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New Diarylamine K V10.1 Inhibitors and Their Anticancer Potential. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091963. [PMID: 36145712 PMCID: PMC9501377 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the voltage-gated potassium channel KV10.1 (Eag1) has been detected in over 70% of human cancers, making the channel a promising new target for new anticancer drug discovery. A new structural class of KV10.1 inhibitors was prepared by structural optimisation and exploration of the structure–activity relationship of the previously published hit compound ZVS-08 (1) and its optimised analogue 2. The potency and selectivity of the new inhibitors between KV10.1 and hERG were investigated using whole-cell patch-clamp experiments. We obtained two new optimised KV10.1 inhibitors, 17a and 18b, with improved nanomolar IC50 values of 568 nM and 214 nM, respectively. Compound 17a exhibited better ratio between IC50 values for hEAG1 and hERG than previously published diarylamine inhibitors. Compounds 17a and 18b moderately inhibited the growth of the KV10.1-expressing cell line MCF-7 in two independent assays. In addition, 17a and 18b also inhibited the growth of hERG-expressing Panc-1 cells with higher potency compared with MCF-7 cells. The main obstacle for newly developed diarylamine KV10.1 inhibitors remains the selectivity toward the hERG channel, which needs to be addressed with targeted drug design strategies in the future.
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2
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Poyatos M, Peris E. Insights into the past and future of Janus-di-N-heterocyclic carbenes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:12748-12763. [PMID: 34581341 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02035h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Janus di-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands are a subclass of poly-NHCs that feature coordination to two transition metals in a facially opposed manner. The combination of the structural features of Janus type ligands, with the properties conferred by the NHC ligands, has conferred Janus-di-NHCs with privileged attributes for their use in diverse areas of research, such as homogeneous catalysis, materials chemistry and supramolecular chemistry. In molecular chemistry, Janus di-NHCs constitute one of the most useful chemical platforms for constructing dimetallic structures, and this includes both homo- and hetero-dimetallic compounds. This review aims to cover the most relevant advances in the use of Janus-di-NHCs during the last 15 years, by classifying them according to their specific structural features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Poyatos
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, Castellón, E-1271, Spain.
| | - Eduardo Peris
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, Castellón, E-1271, Spain.
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Direct and selective access to amino-poly(phenylene vinylenes)s with switchable properties by dimerizing polymerization of aminoaryl carbenes. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4093. [PMID: 34215726 PMCID: PMC8253808 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24274-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the ubiquity of singlet carbenes in chemistry, their utility as true monomeric building blocks for the synthesis of functional organic polymers has been underexplored. In this work, we exploit the capability of purposely designed mono- and bis-acyclic amino(aryl)carbenes to selectively dimerize as a general strategy to access diaminoalkenes and hitherto unknown amino-containing poly(p-phenylene vinylene)s (N-PPV’s). The unique selectivity of the dimerization of singlet amino(aryl)carbenes, relative to putative C-H insertion pathways, is rationalized by DFT calculations. Of particular interest, unlike classical PPV’s, the presence of amino groups in α-position of C=C double bonds in N-PPV’s allows their physico-chemical properties to be manipulated in different ways by a simple protonation reaction. Hence, depending on the nature of the amino group (iPr2N vs. piperidine), either a complete loss of conjugation or a blue-shift of the maximum of absorption is observed, as a result of the protonation at different sites (nitrogen vs. carbon). Overall, this study highlights that singlet bis-amino(aryl)carbenes hold great promise to access functional polymeric materials with switchable properties, through a proper selection of their substitution pattern. Despite the ubiquity of singlet carbenes in chemistry, their utility as true monomeric building blocks for the synthesis of functional organic polymers has been underexplored. Here the authors show mono- and bis-acyclic amino(aryl)carbenes selectively dimerize to form diaminoalkenes and hitherto unknown amino-containing poly(p-phenylene vinylene)s.
