1
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Teng Y, Yu X, Shang D, Wang Z, Rao W. Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Dehydrative Nazarov-type Cyclization of CF 3-Substituted 3-Indolylallyl Alcohols: Divergent Synthesis of 1-Trifluoromethylated Cyclopenta[ b]indoles. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38175524 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
An expedient and efficient synthetic method for the divergent synthesis of 1-trifluoromethylated cyclopenta[b]indoles that relies on Brønsted acid-catalyzed dehydrative Nazarov-type cyclization of CF3-substituted 3-indolylallyl alcohols is described. Two classes of 1-trifluoromethylated cyclopenta[b]indoles can be easily accessed simply by changing the NH-protecting group of indoles. With arylsulfonyl protected 3-indolylallyl alcohols as starting materials, the reaction provided the arylsulfonyl protected 1-trifluoromethylated cyclopenta[b]indoles in good to excellent yields, whereas pivaloyl (Piv) protected substrates led to the formation of NH-free 1-trifluoromethylated cyclolopenta[b]indoles with another alkenyl isomer. This protocol features tunable chemoselectivity, operational simplicity, excellent functional group compatibility, and mild metal-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Teng
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forsest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xiangdong Yu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forsest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Dandan Shang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forsest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zeliang Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forsest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Weidong Rao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forsest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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2
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Cao K, Cui Y, Sun F, Zhang H, Fan J, Ge B, Cao Y, Wang X, Zhu X, Wei Z, Yao Q, Ma J, Wang Y, Meng C, Gao Z. Metabolic engineering and synthetic biology strategies for producing high-value natural pigments in Microalgae. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 68:108236. [PMID: 37586543 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are microorganisms capable of producing bioactive compounds using photosynthesis. Microalgae contain a variety of high value-added natural pigments such as carotenoids, phycobilins, and chlorophylls. These pigments play an important role in many areas such as food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. Natural pigments have a health value that is unmatched by synthetic pigments. However, the current commercial production of natural pigments from microalgae is not able to meet the growing market demand. The use of metabolic engineering and synthetic biological strategies to improve the production performance of microalgal cell factories is essential to promote the large-scale production of high-value pigments from microalgae. This paper reviews the health and economic values, the applications, and the synthesis pathways of microalgal pigments. Overall, this review aims to highlight the latest research progress in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology in constructing engineered strains of microalgae with high-value pigments and the application of CRISPR technology and multi-omics in this context. Finally, we conclude with a discussion on the bottlenecks and challenges of microalgal pigment production and their future development prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China; School of Life Sciences and medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Yulin Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Fengjie Sun
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Georgia Gwinnett College, Lawrenceville, GA 30043, USA
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Jianhua Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Baosheng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Yujiao Cao
- School of Foreign Languages, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255090, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China; School of Life Sciences and medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Zuoxi Wei
- School of Life Sciences and medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Qingshou Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Jinju Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Chunxiao Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Zhengquan Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China.
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3
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Shen ZH, Lu SY, Zheng JY, Zhang XZ, Peng JB, Ma AJ. Studies toward synthesis of the core skeleton of spiroaspertrione A. Front Chem 2022; 10:1022533. [PMID: 36277342 PMCID: PMC9581311 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1022533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioassay-guided isolation of spiroaspertrione A from cultures of Aspergillus sp. TJ23 in 2017 demonstrated potent resensitization of oxacillin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by lowering the oxacillin minimal inhibitory concentration up to 32-fold. To construct this unique spiro[bicyclo[3.2.2]nonane-2,1′-cyclohexane] system, a protocol for ceric ammonium nitrate-induced intramolecular cross-coupling of silyl enolate is disclosed.
