1
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Mehara J, Anania M, Kočovský P, Roithová J. Competing Mechanisms in Palladium-Catalyzed Alkoxycarbonylation of Styrene. ACS Catal 2024; 14:5710-5719. [PMID: 38660606 PMCID: PMC11036401 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.4c00966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed carbonylation is a versatile method for the synthesis of various aldehydes, esters, lactones, or lactams. Alkoxycarbonylation of alkenes with carbon monoxide and alcohol produces either saturated or unsaturated esters as a result of two distinct catalytic cycles. The existing literature presents an inconsistent account of the procedures favoring oxidative carbonylation products. In this study, we have monitored the intermediates featured in both catalytic cycles of the methoxycarbonylation of styrene PhCH=CH2 as a model substrate, including all short-lived intermediates, using mass spectrometry. Comparing the reaction kinetics of the intermediates in both cycles in the same reaction mixture shows that the reaction proceeding via alkoxy intermediate [PdII]-OR, which gives rise to the unsaturated product PhCH=CHCO2Me, is faster. However, with an advancing reaction time, the gradually changing reaction conditions begin to favor the catalytic cycle dominated by palladium hydride [PdII]-H and alkyl intermediates, affording the saturated products PhCH2CH2CO2Me and PhCH(CO2Me)CH3 preferentially. The role of the oxidant proved to be crucial: using p-benzoquinone results in a gradual decrease of the pH during the reaction, swaying the system from oxidative conditions toward the palladium hydride cycle. By contrast, copper(II) acetate as an oxidant guards the pH within the 5-7 range and facilitates the formation of the alkoxy palladium complex [PdII]-OR, which favors the oxidative reaction producing PhCH=CHCO2Me with high selectivity. Hence, it is the oxidant, rather than the catalyst, that controls the reaction outcome by a mechanistic switch. Unraveling these principles broadens the scope for developing alkoxycarbonylation reactions and their application in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Mehara
- Department
of Spectroscopy and Catalysis, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Mariarosa Anania
- Department
of Spectroscopy and Catalysis, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, Prague 2 12843, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kočovský
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, Prague 2 12843, Czech Republic
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech
Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 6 16610, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Roithová
- Department
of Spectroscopy and Catalysis, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
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2
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Lin Z, Oliveira JC, Scheremetjew A, Ackermann L. Palladium-Catalyzed Electrooxidative Double C-H Arylation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:228-239. [PMID: 38150013 PMCID: PMC10785825 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical transition metal-catalyzed cross-dehydrogenative reaction has emerged as a promising platform to achieve a sustainable and atom-economic organic synthesis that avoids hazardous oxidants and minimizes undesired byproducts and circuitous functional group operations. However, a poor mechanistic understanding still prevents the widespread adoption of this strategy. In this regard, we herein present an electrochemical palladium-catalyzed oxidative coupling strategy to access biaryls in the absence of a stoichiometric chemical oxidant. The robust palladaelectrocatalysis considerably suppresses the occurrence of homocoupling and oxygenation, being compatible even with electron-deficient arenes. Late-stage functionalization and Boscalid precursor synthesis further highlighted the practical importance of our electrolysis. Remarkably, mechanistic studies including the evaluation of the reaction order of each component by variable time normalization analysis (VTNA) and initial rate analysis, H/D exchange experiment, kinetic isotope effect, and stoichiometric organometallic experiments provided strong support for the involvement of transmetalation between two organopalladium complexes in the turnover limiting step. Therefore, matching the concentrations or lifetimes of two distinct organopalladium intermediates is revealed to be a pivot to the success of electrooxidative catalysis. Moreover, the presence of cationic copper(II) seems to contribute to the stabilization of the palladium(0) catalyst instead of playing a role in the oxidation of the catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Lin
- Institut
für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Wöhler
Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - João C.
