, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
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14
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Ross AC, McKinnie SMK, Vederas JC. The Synthesis of Active and Stable Diaminopimelate Analogues of the Lantibiotic Peptide Lactocin S. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:2008-11. [DOI: 10.1021/ja211088m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avena C. Ross
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Shaun M. K. McKinnie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - John C. Vederas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
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15
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Movassaghi M, Ahmad OK, Lathrop SP. Directed heterodimerization: stereocontrolled assembly via solvent-caged unsymmetrical diazene fragmentation. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:13002-5. [PMID: 21761893 PMCID: PMC3157567 DOI: 10.1021/ja2057852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A general strategy for the directed and stereocontrolled assembly of carbon-carbon linked heterodimeric hexahydropyrroloindoles is described. The stepwise union of complex amines in the form of mixed diazenes followed by photoexpulsion of dinitrogen in a solvent cage provides completely guided assembly at challenging C(sp(3))-C(sp(3)) and C(sp(3))-C(sp(2)) connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Movassaghi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
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16
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Kolundzic F, Noshi MN, Tjandra M, Movassaghi M, Miller SJ. Chemoselective and enantioselective oxidation of indoles employing aspartyl peptide catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:9104-11. [PMID: 21539386 DOI: 10.1021/ja202706g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic enantioselective indole oxidation is a process of particular relevance to the chemistry of complex alkaloids, as it has been implicated in their biosynthesis. In the context of synthetic methodology, catalytic enantioselective indole oxidation allows a rapid and biomimetic entry into several classes of alkaloid natural products. Despite this potentially high utility in the total synthesis, reports of catalytic enantioselective indole oxidation remain sparse. Here we report a highly chemoselective catalytic system for the indole oxidation that delivers 3-hydroxy-indolenines with good chemical yields and moderate to high levels of enantio- and diastereoselectivity (up to 95:5 er and up to 92:8 dr). These results represent, to our knowledge, the most selective values yet reported in the literature for catalytic asymmetric indole oxidation. Furthermore, the utility of enantioenriched hydroxy-indolenines in stereospecific rearrangements is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Kolundzic
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, USA
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17
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Fujimoto Y, Fukase K. Structures, synthesis, and human Nod1 stimulation of immunostimulatory bacterial peptidoglycan fragments in the environment. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:518-525. [PMID: 21341753 DOI: 10.1021/np100795d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria release immunostimulatory compounds to the environment, and one of the stimulants is the ligand of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain protein 1 (Nod1), an intracellular protein involved in the recognition of the bacterial component peptidoglycans having a diaminopimelic acid (DAP) structure. The polymorphisms of Nod1 have been linked to several inflammatory diseases and allergies that are strongly affected by environmental factors. The present paper summarizes recent results on the isolation and structural elucidation of natural human Nod1 (hNod1) ligands from the Escherichia coli (E. coli) K-12 culture supernatant, the first chemical synthesis of these natural ligands and related PGN fragments structures, and the hNod1 stimulatory activities of the chemically synthesized DAP-type PGN fragments. For structural characterization studies, the 7-(diethylamino)coumarin-3-carbonyl (DEAC) labeling method was also used to enhance the sensitivity in mass spectrometry studies, in order to observe PGN fragments in a comprehensive manner. The results suggest that DAP-containing bacteria release certain hNod1 ligands to the environment and that these ligands accumulate in the environment and regulate the immune system through Nod1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Fujimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama 1-1, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
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19
