1
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Gazdag T, Meiszter E, Mayer PJ, Holczbauer T, Ottosson H, Maurer AB, Abrahamsson M, London G. An Exploration of Substituent Effects on the Photophysical Properties of Monobenzopentalenes. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202300737. [PMID: 38284145 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Monobenzopentalenes have received moderate attention compared to dibenzopentalenes, yet their accessibility as stable, non-symmetric structures with diverse substituents could be interesting for materials applications, including molecular photonics. Recently, monobenzopentalene was considered computationally as a potential chromophore for singlet fission (SF) photovoltaics. To advance this compound class towards photonics applications, the excited state energetics must be characterized, computationally and experimentally. In this report we synthesized a series of stable substituted monobenzopentalenes and provided the first experimental exploration of their photophysical properties. Structural and opto-electronic characterization revealed that all derivatives showed 1H NMR shifts in the olefinic region, bond length alternation in the pentalene unit, low-intensity absorptions reflecting the ground-state antiaromatic character and in turn the symmetry forbidden HOMO-to-LUMO transitions of ~2 eV and redox amphotericity. This was also supported by computed aromaticity indices (NICS, ACID, HOMA). Accordingly, substituents did not affect the fulfilment of the energetic criterion of SF, as the computed excited-state energy levels satisfied the required E(S1)/E(T1)>2 relationship. Further spectroscopic measurements revealed a concentration dependent quenching of the excited state and population of the S2 state on the nanosecond timescale, providing initial evidence for unusual photophysics and an alternative entry point for singlet fission with monobenzopentalenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Gazdag
- MTA TTK Lendület Functional Organic Materials Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117, Budapest, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, Hungary
- Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/a, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Enikő Meiszter
- MTA TTK Lendület Functional Organic Materials Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117, Budapest, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, Hungary
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter J Mayer
- MTA TTK Lendület Functional Organic Materials Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117, Budapest, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, Hungary
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, Uppsala, 751 20, Sweden
| | - Tamás Holczbauer
- Chemical Crystallography Research Laboratory and Stereochemistry Research Group, Institute for Organic Chemistry, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117, Budapest, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, Hungary
| | - Henrik Ottosson
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, Uppsala, 751 20, Sweden
| | - Andrew B Maurer
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden
| | - Maria Abrahamsson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden
| | - Gábor London
- MTA TTK Lendület Functional Organic Materials Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117, Budapest, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, Hungary
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2
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Mayer P, London G. Stable Monoareno-pentalenes with Two Olefinic Protons. Org Lett 2022; 25:42-46. [PMID: 36576234 PMCID: PMC9841605 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel class of stable monoareno-pentalenes is introduced that have an olefinic proton on each five-membered ring of the pentalene subunit. Their synthesis was accomplished via a regioselective carbopalladation cascade reaction between ortho-arylacetyleno gem-dibromoolefins and TIPS-acetylene. These molecules could be experimental probes of magnetic (anti)aromaticity effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter
J. Mayer
- MTA
TTK Lendület Functional Organic Materials Research Group, Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for
Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt 2., Budapest, 1117, Hungary,Institute
of Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich tér 1., Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Gábor London
- MTA
TTK Lendület Functional Organic Materials Research Group, Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for
Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt 2., Budapest, 1117, Hungary,E-mail:
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3
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Gazdag T, Mayer PJ, Kalapos PP, Holczbauer T, El Bakouri O, London G. Unsymmetrical Thienopentalenes: Synthesis, Optoelectronic Properties, and (Anti)aromaticity Analysis. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:8336-8349. [PMID: 35309486 PMCID: PMC8928497 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and properties of a series of unsymmetrical thienopentalenes are explored, including both monoareno and diareno derivatives. For the synthesis of monoareno pentalenes, a carbopalladation cascade reaction between alkynes and gem-dibromoolefins was applied. Diareno pentalene derivatives were accessed via gold-catalyzed cyclization of diynes. Thiophene was fused to pentalene in two different geometries via its 2,3 and 3,4 bonds. 2,3-Fusion resulted in increased antiaromaticity of the pentalene unit compared to the 3,4-fusion both in the monoareno and diareno framework. Monothienopentalenes that contained the destabilizing 2,3-fusion could not be isolated. For diareno derivatives, the aromatic character of the different aryl groups fused to the pentalene was not independent. Destabilizing fusion on one side resulted in alleviated aromaticity on the other side and vice versa. The synthesized molecules were characterized experimentally by 1H NMR and UV-vis spectroscopies, cyclic voltammetry, and X-ray crystallography, and their aromatic character was assessed using magnetic (NICS and ACID) and electronic indices (MCI and FLU).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Gazdag
- MTA
TTK Lendület Functional Organic Materials Research Group, Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for
Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2., Budapest 1117, Hungary
- Hevesy
György PhD School of Chemistry, Eötvös
Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/a, Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - Péter J. Mayer
- MTA