A. Oliveira
- Institut
für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Wöhler
Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexej Scheremetjew
- Institut
für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Wöhler
Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut
für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Wöhler
Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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3
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Sukowski V, van Borselen M, Mathew S, de Bruin B, Fernández-Ibáñez MÁ. meta-C-H Arylation of Aniline Derivatives via Palladium/ S,O-Ligand/Norbornene Cooperative Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202317741. [PMID: 38079090 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic amines are ubiquitous moieties in organic molecules and their direct functionalization is of great interest in many research areas due to their prevalence in pharmaceuticals and organic electronics. While several synthetic tools exist for the ortho- and para-functionalization of anilines, the functionalization of the less reactive meta-position is not easy to achieve with current methods. To date, the meta-C-H arylation of aniline derivatives has been restricted to either the use of directing groups & templates, or their transformation into anilides & quaternary anilinium salts. Herein, we report the first general and efficient meta-C-H-arylation of non-directed aniline derivatives via cooperative catalysis with a palladium-S,O-ligand-norbornene system. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions with a wide range of aniline derivatives and aryl iodides, while being operationally simple and scalable. Our preliminary mechanistic investigation-including the isolation of several palladium complexes and deuterium experiments-reveal useful insights into the substituent-effects of both the aniline-substrate and the norbornene-mediator during the meta-C-H activation step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Sukowski
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manuela van Borselen
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simon Mathew
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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4
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Chakraborty B, Luscombe CK. Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling Polymerization via C-H Activation for the Synthesis of Conjugated Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202301247. [PMID: 36849707 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202301247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their versatile (opto)electronic properties, conjugated polymers have found application in several organic electronic devices. Cross-coupling reactions such as Stille, Suzuki, Kumada couplings, and direct arylation reactions have proved to be effective for their synthesis. More atom-efficient oxidative direct arylation polymerization has also been reported for making homopolymers. However, growing interest toward donor-acceptor polymers has led to the recent emergence of cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) polymerization to synthesize alternating copolymers without any prefunctionalization of monomers. Metal-catalyzed cross-coupling of two simple arenes via double C-H activation, or of an arene with an alkene via oxidative Heck-type reaction have been used so far for CDC polymerization. In this article, we discuss the development of CDC polymerization protocols along with the relevant small molecule CDC reactions for an improved understanding of these reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baitan Chakraborty
- pi-Conjugated Polymers Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Christine K Luscombe
- pi-Conjugated Polymers Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
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5
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Pinilla C, Salamanca V, Lledós A, Albéniz AC. Palladium-Catalyzed Ortho C-H Arylation of Unprotected Anilines: Chemo- and Regioselectivity Enabled by the Cooperating Ligand [2,2'-Bipyridin]-6(1 H)-one. ACS Catal 2022; 12:14527-14532. [PMID: 36504914 PMCID: PMC9724229 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Metal-catalyzed C-H functionalizations on the aryl ring of anilines usually need cumbersome N-protection-deprotection strategies to ensure chemoselectivity. We describe here the Pd-catalyzed direct C-H arylation of unprotected anilines with no competition of the N-arylation product. The ligand [2,2'-bipyridin]-6(1H)-one drives the chemoselectivity by kinetic differentiation in the product-forming step, while playing a cooperating role in the C-H cleavage step. The latter is favored in an anionic intermediate where the NH moiety is deprotonated, driving the regioselectivity of the reaction toward ortho substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintya Pinilla
- IU
CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Valladolid, 47071 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Vanesa Salamanca
- IU
CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Valladolid, 47071 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Agustí Lledós
- Departament
de Química, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain,Email for A.L.:
| | - Ana C. Albéniz
- IU
CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Valladolid, 47071 Valladolid, Spain,Email
for A.C.A.:
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6
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Mondal A, van Gemmeren M. Silver-Free C-H Activation: Strategic Approaches towards Realizing the Full Potential of C-H Activation in Sustainable Organic Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210825. [PMID: 36062882 PMCID: PMC9828228 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The activation of carbon-hydrogen bonds is considered as one of the most attractive techniques in synthetic organic chemistry because it bears the potential to shorten synthetic routes as well as to produce complementary product scopes compared to traditional synthetic strategies. However, many current methods employ silver salts as additives, leading to stoichiometric metal waste and thereby preventing the full potential of C-H activation to be exploited. Therefore, the development of silver-free protocols has recently received increasing attention. Mechanistically, silver can serve various roles in C-H activation and thus, avoiding the use of silver requires different approaches based on the role it serves in a given process. In this Review, we present the comparison of silver-based and silver-free methods. Focusing on the strategic approaches to develop silver-free C-H activation, we provide the reader with the means to develop sustainable methods for C-H activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arup Mondal
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 3648149MünsterGermany
| | - Manuel van Gemmeren
- Otto-Diels-Institut für Organische ChemieChristian-Albrechts-Universität zu KielOtto-Hahn-Platz 424118KielGermany
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7