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Discovery and development of 2-aminobenzimidazoles as potent antimalarials. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 221:113518. [PMID: 34058708 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of Plasmodium falciparum resistance to frontline antimalarials, including artemisinin combination therapies, highlights the need for new molecules that act via novel mechanisms of action. Herein, we report the design, synthesis and antimalarial activity of a series of 2-aminobenzimidazoles, featuring a phenol moiety that is crucial to the pharmacophore. Two potent molecules exhibited IC50 values against P. falciparum 3D7 strain of 42 ± 4 (3c) and 43 ± 2 nM (3g), and high potency against strains resistant to chloroquine (Dd2), artemisinin (Cam3.IIC580Y) and PfATP4 inhibitors (SJ557733), while demonstrating no cytotoxicity against human cells (HEK293, IC50 > 50 μM). The most potent molecule, possessing a 4,5-dimethyl substituted phenol (3r) displayed an IC50 value of 6.4 ± 0.5 nM against P. falciparum 3D7, representing a 12-fold increase in activity from the parent molecule. The 2-aminobenzimidazoles containing a N1-substituted phenol represent a new class of molecules that have high potency in vitro against P. falciparum malaria and low cytotoxicity. They possessed attractive pharmaceutical properties, including low molecular weight, high ligand efficiency, high solubility, synthetic tractability and low in vitro clearance in human liver microsomes.
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3D Pharmacophore-Based Discovery of Novel K V10.1 Inhibitors with Antiproliferative Activity. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061244. [PMID: 33808994 PMCID: PMC8002023 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary A novel structural class of inhibitors of the voltage-gated potassium channel KV10.1 was discovered by a ligand-based drug design method using a 3D pharmacophore model. The virtual screening hit compound ZVS-08 inhibited the channel in a voltage-dependent manner consistent with the action of a gating modifier. Structure–activity relationship studies revealed a nanomolar KV10.1 inhibitor that is selective for some KV and NaV channels but exhibits significant inhibition of the hERG channel. KV10.1 inhibitor 1 inhibited the growth of the MCF-7 cell line expressing high levels of KV10.1 and low levels of hERG more potently than the Panc1 cell line (no KV10.1 and high hERG expression). Moreover, the KV10.1 inhibitor 1 induced significant apoptosis in tumour spheroids of Colo-357 cells. This study may provide a basis for the use of computational drug design methods for the discovery of novel KV10.1 inhibitors as new promising anticancer drugs. Abstract (1) Background: The voltage-gated potassium channel KV10.1 (Eag1) is considered a near- universal tumour marker and represents a promising new target for the discovery of novel anticancer drugs. (2) Methods: We utilized the ligand-based drug discovery methodology using 3D pharmacophore modelling and medicinal chemistry approaches to prepare a novel structural class of KV10.1 inhibitors. Whole-cell patch clamp experiments were used to investigate potency, selectivity, kinetics and mode of inhibition. Anticancer activity was determined using 2D and 3D cell-based models. (3) Results: The virtual screening hit compound ZVS-08 discovered by 3D pharmacophore modelling exhibited an IC50 value of 3.70 µM against KV10.1 and inhibited the channel in a voltage-dependent manner consistent with the action of a gating modifier. Structural optimization resulted in the most potent KV10.1 inhibitor of the series with an IC50 value of 740 nM, which was potent on the MCF-7 cell line expressing high KV10.1 levels and low hERG levels, induced significant apoptosis in tumour spheroids of Colo-357 cells and was not mutagenic. (4) Conclusions: Computational ligand-based drug design methods can be successful in the discovery of new potent KV10.1 inhibitors. The main problem in the field of KV10.1 inhibitors remains selectivity against the hERG channel, which needs to be addressed in the future also with target-based drug design methods.