TTK Lendület Functional Organic Materials Research Group, Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for
Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2., Budapest 1117, Hungary
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich tér 1, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - Péter Pál Kalapos
- MTA
TTK Lendület Functional Organic Materials Research Group, Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for
Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2., Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - Tamás Holczbauer
- Centre
for Structural Science and Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja
2 Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - Ouissam El Bakouri
- Institut
de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament
de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany 6, Girona 17003, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gábor London
- MTA
TTK Lendület Functional Organic Materials Research Group, Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for
Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2., Budapest 1117, Hungary
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4
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Hong C, Baltazar J, Tovar JD. Manifestations of antiaromaticity in organic materials: case studies of cyclobutadiene, borole, and pentalene. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John D. Tovar
- Johns Hopkins University Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science and Engineering 3400 N. Charles StreetNCB 316 MD 21218 Baltimore UNITED STATES
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5
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Konishi A, Yasuda M. Breathing New Life into Nonalternant Hydrocarbon Chemistry: Syntheses and Properties of Polycyclic Hydrocarbons Containing Azulene, Pentalene, and Heptalene Frameworks. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Konishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Atomic and Molecular Technologies, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Makoto Yasuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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6
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Konishi A, Yasuda M. Synthesis of π-extended non-alternant hydrocarbons based on azulene (5-7), pentalene (5-5) and heptalene (7-7) skeletons and elucidation of their electronic structures. ADVANCES IN PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apoc.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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7
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Phenanthrylene–alkynylene macrocycles, phenanthrene-fused dicyclopenta[b,g]naphthalene, as well as relevant diradicaloids and antiaromatic compounds. ADVANCES IN PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apoc.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Usuba J, Hayakawa M, Yamaguchi S, Fukazawa A. Dithieno[
a
,
e
]pentalenes: Highly Antiaromatic Yet Stable π‐Electron Systems without Bulky Substituents. Chemistry 2020; 27:1638-1647. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Usuba
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) Institute for Advanced Study Kyoto University Yoshida Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606–8501 Japan
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science and Integrated Research Consortium on, Chemical Sciences (IRCCS) Nagoya University, Furo Chikusa Nagoya 464–8602 Japan
| | - Masahiro Hayakawa
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) Institute for Advanced Study Kyoto University Yoshida Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606–8501 Japan
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science and Integrated Research Consortium on, Chemical Sciences (IRCCS) Nagoya University, Furo Chikusa Nagoya 464–8602 Japan
| | - Shigehiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science and Integrated Research Consortium on, Chemical Sciences (IRCCS) Nagoya University, Furo Chikusa Nagoya 464–8602 Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) Nagoya University Furo, Chikusa Nagoya 464–8602 Japan
| | - Aiko Fukazawa
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) Institute for Advanced Study Kyoto University Yoshida Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606–8501 Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) Nagoya University Furo, Chikusa Nagoya 464–8602 Japan
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9
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Konishi A, Satake S, Yasuda M. Catalytic Cycloisomerization of Conjugated Bisbutatrienes into Pentalene Skeletons: Synthesis and Properties of Bisbutatrienes with an Acenaphthene Backbone. CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Konishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Atomic and Molecular Technologies, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shoya Satake
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Makoto Yasuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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10
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Mayer PJ, El Bakouri O, Holczbauer T, Samu GF, Janáky C, Ottosson H, London G. Structure-Property Relationships in Unsymmetric Bis(antiaromatics): Who Wins the Battle between Pentalene and Benzocyclobutadiene?†. J Org Chem 2020; 85:5158-5172. [PMID: 32189503 PMCID: PMC7311060 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
![]()
According
to the currently accepted structure–property relationships,
aceno-pentalenes with an angular shape (fused to the 1,2-bond of the
acene) exhibit higher antiaromaticity than those with a linear shape
(fused to the 2,3-bond of the acene). To explore and expand the current
view, we designed and synthesized molecules where two isomeric, yet,
different, 8π antiaromatic subunits, a benzocyclobutadiene (BCB)
and a pentalene, are combined into, respectively, an angular and a
linear topology via an unsaturated six-membered ring. The antiaromatic
character of the molecules is supported experimentally by 1H NMR, UV–vis, and cyclic voltammetry measurements and X-ray
crystallography. The experimental results are further confirmed by
theoretical studies including the calculation of several aromaticity
indices (NICS, ACID, HOMA, FLU, MCI). In the case of the angular molecule,
double bond-localization within the connecting six-membered ring resulted
in reduced antiaromaticity of both the BCB and pentalene subunits,
while the linear structure provided a competitive situation for the
two unequal [4n]π subunits. We found that in
the latter case the BCB unit alleviated its unfavorable antiaromaticity
more efficiently, leaving the pentalene with strong antiaromaticity.