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4
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He Y, Suyama TL, Kim H, Glukhov E, Gerwick WH. Discovery of Novel Tyrosinase Inhibitors From Marine Cyanobacteria. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:912621. [PMID: 35910604 PMCID: PMC9329053 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.912621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase, an important oxidase involved in the primary immune response in humans, can sometimes become problematic as it can catalyze undesirable oxidation reactions. Therefore, for decades there has been a strong pharmaceutical interest in the discovery of novel inhibitors of this enzyme. Recent studies have also indicated that tyrosinase inhibitors can potentially be used in the treatment of melanoma cancer. Over the years, many new tyrosinase inhibitors have been discovered from various natural sources; however, marine natural products (MNPs) have contributed only a small number of promising candidates. Therefore, in this study we focused on the discovery of new MNP tyrosinase inhibitors of marine cyanobacterial and algal origins. A colorimetric tyrosinase inhibitory assay was used to screen over 4,500 marine extracts against mushroom tyrosinase (A. bisporus). Our results revealed that scytonemin monomer (ScyM), a pure compound from our compound library and also the monomeric last-step precursor in the biosynthesis of the well-known cyanobacterial sunscreen pigment “scytonemin,” consistently showed the highest tyrosinase inhibitory score. Determination of the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) further indicated that ScyM is more potent than the commonly used commercial inhibitor standard “kojic acid” (KA; IC50 of ScyM: 4.90 μM vs. IC50 of KA: 11.31 μM). After a scaled-up chemical synthesis of ScyM as well as its O-methyl analog (ScyM-OMe), we conducted a series of follow-up studies on their structures, inhibitory properties, and mode of inhibition. Our results supported ScyM as the second case ever of a novel tyrosinase inhibitory compound based on a marine cyanobacterial natural product. The excellent in vitro performance of ScyM makes it a promising candidate for applications such as a skin-whitening agent or an adjuvant therapy for melanoma cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan He
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Yifan He,
| | - Takashi L. Suyama
- Department of Chemistry and Forensic Science, Waynesburg University, Waynesburg, PA, United States
- Takashi L. Suyama,
| | - Hyunwoo Kim
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Evgenia Glukhov
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - William H. Gerwick
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- William H. Gerwick,
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5
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Sen S, Mallick N. Scytonemin: Unravelling major progress and prospects. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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6
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Tajuddeen N, Bringmann G. N, C-Coupled naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids: a versatile new class of axially chiral natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 38:2154-2186. [PMID: 34212956 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00020a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to April 2021During the past decades, a plethora of natural products with restricted rotation about a biaryl axis have been discovered, among them the naphthylisoquinoline (NIQ) alkaloids, mostly C,C-coupled and having remarkable bioactivities. Within this fascinating class of naturally occurring biaryl compounds, NIQ alkaloids bearing an N,C-heterobiaryl axis have attracted particular attention. They are structurally and biosynthetically unprecedented, with interesting stereochemical implications and biological activities. In contrast to existing articles and reviews about axially chiral - yet C,C-coupled - natural products, this is the first, comprehensive review on the new subclass of N,C-coupled NIQs, their isolation and structural elucidation, their N,C-axial chirality, their biosynthetic origin, their promising antiparasitic and antileukemic activities, and their total synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Tajuddeen
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Gerhard Bringmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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7
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Chen W, Liu Q. Recent Advances in the Oxidative Coupling Reaction of Enol Derivatives. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202104058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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8
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Brønsted acid promoted C–C bond formation between indolylmethyl electrophiles and ketene dithioacetals: Diastereoselective synthesis of highly functionalized cyclopenta[b]indoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Capretz Agy A, Rodrigues MT, Zeoly LA, Simoni DA, Coelho F. Palladium-Mediated Oxidative Annulation of δ-Indolyl-α,β-Unsaturated Compounds toward the Synthesis of Cyclopenta[b]indoles and Heterogeneous Hydrogenation To Access Fused Indolines. J Org Chem 2019; 84:5564-5581. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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10