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Lichte D, Pirkl N, Heinrich G, Dutta S, Goebel JF, Koley D, Gooßen LJ. Palladium-Catalyzed para-C-H Arylation of Anilines with Aromatic Halides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210009. [PMID: 36112053 PMCID: PMC9828783 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Controlling regioselectivity in C-H functionalizations is a key challenge in chemical method development. In arenes, functionalizations are most difficult to direct towards the C-H group furthest away from a substituent, in its para position. We herein demonstrate how the para-C-H arylation of anilines with non-activated aryl halides, elusive to date, is achieved by a base-assisted "metalla-tautomerism" approach. A proton is abstracted from the aniline substrate and replaced by an arylpalladium species, generated from the aryl halide coupling partner. In this step, the palladium is directed away from the N- to the tautomeric para-C-H position by a large phosphine ligand combined with a triphenylmethyl shielding group. The triphenylmethyl group is easily installed and removed, and can be recycled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Lichte
- Fakultät für Chemie und BiochemieRuhr-Universität BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Nico Pirkl
- Fakultät für Chemie und BiochemieRuhr-Universität BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Gregor Heinrich
- Fakultät für Chemie und BiochemieRuhr-Universität BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Sayan Dutta
- Department of Chemical SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)Kolkata, Mohanpur 741 246India
| | - Jonas F. Goebel
- Fakultät für Chemie und BiochemieRuhr-Universität BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Debasis Koley
- Department of Chemical SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)Kolkata, Mohanpur 741 246India
| | - Lukas J. Gooßen
- Fakultät für Chemie und BiochemieRuhr-Universität BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
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8
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Ranu B, Egorov I, Mukherjee A, Santra S, Kopchuk D, Kovalev I, Zyryanov G, Majee A, Chupakhin O, Liu Y. Mechanochemically Induced Cross Dehydrogenative Coupling Reactions under Ball Milling. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilya Egorov
- Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B N Yeltsin RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Anindita Mukherjee
- Ural'skij federal'nyj universitet imeni pervogo Prezidenta Rossii B N El'cina RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Sougata Santra
- Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B N Yeltsin RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Dmitry Kopchuk
- Institute of Organic Synthesis UB RAS RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | | | - Grigory Zyryanov
- Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B N Yeltsin RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | | | - Oleg Chupakhin
- Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B N Yeltsin RUSSIAN FEDERATION
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9
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Farshadfar K, Tizhoush SK, Ariafard A. Role of Brønsted Acids in Promoting Pd(OAc)2-Catalyzed Chlorination of Phenol Carbamates Using N-Chlorosuccinimide. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaveh Farshadfar
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Poonak, Tehran 1469669191, Iran
| | - Samaneh K. Tizhoush
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Poonak, Tehran 1469669191, Iran
| | - Alireza Ariafard
- School of Natural Sciences─Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
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10
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Li L, Zeng HH, Zhang YY, Liang JY, Zhang XZ, Peng JB. Pd/Cu catalyzed carbonylation of α-aminoaryl-tethered alkylidenecyclopropanes: synthesis of furoquinoline derivatives. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01420c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A Pd/Cu catalyzed carbonylation of α-aminoaryl-tethered ACPs for the synthesis of furoquinoline derivatives has been developed. Oxygen was used as the terminal oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Hui Zeng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, P. R. China
| | - You-Ya Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Yan Liang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Zhi Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Bao Peng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, P. R. China
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11
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Basak S, Paul T, Punniyamurthy T. Palladium-Catalyzed 2-fold C-H Activation/C-C Coupling for C4-Arylation of Indoles Using Weak Chelation. Org Lett 2021; 24:554-558. [PMID: 34968057 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed weak chelation-assisted regioselective C4-arylation of indoles has been accomplished using a readily available arene at moderate temperature. The C4-arylation, weak chelating benzoyl (Bz) directing group, cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC), broad substrate scope, and late-stage diversifications are the important practical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhajit Basak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Tripti Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
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12
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Sinha SK, Guin S, Maiti S, Biswas JP, Porey S, Maiti D. Toolbox for Distal C-H Bond Functionalizations in Organic Molecules. Chem Rev 2021; 122:5682-5841. [PMID: 34662117 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal catalyzed C-H activation has developed a contemporary approach to the omnipresent area of retrosynthetic disconnection. Scientific researchers have been tempted to take the help of this methodology to plan their synthetic discourses. This paradigm shift has helped in the development of industrial units as well, making the synthesis of natural products and pharmaceutical drugs step-economical. In the vast zone of C-H bond activation, the functionalization of proximal C-H bonds has gained utmost popularity. Unlike the activation of proximal C-H bonds, the distal C-H functionalization is more strenuous and requires distinctly specialized techniques. In this review, we have compiled various methods adopted to functionalize distal C-H bonds, mechanistic insights within each of these procedures, and the scope of the methodology. With this review, we give a complete overview of the expeditious progress the distal C-H activation has made in the field of synthetic organic chemistry while also highlighting its pitfalls, thus leaving the field open for further synthetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Kumar Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Srimanta Guin
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sudip Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Jyoti Prasad Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sandip Porey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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13
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The Activating Effect of Strong Acid for Pd-Catalyzed Directed C-H Activation by Concerted Metalation-Deprotonation Mechanism. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26134083. [PMID: 34279422 PMCID: PMC8271562 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26134083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A computational study on the origin of the activating effect for Pd-catalyzed directed C–H activation by the concerted metalation-deprotonation (CMD) mechanism is conducted. DFT calculations indicate that strong acids can make Pd catalysts coordinate with directing groups (DGs) of the substrates more strongly and lower the C–H activation energy barrier. For the CMD mechanism, the electrophilicity of the Pd center and the basicity of the corresponding acid ligand for deprotonating the C–H bond are vital to the overall C–H activation energy barrier. Furthermore, this rule might disclose the role of some additives for C–H activation.
