1
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Choi D, Takahashi N, Maruoka H, Harada S, Nastke A, Gröger H, Nemoto T. Synthetic Study of Dragmacidin E: Enantioselective Construction of the Seven-Membered Ring-Fused Indole Skeleton with Contiguous Stereocenters. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 36701491 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We developed an enantioselective synthetic method of constructing a seven-membered ring-fused indole skeleton with contiguous stereocenters for the synthesis of dragmacidin E. Introduction of chirality at the benzylic position was achieved by Ir-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation. After construction of the tricyclic molecular framework using Pd-catalyzed cascade cyclization, the tetrasubstituted carbon center was created using the Ag nitrene-mediated C-H amination reaction. The developed method provided access to the functionalized seven-membered ring-fused indole skeleton with a hydroxymethyl branch in the tetrasubstituted carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongil Choi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Noa Takahashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Haruka Maruoka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Shingo Harada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Alina Nastke
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Harald Gröger
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Tetsuhiro Nemoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
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2
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Griffith DR, Shoemaker AH. Synthetic Approaches to Non-Tropane, Bridged, Azapolycyclic Ring Systems Containing Seven-Membered Carbocycles. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1707385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis Short Review highlights various synthetic approaches to bridged azabicyclic ring systems containing seven-membered carbocyclic rings. Such ring systems are common to a number of biologically active natural products. The seven-membered ring in such systems is generally formed in one of four ways: 1) cyclization of an acyclic precursor; 2) ring expansion or rearrangement of a different ring size; 3) cycloaddition; and 4) use of a synthetic building block with the seven-membered ring already present. Representative examples of each approach from both total synthesis and methodological studies are discussed, with an emphasis on work publishedin the last twenty years.1 Introduction2 Cyclization Reactions3 Ring Expansions and Rearrangements4 Cycloadditions5 Strategies Involving Seven-Membered Ring Building Blocks6 Conclusion
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3
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Yuan Z, Liu X, Liu C, Zhang Y, Rao Y. Recent Advances in Rapid Synthesis of Non-proteinogenic Amino Acids from Proteinogenic Amino Acids Derivatives via Direct Photo-Mediated C-H Functionalization. Molecules 2020; 25:E5270. [PMID: 33198166 PMCID: PMC7696505 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-proteinogenic amino acids have attracted tremendous interest for their essential applications in the realm of biology and chemistry. Recently, rising C-H functionalization has been considered an alternative powerful method for the direct synthesis of non-proteinogenic amino acids. Meanwhile, photochemistry has become popular for its predominant advantages of mild conditions and conservation of energy. Therefore, C-H functionalization and photochemistry have been merged to synthesize diverse non-proteinogenic amino acids in a mild and environmentally friendly way. In this review, the recent developments in the photo-mediated C-H functionalization of proteinogenic amino acids derivatives for the rapid synthesis of versatile non-proteinogenic amino acids are presented. Moreover, postulated mechanisms are also described wherever needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Z.Y.); (X.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Xuanzhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Z.Y.); (X.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Changmei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Z.Y.); (X.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China;
| | - Yijian Rao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Z.Y.); (X.L.); (C.L.)
