1
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Li J, Zhou Y, Luo J, Chen H, Qi H, Zheng H, Zhu G. Controllable Synthesis of Cyclopenta[ b]indolines via Photocatalytic Fluoroalkylative Radical Cyclization Cascade of Ynamides. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38809572 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
A de novo method for direct construction of cyclopenta[b]indolines via a photocatalytic fluoroalkylative radical cyclization cascade of ynamides has been established, which proceeds via a sequence of radical addition, 1,5-HAT, 5-endo-trig cyclization, intramolecular arylation, and oxidative deprotonation. This protocol allows for the controllable assembly of a tricyclic architecture with three contiguous stereocenters, showcasing its high efficiency, compatibility, and regio- and diastereoselectivity for accessing pharmacologically significant fluoroalkylated cyclopenta[b]indolines. It represents one of the very few examples of tetrafunctionalization of alkynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yulu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Jinmin Luo
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Huiqin Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Hangkai Qi
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Hanliang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Gangguo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
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2
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Mandal A, Pal S, Kilbinger AFM. Controlled Ring Opening Metathesis Polymerization of a New Monomer: On Switching the Solvent-Water-Soluble Homopolymers to Degradable Copolymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300218. [PMID: 37435988 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
A new heterocyclic monomer is developed via simple Diels-Alder reaction which is reluctant to polymerize in dichloromethane (DCM) whereas undergoes facile polymerization in tetrahydrofuran with excellent control over molecular weight (Mn ) and dispersities (Đ) using Grubbs' third generation catalyst (G3). The deprotection of the tert-butoxycarbonyl group from the polymeric backbone yielded a water-soluble ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) polymer easily. Moreover, in DCM this new monomer copolymerizes with 2,3-dihydrofuran under catalytic living ROMP conditions to give backbone degradable polymers. All the synthesized polymers are characterized by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. It is believed that this new route to water soluble ROMP homopolymers as well as the cost-effective and environmentally friendly route to degradable copolymers and block-copolymers could find applications in biomedicine in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, CH-1700, Switzerland
| | - Subhajit Pal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, CH-1700, Switzerland
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3
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Pounder A, Neufeld E, Myler P, Tam W. Transition-metal-catalyzed domino reactions of strained bicyclic alkenes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:487-540. [PMID: 37153643 PMCID: PMC10155623 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This review presents a comprehensive overview of transition-metal-catalyzed domino reactions of strained bicyclic alkenes, including both homo- and heterobicyclic alkenes. These compounds are important synthons in organic synthesis, providing an important platform for the construction of biologically/medicinally significant compounds which bear multiple stereocenters. The review has been divided according to the metal used in the reaction. An overview of the substrate scope, reaction conditions, and their potential applications in organic synthesis is discussed. A comprehensive outlook on the reactivity paradigms of homo- and heterobicyclic alkenes is discussed and should shed light on future directions for further development in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Pounder
- Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Eric Neufeld
- Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Peter Myler
- Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - William Tam
- Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
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4
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Ni HQ, Cooper P, Engle KM. Recent advances in palladium-catalyzed (hetero)annulation of C[double bond, length as m-dash]C bonds with ambiphilic organo(pseudo)halides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:7610-7624. [PMID: 34278397 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02836g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Palladium has proven to be effective in catalyzing the (hetero)annulation of C[double bond, length as m-dash]C bonds with ambiphilic organo(pseudo)halides. Through the employment of appropriate ambiphilic coupling partners, efficient annulation of a variety of allenes, 1,3-dienes, strained alkenes, styrenes, and other C[double bond, length as m-dash]C bond variants can be achieved to provide direct access to numerous useful hetero- and carbocyclic scaffolds. In this Feature Article, we summarize palladium-catalyzed (hetero)annulation methods reported since 2005 (spanning just over 15 years) and discuss outstanding challenges in this area of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Qi Ni
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, California, USA.
| | - Phillippa Cooper
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, California, USA.
| | - Keary M Engle
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, California, USA.