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14
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Dutta U, Maiti S, Bhattacharya T, Maiti D. Arene diversification through distal C(sp
2
)−H functionalization. Science 2021; 372:372/6543/eabd5992. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abd5992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Uttam Dutta
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sudip Maiti
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | | | - Debabrata Maiti
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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15
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Beckers I, Krasniqi B, Kumar P, Escudero D, De Vos D. Ligand-Controlled Selectivity in the Pd-Catalyzed C–H/C–H Cross-Coupling of Indoles with Molecular Oxygen. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Beckers
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Besir Krasniqi
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Quantum Chemistry and Physical Chemistry Division, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Daniel Escudero
- Department of Chemistry, Quantum Chemistry and Physical Chemistry Division, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Dirk De Vos
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven 3001, Belgium
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16
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Mei C, Zhao M, Lu W. Equivalent Loading of Directed Arenes in Pd(II)-Catalyzed Oxidative Cross-Coupling of Aryl C-H Bonds at Room Temperature. J Org Chem 2021; 86:2714-2733. [PMID: 33443427 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The unsymmetrical biaryls (Ar1-Ar2) produced by the catalytic cross-couplings of aryl halides (Ar1-halo) with aryl metallics (Ar2-M) in the loading ratio of 1:1 are popular in chemical synthesis. In contrast, there has been less precedence on the same biaryls produced effectively from two normal aryl C-H bonds with equivalent loading. Here, we report that, in a palladium/oxidant/acid catalytic system at room temperature, one arene (Ar1-H, 1 equiv) can highly selectively couple with the other one (Ar2-H, 1 equiv) to afford the target Ar1-Ar2 just by controlling the directing groups and the substituted groups on their phenyl rings. The utility of this one-one cross-coupling is also demonstrated by synthesis of a few bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Mei
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Mengdi Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wenjun Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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17
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Wang D, Xu X, Zhang J, Zhao Y. Ligand Promoted Olefination of Anilides for Indirectly Introducing Fluorinated Functional Groups via Palladium Catalyst. J Org Chem 2021; 86:2696-2705. [PMID: 33502195 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We report a palladium-catalyzed, ligand promoted, C-H fluorine-containing olefination of anilides with 4-bromo-3,3,4,4-tetrafluorobutene as the fluorinated reagent, which has a potential transformation into other compounds due to its -CF2CF2Br functional group. -CF2CF2H was obtained by using the mild reducing agent sodium borohydride. Bioactive compounds such as aminoglutethimide derivative and propham were well-tolerated in this reaction, both of which highlight the synthetic importance of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjie Wang
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Xu Xu
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P.R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453000, P.R. China
| | - Yingsheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453000, P.R. China
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18
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Zhuang Z, Herron AN, Liu S, Yu JQ. Rapid Construction of Tetralin, Chromane, and Indane Motifs via Cyclative C-H/C-H Coupling: Four-Step Total Synthesis of (±)-Russujaponol F. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:687-692. [PMID: 33395528 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of practical C-H/C-H coupling reactions remains a challenging yet appealing synthetic venture because it circumvents the need to prefunctionalize both coupling partners for the generation of C-C bonds. Herein we report a cyclative C(sp3)-H/C(sp2)-H coupling reaction of free aliphatic acids enabled by a cyclopentane-based mono-N-protected β-amino acid ligand. This reaction uses inexpensive sodium percarbonate (Na2CO3·1.5H2O2) as the sole oxidant and generates water as the only byproduct. A range of biologically important scaffolds, including tetralins, chromanes, and indanes, can be easily prepared by this protocol. Finally, the synthetic application of this methodology is demonstrated by the concise total synthesis of (±)-russujaponol F in a four-step sequence starting from readily available phenylacetic acid and pivalic acid through sequential functionalizations of four C-H bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhuang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Alastair N Herron
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jin-Quan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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19
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Sasmal S, Dutta U, Lahiri GK, Maiti D. Transition Metals and Transition Metals/Lewis Acid Cooperative Catalysis for Directing Group Assisted para-C–H Functionalization. CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheuli Sasmal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Uttam Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Goutam Kumar Lahiri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
- Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative (WRHI) Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
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20
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Dutta U, Porey S, Pimparkar S, Mandal A, Grover J, Koodan A, Maiti D. para
‐Selective Arylation of Arenes: A Direct Route to Biaryls by Norbornene Relay Palladation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Uttam Dutta