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Mikušek J, Jansa P, Jagtap PR, Vašíček T, Císařová I, Matoušová E. Enantioselective Synthesis of All-Carbon Quaternary Centers Structurally Related to Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids. Chemistry 2018; 24:10069-10072. [PMID: 29775495 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Enantioselective synthesis of all-carbon quaternary centers remains a considerable challenge for synthetic organic chemists. Here, we report a two-step protocol to synthesize such centers including tandem cyclization/Suzuki cross-coupling followed by halocarbocyclization. During this process, two rings, three new C-C bonds and a stereochemically defined all-carbon quaternary center are formed. The absolute configuration of this center is controlled by the stereochemistry of the adjacent stereocenter, which derives from an appropriate enantioenriched starting material. Using this method, we synthesized polycyclic compounds structurally similar to Amaryllidaceae alkaloids in high enantiomeric excesses. Because these products resemble naturally occurring compounds, our protocol can be used to synthesize various potentially bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Mikušek
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Praha, 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Jansa
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Praha, 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Pratap R Jagtap
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Praha, 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Vašíček
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Praha, 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Císařová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Praha, 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Matoušová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Praha, 128 43, Czech Republic
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11
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Vivekanand T, Satpathi B, Bankar SK, Ramasastry SSV. Recent metal-catalysed approaches for the synthesis of cyclopenta[ b]indoles. RSC Adv 2018; 8:18576-18588. [PMID: 35541103 PMCID: PMC9080641 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03480j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The cyclopenta[b]indole scaffold is ubiquitously present in several bioactive natural products and pharmaceutically interesting compounds. Of the numerous methods known for the synthesis of cyclopenta-fused indoles, this review highlights only the metal-catalysed approaches reported from the year 2015 onwards. This review encompasses our own efforts leading to the synthesis of cyclopentannulated indoles, in addition to the seminal contributions of several other researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thavaraj Vivekanand
- Organic Synthesis and Catalysis Lab, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali Knowledge City, Sector 81, S. A. S. Nagar Manauli PO Punjab 140306 India http://14.139.227.202/faculty/sastry/
| | - Bishnupada Satpathi
- Organic Synthesis and Catalysis Lab, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali Knowledge City, Sector 81, S. A. S. Nagar Manauli PO Punjab 140306 India http://14.139.227.202/faculty/sastry/
| | - Siddheshwar K Bankar
- Organic Synthesis and Catalysis Lab, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali Knowledge City, Sector 81, S. A. S. Nagar Manauli PO Punjab 140306 India http://14.139.227.202/faculty/sastry/
| | - S S V Ramasastry
- Organic Synthesis and Catalysis Lab, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali Knowledge City, Sector 81, S. A. S. Nagar Manauli PO Punjab 140306 India http://14.139.227.202/faculty/sastry/
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12
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Robinson EE, Thomson RJ. A Strategy for the Convergent and Stereoselective Assembly of Polycyclic Molecules. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:1956-1965. [PMID: 29309727 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b13234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The stereoselective oxidative coupling of cyclic ketones via silyl bis-enol ethers followed by ring-closing metathesis is shown to be a general and powerful reaction sequence for the preparation of diverse polycyclic scaffolds from simple precursors. The modular strategy successfully constructs substructures prevalent in numerous bioactive natural product families, varying in substitution and carbocyclic composition. Several of the prepared compounds were shown to possess potent cytotoxic activity against a panel of tumor cell lines. The utility of this strategy was further demonstrated by a concise and highly convergent 17-step formal synthesis of the complex antimalarial marine diterpene, (+)-7,20-diisocyanoadociane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Regan J Thomson
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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13