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Tao M, Tu Y, Liu Y, Wu H, Liu L, Zhang J. Pd/Xiang-Phos-catalyzed enantioselective intermolecular carboheterofunctionalization under mild conditions. Chem Sci 2020; 11:6283-6288. [PMID: 32953024 PMCID: PMC7473404 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01391a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A mild and practical Pd/Xiang-Phos-catalyzed enantioselective intermolecular carboheterofunctionalization reaction of 2,3-dihydrofurans is developed, leading to various optically active fused furoindolines and tetrahydrofurobenzofurans. The key to this transformation is employing two newly modified N-Me-Xiang-Phos ligands ((S, R S)- N-Me-X4/X5) as chiral ligands under mild conditions. Moreover, this synthetic methodology can be efficiently applied to a variety of complex polysubstituted heterocycles with high chemo-, regio-, and enantio-selectivities via introducing diverse substituents on furan rings, which were hard to access by other routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengna Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes , School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China Normal University , 3663 N. Zhongshan Road , Shanghai 200062 , P. R. China .
| | - Youshao Tu
- College of Chemistry and Life Science , Advanced Institute of Materials Science , Changchun University of Technology , 2055 Yanan Street , Changchun , 130012 , P. R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Chemistry and Life Science , Advanced Institute of Materials Science , Changchun University of Technology , 2055 Yanan Street , Changchun , 130012 , P. R. China
| | - Haihong Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes , School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China Normal University , 3663 N. Zhongshan Road , Shanghai 200062 , P. R. China .
| | - Lu Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes , School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China Normal University , 3663 N. Zhongshan Road , Shanghai 200062 , P. R. China .
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Fudan University , 2005 Songhu Road , Shanghai 200438 , P. R. China .
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , CAS , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , P. R. China
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6
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Capretz Agy A, Rodrigues MT, Zeoly LA, Simoni DA, Coelho F. Palladium-Mediated Oxidative Annulation of δ-Indolyl-α,β-Unsaturated Compounds toward the Synthesis of Cyclopenta[b]indoles and Heterogeneous Hydrogenation To Access Fused Indolines. J Org Chem 2019; 84:5564-5581. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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7
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Zhang Y, Shang T, Li L, He Y, Wen T, Tu Y, Wang S, Lin D. Rh(III)-catalyzed C–H activation-desymmetrization of diazabicycles using enol as directing group: A straightforward approach to difunctionalized cyclopentenes. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.02.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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8
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Santhini PV, Smrithy AS, Irfana Jesin CP, Varughese S, John J, Radhakrishnan KV. Accessing highly functionalized cyclopentanoids via a cascade palladation approach: unprecedented benzylic C-H activation towards cyclopentenoindanes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:2982-2985. [PMID: 29504615 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc09521j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A Pd-catalyzed synthesis of 3,4,5-trisubstituted cyclopentenes from diazabicyclic olefins and o-iodobenzoates has been developed. The hitherto unknown cascade process involves three stages: carbopalladation, oxypalladation and a Tsuji-Trost reaction. We have also developed a facile route involving a novel benzylic C-H activation towards cyclopentenoindane moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Santhini
- Organic Chemistry Section, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram-19, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NIIST, Thiruvananthapuram-19, India
| | - A S Smrithy
- Organic Chemistry Section, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram-19, India.
| | - C P Irfana Jesin
- Organic Chemistry Section, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram-19, India.
| | - Sunil Varughese
- Organic Chemistry Section, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram-19, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NIIST, Thiruvananthapuram-19, India
| | - Jubi John
- Organic Chemistry Section, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram-19, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NIIST, Thiruvananthapuram-19, India
| | - K V Radhakrishnan
- Organic Chemistry Section, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram-19, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NIIST, Thiruvananthapuram-19, India
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9
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Gee YS, Rivinoja DJ, Wales SM, Gardiner MG, Ryan JH, Hyland CJT. Pd-Catalyzed Dearomative [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of 3-Nitroindoles with 2-Vinylcyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxylates. J Org Chem 2017; 82:13517-13529. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Sing Gee
- School
of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Daniel J. Rivinoja
- School
of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Steven M. Wales
- School
of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Michael G. Gardiner
- School
of Physical Sciences - Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - John H. Ryan
- Biomedical
Manufacturing
Program, CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
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10
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Vijayan A, Jumaila CU, Radhakrishnan KV. Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed C−H Activation of O
-Acetyl Ketoximes/N
-Methoxybenzamides toward the Synthesis of Isoquinoline/Isoquinolone-Fused Bicycles. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201700377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ajesh Vijayan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR-NIIST; Thiruvananthapuram 695019 India