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400 076 India
| | - Sandip Porey
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400 076 India
| | - Sandeep Pimparkar
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400 076 India
| | - Astam Mandal
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400 076 India
| | - Jagrit Grover
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400 076 India
| | - Adithyaraj Koodan
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400 076 India
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400 076 India
- Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative (WRHI) Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
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21
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Dutta U, Porey S, Pimparkar S, Mandal A, Grover J, Koodan A, Maiti D. para-Selective Arylation of Arenes: A Direct Route to Biaryls by Norbornene Relay Palladation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20831-20836. [PMID: 32754958 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biaryl compounds are extremely important structural motifs in natural products, biologically active components and pharmaceuticals. Selective synthesis of biaryls by distinguishing the subtle reactivity difference of distal arene C-H bonds are significantly challenging. Herein, we describe para-selective C-H arylation, which is acheived by a unique combination of a meta-directing group and norbornene as a transient mediator. Upon direct meta-C-H palladation, one-bond relay palladation occurs in presence of norbornene and subsequently para-C-H arylation is achieved for sulfonates, phosphonates and phenols bearing 2,6-disubstitution patterns. The protocol is amenable to electron-deficient aryl iodides. Multisubstituted arenes and phenols are obtained by postsynthetic modification of the products. The protocol allows the synthesis of hexa-substituted benzene by sequential selective distal C-H functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttam Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400 076, India
| | - Sandip Porey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400 076, India
| | - Sandeep Pimparkar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400 076, India
| | - Astam Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400 076, India
| | - Jagrit Grover
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400 076, India
| | - Adithyaraj Koodan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400 076, India
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400 076, India.,Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative (WRHI) Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
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22
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Siddiqui R, Ali R. Recent developments in photoredox-catalyzed remote ortho and para C-H bond functionalizations. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:248-280. [PMID: 32180843 PMCID: PMC7059497 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the research area of direct C-H bond functionalizations was growing exponentially not only due to the ubiquity of inert C-H bonds in diverse organic compounds, including bioactive natural and nonnatural products, but also due to its impact on the discovery of pharmaceutical candidates and the total synthesis of intricate natural products. On the other hand, more recently, the field of photoredox catalysis has become an indispensable and unparalleled research topic in modern synthetic organic chemistry for the constructions of challenging bonds, having the foremost scope in academia, pharmacy, and industry. Therefore, the development of green, simpler, and effective methodologies to accomplish direct C-H bond functionalization is well overdue and highly desirable to the scientific community. In this review, we mainly highlight the impact on, and the utility of, photoredox catalysts in inert ortho and para C-H bond functionalizations. Although a surge of research papers, including reviews, demonstrating C-H functionalizations have been published in this vital area of research, to our best knowledge, this is the first review that focuses on ortho and para C-H functionalizations by photoredox catalysis to provide atom- and step-economic organic transformations. We are certain that this review will act as a promoter to highlight the application of photoredox catalysts for the functionalization of inert bonds in the domain of synthetic organic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafia Siddiqui
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025, India
| | - Rashid Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025, India
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23
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Levesque TM, Kinney RG, Arndtsen BA. A palladium-catalyzed C-H functionalization route to ketones via the oxidative coupling of arenes with carbon monoxide. Chem Sci 2020; 11:3104-3109. [PMID: 34122815 PMCID: PMC8157493 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc00085j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the development of a new palladium-catalyzed method to generate ketones via the oxidative coupling of two arenes and CO. This transformation is catalyzed by simple palladium salts, and is postulated to proceed via the conversion of arenes into high energy aroyl triflate electrophiles. Exploiting the latter can also allow the synthesis of unsymmetrical ketones from two different arenes. A palladium catalyzed route to prepare aryl ketones from their two fundamental building blocks, two arenes and carbon monoxide, is described.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Taleah M Levesque
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - R Garrison Kinney
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Bruce A Arndtsen
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
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24