Thus, a reversed structure–antiaromaticity relationship when
compared to aceno-pentalenes was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter J Mayer
- MTA-TTK "Lendület" Functional Organic Materials Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.,Institute of Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich Square 1, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Ouissam El Bakouri
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 530, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tamás Holczbauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre of Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely F Samu
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Rerrich Square 1, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Csaba Janáky
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Rerrich Square 1, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Henrik Ottosson
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 530, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gábor London
- MTA-TTK "Lendület" Functional Organic Materials Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
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11
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Stanger A, Monaco G, Zanasi R. NICS‐
XY
‐Scan Predictions of Local, Semi‐Global, and Global Ring Currents in Annulated Pentalene and s‐Indacene Cores Compared to First‐Principles Current Density Maps. Chemphyschem 2019; 21:65-82. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amnon Stanger
- Schulich faculty of ChemistryTechnion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Guglielmo Monaco
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”Università degli Studi di Salerno via Giovanni Paolo II 132 Fisciano 84084, SA Italy
| | - Riccardo Zanasi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”Università degli Studi di Salerno via Giovanni Paolo II 132 Fisciano 84084, SA Italy
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12
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Tavakkolifard S, Sekine K, Reichert L, Ebrahimi M, Museridz K, Michel E, Rominger F, Babaahmadi R, Ariafard A, Yates BF, Rudolph M, Hashmi ASK. Gold-Catalyzed Regiospecific Annulation of Unsymmetrically Substituted 1,5-Diynes for the Precise Synthesis of Bispentalenes. Chemistry 2019; 25:12180-12186. [PMID: 31310400 PMCID: PMC6851633 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Precise control of the selectivity in organic synthesis is important to access the desired molecules. We demonstrate a regiospecific annulation of unsymmetrically substituted 1,2‐di(arylethynyl)benzene derivatives for a geometry‐controlled synthesis of linear bispentalenes, which is one of the promising structures for material science. A gold‐catalyzed annulation of unsymmetrically substituted 1,2‐di(arylethynyl)benzene could produce two isomeric pentalenes, but both electronic and steric effects on the aromatics at the terminal position of the alkyne prove to be crucial for the selectivity; especially a regiospecific annulation was achieved with sterically blocked substituents; namely, 2,4,6‐trimetyl benzene or 2,4‐dimethyl benzene. This approach enables the geometrically controlled synthesis of linear bispentalenes from 1,2,4,5‐tetraethynylbenzene or 2,3,6,7‐tetraethynylnaphthalene. Moreover, the annulation of a series of tetraynes with a different substitution pattern regioselectively provided the bispentalene scaffolds. A computational study revealed that this is the result of a kinetic control induced by the bulky NHC ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Tavakkolifard
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kohei Sekine
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lisa Reichert
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mina Ebrahimi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ketevan Museridz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elena Michel
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rasool Babaahmadi
- School of Physical Sciences (Chemistry), University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Alireza Ariafard
- School of Physical Sciences (Chemistry), University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Brian F Yates
- School of Physical Sciences (Chemistry), University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Stephen K Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Baranac-Stojanović M. A DFT Study of the Modulation of the Antiaromatic and Open-Shell Character of Dibenzo[a,f]pentalene by Employing Three Strategies: Additional Benzoannulation, BN/CC Isosterism, and Substitution. Chemistry 2019; 25:9747-9757. [PMID: 31107568 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Dibenzo[a,f]pentalene ([a,f]DBP) is a highly antiaromatic molecule having appreciable open-shell singlet character in its ground state. In this work, DFT calculations at the B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) level of theory were performed to explore the efficiency of three strategies, that is, BN/CC isosterism, substitution, and (di)benzoannulation of [a,f]DBP, in controlling its electronic state and (anti)aromaticity. To evaluate the type and extent of the latter, the harmonic oscillator model of aromaticity (HOMA) and aromatic fluctuation (FLU) indices were used, along with the nucleus-independent chemical shift NICS-XY-scan procedure. The results suggest that all three strategies could be employed to produce either the closed-shell system or open-shell species, which may be in the singlet or triplet ground state. Triplet states have been characterized as aromatic, which is in accordance with Baird's rule. All the singlet states were found to have weaker global paratropicity than [a,f]DBP. Additional (di)benzo fusion adds local aromatic subunit(s) and mainly retains the topology of the paratropic ring currents of the basic molecule. The substitution of two carbon atoms by the isoelectronic BN pair, or the introduction of substituents, results either in the same type and very similar topology of ring currents as in the parent compound, or leads to (anti)aromatic and nonaromatic subunits. The triplet states of all the examined compounds are also discussed.