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Abe T, Morita T, Yamada K. Radical Cyclizations of Aryl Bromides for Synthesis of Cyclopenta[b]indoles from Vince Lactam. HETEROCYCLES 2018. [DOI: 10.3987/com-17-s(t)15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Varnali T. A comparison of scytonemin and its carbon analogue in terms of antioxidant properties through free radical mechanisms and conformational analysis: a DFT investigation. J Mol Model 2016; 22:213. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-016-3094-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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15
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Santos MS, Fernandes DC, Rodrigues MT, Regiani T, Andricopulo AD, Ruiz ALTG, Vendramini-Costa DB, de Carvalho JE, Eberlin MN, Coelho F. Diastereoselective Synthesis of Biologically Active Cyclopenta[b]indoles. J Org Chem 2016; 81:6626-39. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniara C. Fernandes
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo, Campus Matão, 15991-502 Matão, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Adriano D. Andricopulo
- Laboratório
de Química Medicinal e Computacional, Instituto de Física da USP − São Carlos, 13563-120 São
Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia T. G. Ruiz
- Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas
e Agrícolas, UNICAMP, PO Box 6171, 13083-970 Paulínia, SP, Brazil
| | - Débora B. Vendramini-Costa
- Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas
e Agrícolas, UNICAMP, PO Box 6171, 13083-970 Paulínia, SP, Brazil
| | - João E. de Carvalho
- Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas
e Agrícolas, UNICAMP, PO Box 6171, 13083-970 Paulínia, SP, Brazil
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16
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McNulty J, Keskar K, Jenkins HA, Werstiuk NH, Bordón C, Yolken R, Jones-Brando L. Synthesis of the cyanobacterial metabolite nostodione A, structural studies and potent antiparasitic activity against Toxoplasma gondii. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 13:10015-24. [PMID: 26291306 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01506e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A total synthesis of the cyanobacterial natural product nostodione A is reported involving a convergent, diversity-oriented route, enabling the assembly of a mini-library of structural analogues. The first single crystal X-ray structural determination on a member of this series is reported along with SAR studies identifying potent inhibitors of invasion and replication of the parasitic protozoan Toxoplasma gondii.
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Affiliation(s)
- James McNulty
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, CanadaL8S 4M1.
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17
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Ekebergh A, Lingblom C, Sandin P, Wennerås C, Mårtensson J. Exploring a cascade Heck-Suzuki reaction based route to kinase inhibitors using design of experiments. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:3382-92. [PMID: 25658776 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02694b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Design of Experiments (DoE) has been used to optimize a diversity oriented palladium catalyzed cascade Heck-Suzuki reaction for the construction of 3-alkenyl substituted cyclopenta[b]indole compounds. The obtained DoE model revealed a reaction highly dependent on the ligand. Guided by the model, an optimal ligand was chosen that selectively delivered the desired products in high yields. The conditions were applicable with a variety of boronic acids and were used to synthesize a library of 3-alkenyl derivatized compounds. Focusing on inhibition of kinases relevant for combating melanoma, the library was used in an initial structure-activity survey. In line with the observed kinase inhibition, cellular studies revealed one of the more promising derivatives to inhibit cell proliferation via an apoptotic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Ekebergh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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18
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Mukai C, Arima K, Hirata S, Yasuda S. Synthesis of a carbon analogue of scytonemin. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2015; 63:273-7. [PMID: 25832021 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c14-00838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a carbon analogue of scytonemin was accomplished on the basis of molybdenum-mediated intramolecular double Pauson-Khand type reaction of bis(allenyne), followed by the double aldol condensation of the formed double Pauson-Khand type adduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Mukai
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University
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19
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Ekebergh A, Sandin P, Mårtensson J. On the photostability of scytonemin, analogues thereof and their monomeric counterparts. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2015; 14:2179-86. [DOI: 10.1039/c5pp00215j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Observation of unexpectedly rapid photodegradation of the cyanobacterial UV-screener scytoneminin vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Ekebergh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Organic and Physical Chemistry
