1
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Highly Diastereoselective Chelation-Controlled 1,3-anti-Allylation of (S)-3-(Methoxymethyl)hexanal Enabled by Hydrate of Scandium Triflate. Symmetry (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sym13030470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
En route to the total synthesis of (+)-Neopeltolide, we explored Lewis acid-assisted diastereoselective allylation of MOM-protected 3-hydroxylhexanal with β-(2,2-diethoxyethyl)-substituted (allyl)tributylstannane. The hydrated form of scandium triflate was found to be essential for attaining high 1,3-anti-diastereoselectivity (d.r. 94:6), while the use of anhydrous catalyst resulted in a modest diastereocontrol (d.r. 76:24). The preferred 1,3-anti-selectivity in this transformation can be rationalized in the framework of the Reetz chelate model of asymmetric induction. The 1,3-anti-configuration of the product was confirmed by its conversion into the known C7-C16 building block of (+)-Neopeltolide. We also report an improved protocol for the synthesis of β-(2,2-diethoxyethyl)-substituted (allyl)tributylstannane, which can be utilized as a cost-efficient bipolar isoprenoid-type C5-building block in the synthesis of natural compounds.
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2
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Zhao X, Kedei N, Michalowski A, Lewin NE, Keck GE, Blumberg PM. Deletion of the C26 Methyl Substituent from the Bryostatin Analogue Merle 23 Has Negligible Impact on Its Biological Profile and Potency. Chembiochem 2018. [PMID: 29517836 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Important strides are being made in understanding the effects of structural features of bryostatin 1, a candidate therapeutic agent for cancer and dementia, in conferring its potency toward protein kinase C and the unique spectrum of biological responses that it induces. A critical pharmacophoric element in bryostatin 1 is the secondary hydroxy group at the C26 position, with a corresponding primary hydroxy group playing an analogous role in binding of phorbol esters to protein kinase C. Herein, we describe the synthesis of a bryostatin homologue in which the C26 hydroxy group is primary, as it is in the phorbol esters, and show that its biological activity is almost indistinguishable from that of the corresponding compound with a secondary hydroxy group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiguang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA
| | - Noemi Kedei
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 37, Room 4048, 37 Convent Drive MSC4255, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4255, USA
| | - Alexandra Michalowski
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 37, Room 4048, 37 Convent Drive MSC4255, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4255, USA
| | - Nancy E Lewin
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 37, Room 4048, 37 Convent Drive MSC4255, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4255, USA
| | - Gary E Keck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA
| | - Peter M Blumberg
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 37, Room 4048, 37 Convent Drive MSC4255, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4255, USA
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3
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Cummins TJ, Kedei N, Czikora A, Lewin NE, Kirk S, Petersen ME, McGowan KM, Chen JQ, Luo X, Johnson RC, Ravichandran S, Blumberg PM, Keck GE. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Fluorescent Bryostatin Analogues. Chembiochem 2018; 19:877-889. [PMID: 29424951 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the cellular distribution of tumor-promoting vs. non-tumor-promoting bryostatin analogues, we synthesized fluorescently labeled variants of two bryostatin derivatives that have previously shown either phorbol ester-like or bryostatin-like biological activity in U937 leukemia cells. These new fluorescent analogues both displayed high affinity for protein kinase C (PKC) binding and retained the basic properties of the parent unlabeled compounds in U937 assays. The fluorescent compounds showed similar patterns of intracellular distribution in cells, however; this argues against an existing hypothesis that various patterns of intracellular distribution are responsible for differences in biological activity. Upon further characterization, the fluorescent compounds revealed a slow rate of cellular uptake; correspondingly, they showed reduced activity for cellular responses that were only transient upon treatment with phorbol ester or bryostatin 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Cummins
- University of Utah, Department of Chemistry, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Noemi Kedei
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 37 Convent Drive, Room 4048, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Agnes Czikora
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 37 Convent Drive, Room 4048, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Nancy E Lewin
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 37 Convent Drive, Room 4048, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sharon Kirk
- University of Utah, Department of Chemistry, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Mark E Petersen
- University of Utah, Department of Chemistry, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Kevin M McGowan
- University of Utah, Department of Chemistry, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Jin-Qiu Chen
- Collaborative Protein Technology Resource, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 37 Convent Drive, Room 1044, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Xiaoling Luo
- Collaborative Protein Technology Resource, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 37 Convent Drive, Room 1044, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Randall C Johnson
- Advanced Biomedical and Computational Sciences Biomedical Informatics, and Data Science (BIDS), Directorate Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Building 430, Miller Drive, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Sarangan Ravichandran