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6
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N-heterocyclic carbene-metal complexes as bio-organometallic antimicrobial and anticancer drugs, an update (2015–2020). Future Med Chem 2020; 12:2239-2275. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2020-0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are organic compounds that typically mimic the chemical properties of phosphines. NHCs have made a significant impact on the field of coordination and organometallic chemistry because they are easy to prepare and handle and because of their versatility and stability. Importantly, the physicochemical properties of NHCs can be easily fine-tuned by simple variation of substituents on the nitrogen atoms. Over the past few years, various NHC–metal complexes have been extensively used as metal-based drug candidates and catalysts (homogeneous or heterogeneous) for various applications. To help assist future work with these compounds, this review provides a thorough review on the latest information involving some biomedical applications of NHC–metal complexes. Specifically, this article focuses on recent advances in the design, synthesis, characterization and biomedical applications (e.g., antimicrobial and anticancer activity) of various NHC–metal complexes (metal: silver, gold, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium and platinum) covering work published from 2015 to 2020. It is hoped that the promising discoveries to date will help accelerate studies on the encouraging potential of NHC–metal complexes as a class of effective therapeutic agents.
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8
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Melancon KM, Cundari TR. Computational investigations of NHC-backbone configurations for applications in organocatalytic umpolung reactions. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:7437-7447. [PMID: 32940280 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01267j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) and multiconfigurational self-consistent field theory (MCSCF) methods are employed to investigate variation of the electronic properties of various N-heterocyclic carbenes. Alterations to the backbone by increased or decreased conjugation, heteroatom substitution in the NHC ring, and electron-donating or -withdrawing backbone substituents are modeled. The MCSCF calculations show extensive delocalization of both the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals for NHCs with polymerizable backbone substituents. The free energies of the intermediates and transition structures for benzoin condensation are also shown to be sensitive to substitution of the NHC backbone. Taken together, these results imply great sensitivity of the reactivity of poly(NHC) catalysts to backbone modification at this moiety. Implications with respect to enhancement of poly(NHC)s employed in umpolung catalysis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kortney M Melancon
- University of North Texas, Department of Chemistry, Denton, Texas 76201, USA.
| | - Thomas R Cundari
- University of North Texas, Department of Chemistry, Denton, Texas 76201, USA.
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9
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İmik F, Yaşar S, Özdemir İ. Synthesis of bridged palladium-PEPPSI complexes and catalytic studies in C–C cross-coupling reactions. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.118969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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10
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Ullah F, Shanmuganathan S, Schindler C, Jones PG, Heinicke JW. Influence of pyrido-annulation on N,N′-dineopentyl-imidazolin-2-ylidene and associated transition metal complexes; comparison with benzo-, naphtho- and quinoxalino-annulation. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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11
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Smith CA, Narouz MR, Lummis PA, Singh I, Nazemi A, Li CH, Crudden CM. N-Heterocyclic Carbenes in Materials Chemistry. Chem Rev 2019; 119:4986-5056. [PMID: 30938514 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have become one of the most widely studied class of ligands in molecular chemistry and have found applications in fields as varied as catalysis, the stabilization of reactive molecular fragments, and biochemistry. More recently, NHCs have found applications in materials chemistry and have allowed for the functionalization of surfaces, polymers, nanoparticles, and discrete, well-defined clusters. In this review, we provide an in-depth look at recent advances in the use of NHCs for the development of functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christene A Smith
- Department of Chemistry , Queen's University , 90 Bader Lane , Kingston , Ontario , Canada , K7L 3N6
| | - Mina R Narouz
- Department of Chemistry , Queen's University , 90 Bader Lane , Kingston , Ontario , Canada , K7L 3N6
| | - Paul A Lummis
- Department of Chemistry , Queen's University , 90 Bader Lane , Kingston , Ontario , Canada , K7L 3N6
| | - Ishwar Singh
- Department of Chemistry , Queen's University , 90 Bader Lane , Kingston , Ontario , Canada , K7L 3N6
| | - Ali Nazemi
- Department of Chemistry , Queen's University , 90 Bader Lane , Kingston , Ontario , Canada , K7L 3N6
| | - Chien-Hung Li
- Department of Chemistry , Queen's University , 90 Bader Lane , Kingston , Ontario , Canada , K7L 3N6
| | - Cathleen M Crudden