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Tezuka N, Hirano K, Uchiyama M. A Direct, Chemo-, and Regioselective Cross-Coupling Reaction of Arenes via Sequential Directed ortho Cuprations and Oxidation. Org Lett 2019; 21:9536-9540. [PMID: 31738063 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Direct cross-coupling of Csp2-H/Csp2-H bonds of two arenes was achieved in 30-76% yield via sequential directed ortho cuprations (DoCu) with the cuprate base (TMP)2Cu(CN)Li2 (1, TMP = 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidido), followed by oxidation. This methodology offers easy access to unsymmetric biaryls from arenes with a variety of directed metalation groups (DMGs) and ancillary functional groups, taking advantage of the highly chemoselective action of 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Tezuka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan.,Cluster of Pioneering Research (CPR), Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory , RIKEN , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako-shi , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
| | - Keiichi Hirano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan.,Cluster of Pioneering Research (CPR), Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory , RIKEN , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako-shi , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan.,Cluster of Pioneering Research (CPR), Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory , RIKEN , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako-shi , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan.,Research Initiative for Supra-Materials (RISM) , Shinshu University , 3-15-1 Tokida , Ueda , Nagano 386-8567 , Japan
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25
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Chatupheeraphat A, Rueping M, Magre M. Chemo- and Regioselective Magnesium-Catalyzed ortho-Alkenylation of Anilines. Org Lett 2019; 21:9153-9157. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adisak Chatupheeraphat
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Magnus Rueping
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marc Magre
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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26
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Doba T, Matsubara T, Ilies L, Shang R, Nakamura E. Homocoupling-free iron-catalysed twofold C–H activation/cross-couplings of aromatics via transient connection of reactants. Nat Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-019-0245-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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27
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Liu JR, Duan YQ, Zhang SQ, Zhu LJ, Jiang YY, Bi S, Hong X. C–H Acidity and Arene Nucleophilicity as Orthogonal Control of Chemoselectivity in Dual C–H Bond Activation. Org Lett 2019; 21:2360-2364. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Ren Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ye-Qing Duan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Shuo-Qing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Lu-Jing Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yuan-Ye Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Siwei Bi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Xin Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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28
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Cui XF, Ban ZH, Tian WF, Hu FP, Zhou XQ, Ma HJ, Zhan ZZ, Huang GS. Ruthenium-catalyzed synthesis of indole derivatives from N-aryl-2-aminopyridines and alpha-carbonyl sulfoxonium ylides. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:240-243. [PMID: 30534708 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02818d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Indole is a ubiquitous structural motif with important applications in many areas of chemistry. Given this, a simple and efficient Ru(ii)-catalyzed synthesis of indole via intermolecular annulation of N-aryl-2-aminopyridines and sulfoxonium ylides was proposed and accomplished. Excellent selectivity and good functional group tolerance of this transformation were observed. This protocol provides easy access to a wide variety of useful indoles in the presence of a commercially available [Ru(p-cymene)Cl2]2 catalyst. A possible mechanism for the reaction pathway was also proposed. More importantly, this reaction will offer a useful method for the construction of enantioenriched indole frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Feng Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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29
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Lv N, Chen Z, Liu Y, Liu Z, Zhang Y. Cobalt-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative C-H/C-H Cross-Coupling of Unactivated Arenes for the Synthesis of Biaryls. Org Lett 2018; 20:5845-5848. [PMID: 30168333 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A mild and efficient protocol for the synthesis of 2,2'-difunctional biaryls from readily available benzamides and oximes by Co(OAc)2·4H2O catalysis has been developed. The catalytic cycle that includes aerobic oxidation of Co(I) to Co(III) is successfully achieved for the first time through dual-chelation-assisted C-H/C-H coupling with the assistance of catalytic Mn(acac)3. The catalytic system exhibits powerful reactivity and tolerates a large number of sensitive functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Lv
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Zhengkai Chen
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018 , China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Zhanxiang Liu
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Yuhong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , China
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30
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Li Y, Jia C, Li H, Xu L, Wang L, Cui X. Rh(III)-Catalyzed Synthesis of 2-Alkylbenzimidazoles from Imidamides and N-Hydroxycarbamates. Org Lett 2018; 20:4930-4933. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Li
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Chunqi Jia
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Huan Li
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Linhua Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Lianhui Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Xiuling Cui
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
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31