- Advanced Biomedical and Computational Sciences Biomedical Informatics, and Data Science (BIDS), Directorate Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR), Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Building 430, Miller Drive, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Peter M Blumberg
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 37 Convent Drive, Room 4048, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Gary E Keck
- University of Utah, Department of Chemistry, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
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4
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Wender PA, Hardman CT, Ho S, Jeffreys MS, Maclaren JK, Quiroz RV, Ryckbosch SM, Shimizu AJ, Sloane JL, Stevens MC. Scalable synthesis of bryostatin 1 and analogs, adjuvant leads against latent HIV. Science 2017; 358:218-223. [PMID: 29026042 PMCID: PMC5714505 DOI: 10.1126/science.aan7969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Bryostatin 1 is an exceedingly scarce marine-derived natural product that is in clinical development directed at HIV/AIDS eradication, cancer immunotherapy, and the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Despite this unique portfolio of indications, its availability has been limited and variable, thus impeding research and clinical studies. Here, we report a total synthesis of bryostatin 1 that proceeds in 29 total steps (19 in the longest linear sequence, >80% average yield per step), collectively produces grams of material, and can be scaled to meet clinical needs (~20 grams per year). This practical solution to the bryostatin supply problem also opens broad, facile, and efficient access to derivatives and potentially superior analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Wender
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Clayton T Hardman
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Stephen Ho
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Jana K Maclaren
- Stanford Nano Shared Facilities, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ryan V Quiroz
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Akira J Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jack L Sloane
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Matthew C Stevens
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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5
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Padhi B, Reddy GS, Mohapatra DK. Total Synthesis of Tetraketide and Cryptorigidifoliol I via a Sequential Allylation Strategy. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:2788-2796. [PMID: 27933895 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A unified and efficient synthetic route for both tetraketide (1) and cryptorigidifoliol I (2) has been devised successfully from commercially available starting materials in 11 and 17 steps, with 16% and 11% overall yields, respectively. Highlights of the syntheses involved sequential Lewis acid-catalyzed highly regio- and diastereoselective allylations and intramolecular Mitsunobu lactonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birakishore Padhi
- Natural Products Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad 500 007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research , New Delhi 110025, India
| | - G Sudhakar Reddy
- Natural Products Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad 500 007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research , New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Debendra K Mohapatra
- Natural Products Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad 500 007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research , New Delhi 110025, India
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6
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Petersen ME, Kedei N, Lewin NE, Blumberg PM, Keck GE. Replacement of the Bryostatin A- and B-Pyran Rings With Phenyl Rings Leads to Loss of High Affinity Binding With PKC. Tetrahedron Lett 2016; 57:4749-4753. [PMID: 27713589 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We describe a convergent synthesis of a bryostatin analogue in which the natural A- and B-ring pyrans have been replaced by phenyl rings. The new analogue exhibited PMA like behavior in cell assays, but failed to maintain high affinity binding for PKC, despite retaining an unaltered C-ring 'binding domain'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Petersen
- University of Utah, Department of Chemistry, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Noemi Kedei
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255, USA
| | - Nancy E Lewin
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255, USA
| | - Peter M Blumberg
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255, USA
| | - Gary E Keck
- University of Utah, Department of Chemistry, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
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7
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Mears PR, Thomas EJ. Synthesis of C16–C27-fragments of bryostatins modified by 20,20-difluorination. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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8
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Kraft M, Poudel YB, Kedei N, Lewin N, Peach ML, Blumberg PM, Keck GE. Synthesis of a des-B-ring bryostatin analogue leads to an unexpected ring expansion of the bryolactone core. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:13202-8. [PMID: 25207434 PMCID: PMC4183620 DOI: 10.1021/ja5078188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A convergent synthesis of a des-B-ring bryostatin analogue is described. This analogue was found to undergo an unexpected ring expansion of the bryolactone core to generate the corresponding 21-membered macrocycle. The parent analogue and the ring-expanded product both displayed nanomolar binding affinity for PKC. Despite containing A-ring substitution identical to that of bryostatin 1 and displaying bryostatin-like biological function, the des-B-ring analogues displayed a phorbol-like biological function in cells. These studies shed new light on the role of the bryostatin B-ring in conferring bryo-like biological function to bryostatin analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew
B. Kraft
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Yam B. Poudel