- Department of Chemistry , Queen's University , 90 Bader Lane , Kingston , Ontario , Canada , K7L 3N6.,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, ITbM-WPI , Nagoya University , Nagoya , Chikusa 464-8601 , Japan
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12
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Hooper R, Mason A, Montgomery M, Clinebell B, Gaynor R, McMillen C, Tapu D. A stable Cerberus tris(maloNHC) and its coinage metal complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:5942-5945. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc01892a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first stable trisanionic Cerberus-type tris(maloNHC) was synthesized and incorporated into two different zwitterionic coinage metal complexes (Au(i) and Ag(i)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Reagan Hooper
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Kennesaw State University
- Kennesaw
- USA
| | - Alexander Mason
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Kennesaw State University
- Kennesaw
- USA
| | - Maleek Montgomery
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Kennesaw State University
- Kennesaw
- USA
| | - Braden Clinebell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Kennesaw State University
- Kennesaw
- USA
| | - Ryan Gaynor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Kennesaw State University
- Kennesaw
- USA
| | - Colin McMillen
- X-ray Crystallography Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Clemson University
- Clemson
- USA
| | - Daniela Tapu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Kennesaw State University
- Kennesaw
- USA
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13
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Sayin K, Kariper SE, Taştan M, Sayin TA, Karakaş D. Investigations of structural, spectral, electronic and biological properties of N-heterocyclic carbene Ag(I) and Pd(II) complexes. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.08.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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14
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Gan MM, Liu JQ, Zhang L, Wang YY, Hahn FE, Han YF. Preparation and Post-Assembly Modification of Metallosupramolecular Assemblies from Poly(N-Heterocyclic Carbene) Ligands. Chem Rev 2018; 118:9587-9641. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Gan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Quan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Le Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Yao-Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, P. R. China
| | - F. Ekkehardt Hahn
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, P. R. China
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ying-Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, P. R. China
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15
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Hameury S, de Frémont P, Braunstein P. Metal complexes with oxygen-functionalized NHC ligands: synthesis and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:632-733. [PMID: 28083579 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00499g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ligand design has met with considerable success with both categories of hybrid ligands, which are characterized by chemically different donor groups, and of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs). Their spectacular development and diversity are attracting worldwide interest and offers almost unlimited diversity and potential in e.g. coordination/organometallic main group and transition metal chemistry, catalysis, medicinal chemistry and materials science. This review aims at providing a comprehensive update on a specific class of ligands that has enjoyed much attention in the past few years, at the intersection between the two categories mentioned above, that of hybrid NHC ligands in which the functionality associated with the carbene donor is of the oxygen-donor type. For each type of oxygen-donor present in such chelating (Section 1) or bridging (Section 2) hybrid ligands, we will examine the synthesis, structures and reactivity of their metal complexes and their applications, with a special focus on homogeneous catalysis (Section 3). Thus, hydrogenation, C-H bond activation, C-C, C-N, C-O bond formation, hydrolysis of silanes, oligomerization, polymerization, metathesis, hydrosilylation, C-C bond cleavage, acceptorless dehydrogenation, dehalogenation/hydrogen transfer, oxidation and reduction reactions will be successively presented in a tabular manner, to facilitate an overview and a rapid identification of the relevant publications describing which metals associated with a given oxygen functionality are most suitable. The literature coverage includes the year 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Hameury
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, CHIMIE UMR 7177, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg, France. and Universität Freiburg, Makromolekulare Chemie, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pierre de Frémont
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, CHIMIE UMR 7177, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg, France. and Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, CHIMIE UMR 7177, Laboratoire de Synthèse, Réactivité et Catalyse Organométalliques, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre Braunstein
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, CHIMIE UMR 7177, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg, France.