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14
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Federmann P, Wagner HK, Antoni PW, Mörsdorf JM, Pérez Lustres JL, Wadepohl H, Motzkus M, Ballmann J. P-Protected Diphosphadibenzo[a,e]pentalenes and Their Mono- and Dicationic P-Bridged Ladder Stilbenes. Org Lett 2019; 21:2033-2038. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Federmann
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hannah K. Wagner
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick W. Antoni
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jean-Marc Mörsdorf
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - José Luis Pérez Lustres
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcus Motzkus
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim Ballmann
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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15
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Baranac-Stojanović M, Stojanović M. The effect of two types of dibenzoannulation of pentalene on molecular energies and magnetically induced currents. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:3250-3263. [PMID: 30681696 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07875k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The effect of two types of dibenzo-fusion of pentalene in the singlet and triplet states on its molecular energies and magnetically induced ring currents was examined via density functional calculations. The isomerization energy decomposition analysis (IEDA) together with the calculated aromaticity indices (NICS(1)zz, HOMA and FLUπ), estimation of resonance energies (RE) and extra cyclic resonance energies (ECRE) via the NBO method, and the NICS-XY-scans revealed that the π-electronic system is the most important factor controlling the molecular energies. The [a,f] topology features greater delocalization, which results in two opposing effects: larger ECRE, but weaker π-bonding. The latter is mainly responsible for the higher energy of [a,f]-dibenzopentalene (DBP) (ΔEiso = 21.7 kcal mol-1), with the other effects being σ-orbital and electrostatic interactions. The reversal of energetic stability in the triplet states (ΔEiso = -10.8 kcal mol-1) mainly comes from the reduced Pauli repulsion in [a,f]-DBP, which stabilizes the unpaired spin density over the central trimethylenemethane subunit vs. the central pentalene subunit in [a,e]-DBP. Although the [a,e] topology only reduces the diatropic and paratropic currents of the elementary subunits, benzene and pentalene, the [a,f] topology also creates strong global paratropicity involving the benzene rings. Both DBP isomers are characterized by global and smaller semi-global and local diatropic currents in the triplet state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Baranac-Stojanović
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, P.O. Box 158, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
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16
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Ren D, Fu X, Li X, Koniarz S, Chmielewski PJ. Reaction of antiaromatic porphyrinoid with active methylene compounds. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00679f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Antiaromatic norcorrolatonickel(ii) reacts regioselectively under basic conditions with active methylene compounds, yielding mono-substituted derivatives in which spectroscopic and redox properties of the starting macrocycle are retained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demin Ren
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecules
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan
- Hunan 411201
| | - Xinliang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecules
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan
- Hunan 411201
| | - Xiaofang Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecules
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan
- Hunan 411201
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17
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Sekine K, Schulmeister J, Paulus F, Goetz KP, Rominger F, Rudolph M, Zaumseil J, Hashmi ASK. Gold-Catalyzed Facile Synthesis and Crystal Structures of Benzene-/Naphthalene-Based Bispentalenes as Organic Semiconductors. Chemistry 2018; 25:216-220. [PMID: 30423210 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The gold-catalyzed facile synthesis of U-shaped and S-shaped bispentalenes is described from easily available tetra(arylethynyl)-benzenes and -naphthalenes. The optoelectronic and transistor properties were also investigated. The selectivity between the U-shaped and S-shaped bispentalene isomers can be tuned by the bulkiness of the ligand and the substrates. The S-shaped naphthalene-based bispentalene shows a one-dimensional face-to-face packing pattern in solid state and a good hole mobility, indicating that the S-shaped bispentalene core is highly suitable for transistor applications. The gold-catalyzed annulation of tetraynes provides a useful protocol in the synthesis of bispentalenes for organic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Sekine
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schulmeister
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Paulus
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katelyn P Goetz
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jana Zaumseil
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Stephen K Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Konishi A, Okada Y, Kishi R, Nakano M, Yasuda M. Enhancement of Antiaromatic Character via Additional Benzoannulation into Dibenzo[a,f]pentalene: Syntheses and Properties of Benzo[a]naphtho[2,1-f]pentalene and Dinaphtho[2,1-a,f]pentalene. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 141:560-571. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Konishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Atomic and Molecular Technologies, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yui Okada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryohei Kishi
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nakano