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Noemi Kedei
- Laboratory
of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National
Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4255, United States
| | - Nancy
E. Lewin
- Laboratory
of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National
Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4255, United States
| | - Megan L. Peach
- Basic Science Program,
Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Chemical Biology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Peter M. Blumberg
- Laboratory
of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National
Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4255, United States
| | - Gary E. Keck
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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9
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Ruan Q, Zhou L, Breit B. New phosphorus self-assembling ligands for the tandem hydroformylation–Wittig olefination reaction of homoallylic alcohols — A key step for stereoselective pyran synthesis. CATAL COMMUN 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2014.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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10
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Gao L, Lu J, Song Z. Recent efforts to construct the B-ring of bryostatins. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 49:10211-20. [PMID: 24051556 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc45947k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Among macrocyclic natural products, bryostatins have excellent bioactivities and unique structures that make them highly attractive to synthetic chemists. Particularly challenging for the total synthesis of bryostatins is the B-ring, which features a cis-tetrahydropyran containing a geometrically defined exocyclic Z-methyl enoate. Synthetic chemists have recently displayed great prowess in their efforts to construct this ring, and here we summarize the progress towards this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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11
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Barbero A, Diez-Varga A, Pulido FJ. Multicomponent Prins Cyclization from Allylsilyl Alcohols Leading to Dioxaspirodecanes. Org Lett 2013; 15:5234-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol402425u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asunción Barbero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Miguel Delibes, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Alberto Diez-Varga
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Miguel Delibes, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Pulido
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Miguel Delibes, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
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12
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Ogawa Y, Painter PP, Tantillo DJ, Wender PA. Mechanistic and computational studies of exocyclic stereocontrol in the synthesis of bryostatin-like cis-2,6-disubstituted 4-alkylidenetetrahydropyrans by Prins cyclization. J Org Chem 2012; 78:104-15. [PMID: 23121542 DOI: 10.1021/jo301953h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Prins cyclization of syn-β-hydroxy allylsilanes and aldehydes gives cis-2,6-disubstituted 4-alkylidenetetrahydropyrans as sole products in excellent yields regardless of the aldehyde (R″) or syn-β-hydroxy allylsilane substituent (R') used. By reversing the R″ and R' groups, complementary exocyclic stereocontrol can be achieved. When the anti-β-hydroxy allylsilanes are used, the Prins cyclization gives predominantly cis-2,6-disubstituted 4-alkylidenetetrahydropyrans, now with the opposite olefin geometry in excellent yield. The proposed reaction mechanism and the observed stereoselectivity for these processes are supported by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Ogawa
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
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13
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Keck GE, Poudel YB, Rudra A, Stephens JC, Kedei N, Lewin NE, Blumberg PM. Role of the C8 gem-dimethyl group of bryostatin 1 on its unique pattern of biological activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:4084-8. [PMID: 22579485 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The role of the C(8) gem-dimethyl group in the A-ring of bryostatin 1 has been examined through chemical synthesis and biological evaluation of a new analogue. Assays for biological function using U937, K562, and MV4-11 cells as well as the profiles for downregulation of PKC isozymes revealed that the presence of this group is not a critical determinant for the unique pattern of biological activity of bryostatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary E Keck
- University of Utah, Department of Chemistry, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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14
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Trost BM, Frontier AJ, Thiel OR, Yang H, Dong G. Total synthesis of bryostatins: the development of methodology for the atom-economic and stereoselective synthesis of the ring C subunit. Chemistry 2011; 17:9762-76. [PMID: 21793057 PMCID: PMC3437499 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Revised: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Bryostatins, a family of structurally complicated macrolides, exhibit an exceptional range of biological activities. The limited availability and structural complexity of these molecules makes development of an efficient total synthesis particularly important. This article describes our initial efforts towards the total synthesis of bryostatins, in which chemoselective and atom-economical methods for the stereoselective assembly of the ring C subunit were developed. A Pd-catalyzed tandem alkyne-alkyne coupling/6-endo-dig cyclization sequence was explored and successfully pursued in the synthesis of a dihydropyran ring system. Elaboration of this methodology ultimately led to a concise synthesis of the ring C subunit of bryostatins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry M Trost
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080, USA.