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16
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Carter A, Mason A, Baker MA, Bettler DG, Changas A, McMillen CD, Tapu D. Janus-Type Bis(maloNHC) and Its Zwitterionic Gold and Silver Metal Complexes. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Carter
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, 370 Paulding Avenue NW, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144, United States
| | - Alexander Mason
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, 370 Paulding Avenue NW, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144, United States
| | - Michael A. Baker
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, 370 Paulding Avenue NW, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144, United States
| | - Donald G. Bettler
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, 370 Paulding Avenue NW, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144, United States
| | - Angelo Changas
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, 370 Paulding Avenue NW, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144, United States
| | - Colin D. McMillen
- Department
of Chemistry, Clemson University, 379 Hunter Laboratories, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Daniela Tapu
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, 370 Paulding Avenue NW, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144, United States
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17
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Matsuoka SI, Kamijo Y, Suzuki M. Post-polymerization modification of unsaturated polyesters by Michael addition of N-heterocyclic carbenes. Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2017.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Zhong R, Lindhorst AC, Groche FJ, Kühn FE. Immobilization of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Compounds: A Synthetic Perspective. Chem Rev 2017; 117:1970-2058. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhong
- Molecular Catalysis, Department
of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Anja C. Lindhorst
- Molecular Catalysis, Department
of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Florian J. Groche
- Molecular Catalysis, Department
of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Fritz E. Kühn
- Molecular Catalysis, Department
of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching bei München, Germany
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19
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Qu F, Yang B, He Q, Bu W. Synthesis of platinum(ii) complex end functionalized star polymers: luminescence enhancements and unimolecular micelles in solvents of weakened quality. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00993c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Platinum(ii) complex end functionalized star polymers have been synthesized by reacting K2PtCl4 with star ligands ended with 2,6-bis(benzimidazol-2′-yl)pyridine. They show luminescence enhancements and form unimolecular micelles in solvents of weakened quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Qu
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou City
| | - Beihong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou City
| | - Qun He
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou City
| | - Weifeng Bu
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou City
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20
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Liu M, Namyslo JC, Nieger M, Polamo M, Schmidt A. From betaines to anionic N-heterocyclic carbenes. Borane, gold, rhodium, and nickel complexes starting from an imidazoliumphenolate and its carbene tautomer. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:2673-2681. [PMID: 28144338 PMCID: PMC5238575 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The mesomeric betaine imidazolium-1-ylphenolate forms a borane adduct with tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane by coordination with the phenolate oxygen, whereas its NHC tautomer 1-(2-phenol)imidazol-2-ylidene reacts with (triphenylphosphine)gold(I) chloride to give the cationic NHC complex [Au(NHC)2][Cl] by coordination with the carbene carbon atom. The anionic N-heterocyclic carbene 1-(2-phenolate)imidazol-2-ylidene gives the complexes [K][Au(NHC-)2], [Rh(NHC-)3] and [Ni(NHC-)2], respectively. Results of four single crystal analyses are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- Clausthal University of Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leibnizstrasse 6, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Jan C Namyslo
- Clausthal University of Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leibnizstrasse 6, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| | - Martin Nieger
- University of Helsinki, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 55, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Polamo
- University of Helsinki, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 55, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andreas Schmidt
- Clausthal University of Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leibnizstrasse 6, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
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Deck E, Reiter K, Klopper W, Breher F. A Dinuclear Gold(I) Bis(Carbene) Complex Based on a Ditopic Cyclic (Aryl)(Amino)Carbene Framework. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201600346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Deck
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Engesserstr. 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Kevin Reiter
- Institute of Physical Chemistry; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Fritz-Haber-Weg 2 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Wim Klopper
- Institute of Physical Chemistry; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Fritz-Haber-Weg 2 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Frank Breher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Engesserstr. 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
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22
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Seva L, Hwang WS, Sabiah S. Palladium biphenyl N-heterocyclic carbene complexes: Synthesis, structure and their catalytic efficiency in water mediated Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2016.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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23