- Chalmers University of Technology
- SE-412 96 Gothenburg
- Sweden
| | - Peter Sandin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Organic and Physical Chemistry
- Chalmers University of Technology
- SE-412 96 Gothenburg
- Sweden
| | - Jerker Mårtensson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Organic and Physical Chemistry
- Chalmers University of Technology
- SE-412 96 Gothenburg
- Sweden
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20
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Alza E, Laraia L, Ibbeson BM, Collins S, Galloway WRJD, Stokes JE, Venkitaraman AR, Spring DR. Synthesis of a novel polycyclic ring scaffold with antimitotic properties via a selective domino Heck-Suzuki reaction. Chem Sci 2015; 6:390-396. [PMID: 28966765 PMCID: PMC5586250 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc02547d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of a previously undescribed sp3-rich 6-5-5-6 tetracyclic ring scaffold using a palladium catalysed domino Heck-Suzuki reaction is reported. This reaction is high-yielding, selective for the domino process over the direct Suzuki reaction and tolerant towards a variety of boronic acids. The novel scaffold can also be accessed via domino Heck-Stille and radical cyclisations. Compounds based around this scaffold were found to be effective antimitotic agents in a human cancer cell line. Detailed phenotypic profiling showed that the compounds affected the congression of chromosomes to give mitotic arrest and apoptotic cell death. Thus, a novel structural class of antimitotic agents that does not disrupt the tubulin network has been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Alza
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge , CB2 1EW , UK . ; ; Tel: +44 (0)1223 336498
| | - Luca Laraia
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge , CB2 1EW , UK . ; ; Tel: +44 (0)1223 336498
- MRC Cancer Unit , University of Cambridge , Hutchison/MRC Research Centre , Biomedical Campus , Hills Road , Cambridge , CB2 0XZ , UK
| | - Brett M Ibbeson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge , CB2 1EW , UK . ; ; Tel: +44 (0)1223 336498
| | - Súil Collins
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge , CB2 1EW , UK . ; ; Tel: +44 (0)1223 336498
| | - Warren R J D Galloway
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge , CB2 1EW , UK . ; ; Tel: +44 (0)1223 336498
| | - Jamie E Stokes
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge , CB2 1EW , UK . ; ; Tel: +44 (0)1223 336498
- MRC Cancer Unit , University of Cambridge , Hutchison/MRC Research Centre , Biomedical Campus , Hills Road , Cambridge , CB2 0XZ , UK
| | - Ashok R Venkitaraman
- MRC Cancer Unit , University of Cambridge , Hutchison/MRC Research Centre , Biomedical Campus , Hills Road , Cambridge , CB2 0XZ , UK
| | - David R Spring
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge , CB2 1EW , UK . ; ; Tel: +44 (0)1223 336498
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21
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Saidykhan A, Ayrton ST, Gallagher RT, Martin WHC, Bowen RD. Novel formation of [2M-H](+) species in positive electrospray mass spectra of indoles. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2014; 28:1948-1952. [PMID: 25088138 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE When subjected to positive ion electrospray ionisation (ESI+) mass spectrometry (MS), indoles with a 3-alkyl substituent show a propensity to form novel [2M-H](+) 'covalently bound dimers'. This process, which appears to be initiated in the nebuliser of the instrument, is mechanistically interesting, analytically useful and potentially significant in organic synthesis. METHODS A selection of 2- and 3-substituted indoles have been synthesised and analysed by ESI-MS. The formation of the 'homo' and 'hetero' dimers of these compounds has been investigated using ESI+ mode. The mechanism of formation of the observed 'dimeric' species has been probed by synthesising authentic samples of the dimeric compounds. RESULTS 'Dimeric' species corresponding to [2M-H](+) have been observed for all 3-substituted indoles studied, but not for indoles substituted in just the 2-position. By infusing equimolar mixtures of labelled and unlabelled indoles through the instrument, the expected approximately statistical mixture of homo- and heterodimeric species has been observed. Further experiments have established that this novel dimerisation occurs in the droplets formed in the nebuliser of the instrument. CONCLUSIONS It has been shown that 3-substituted indoles form [2M-H](+) dimers in high abundance in the spray obtained from the nebiliser of an ESI+ instrument. The mechanism for the dimerisation does not involve the known 2M dimeric species that is readily formed in the solution-phase chemistry of indoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amie Saidykhan
- Chemical and Forensic Sciences, University of Bradford, Great Horton Road, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
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22