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Kawasaki A, Karasudani Y, Otsuka Y, Hasegawa M, Inohara N, Fujimoto Y, Fukase K. Synthesis of diaminopimelic acid containing peptidoglycan fragments and tracheal cytotoxin (TCT) and investigation of their biological functions. Chemistry 2009; 14:10318-30. [PMID: 18830984 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200801121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan (PGN) is a potent immunostimulator and immune adjuvant. The PGN of Gram-negative bacteria and some Gram-positive bacteria contain meso-diaminopimelic acid (meso-DAP), and we have recently shown that the intracellular protein Nod1 is a PGN receptor and recognizes DAP-containing peptides. In this study, we achieved the synthesis of DAP-containing PGN fragments, including the first chemical synthesis of tracheal cytotoxin (TCT), GlcNAc-(beta1-4)-(anhydro)MurNAc-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-meso-DAP-D-Ala, and a repeating-unit of DAP-type PGN, GlcNAc-(beta1-4)-MurNAc-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-meso-DAP-D-Ala. For the synthesis of PGN fragments, we first established a new synthetic method for an orthogonally protected meso-DAP derivative, and then we constructed the glycopeptide structures. The ability of these fragments to stimulate human Nod1, as well as differences in Nod1 recognition of the variety of synthesized ligand structures were examined. The results showed that the substitution of the N terminus of iE-DAP is necessary for stronger Nod1 recognition, but the structure of the substituent seems not to be strictly recognized. The importance of the carboxyl group at the 2-position of DAP for human Nod1 stimulation was also shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Kawasaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
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20
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Spantulescu MD, Boudreau MA, Vederas JC. Retention of Configuration in Photolytic Decarboxylation of Peresters to Form Chiral Acetals and Ethers. Org Lett 2008; 11:645-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ol802745n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc A. Boudreau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - John C. Vederas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
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21
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Jakobsche C, Peris G, Miller S. Functional Analysis of an Aspartate-Based Epoxidation Catalyst with Amide-to-Alkene Peptidomimetic Catalyst Analogues. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200802223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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22
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Jakobsche CE, Peris G, Miller SJ. Functional analysis of an aspartate-based epoxidation catalyst with amide-to-alkene peptidomimetic catalyst analogues. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:6707-11. [PMID: 18646230 PMCID: PMC3479438 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200802223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles E. Jakobsche
- Department of Chemistry Yale University 225 Prospect Street New Haven, CT 06520-4900 USA
| | - Gorka Peris
- Department of Chemistry Yale University 225 Prospect Street New Haven, CT 06520-4900 USA
| | - Scott J. Miller
- Department of Chemistry Yale University 225 Prospect Street New Haven, CT 06520-4900 USA
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23
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Martin NI, Woodward JJ, Winter MB, Beeson WT, Marletta MA. Design and Synthesis of C5 Methylated l-Arginine Analogues as Active Site Probes for Nitric Oxide Synthase. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:12563-70. [PMID: 17892291 DOI: 10.1021/ja0746159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The role of nitric oxide (NO) as a biological signaling molecule is well established. NO is produced by the nitric oxide synthases (NOSs, EC 1.14.13.39), a class of heme proteins capable of converting l-arginine to NO and l-citrulline. Despite the large body of knowledge associated with the NOSs, mechanistic details relating to the unique oxidative chemistry performed by these enzymes remain to be fully elucidated. Furthermore, a number of disease states are associated with either the over- or underproduction of NO, making the NOS pathway an attractive target for the development of therapeutics. For these reasons, molecular tools capable of providing mechanistic insights into the production of NO and/or the inhibition of the NOSs remain of interest. We report here the stereospecific synthesis and testing of a number of new l-arginine analogues bearing a minimal substitution, methylation at position 5 of the amino acid side chain (such analogues have not been previously reported). The synthetic approach employed a modified photolysis procedure whereby irradiation of the appropriate diacylperoxide precursors at 254 nm gave access to the required unnatural amino acids in good yields. A heme domain construct of the inducible NOS isoform (iNOSheme) was used to assess the binding of each compound to the enzyme active site. The compounds were also investigated as either inhibitors of, or alternate substrates for, the inducible NOS isoform. The results obtained provide new insight into the steric and stereochemical tolerance of the enzyme active site. These findings also further support the role of a conserved active site water molecule previously proposed to be necessary for NOS catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel I Martin