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Makoto Yasuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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19
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Konishi A, Okada Y, Nakano M, Sugisaki K, Sato K, Takui T, Yasuda M. Synthesis and Characterization of Dibenzo[a,f]pentalene: Harmonization of the Antiaromatic and Singlet Biradical Character. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:15284-15287. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b05709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Konishi
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1
Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Center
for Atomic and Molecular Technologies, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yui Okada
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1
Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Motohiro Nakano
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1
Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Kenji Sugisaki
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Sato
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Takeji Takui
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Makoto Yasuda
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1
Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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20
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Barroso R, Paraja M, Cabal MP, Valdés C. Synthesis of 1,1-Disubstituted Indenes and Dihydronaphthalenes through C–C/C–C Bond-Forming Pd-Catalyzed Autotandem Reactions. Org Lett 2017; 19:4086-4089. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Barroso
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica e Inorgánica and Instituto Universitario de
Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles”, Universidad de Oviedo, c/Julián Clavería 8, Oviedo 33006, Spain
| | - Miguel Paraja
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica e Inorgánica and Instituto Universitario de
Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles”, Universidad de Oviedo, c/Julián Clavería 8, Oviedo 33006, Spain
| | - María-Paz Cabal
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica e Inorgánica and Instituto Universitario de
Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles”, Universidad de Oviedo, c/Julián Clavería 8, Oviedo 33006, Spain
| | - Carlos Valdés
- Departamento de Química
Orgánica e Inorgánica and Instituto Universitario de
Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles”, Universidad de Oviedo, c/Julián Clavería 8, Oviedo 33006, Spain
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21
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Sayyad M, Wani IA, Tiwari DP, Ghorai MK. Synthetic Routes to Isomeric Imidazoindoles by Regioselective Ring‐Opening of Activated Aziridines Followed by Copper‐Catalysed C–N Cyclization. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masthanvali Sayyad
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur 208016 Kanpur Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Imtiyaz Ahmad Wani
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur 208016 Kanpur Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Deo Prakash Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur 208016 Kanpur Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Manas K. Ghorai
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur 208016 Kanpur Uttar Pradesh India
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22
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Oshima H, Fukazawa A, Yamaguchi S. Facile Synthesis of Polycyclic Pentalenes with Enhanced Hückel Antiaromaticity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201611344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroya Oshima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS); Nagoya University; Furo, Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Aiko Fukazawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS); Nagoya University; Furo, Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Shigehiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS); Nagoya University; Furo, Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM); Nagoya University; Furo, Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
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23
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Oshima H, Fukazawa A, Yamaguchi S. Facile Synthesis of Polycyclic Pentalenes with Enhanced Hückel Antiaromaticity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:3270-3274. [PMID: 28067436 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201611344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pentalenes represent highly reactive Hückel antiaromatics with 8π electrons. Usually, pentalenes are stabilized by incorporation of two benzene rings in a fused fashion. In dibenzo[a,e]pentalenes, however, the high aromaticity of the fused benzene rings compromises the inherent antiaromaticity of the pentalene core. Herein, we disclose that this forfeited antiaromaticity can be restored by fusing four additional aromatic rings onto the peripheral positions of dibenzo[a,e]pentalenes. Such polycyclic pentalenes were prepared by successive transannular cyclizations via in situ-generated tetrakisdehydro[16]annulenes. The thus obtained compounds showed intriguing properties, for example, characteristic absorptions in the visible-to-near-infrared (NIR) region and low reduction potentials. These results hence afford a design principle to produce highly antiaromatic yet stable pentalenes. The antiaromaticity of the pentalene core can be widely tuned via the degree of aromaticity of the peripherally fused rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroya Oshima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Aiko Fukazawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
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24