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Varnali T, Edwards HGM. Reduced and oxidised scytonemin: theoretical protocol for Raman spectroscopic identification of potential key biomolecules for astrobiology. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 117:72-77. [PMID: 23981417 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Scytonemin is an important UV-radiation protective biomolecule synthesised by extremophilic cyanobacteria in stressed terrestrial environments. Scytonemin and its reduced form have been both isolated experimentally and the Raman spectrum for scytonemin has been assigned and characterised experimentally both in extracts and in living extremophilic cyanobacterial colonies. Scytonemin is recognised as a key biomarker molecule for terrestrial organisms in stressed environments. We propose a new, theoretically plausible structure for oxidised scytonemin which has not been mentioned in the literature hitherto. DFT calculations for scytonemin, reduced scytonemin and the new structure modelled and proposed for oxidised scytonemin are reported along with their Raman spectroscopic data and λmax UV-absorption data obtained theoretically. Comparison of the vibrational spectroscopic assignments allows the three forms of scytonemin to be detected and identified and assist not only in the clarification of the major features in the experimentally observed Raman spectral data for the parent scytonemin but also support a protocol proposed for their analytical discrimination. The results of this study provide a basis for the search for molecules of this type in future astrobiological missions of exploration and the search for extinct and extant life terrestrially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Varnali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bogazici University, Bebek 34342, Istanbul, Turkey.
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23
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McNulty J, Keskar K, Bordón C, Yolken R, Jones-Brando L. Total synthesis of the cyanobacterial metabolite nostodione A: discovery of its antiparasitic activity against Toxoplasma gondii. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:8904-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc03904a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A diversity-oriented total synthesis of nostodione-A and analogues and their antiparasitic activity againstToxoplasma gondiiis reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. McNulty
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- McMaster University
- Hamilton, Canada L8S 4M1
| | - K. Keskar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- McMaster University
- Hamilton, Canada L8S 4M1
| | - C. Bordón
- Stanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology
- Department of Pediatrics
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
- Baltimore, USA
| | - R. Yolken
- Stanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology
- Department of Pediatrics
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
- Baltimore, USA
| | - L. Jones-Brando
- Stanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology
- Department of Pediatrics
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
- Baltimore, USA
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24
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Badenock JC, Jordan JA, Gribble GW. Synthetic approaches toward the marine alkaloid prenostodione. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.02.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ishikura M, Abe T, Choshi T, Hibino S. Simple indole alkaloids and those with a non-rearranged monoterpenoid unit. Nat Prod Rep 2013; 30:694-752. [DOI: 10.1039/c3np20118j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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26
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Nguyen KH, Chollet-Krugler M, Gouault N, Tomasi S. UV-protectant metabolites from lichens and their symbiotic partners. Nat Prod Rep 2013; 30:1490-508. [DOI: 10.1039/c3np70064j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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27
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Ekebergh A, Börje A, Mårtensson J. Total synthesis of nostodione A, a cyanobacterial metabolite. Org Lett 2012; 14:6274-7. [PMID: 23215440 DOI: 10.1021/ol303036j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The first total synthesis of the mitotic spindle poison nostodione A is described. The inherent oxidative sensitivity of indoles is utilized for a late introduction of a second carbonyl to the cyclopent[b]indole-2-one system. The tricyclic system is prepared from indole-3-acetic acid and O-silylated 4-ethynylphenol, using a stereoselective intramolecular reductive Heck cyclization as the key transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Ekebergh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering/Organic Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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29