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15
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16
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Manaviazar S, Hale KJ. Total synthesis of bryostatin 1: a short route. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:8786-9. [PMID: 21751307 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201101562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Manaviazar
- The School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, UK
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17
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Wender PA, Loy BA, Schrier AJ. Translating Nature's Library: The Bryostatins and Function-Oriented Synthesis. Isr J Chem 2011; 51:453-472. [PMID: 22661768 PMCID: PMC3364006 DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201100020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We review in part our computational, design, synthesis, and biological studies on a remarkable class of compounds and their designed analogs that have led to preclinical candidates for the treatment of cancer, a first-in-class approach to Alzheimer's disease, and a promising strategy to eradicate HIV/AIDS. Because these leads target, in part, protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes, they have therapeutic potential even beyond this striking set of therapeutic indications. This program has given rise to new synthetic methodology and represents an increasingly important direction of synthesis focused on achieving function through synthesis-informed design (function-oriented synthesis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Wender
- Department of Chemistry Department of Chemical and Systems Biology Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Brian A. Loy
- Department of Chemistry Department of Chemical and Systems Biology Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Adam J. Schrier
- Department of Chemistry Department of Chemical and Systems Biology Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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18
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Qi Y, Ma S. The medicinal potential of promising marine macrolides with anticancer activity. ChemMedChem 2011; 6:399-409. [PMID: 21302362 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201000534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Revised: 01/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Marine natural products have become a major source of new chemical entities in the discovery of potential anticancer agents that potently suppress various molecular targets. In particular, the marine macrolides, which include an array of novel biomolecules endowed with outstanding cytotoxic and/or antiproliferative activities, are a prominent class of marine natural products that offer continued promise for breakthroughs in anticancer research. Herein we highlight some recent studies of promising marine macrolides, paying particular attention to their discovery, anticancer activities, mechanisms of action, chemical synthesis, and representative analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunkun Qi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44, West Culture Road, Jinan 250012, PR China
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19
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Abstract
Bryostatin 1 is a marine natural product that is a very promising lead compound because of the potent biological activity it displays against a variety of human disease states. We describe herein the first total synthesis of this agent. The synthetic route adopted is a highly convergent one in which the preformed, heavily functionalized pyran rings A and C are united by "pyran annulation", the TMSOTf-promoted reaction between a hydroxyallylsilane appended to the A-ring fragment and an aldehyde contained in the C-ring fragment, with concomitant formation of the B ring. Further elaborations of the resulting very highly functionalized intermediate include macrolactonization and selective cleavage of just one of five ester linkages present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary E Keck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States.