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Yuan B, Zhuang J, Kirmess KM, Bridgmohan CN, Whalley AC, Wang L, Plunkett KN. Pentaleno[1,2-a:4,5']diacenaphthylenes: Uniquely Stabilized Pentalene Derivatives. J Org Chem 2016; 81:8312-8. [PMID: 27559925 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate the preparation of diacenaphthopentalene derivatives via a palladium-catalyzed dimerization of 1-iodo-2-arylethynyl-acenaphthylenes. The resulting 7,14-diarylpentaleno[1,2-a:4,5a']diacenaphthylenes, which contain four linearly fused five-membered rings, are benchtop stable and behave as hole-transporting or ambipolar semiconductors in organic field effect transistors. The X-ray crystal structure shows the important role of the fused naphthalene unit that enforces a formal pentalene subunit at the central five-membered rings and [5]-radialene-like structures at the proximal five-membered rings. Nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS) calculations show the internal pentalene rings are intermediate in antiaromaticity character between known pentalene and dibenzopentalenes derivatives. The diacenaphthopentalene derivatives give high optical gap materials owing to a forbidden HOMO to LUMO transition, yet have narrow electrochemical gaps and are reduced at small negative potentials giving LUMO energy levels of -3.57 to -3.74 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxin Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University , Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Junpeng Zhuang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University , Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Kristopher M Kirmess
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University , Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Chelsea N Bridgmohan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University , Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Adam C Whalley
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Vermont , Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
| | - Lichang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University , Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Kyle N Plunkett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University , Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
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25
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Kato SI, Kuwako S, Takahashi N, Kijima T, Nakamura Y. Benzo- and Naphthopentalenes: Syntheses, Structures, and Properties. J Org Chem 2016; 81:7700-10. [PMID: 27467138 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Benzo- and naphthopentalene derivatives were synthesized, and the effects of structural variations on their antiaromaticity and optoelectronic and electrochemical properties were examined experimentally and theoretically in detail. The results unveiled that with increasing the bond order of the carbon-carbon bond ([5,6] junction) shared by the pentalene and aromatic moieties, the 8π antiaromatic character of pentalene is enhanced and the HOMO-LUMO gap is decreased, which accompanies both the elevation of the HOMO level and the lowering of the LUMO level. The ethynylene units between the pentalene skeleton and the phenyl groups proved to extend π-conjugation sufficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichiro Kato
- Division of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University , 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kuwako
- Division of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University , 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Takahashi
- Division of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University , 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Kijima
- Division of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University , 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Yosuke Nakamura
- Division of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University , 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
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26
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Aguilar E, Sanz R, Fernández-Rodríguez MA, García-García P. 1,3-Dien-5-ynes: Versatile Building Blocks for the Synthesis of Carbo- and Heterocycles. Chem Rev 2016; 116:8256-311. [PMID: 27410164 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
1,3-Dien-5-ynes have been extensively used as starting materials for the synthesis of a wide number of different carbo- and heterocycles. The aim of this review is to give an overview of their utility in organic synthesis, highlighting the variety of compounds that can be directly accessed from single reactions over these systems. Thus, cycloaromatization processes are initially commented, followed by reactions directed toward the syntheses of five-membered rings, other carbocycles and, finally, heterocycles. The diverse methodologies that have been developed for the synthesis of each of these types of compounds from 1,3-dien-5-ynes are presented, emphasizing the influence of the reaction conditions and the use of additional reagents in the outcome of the transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Aguilar
- Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica "Enrique Moles", Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Universidad de Oviedo , C/Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Roberto Sanz
- Departamento de Química, Área de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos , Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Manuel A Fernández-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química, Área de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos , Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Patricia García-García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá , 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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27