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4
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Li BQ, Qiu ZW, Ma AJ, Peng JB, Feng N, Du JY, Pan HP, Zhang XZ, Xu XT. Diastereoselective Synthesis of Cycloheptannelated Indoles via Lewis-Acid-Catalyzed (4 + 3)-Cyclization of Donor–Acceptor Cyclopropanes. Org Lett 2020; 22:1903-1907. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bao Qiong Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, P. R. China
| | - Zong-Wang Qiu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, P. R. China
| | - Ai-Jun Ma
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Bao Peng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, P. R. China
| | - Na Feng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Yuan Du
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, P. R. China
| | - Han-Peng Pan
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Zhi Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Tao Xu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, P. R. China
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5
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Nemoto T, Harada S, Nakajima M. Synthetic Methods for 3,4-Fused Tricyclic Indoles via Indole Ring Formation. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhiro Nemoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Chiba University; I1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku Chiba 260-8675 Japan
- Molecular Chirality Research Center; Chiba University; 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Shingo Harada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Chiba University; I1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku Chiba 260-8675 Japan
| | - Masaya Nakajima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Chiba University; I1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku Chiba 260-8675 Japan
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6
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Nemoto T. Synthesis of 3,4‐Fused Tricyclic Indoles Using 3‐Alkylidene Indolines as Versatile Precursors. CHEM REC 2018; 19:320-332. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhiro Nemoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesChiba University 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku Chiba 260-8675 Japan
- Molecular Chirality Research CenterChiba University 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku Chiba 263-8522 Japan
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Navjeet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
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8
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Inoue N, Nakano SI, Harada S, Hamada Y, Nemoto T. Synthetic Study of Dragmacidin E: Construction of the Core Structure Using Pd-Catalyzed Cascade Cyclization and Rh-Catalyzed Aminoacetoxylation. J Org Chem 2017; 82:2787-2793. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Inoue
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Shun-ichi Nakano
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Shingo Harada
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Hamada
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Nemoto
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
- Molecular
Chirality Research Center, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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9
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Nakano SI, Inoue N, Hamada Y, Nemoto T. Pd-Catalyzed Cascade Cyclization by Intramolecular Heck Insertion of an Allene–Allylic Amination Sequence: Application to the Synthesis of 3,4-Fused Tricyclic Indoles. Org Lett 2015; 17:2622-5. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shun-ichi Nakano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Naoya Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Hamada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Nemoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
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10
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Zhang F, Wang B, Prasad P, Capon RJ, Jia Y. Asymmetric Total Synthesis of (+)-Dragmacidin D Reveals Unexpected Stereocomplexity. Org Lett 2015; 17:1529-32. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fengying Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bin Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Pritesh Prasad
- Institute
for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Robert J. Capon
- Institute
for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yanxing Jia
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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11
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Abstract
Naturally occurring guanidine derivatives frequently display medicinally useful properties. Among them, the higher order pyrrole-imidazole alkaloids, the dragmacidins, the crambescidins/batzelladines, and the saxitoxins/tetradotoxins have stimulated the development of many new synthetic methods over the past decades. We provide here an overview of the syntheses of these cyclic guanidine-containing natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyong Ma
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, U T Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9038, USA
| | - Saptarshi De
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, U T Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9038, USA
| | - Chuo Chen
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, U T Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9038, USA
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12
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Zanwar MR, Kavala V, Gawande SD, Kuo CW, Huang WC, Kuo TS, Huang HN, He CH, Yao CF. FeCl3 Catalyzed Regioselective C-Alkylation of Indolylnitroalkenes with Amino Group Substituted Arenes. J Org Chem 2014; 79:1842-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo4025368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj R. Zanwar
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, 88, Sec. 4, Tingchow Road, Taipei, Taiwan 116, R.O.C