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20
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Szpilman AM, Carreira EM. Probing the Biology of Natural Products: Molecular Editing by Diverted Total Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:9592-628. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200904761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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21
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Szpilman AM, Carreira EM. Untersuchung der Biologie von Naturstoffen: systematische Strukturvariation durch umgelenkte Totalsynthese. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200904761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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22
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Hale KJ, Manaviazar S. New approaches to the total synthesis of the bryostatin antitumor macrolides. Chem Asian J 2010; 5:704-54. [PMID: 20354984 DOI: 10.1002/asia.200900634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In this Focus Review, we give an overview of various bryostatin total syntheses. We also discuss the synthesis of various bryostatin analogues and their biological activity. Work reviewed includes that of Masamune, Evans, Nishiyama and Yamamura, Hale and Manaviazar, Trost, Wender, Keck, Burke, Thomas, and Krische. Our coverage is primarily for the period 2001-2009, since detailed reviews already exist on bryostatin total synthesis work and biology up to this time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl J Hale
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Queen's Universty Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, UK.
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23
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Keck GE, Poudel YB, Rudra A, Stephens JC, Kedei N, Lewin NE, Peach ML, Blumberg PM. Molecular modeling, total synthesis, and biological evaluations of C9-deoxy bryostatin 1. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:4580-4. [PMID: 20491108 PMCID: PMC3269168 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201001200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gary E. Keck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Rm 2020, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 (USA), Fax: (+1) 801-585-0024
| | - Yam B. Poudel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Rm 2020, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 (USA), Fax: (+1) 801-585-0024
| | - Arnab Rudra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Rm 2020, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 (USA), Fax: (+1) 801-585-0024
| | - Jeffrey C. Stephens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Rm 2020, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 (USA), Fax: (+1) 801-585-0024
| | - Noemi Kedei
- Laboratory for Cancer Biology and Genetics, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 (USA)
| | - Nancy E. Lewin
- Laboratory for Cancer Biology and Genetics, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 (USA)
| | - Megan L. Peach
- Basic Research Program SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702 (USA)
| | - Peter M. Blumberg
- Laboratory for Cancer Biology and Genetics, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 (USA)
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24
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Keck G, Poudel Y, Rudra A, Stephens J, Kedei N, Lewin N, Peach M, Blumberg P. Molecular Modeling, Total Synthesis, and Biological Evaluations of C9-Deoxy Bryostatin 1. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201001200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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25
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Synthesis of tetrahydropyrans and related heterocycles via prins cyclization; extension to aza-prins cyclization. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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26
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Crimmins MT, Zuccarello JL, McDougall PJ, Ellis JM. Enantioselective total synthesis of brevetoxin A: convergent coupling strategy and completion. Chemistry 2009; 15:9235-44. [PMID: 19655349 PMCID: PMC2826122 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200900777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A highly convergent, enantioselective total synthesis of brevetoxin A is reported. The development of a [X+2+X] Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons/cyclodehydration/reductive etherification convergent coupling strategy allowed a unified approach to the synthesis of two advanced tetracyclic fragments from four cyclic ether subunits. The Horner-Wittig coupling of the two tetracyclic fragments provided substrates that were explored for reductive etherification, the success of which delivered a late-stage tetraol intermediate. The tetraol was converted to the natural product through an expeditious selective oxidative process followed by methylenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Crimmins
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Chemistry, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA.