- Organic chemistry section; CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology; Thiruvananthapuram 695019 India
| | - Choorappulan Ummu Jumaila
- Organic chemistry section; CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology; Thiruvananthapuram 695019 India
| | - Kokkuvayil Vasu Radhakrishnan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR-NIIST; Thiruvananthapuram 695019 India
- Organic chemistry section; CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology; Thiruvananthapuram 695019 India
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11
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Santhini PV, Nimisha G, John J, Suresh E, Varma RL, Radhakrishnan KV. Pd-Catalyzed oxidative annulation of enamides with diazabicyclic olefins: rapid access to cyclopentene fused 2-pyrrolines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:1848-1851. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc08753a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A catalytic tandem transformation via C–H activation of enamides for the stereoselective synthesis of cyclopentene fused 2-pyrrolines has been realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. V. Santhini
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- New Delhi 110001
- India
- Organic Chemistry Section
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
| | - G. Nimisha
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- New Delhi 110001
- India
- Organic Chemistry Section
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
| | - Jubi John
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- New Delhi 110001
- India
- Organic Chemistry Section
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
| | - E. Suresh
- Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute
- Bhavnagar 364 002
- India
| | - R. Luxmi Varma
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- New Delhi 110001
- India
- Organic Chemistry Section
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
| | - K. V. Radhakrishnan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- New Delhi 110001
- India
- Organic Chemistry Section
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
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12
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Design and synthesis of polycyclic bisindoles via Fischer indolization and ring-closing metathesis as key steps. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.10.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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An easy access to fused chromanones via rhodium catalyzed oxidative coupling of salicylaldehydes with heterobicyclic olefins. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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14
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Petrović M, Occhiato EG. Pentannulation of Heterocycles by Virtue of Precious Metal Catalysis. Chem Asian J 2015; 11:642-59. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201501127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Petrović
- Department of Chemistry “U. Schiff”; University of Florence; Via della Lastruccia 13 I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Ernesto G. Occhiato
- Department of Chemistry “U. Schiff”; University of Florence; Via della Lastruccia 13 I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
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15
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Demerzhan S, Gilbertson SR. Palladium–NHC catalyzed formation of cyclopenta[b]benzofurans and their subsequent modification. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.01.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Chand SS, Saranya S, Preethanuj P, Dhanya BP, Jijy E, Prakash P, Sasidhar BS, Szymoniak J, Santhini PV, Radhakrishnan KV. Trapping the Lewis acid generated transient species from pentafulvene derived diazanorbornenes with ortho-functionalized aryl iodides and aliphatic alcohols. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 12:3045-61. [PMID: 24691752 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00031e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Herein we describe our efforts on the Lewis acid catalyzed stereoselective ring-opening of pentafulvene derived diazabicyclic olefins using various ortho-functionalized aryl iodides such as 2-iodoanilines, 2-iodophenols and 2-iodobenzene thiols to access trans-1,2 disubstituted alkylidenecyclopentenes. The scope of the reaction was also explored with a range of easily available aromatic and aliphatic alcohols. Furthermore, the palladium catalyzed intramolecular Heck cyclization of trans-1,2 disubstituted alkylidenecyclopentenes would provide an easy approach for the synthesis of highly functionalized spiropentacyclic frameworks consisting of a cyclopentene fused to an indoline/benzothiophene and pyrazolidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sarath Chand
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110001, India.
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17
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Hruszkewycz DP, Guard LM, Balcells D, Feldman N, Hazari N, Tilset M. Effect of 2-Substituents on Allyl-Supported Precatalysts for the Suzuki–Miyaura Reaction: Relating Catalytic Efficiency to the Stability of Palladium(I) Bridging Allyl Dimers. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om501250y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Damian P. Hruszkewycz
- The Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States and
| | - Louise M. Guard
- The Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States and
| | - David Balcells
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational
Chemistry (CTCC), Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Nicola Feldman
- The Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States and
| | - Nilay Hazari
- The Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States and
| | - Mats Tilset
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational
Chemistry (CTCC), Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
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18