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Zhang G, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. Fused π-Extended Truxenes via a Threefold Borylation as the Key Step. Chemistry 2016; 22:3084-93. [PMID: 26833764 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of a threefold borylated truxene, which is accessible in high yields by iridium-catalyzed borylation under CH-activation, fused π-extended truxenes have been synthesized by a two-step method of first Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction and subsequent condensation reaction. The mild condensation method tolerates the presence of a variety of functional groups, such as nitro, fluoro, or carboxyl moieties. Furthermore, by using this approach, N- and S-heteroarene analogues become accessible for the first time, as well as larger structures that represent derivatives of precursors for fullerene C60 or buckybowls. The attached tert-butyl groups make all derivatives sufficiently soluble to allow full spectroscopic and electrochemical investigations. Postfunctionalization of selected derivatives for further synthetic applications of the compounds is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhang
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Mastalerz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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28
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Cao J, London G, Dumele O, von Wantoch Rekowski M, Trapp N, Ruhlmann L, Boudon C, Stanger A, Diederich F. The Impact of Antiaromatic Subunits in [4n+2] π-Systems: Bispentalenes with [4n+2] π-Electron Perimeters and Antiaromatic Character. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:7178-88. [PMID: 25978774 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b03074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Three series of stable, neutral, π-extended bispentalene derivatives, with two pentalenes fused to a central benzene or naphthalene moiety, have been prepared through a modified double carbopalladation cascade reaction. While these chromophores feature skeletons with [4n+2] π-electron perimeters, the two 8 π-electron pentalene subunits strongly influence bonding and spectral properties. (1)H NMR spectra showed large upfield shifts of the protons in the pentalene moieties, comparable to antiaromatic monobenzopentalenes. Further investigations on magnetic ring currents through NICS-XY-scans suggest a global paratropic current and a local diatropic current at the central benzene ring in two of the series, while the third series, with a central naphthalene ring, showed more localized ring currents, with stronger paratropic ring currents on the pentalene moieties. X-ray diffraction analyses revealed planar bispentalene cores with large double- and single-bond alternation in the pentalene units, characteristic for antiaromaticity, and small alternation in the central aromatic rings. In agreement with TD-DFT calculations, both optical and electrochemical data showed much smaller HOMO-LUMO energy gaps compared to other neutral, acene-like hydrocarbons with the same number of fused rings. Both experimental and computational results suggest that the molecular properties of the presented bispentalenes are dominated by the antiaromatic pentalene-subunits despite the [4n+2] π-electron perimeter of the skeletons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cao
- †Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gábor London
- †Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Dumele
- †Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Nils Trapp
- †Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Ruhlmann
- ‡Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Chimie Physique du Corps Solide, Institut de Chimie-UMR 7177, C.N.R.S., Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Corinne Boudon
- ‡Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Chimie Physique du Corps Solide, Institut de Chimie-UMR 7177, C.N.R.S., Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Amnon Stanger
- §Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200008, Israel
| | - François Diederich
- †Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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29
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Kawase T, Nishida JI. π-Extended Pentalenes: The Revival of the Old Compound from New Standpoints. CHEM REC 2015; 15:1045-59. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201402093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kawase
- Graduate School of Engineering; University of Hyogo; 2167 Shosha Himeji Hyogo 671-2280 Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Nishida
- Graduate School of Engineering; University of Hyogo; 2167 Shosha Himeji Hyogo 671-2280 Japan
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30
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Zheng H, Bai L, Liu J, Nan J, Zuo Z, Yang L, Wang Y, Luan X. Pd(0)-catalyzed chemoselective construction of spirocarbocycles via an alkyne insertion/β-naphthol dearomatization cascade. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:3061-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc09099c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A highly chemoselective route to obtain spiro[indene-1,1′-naphthalen]-2′-ones via a microwave-assisted Pd(0)-catalyzed alkyne migratory insertion/β-naphthol dearomatization cascade is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayu Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecular Chemistry of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
- China
| | - Lu Bai
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecular Chemistry of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
- China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecular Chemistry of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
- China
| | - Jiang Nan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecular Chemistry of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
- China
| | - Zhijun Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecular Chemistry of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
- China
| | - Liu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecular Chemistry of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
- China
| | - Yaoyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecular Chemistry of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
- China
| | - Xinjun Luan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecular Chemistry of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
- China
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31