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Winter A, Schubert US. Synthesis and characterization of metallo-supramolecular polymers. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:5311-57. [PMID: 27218823 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00182c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of metal centers into the backbone of polymers has led to the development of a broad range of organometallic and coordination compounds featuring properties that are relevant for potential applications in diverse areas of research, ranging from energy storage/conversion to bioactive or self-healing materials. In this review, the basic concepts and synthetic strategies leading to these types of materials as well as the scope of available characterization techniques will be summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Winter
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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24
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Lin YF, Liu CH, Hu CH, Chiu CW. Non-chelating polydentate N-heterocyclic carbenes through assembly approaches. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2015.1128918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Fan Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsun Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hao Hu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wen Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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25
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Nandy A, Samanta T, Mallick S, Mitra P, Seth SK, Saha KD, Al-Deyab SS, Dinda J. Synthesis of gold(iii) ← gold(i)–NHC through disproportionation: the role of gold(i)–NHC in the induction of apoptosis in HepG2 cells. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj02979a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The anticancer activities of novel Au(i) and Au(iii)–NHC complexes based on 2-[(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)]imidazo[1,5-a]pyridin-4-ylium hexafluorophosphate have been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Nandy
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata-700032
- India
| | - Tapastaru Samanta
- School of Applied Science
- Haldia Institute of Technology
- Purba Medinipur
- India
| | - Sumana Mallick
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata-700032
- India
| | - Partha Mitra
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Sciences
- Kolkata-700032
- India
| | | | - Krishna Das Saha
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology
- Kolkata-700032
- India
| | - Salem S. Al-Deyab
- Chemistry Department
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Joydev Dinda
- Department of Chemistry
- Utkal University
- Bhubaneswar-751004
- India
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26
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Peris E. Polyaromatic N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and π-stacking. Catalytic consequences. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:5777-87. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc02017h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This article highlights how π-stacking interactions have an important influence on the catalytic properties of transition metal complexes decorated with rigid polyaromatic ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Peris
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM)
- Universitat Jaume I
- 12071 Castellón
- Spain
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27
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Pd(II)–N-heterocyclic carbene complexes of annelated ligand: Synthesis, characterization, and catalytic activity. Inorganica Chim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2015.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Nirmala M, Prakash G, Viswanathamurthi P, Malecki JG. An attractive route to transamidation catalysis: Facile synthesis of new o-aryloxide-N-heterocyclic carbene ruthenium(II) complexes containing trans triphenylphosphine donors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2015.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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29
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30
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Fantuzzi F, Chaer Nascimento MA. Prediction of Boron-Boron Triple-Bond Polymers Stabilized by Janus-Type Bis(N-heterocyclic) Carbenes. Chemistry 2015; 21:7814-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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32
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Chen YH, Peng KE, Lee GH, Peng SM, Chiu CW. Symmetrical non-chelating poly-N-heterocyclic carbenes. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra12597e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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33
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Ruiz-Botella S, Peris E. Phenylene- and Biphenylene-Bridged Bis-Imidazolylidenes of Palladium. Influence of the Presence of Pyrene Tags on the Catalytic Activity of the Complexes. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500765u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Ruiz-Botella
- Departamento
de Quı́mica
Inorgánica y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicente
Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Eduardo Peris
- Departamento
de Quı́mica
Inorgánica y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicente
Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
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34
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Borré E, Dahm G, Aliprandi A, Mauro M, Dagorne S, Bellemin-Laponnaz S. Tridentate Complexes of Group 10 Bearing Bis-Aryloxide N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands: Synthesis, Structural, Spectroscopic, and Computational Characterization. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om5003446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Borré
- Institut
de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg CNRS UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, BP 43, F-67034 Strasbourg Cedex
2, France
| | - Georges Dahm