| | - Veerababurao Kavala
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, 88, Sec. 4, Tingchow Road, Taipei, Taiwan 116, R.O.C
| | - Sachin D. Gawande
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, 88, Sec. 4, Tingchow Road, Taipei, Taiwan 116, R.O.C
| | - Chun-Wei Kuo
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, 88, Sec. 4, Tingchow Road, Taipei, Taiwan 116, R.O.C
| | - Wen-Chang Huang
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, 88, Sec. 4, Tingchow Road, Taipei, Taiwan 116, R.O.C
| | - Ting-Shen Kuo
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, 88, Sec. 4, Tingchow Road, Taipei, Taiwan 116, R.O.C
| | - Hsiu-Ni Huang
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, 88, Sec. 4, Tingchow Road, Taipei, Taiwan 116, R.O.C
| | - Chiu-Hui He
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, 88, Sec. 4, Tingchow Road, Taipei, Taiwan 116, R.O.C
| | - Ching-Fa Yao
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, 88, Sec. 4, Tingchow Road, Taipei, Taiwan 116, R.O.C
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13
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Zhong S, Nieger M, Bihlmeier A, Shi M, Bräse S. Asymmetric organocatalytic synthesis of 4,6-bis(1H-indole-3-yl)-piperidine-2 carboxylates. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:3265-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00234b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
An asymmetric synthesis of novel bisindole-piperidine-amino acid hybrids is reported, leading to products with good yields and excellent ees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabilla Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
| | - Martin Nieger
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Angela Bihlmeier
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN)
- D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Min Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics
- D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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14
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Veale CGL, Davies-Coleman MT. Marine Bi-, Bis-, and Trisindole Alkaloids. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2013; 73:1-64. [PMID: 26521648 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-411565-1.00001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This chapter, covering the chemistry literature up until June 2013 and comprising 142 references, records the chemical structures of 130 bi-, bis-, and trisindole alkaloids isolated from a plethora of marine phyla including bacteria, algae, bryozoans, sponges, mollusks, hard corals, and ascidians. While the vast majority of bisindoles have been isolated from marine sponges, biindoles are more commonly found in red algae species than sponges. Trisindoles are far less common than bisindoles in the marine environment and have been limited to two species of sponge and a single species of marine microbe. Antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity dominate the bioactivities explored for selected members of this family of alkaloids. Synthetic approaches to 28 natural products are presented in 33 schemes, and in the absence of any in vivo biosynthetic studies, the putative biosyntheses of eight bisindole metabolites are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clinton G L Veale
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
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15
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Gritsch PJ, Leitner C, Pfaffenbach M, Gaich T. Die Witkop-Cyclisierung: eine photoinduzierte C-H-Aktivierung des Indolsystems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201307391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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Gritsch PJ, Leitner C, Pfaffenbach M, Gaich T. The Witkop Cyclization: A Photoinduced CH Activation of the Indole System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 53:1208-17. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201307391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Hoffmann N. Photochemical reactions of aromatic compounds and the concept of the photon as a traceless reagent. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2013; 11:1613-41. [PMID: 22732723 DOI: 10.1039/c2pp25074h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Electronic excitation significantly changes the reactivity of chemical compounds. Compared to ground state reactions, photochemical reactions considerably enlarge the application spectrum of a particular functional group in organic synthesis. Multistep syntheses may be simplified and perspectives for target oriented synthesis (TOS) and diversity oriented synthesis (DOS) are developed. New compound families become available or may be obtained more easily. In contrast to common chemical reagents, photons don't generate side products resulting from the transformation of a chemical reagent. Therefore, they are considered as a traceless reagent. Consequently, photochemical reactions play a central role in the methodology of sustainable chemistry. This aspect has been recognized since the beginning of the 20th century. As with many other photochemical transformations, photochemical reactions of aromatic, benzene-like compounds illustrate well the advantages in this context. Photochemical cycloadditions of aromatic compounds have been investigated for a long time. Currently, they are applied in various fields of organic synthesis. They are also studied in supramolecular structures. The phenomena of reactivity and stereoselectivity are investigated. During recent years, photochemical electron transfer mediated reactions are particularly focused. Such transformations have likewise been performed with aromatic compounds. Reactivity and selectivity as well as application to organic synthesis are studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Hoffmann
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UMR 7312 CNRS et Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Equipe de Photochimie, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, F-51687 Reims, cedex 02, France.