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, and Division of Physical Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, USA
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- Gorka Peris
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, USA
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Xu WZ, Li X, Charpentier PA. In situ ATR-FT-IR study of the thermal decomposition of diethyl peroxydicarbonate in supercritical carbon dioxide. POLYMER 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Diaper CM, Sutherland A, Pillai B, James MNG, Semchuk P, Blanchard JS, Vederas JC. The stereoselective synthesis of aziridine analogues of diaminopimelic acid (DAP) and their interaction with dap epimerase. Org Biomol Chem 2005; 3:4402-11. [PMID: 16327902 DOI: 10.1039/b513409a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aziridine analogues of diaminopimelic acid (DAP) have been prepared stereoselectively for the first time and evaluated as inhibitors of DAP epimerase. (2R,3S,3'S)-3-(3'-Aminopropane)aziridine-2,3'-dicarboxylate was synthesised and shown to be a reversible inhibitor of DAP epimerase with an IC(50) value of 2.88 mM. (2S,4S)- and (2S,4R)-2-(4-Amino-4-carboxybutyl)aziridine-2-carboxylic acid (ll-azi-DAP and dl-azi-DAP ) were made as pure diastereomers, and both were shown to be irreversible inhibitors of DAP epimerase. ll-Azi-DAP selectively binds to Cys-73 of the enzyme active site whereas dl-azi-DAP binds to Cys-217 via attack of sulfhydryl on the methylene of the inhibitor aziridine ring. These observations are consistent with the two base mechanism proposed for the epimerization of ll-DAP and meso-DAP by DAP epimerase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Diaper
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2G2
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Stymiest JL, Mitchell BF, Wong S, Vederas JC. Synthesis of Oxytocin Analogues with Replacement of Sulfur by Carbon Gives Potent Antagonists with Increased Stability. J Org Chem 2005; 70:7799-809. [PMID: 16277299 DOI: 10.1021/jo050539l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[Chemical reaction: See text] The neuropeptide oxytocin 1 controls mammary and uterine smooth muscle contraction. Atosiban 2, an oxytocin antagonist, is used for prevention of preterm labor and premature birth. However, the metabolic lifetimes of such peptide drugs are short because of in vivo degradation. Facile production of oxytocin analogues with varying ring sizes wherein sulfur is replaced by carbon (methylene or methine) could be achieved by standard solid-phase peptide synthesis using olefin-bearing amino acids followed by on-resin ring-closing metathesis (RCM). These were tested for agonistic and antagonistic uteronic activity using myometrial strips taken from nonpregnant female rats. Peptide 8 showed agonistic activity in vitro (EC50= 1.4 x 10(3) +/- 4.4 x 10(2) nM) as compared to 1 (EC50= 7.0 +/- 2.1 nM). Atosiban analogues 17 (pA2= 7.8 +/- 0.1) and 18 (pA2= 8.0 +/- 0.1) showed substantial activity compared to the parent oxytocin antagonist 2 (pA2= 9.9 +/- 0.3). Carba analogue 35 (pA2= 6.1 +/- 0.1) had an agonistic activity over 2 orders of magnitude less than its parent 3 (8.8 +/- 0.5). A comparison of biological stabilities of 1,6-carba analogues of both an agonist 8 and antagonist 18 versus parent peptides 1 and 2 was conducted. The half-lives of peptides 8 and 18 in rat placental tissue were shown (Table 2) to be greatly improved versus their parents oxytocin 1 and atosiban 2, respectively. These results suggest that peptides 8 and 18 and analogues thereof may be important leads into the development of a long-lasting, commercially available therapeutic for initiation of parturition and treatment of preterm labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake L Stymiest
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Formaggio F, Crisma M, Scipionato L, Antonello S, Maran F, Toniolo C. Synthesis and Characterization of a Series of Homooligopeptide Peroxyesters. Org Lett 2004; 6:2753-6. [PMID: 15281761 DOI: 10.1021/ol049028w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A homologous series of stable N(alpha)-phthaloyl peptide peroxyesters based on alpha-aminoisobutyric acid residues was prepared. In each of the six oligomers synthesized, the chain of alpha-amino acids is separated from the peroxyester function by a beta-amino acid. [structure: see text]
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Abstract
[reaction: see text] Photolysis at 254 nm of neat (no solvent) unsymmetrical diacyl peroxides derived from cyclopropane carboxylic acids and l-aspartic acid generates protected beta-cyclopropylalanines in reasonable yields. Orthogonally protected 3-(trans-2-aminocyclopropyl)alanine (21), a key constituent of the antitumor agent belactosin A, as well as protected hypoglycin A (26), a causative agent of Jamaican vomiting sickness, is synthesized by this approach with coupling of the intermediate substituted cyclopropyl radicals proceeding predominantly with retention of configuration (dr >or= 95:5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra P Jain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
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