- Institut
de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg CNRS UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, BP 43, F-67034 Strasbourg Cedex
2, France
| | - Alessandro Aliprandi
- Laboratoire
de Chimie et des Biomatériaux Supramoléculaires, Institut
de Science et d’Ingénierie Supramoléculaires
(ISIS), Université de Strasbourg UMR 7006, 8 allée
Gaspard Monge, F-67083 Strasbourg, France
| | - Matteo Mauro
- Laboratoire
de Chimie et des Biomatériaux Supramoléculaires, Institut
de Science et d’Ingénierie Supramoléculaires
(ISIS), Université de Strasbourg UMR 7006, 8 allée
Gaspard Monge, F-67083 Strasbourg, France
- University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study (USIAS), 5 allée du Général Rouvillois, 67083 Strasbourg, France
| | - Samuel Dagorne
- Institut
de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg UMR 7177, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Stéphane Bellemin-Laponnaz
- Institut
de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg CNRS UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, BP 43, F-67034 Strasbourg Cedex
2, France
- University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study (USIAS), 5 allée du Général Rouvillois, 67083 Strasbourg, France
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35
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Hameury S, de Frémont P, Breuil PAR, Olivier-Bourbigou H, Braunstein P. Synthesis and Characterization of Palladium(II) and Nickel(II) Alcoholate-Functionalized NHC Complexes and of Mixed Nickel(II)–Lithium(I) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:5189-200. [DOI: 10.1021/ic500349t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Hameury
- Laboratoire
de Chimie de Coordination, Institut de Chimie (UMR 7177 CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre de Frémont
- Laboratoire
de Chimie de Coordination, Institut de Chimie (UMR 7177 CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | - Pierre Braunstein
- Laboratoire
de Chimie de Coordination, Institut de Chimie (UMR 7177 CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032, 67081 Strasbourg, France
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36
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Majhi PK, Schnakenburg G, Streubel R. From bis(imidazole-2-thion-4-yl)phosphane to a flexible P-bridged bis(NHC) ligand and its silver complex. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:16673-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02479f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of the first P(v)-bridged bis(NHC) ligand 7 was achieved via deprotonation of P(v)-functionalized bis(imidazolium) salt 6, which was obtained via oxidative desulfurization of bis(imidazole-2-thion-4-yl)phosphane 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paresh Kumar Majhi
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
- 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
- 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Rainer Streubel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
- 53121 Bonn, Germany
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37
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Mondal M, Ranjeesh TK, Gupta SK, Choudhury J. Labile coordination approach for the modulation of the electronic properties of ruthenium(ii) and iridium(iii) complexes within an “N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)–pyridyl” dynamic platform. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:9356-62. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt00551a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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38
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Tapu D, McCarty Z, McMillen C. A stable Janus bis(maloNHC) and its zwitterionic coinage metal complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:4725-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc01200c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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39
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Suzuki Y, Ono RJ, Ueda M, Bielawski CW. N-heterocyclic carbene enabled synthesis of conjugated polymers. Eur Polym J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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40
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Reindl SA, Pöthig A, Drees M, Bechlars B, Herdtweck E, Herrmann WA, Kühn FE. Pyrazolato-Bridged Dinuclear Complexes of Ruthenium(II) and Rhodium(III) with N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands: Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrochemical Properties. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om400106f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan A. Reindl
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Chair of Inorganic
Chemistry/Molecular Catalysis, Catalysis Research
Center, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Straße 1, D-85747 Garching bei München,
Germany
| | - Alexander Pöthig
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Chair of Inorganic
Chemistry/Molecular Catalysis, Catalysis Research
Center, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Straße 1, D-85747 Garching bei München,
Germany
| | - Markus Drees
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Chair of Inorganic
Chemistry/Molecular Catalysis, Catalysis Research
Center, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Straße 1, D-85747 Garching bei München,
Germany
| | - Bettina Bechlars
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Chair of Inorganic
Chemistry/Molecular Catalysis, Catalysis Research
Center, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Straße 1, D-85747 Garching bei München,
Germany
| | - Eberhardt Herdtweck
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Chair of Inorganic
Chemistry/Molecular Catalysis, Catalysis Research
Center, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Straße 1, D-85747 Garching bei München,
Germany
| | - Wolfgang A. Herrmann
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Chair of Inorganic
Chemistry/Molecular Catalysis, Catalysis Research
Center, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Straße 1, D-85747 Garching bei München,
Germany
| | - Fritz E. Kühn
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Chair of Inorganic
Chemistry/Molecular Catalysis, Catalysis Research