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P S, Sau SC, Vardhanapu PK, Mandal SK. Halo-Bridged Abnormal NHC Palladium(II) Dimer for Catalytic Dehydrogenative Cross-Coupling Reactions of Heteroarenes. J Org Chem 2018; 83:9403-9411. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sreejyothi P
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Samaresh Chandra Sau
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Pavan K. Vardhanapu
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Swadhin K. Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
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32
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Igarashi T, Haito A, Chatani N, Tobisu M. Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Cleavage of Carbon–Oxygen Bonds in Anisole Derivatives Using Diisopropylaminoborane. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b02009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Igarashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akira Haito
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoto Chatani
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mamoru Tobisu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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33
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Liang QJ, Jiang B, Xu YH, Loh TP. Palladium-Catalyzed Regioselective Olefination of O-Acetyl Cyanohydrins. J Org Chem 2018; 83:8265-8271. [PMID: 29902382 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A practical palladium-catalyzed ortho-olefination of O-acetyl cyanohydrins assisted by synergetic directing groups has been developed. Thus, a range of olefinated O-acetyl cyanohydrins were synthesized in moderate to good yields. The reaction occurs efficiently with high regioselectivity and with a satisfactory tolerance of functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Ju Liang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , P. R. China
| | - Bing Jiang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , P. R. China
| | - Yun-He Xu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , P. R. China
| | - Teck-Peng Loh
- Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , P. R. China.,Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371
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34
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Zhu R, Lu S, Wang Q, Bai J, Wang Y, Yu Q, Huang J. Selectfluor-mediated mono-C–H activation: The syntheses of mono-ortho-substituted anilides. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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35
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Mei C, Lu W. Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Oxidative Homo- and Cross-Coupling of Aryl ortho-sp2 C–H Bonds of Anilides at Room Temperature. J Org Chem 2018; 83:4812-4823. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Mei
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wenjun Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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36
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Wang DY, Guo SH, Pan GF, Zhu XQ, Gao YR, Wang YQ. Direct Dehydrogenative Arylation of Benzaldehydes with Arenes Using Transient Directing Groups. Org Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Da-Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Huan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Gao-Fei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Ru Gao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, P. R. China
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37
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Verma S, Baig RBN, Nadagouda MN, Varma RS. Oxidative C-H activation of amines using protuberant lychee-like goethite. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2024. [PMID: 29386553 PMCID: PMC5792549 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20246-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Goethite with protuberant lychee morphology has been synthesized that accomplishes C-H activation of N-methylanilines to generate α-aminonitriles; the catalyst takes oxygen from air and uses it as a co-oxidant in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanny Verma
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, P. O. Box 117, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - R B Nasir Baig
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, P. O. Box 117, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Mallikarjuna N Nadagouda
- Water Systems Division, Water Resources Recovery Branch, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, MS 443, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45268, USA
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Water Systems Division, Water Resources Recovery Branch, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, MS 443, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45268, USA.
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38
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Dey A, Maity S, Maiti D. Reaching the south: metal-catalyzed transformation of the aromatic para-position. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 52:12398-12414. [PMID: 27559937 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc05235e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Regioselective functionalization of aromatic arenes has created a rapid insurgence in the modern era of organic chemistry. While the last few years have witnessed significant developments on site-selective ortho- and meta-C-H transformations, there existed very few reports on para-C-H functionalization. Recent advancements on template assisted protocols in para-C-H activation has emerged as a popular and convenient feat in this area. This review highlights the various protocols developed over the years for selective installation of suitable functional groups at the para-position of arenes thereby transforming them into value-added organic cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Dey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India.
| | - Soham Maity
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India.
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India.