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Guo F, Clift MD, Thomson RJ. Oxidative Coupling of Enolates, Enol Silanes and Enamines: Methods and Natural Product Synthesis. European J Org Chem 2012; 2012:4881-4896. [PMID: 23471479 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The oxidative coupling of enolates, enol silanes, and enamines provides a direct method for the construction of useful 1,4-dicarbonyl synthons. Despite being first reported in 1935, with subsequent important advances beginning in the 1970's, the development of this powerful reaction into a reliable methodology was somewhat limited. In recent years, there have been a number of reports from several research groups demonstrating advances in several neglected areas of oxidative coupling. This microreview summarizes these new advances in methodology and provides an overview of recent natural product syntheses that showcase the power of these transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghai Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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30
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D’Orazio N, Gammone MA, Gemello E, De Girolamo M, Cusenza S, Riccioni G. Marine bioactives: pharmacological properties and potential applications against inflammatory diseases. Mar Drugs 2012; 10:812-833. [PMID: 22690145 PMCID: PMC3366677 DOI: 10.3390/md10040812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a hot topic in medical research, because it plays a key role in inflammatory diseases: rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other forms of arthritis, diabetes, heart diseases, irritable bowel syndrome, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, allergies, asthma, even cancer and many others. Over the past few decades, it was realized that the process of inflammation is virtually the same in different disorders, and a better understanding of inflammation may lead to better treatments for numerous diseases. Inflammation is the activation of the immune system in response to infection, irritation, or injury, with an influx of white blood cells, redness, heat, swelling, pain, and dysfunction of the organs involved. Although the pathophysiological basis of these conditions is not yet fully understood, reactive oxygen species (ROS) have often been implicated in their pathogenesis. In fact, in inflammatory diseases the antioxidant defense system is compromised, as evidenced by increased markers of oxidative stress, and decreased levels of protective antioxidant enzymes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). An enriched diet containing antioxidants, such as vitamin E, vitamin C, β-carotene and phenolic substances, has been suggested to improve symptoms by reducing disease-related oxidative stress. In this respect, the marine world represents a largely untapped reserve of bioactive ingredients, and considerable potential exists for exploitation of these bioactives as functional food ingredients. Substances such as n-3 oils, carotenoids, vitamins, minerals and peptides provide a myriad of health benefits, including reduction of cardiovascular diseases, anticarcinogenic and anti-inflammatory activities. New marine bioactives are recently gaining attention, since they could be helpful in combating chronic inflammatory degenerative conditions. The aim of this review is to examine the published studies concerning the potential pharmacological properties and application of many marine bioactives against inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolantonio D’Orazio
- Human Nutrition, Department of Biomedical Science, via Dei Vestini, University G. D’Annunzio, Chieti, 66013, Italy
| | - Maria Alessandra Gammone
- Human Nutrition, Department of Biomedical Science, via Dei Vestini, University G. D’Annunzio, Chieti, 66013, Italy
| | - Eugenio Gemello
- Human Nutrition, Department of Biomedical Science, via Dei Vestini, University G. D’Annunzio, Chieti, 66013, Italy
| | - Massimo De Girolamo
- Human Nutrition, Department of Biomedical Science, via Dei Vestini, University G. D’Annunzio, Chieti, 66013, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cusenza
- Human Nutrition, Department of Biomedical Science, via Dei Vestini, University G. D’Annunzio, Chieti, 66013, Italy
| | - Graziano Riccioni
- Human Nutrition, Department of Biomedical Science, via Dei Vestini, University G. D’Annunzio, Chieti, 66013, Italy
- Cardiology Unit, San Camillo De Lellis Hospital, Manfredonia, FG, Italy
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31
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Jordon JA, Badenock JC, Gribble GW, Jasinski JP, Golen JA. 3,3-Dimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetra-hydro-cyclo-penta-[b]indole-1,2-dione (bruceolline E). Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2012; 68:o364-5. [PMID: 22346990 PMCID: PMC3275045 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536812000517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The title compound, C(13)H(11)NO(2), crystallizes with two mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit. The crystal packing is stabilized by N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, which link the mol-ecules into chains along [10[Formula: see text]], and weak C-H⋯O inter-actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A. Jordon
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Cave Hill, Barbados
| | - Jeanese C. Badenock
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Cave Hill, Barbados
| | - Gordon W. Gribble
- Department Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755-3564, USA
| | - Jerry P. Jasinski
- Department of Chemistry, Keene State College, 229 Main Street, Keene, NH 03435-2001, USA
| | - James A. Golen
- Department of Chemistry, Keene State College, 229 Main Street, Keene, NH 03435-2001, USA
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