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18
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Hu W, Qin H, Cui Y, Jia Y. Total Synthesis of (+)- and (−)-Decursivine and (±)-Serotobenine through a Cascade Witkop Photocyclization/Elimination/Addition Sequence: Scope and Mechanistic Insights. Chemistry 2013; 19:3139-47. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201204137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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19
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Feldman KS, Ngernmeesri P. Total Synthesis of (±)-Dragmacidin E: Problems Solved and Lessons Learned. Synlett 2012; 23:1882-1892. [PMID: 24058268 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1290692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
(±)-Dragmacidin E was synthesized in 25 steps from commercially available 7-(benzyloxy)indole. Key transformations in this sponge metabolite's preparation include (a) a Witkop cyclization to establish the bridging indole core, (b) cyclo-dehydrative pyrazinone formation to unite the two indole-bearing components, and (c) late-stage guanidine installation via chemoselective carbonyl activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken S Feldman
- Chemistry Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania USA 16802
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20
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Chen DYK, Youn SW. C-H activation: a complementary tool in the total synthesis of complex natural products. Chemistry 2012; 18:9452-74. [PMID: 22736530 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 451] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The recent advent of transition-metal mediated C-H activation is revolutionizing the synthetic field and gradually infusing a "C-H activation mind-set" in both students and practitioners of organic synthesis. As a powerful testament of this emerging synthetic tool, applications of C-H activation in the context of total synthesis of complex natural products are beginning to blossom. Herein, recently completed total syntheses showcasing creative and ingenious incorporation of C-H activation as a strategic manoeuver are compared with their "non-C-H activation" counterparts, illuminating a new paradigm in strategic synthetic design.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Y-K Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, South Korea.
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21
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Mandal D, Yamaguchi AD, Yamaguchi J, Itami K. Synthesis of Dragmacidin D via Direct C–H Couplings. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:19660-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ja209945x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debashis Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Atsushi D. Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Junichiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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22
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Gooding M, Tudzarova S, Worthington RJ, Kingsbury SR, Rebstock AS, Dube H, Simone MI, Visintin C, Lagos D, Quesada JMF, Laman H, Boshoff C, Williams GH, Stoeber K, Selwood DL. Exploring the Interaction Between siRNA and the SMoC Biomolecule Transporters: Implications for Small Molecule-Mediated Delivery of siRNA. Chem Biol Drug Des 2011; 79:9-21. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2011.01249.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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23
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Abstract
The bis indole sponge alkaloid dragmacidin E was synthesized in racemic form over 25 steps starting from 7-benzhydroxyindole. Key steps include (a) a Witkop cyclization to facilitate construction of the indole-spanning seven-membered ring and (b) a cyclodehydrative pyrazinone synthesis that unites the two indole-containing sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken S Feldman
- Chemistry Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
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24
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Qin H, Xu Z, Cui Y, Jia Y. Total Synthesis of (±)-Decursivine and (±)-Serotobenine: A Witkop Photocyclization/Elimination/O-Michael Addition Cascade Approach. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:4447-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201100495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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25
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Qin H, Xu Z, Cui Y, Jia Y. Total Synthesis of (±)-Decursivine and (±)-Serotobenine: A Witkop Photocyclization/Elimination/O-Michael Addition Cascade Approach. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201100495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Mascal M, Modes KV, Durmus A. Concise Photochemical Synthesis of the Antimalarial Indole Alkaloid Decursivine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:4445-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201006423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Revised: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Mascal M, Modes KV, Durmus A. Concise Photochemical Synthesis of the Antimalarial Indole Alkaloid Decursivine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201006423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Feldman KS, Ngernmeesri P. Dragmacidin E synthesis studies. Preparation of a model heptacyclic core structure. Org Lett 2011; 12:4502-5. [PMID: 20836496 DOI: 10.1021/ol1018008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The conversion of a cycloheptannelated indole platform into the heptacyclic core structure of dragmacidin E proceeded over nine steps. Key sequences include a cyclocondensation to form an intermediate dihydropyrazinone ring and the conversion of a cyclic urea into the cyclic guanidine of the target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken S Feldman
- Chemistry Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Hoffmann
- Laboratoire des Réactions Sélectives et Applications, UMR 6519 CNRS et Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, F-51687 Reims, Cedex 02, France
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Huntley RJ, Funk RL. A strategy for the total synthesis of dragmacidin E. Construction of the core ring system. Org Lett 2007; 8:4775-8. [PMID: 17020300 PMCID: PMC2547343 DOI: 10.1021/ol0617547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] The construction of the dragmacidin core ring system by a route that features the application of a new indole annelation reaction sequence is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond J Huntley
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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Abstract
This review describes recent developments from our laboratory involving the synthesis of the structurally complex, pyrazinone-containing dragmacidin alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil K Garg
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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