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Dai G, Chang J, Zhang W, Bai S, Huang KW, Xu J, Chi C. Dianthraceno[a,e]pentalenes: synthesis, crystallographic structures and applications in organic field-effect transistors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:503-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc07630c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Two stable dianthraceno[a,e]pentalenes were synthesized and DAP2 exhibited a high charge carrier mobility of 0.65 cm2 V−1 s−1 due to its dense packing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaole Dai
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Jingjing Chang
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering
- A*Star
- Singapore 117602
| | - Shiqiang Bai
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering
- A*Star
- Singapore 117602
| | - Kuo-Wei Huang
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering and KAUST Catalysis Center
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
- Thuwal 23955-6900
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jianwei Xu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering
- A*Star
- Singapore 117602
| | - Chunyan Chi
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
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Ma C, Zhang J, Li J, Cui C. Multiple C–H borylation of phenylhydrazones to boron–nitrogen analogues of benzopentalene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:5732-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc00471c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of the first boron–nitrogen analogues of benzopentalene by one-pot multiple C–H borylation of phenylhydrazones and their unique electronic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Jianying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Chunming Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Tianjin 300071
- China
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Dai G, Chang J, Shi X, Zhang W, Zheng B, Huang KW, Chi C. Thienoacene-Fused Pentalenes: Syntheses, Structures, Physical Properties and Applications for Organic Field-Effect Transistors. Chemistry 2014; 21:2019-28. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Luo Y, Pan X, Yu X, Wu J. Double carbometallation of alkynes: an efficient strategy for the construction of polycycles. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:834-46. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60313j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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35
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London G, von Wantoch Rekowski M, Dumele O, Schweizer WB, Gisselbrecht JP, Boudon C, Diederich F. Pentalenes with novel topologies: exploiting the cascade carbopalladation reaction between alkynes and gem-dibromoolefins. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc52623b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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36
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Senadi GC, Hu W, Boominathan SSK, Wang J. Nickel‐ or Palladium‐Catalyzed Stereoselective Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Olefinic Indolines‐Fused Triazoles: Extension to the Spiroindoline Core. Adv Synth Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201300760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Chandru Senadi
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| | - Wan‐Ping Hu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | | | - Jeh‐Jeng Wang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
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Hopf H. Pentalenes--from highly reactive antiaromatics to substrates for material science. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:12224-6. [PMID: 24127399 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201307162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Antimatter: Once studied primarily for their antiaromatic properties, pentalenes are rapidly becoming important π-systems for novel electronic materials. Recent developments in this area are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Hopf
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technical University of Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig (Germany).
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38
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Hopf H. Pentalene - von hochreaktiven Antiaromaten zu Ausgangsmaterialien für die Materialwissenschaften. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201307162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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39
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Muzart J. Three to seven C–C or C–heteroatom bonds from domino reactions involving a Heck process. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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40
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Chinchilla
- Departamento de Química Orgánica,
Facultad
de Ciencias, and Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO), Universidad de Alicante, Apartado 99, 03080 Alicante,
Spain
| | - Carmen Nájera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica,
Facultad
de Ciencias, and Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO), Universidad de Alicante, Apartado 99, 03080 Alicante,
Spain
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41
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Lee CH, Plunkett KN. Orthogonal Functionalization of Cyclopenta[hi]aceanthrylenes. Org Lett 2013; 15:1202-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol400093g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Che-Hsiung Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Kyle N. Plunkett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
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Nishinaga T, Ohmae T, Aita K, Takase M, Iyoda M, Arai T, Kunugi Y. Antiaromatic planar cyclooctatetraene: a strategy for developing ambipolar semiconductors for field effect transistors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:5354-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc41764f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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