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Hruszkewycz DP, Balcells D, Guard LM, Hazari N, Tilset M. Insight into the efficiency of cinnamyl-supported precatalysts for the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction: observation of Pd(I) dimers with bridging allyl ligands during catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:7300-16. [PMID: 24824779 DOI: 10.1021/ja412565c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite widespread use of complexes of the type Pd(L)(η(3)-allyl)Cl as precatalysts for cross-coupling, the chemistry of related Pd(I) dimers of the form (μ-allyl)(μ-Cl)Pd2(L)2 has been underexplored. Here, the relationship between the monomeric and the dimeric compounds is investigated using both experiment and theory. We report an efficient synthesis of the Pd(I) dimers (μ-allyl)(μ-Cl)Pd2(IPr)2 (allyl = allyl, crotyl, cinnamyl; IPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene) through activation of Pd(IPr)(η(3)-allyl)Cl type monomers under mildly basic reaction conditions. The catalytic performance of the Pd(II) monomers and their Pd(I) μ-allyl dimer congeners for the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction is compared. We propose that the (μ-allyl)(μ-Cl)Pd2(IPr)2-type dimers are activated for catalysis through disproportionation to Pd(IPr)(η(3)-allyl)Cl and monoligated IPr-Pd(0). The microscopic reverse comproportionation reaction of monomers of the type Pd(IPr)(η(3)-allyl)Cl with IPr-Pd(0) to form Pd(I) dimers is also studied. It is demonstrated that this is a facile process, and Pd(I) dimers are directly observed during catalysis in reactions using Pd(II) precatalysts. In these catalytic reactions, Pd(I) μ-allyl dimer formation is a deleterious process which removes the IPr-Pd(0) active species from the reaction mixture. However, increased sterics at the 1-position of the allyl ligand in the Pd(IPr)(η(3)-crotyl)Cl and Pd(IPr)(η(3)-cinnamyl)Cl precatalysts results in a larger kinetic barrier to comproportionation, which allows more of the active IPr-Pd(0) catalyst to enter the catalytic cycle when these substituted precatalysts are used. Furthermore, we have developed reaction conditions for the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction using Pd(IPr)(η(3)-cinnamyl)Cl which are compatible with mild bases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian P Hruszkewycz
- The Department of Chemistry, Yale University , P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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19
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Jijy E, Prakash P, Shimi M, Pihko PM, Joseph N, Radhakrishnan KV. Rhodium catalyzed oxidative coupling of salicylaldehydes with diazabicyclic olefins: a one pot strategy involving aldehyde C-H cleavage and π-allyl chemistry towards the synthesis of fused ring chromanones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 49:7349-51. [PMID: 23846351 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc43485k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
An efficient one pot strategy for the synthesis of cyclopentene fused chromanone derivatives through the direct oxidative coupling of salicylaldehydes with bicyclic olefins in the presence of a rhodium-copper catalyst system is described. This is the first report on the ring opening-ring closing of bicyclic hydrazines via metal catalyzed oxidative coupling reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Jijy
- Organic Chemistry Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR), Trivandrum 695 019, India
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20
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Zhang Y, Wu Q, Cui S. Rh(iii)-catalyzed C–H activation–desymmetrization of diazabicycles with arenes: facile synthesis of functionalized cyclopentenes. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc52524d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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21
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Ruthenium catalyzed desymmetrization of diazabicyclic olefins to access heteroaryl substituted cyclopentenes through C–H activation of phenylazoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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22
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Prakash P, Jijy E, Aparna P, Viji S, Radhakrishnan K. Rhodium(III) catalyzed synthesis of isoquinolone fused azabicycles through C–H activation of N-pivaloyloxy benzamides. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Rhodium(III)-catalyzed ring-opening of strained olefins through C–H activation of O-acetyl ketoximes: an efficient synthesis of trans-functionalized cyclopentenes and spiro[2.4]heptenes. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.10.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Prakash P, Jijy E, Preethanuj P, Pihko PM, Sarath Chand S, Radhakrishnan KV. Palladium-Catalyzed Skeletal Rearrangement of Spirotricyclic Olefins: A Facile One-Pot Strategy for the Synthesis of a Novel Motif with Cyclopentene Fused to Benzofuran and Pyrazolidine. Chemistry 2013; 19:10473-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Gataullin RR. Advances in the synthesis of cycloalka[b]indoles. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428013020012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Joseph N, Rajan R, John J, Devika NV, Chand SS, Suresh E, Pihko PM, Radhakrishnan KV. An exclusive approach to 3,4-disubstituted cyclopentenes and alkylidene cyclopentenes via the palladium catalyzed ring opening of azabicyclic olefins with aryl halides. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra41504j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Palladium catalyzed reaction of ortho-functionalized aryl iodides with bicyclic hydrazines: facile route toward heteroannulated cyclopentenes and azabicycles. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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28
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Riveira MJ, Mischne MP. One-Pot Organocatalytic Tandem Aldol/Polycyclization Reactions between 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds and α,β,γ,δ-Unsaturated Aldehydes for the Straightforward Assembly of Cyclopenta[b]furan-Type Derivatives: New Insight into the Knoevenagel Reaction. Chemistry 2012; 18:2382-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201103080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Li Y, Nie C, Wang H, Li X, Verpoort F, Duan C. A Highly Efficient Method for the Copper-Catalyzed Selective Synthesis of Diaryl Chalcogenides from Easily Available Chalcogen Sources. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201101121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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