Center, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Straße 1, D-85747 Garching bei München,
Germany
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41
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Adhikary SD, Seth SK, Senapati MR, Dinda J. Binuclear luminescent silver(I) – N-heterocyclic carbene complex derived from 1-picolyl-3-pyrimidylbenzimidazoliumhexaflurophosphate. J Mol Struct 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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42
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Jishkariani D, Hall CD, Demircan A, Tomlin BJ, Steel PJ, Katritzky AR. Push-Pull Triazenes Derived from 1-(Benzylideneamino)- and 1-(Sulfonimido)-azolylidenes. J Org Chem 2013; 78:3349-54. [DOI: 10.1021/jo302697q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Davit Jishkariani
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds,
Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - C. Dennis Hall
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds,
Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Aydin Demircan
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds,
Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Nigde University, 51240 Nigde, Turkey
| | - Blake J. Tomlin
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds,
Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | | | - Alan R. Katritzky
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds,
Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
- Department of Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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43
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Fèvre M, Pinaud J, Gnanou Y, Vignolle J, Taton D. N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) as organocatalysts and structural components in metal-free polymer synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:2142-72. [PMID: 23288304 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35383k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 395] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) has witnessed tremendous development in the past two decades: NHCs have not only become versatile ligands for transition metals, but have also emerged as powerful organic catalysts in molecular chemistry and, more recently, in metal-free polymer synthesis. To understand the success of NHCs, this review first presents the electronic properties of NHCs, their main synthetic methods, their handling, and their reactivity. Their ability to activate key functional groups (e.g. aldehydes, esters, heterocycles, silyl ketene acetals, alcohols) is then discussed in the context of molecular chemistry. Focus has been placed on the activation of substrates finding analogies with monomers (e.g. bis-aldehydes, multi-isocyanates, cyclic esters, epoxides, N-carboxyanhydrides, etc.) and/or initiators (e.g. hydroxy- or trimethylsilyl-containing reagents) employed in such "organopolymerisation" reactions utilizing NHCs. A variety of metal-free polymers, including aliphatic polyesters and polyethers, poly(α-peptoid)s, poly(meth)acrylates, polyurethanes, or polysiloxanes can be obtained in this way. The last section covers the use of NHCs as structural components of the polymer chain. Indeed, NHC-based photoinitiators, chain transfer agents or functionalizing agents, as well as bifunctional NHC monomer substrates, can also serve for metal-free polymer synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maréva Fèvre
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, 16 avenue Pey-Berland, F-33607 Pessac cedex, France
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44
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Komiya N, Yoshida A, Naota T. Synthesis and structure of vaulted trans-Bis[1-(2-phenoxy)-imidazol-2-ylidene-C2,O]platinum(II) complex. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2012.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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45
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Xia CL, Xie CF, Wu YF, Sun HM, Shen Q, Zhang Y. Efficient cross-coupling of aryl Grignard reagents with alkyl halides by recyclable ionic iron(iii) complexes bearing a bis(phenol)-functionalized benzimidazolium cation. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:8135-44. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41376d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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46
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Wang YT, Chang MT, Lee GH, Peng SM, Chiu CW. Planar tris-N-heterocyclic carbenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:7258-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc43278e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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47
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Gusev DG, Peris E. The Tolman electronic parameter (TEP) and the metal–metal electronic communication in ditopic NHC complexes. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:7359-64. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt32959c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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48
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Slamani A, Demir S, Özdemir İ. Use of benzimidazolium salts for in situ generation of palladium catalysts in Heck reactions in water. CATAL COMMUN 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2012.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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49
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Chardon E, Puleo GL, Dahm G, Fournel S, Guichard G, Bellemin-Laponnaz S. Easy Derivatisation of Group 10 N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes and In Vitro Evaluation of an Anticancer Oestradiol Conjugate. Chempluschem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201200092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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50
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Budagumpi S, Haque RA, Salman AW. Stereochemical and structural characteristics of single- and double-site Pd(II)–N-heterocyclic carbene complexes: Promising catalysts in organic syntheses ranging from CC coupling to olefin polymerizations. Coord Chem Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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