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39
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Somai Magar KB, Edison TNJI, Lee YR. Regioselective Construction of Functionalized Biarylols by Fe(OTf)3
-Catalyzed Direct Arylation of 1-Diazonaphthalen-2(1H
)-ones and Their Fluorescence Properties. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - T. N. J. I. Edison
- School of Chemical Engineering; Yeungnam University; 38541 Gyeongsan Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Rok Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering; Yeungnam University; 38541 Gyeongsan Republic of Korea
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40
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Kumar S, Singh R, Singh KN. Palladium Catalyzed C−C and C−N Bond Formation via ortho
C−H Activation and Decarboxylative Strategy: A Practical Approach towards N
-Acylated Indoles. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201700872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry (Centre of Advanced Study); Institute of Science; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Rahul Singh
- Department of Chemistry (Centre of Advanced Study); Institute of Science; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Krishna Nand Singh
- Department of Chemistry (Centre of Advanced Study); Institute of Science; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi 221005 India
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41
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Wang D, Weinstein AB, White PB, Stahl SS. Ligand-Promoted Palladium-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation Reactions. Chem Rev 2017; 118:2636-2679. [PMID: 28975795 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed aerobic oxidation reactions have been the focus of industrial application and extensive research efforts for nearly 60 years. A significant transition occurred in this field approximately 20 years ago, with the introduction of catalysts supported by ancillary ligands. The ligands play crucial roles in the reactions, including promotion of direct oxidation of palladium(0) by O2, bypassing the typical requirement for Cu salts or related redox cocatalysts to facilitate oxidation of the reduced Pd catalyst; facilitation of key bond-breaking and bond-forming steps during substrate oxidation; and modulation of chemo-, regio-, or stereoselectivity of a reaction. The use of ligands has contributed to significant expansion of the scope of accessible aerobic oxidation reactions. Increased understanding of the role of ancillary ligands should promote the development of new synthetic transformations, enable improved control over the reaction selectivity, and improve catalyst activity and stability. This review surveys the different ligands that have been used to support palladium-catalyzed aerobic oxidation reactions and, where possible, describes mechanistic insights into the role played by the ancillary ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Wang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Adam B Weinstein
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Paul B White
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Shannon S Stahl
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
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Sahoo MK, Rana J, Subaramanian M, Balaraman E. Room-Temperature Direct Arylation of Anilides under External Oxidant-Free Conditions Using CO2-Derived Dimethyl Carbonate (DMC) as a ′Green′ Solvent. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K. Sahoo
- Catalysis Division; CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL); Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pune - 411008 INDIA
| | - Jagannath Rana
- Catalysis Division; CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL); Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pune - 411008 INDIA
| | - Murugan Subaramanian
- Catalysis Division; CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL); Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pune - 411008 INDIA
| | - Ekambaram Balaraman
- Catalysis Division; CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL); Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pune - 411008 INDIA
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Kianmehr E, Tanbakouchian A. Palladium-catalyzed regio- and chemoselective direct desulfitative arylation of anilides with arylsulfonyl chlorides. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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44
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Das R, Kumar GS, Kapur M. Amides as Weak Coordinating Groups in Proximal C-H Bond Activation. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riki Das
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal; Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri 462066 Bhopal MP India
| | - Gangam Srikanth Kumar
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal; Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri 462066 Bhopal MP India
| | - Manmohan Kapur
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal; Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri 462066 Bhopal MP India
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45
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Rafiee F. Synthesis of phenanthridine and phenanthridinone derivatives based on Pd-catalyzed C-H activation. Appl Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Rafiee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of physic-chemistry; Alzahra University; Vanak Tehran Iran
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46
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Kim J, Hong SH. Ligand-Promoted Direct C–H Arylation of Simple Arenes: Evidence for a Cooperative Bimetallic Mechanism. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaewoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry,
College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro
1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Hyeok Hong
- Department of Chemistry,
College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro
1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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47
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Jiang J, Zhang WM, Dai JJ, Xu J, Xu HJ. Visible-Light-Promoted C-H Arylation by Merging Palladium Catalysis with Organic Photoredox Catalysis. J Org Chem 2017; 82:3622-3630. [PMID: 28303717 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The use of a dual palladium/organic photoredox catalytic system enables the directed arylation of arenes with aryldiazonium salts with a broad substrate scope at room temperature under mild reaction conditions. This study thus serves as not only an alternative route for the biaryl motifs but also a new example for the application of an organic photoredox catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Jiang
- School of Biological and Medical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009, China
| | - Wen-Man Zhang
- School of Biological and Medical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009, China
| | - Jian-Jun Dai
- School of Biological and Medical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009, China
| | - Jun Xu
- School of Biological and Medical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009, China
| | - Hua-Jian Xu
- School of Biological and Medical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009, China
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48
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Yang L, Semba K, Nakao Y. para
‐Selective C−H Borylation of (Hetero)Arenes by Cooperative Iridium/Aluminum Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201701238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lichen Yang
- Department of Material Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Semba
- Department of Material Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nakao
- Department of Material Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
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49
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Yang L, Semba K, Nakao Y. para
‐Selective C−H Borylation of (Hetero)Arenes by Cooperative Iridium/Aluminum Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:4853-4857. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201701238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lichen Yang
- Department of Material Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Semba
- Department of Material Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nakao
- Department of Material Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
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50
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