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27
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Axtell AT, Klosin J, Whiteker GT, Cobley CJ, Fox ME, Jackson M, Abboud KA. Bridging Group Effects in Chelating Bis(2,5-diphenylphospholane) Ligands for Rhodium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydroformylation. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om9000583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Khalil A. Abboud
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
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28
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Keck GE, Poudel YB, Welch DS, Kraft MB, Truong AP, Stephens JC, Kedei N, Lewin NE, Blumberg PM. Substitution on the A-ring confers to bryopyran analogues the unique biological activity characteristic of bryostatins and distinct from that of the phorbol esters. Org Lett 2009; 11:593-6. [PMID: 19113896 DOI: 10.1021/ol8027253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A close structural analogue of bryostatin 1, which differs from bryostatin 1 only by the absence of the C(30) carbomethoxy group (on the C(13) enoate of the B-ring), has been prepared by total synthesis. Biological assays reveal a crucial role for substitution in the bryostatin 1 A-ring in conferring those responses which are characteristic of bryostatin 1 and distinct from those observed with PMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary E Keck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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29
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Peng J, Clive DLJ. Asymmetric Synthesis of the ABC-Ring System of the Antitumor Antibiotic MPC1001. J Org Chem 2008; 74:513-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo802344t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianbiao Peng
- Chemistry Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Derrick L. J. Clive
- Chemistry Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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30
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Keck GE, Kraft MB, Truong AP, Li W, Sanchez CC, Kedei N, Lewin NE, Blumberg PM. Convergent assembly of highly potent analogues of bryostatin 1 via pyran annulation: bryostatin look-alikes that mimic phorbol ester function. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:6660-1. [PMID: 18452293 DOI: 10.1021/ja8022169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Highly potent bryostatin analogues which contain the complete bryostatin core structure have been synthesized using a pyran annulation approach as a key strategic element. The A ring pyran was assembled using a pyran annulation reaction between a C1-C8 hydroxy allylsilane and an aldehyde comprising C9-C13. This pyran was transformed to a new hydroxy allylsilane and then coupled with a preformed C ring aldehyde subunit in a second pyran annulation, with concomitant formation of the B ring. This tricyclic intermediate was elaborated to bryostatin analogues which displayed nanomolar to subnanomolar affinity for PKC, but displayed properties indistinguishable from a phorbol ester in a proliferation/attachment assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary E Keck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA.
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31
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Keck GE, Welch DS, Vivian PK. Synthetic studies toward the bryostatins: a substrate-controlled approach to the A-ring. Org Lett 2007; 8:3667-70. [PMID: 16898787 PMCID: PMC2516405 DOI: 10.1021/ol061173h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] The synthesis of a C1-C13 A-ring subunit of bryostatin 1 is detailed. The key features of the approach include the convergent fragment assembly with a highly stereoselective construction of the C7-C8 bond indicated above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary E Keck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, USA.
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33
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Heumann LV, Keck GE. A new construction of 2-alkoxypyrans by an acylation-reductive cyclization sequence. Org Lett 2007; 9:1951-4. [PMID: 17428064 PMCID: PMC2516373 DOI: 10.1021/ol070573h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new convergent synthetic approach to a pyran motif common to many naturally occurring structures is described. In this approach, two fragments are joined by esterification, and a subsequent intramolecular reductive cyclization affords the 2-hydroxypyran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars V Heumann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0850, USA
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34
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Keck GE, Welch DS, Poudel YB. Synthetic Studies Toward Bryostatin 1: Preparation of a C(1)-C(16) Fragment by Pyran Annulation. Tetrahedron Lett 2006; 47:8267-8270. [PMID: 17404602 PMCID: PMC1847416 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.09.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
An expeditious assembly of a C(1)-C(16) subunit of bryostatin 1 is described. A pyran annulation reaction was utilized to form the B-ring by reaction of a hydroxy-allylsilane with a fully elaborated A-ring subunit. This annulation process proceeded with complete diastereoselectivity and in excellent isolated yield despite the presence of potentially sensitive functionality in the A-ring segment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary E Keck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, USA
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35
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Keck GE, Truong AP. Synthetic studies on the bryostatins: synthetic routes to analogues containing the tricyclic macrolactone core. Org Lett 2006; 7:2153-6. [PMID: 15901157 PMCID: PMC1480407 DOI: 10.1021/ol050512o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text]. Synthesis of the first of a projected series of bryostatin analogues has been accomplished in 26 steps and 2.2% overall yield. In this letter, we detail two approaches to the structural core of these tricyclic macrolactone bryostatin analogues. The key features of the route include BITIP-catalyzed asymmetric allylation reactions and Mukaiyama aldol reactions, a chelation-controlled allylation, pyran annulation reactions, and macrolactonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary E Keck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, USA.
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