1
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Jiang HJ, Zuo H, Zhu M, Sharanov I, Irran E, Klare HFT, Tshepelevitsh S, Lõkov M, Leito I, Oestreich M. Chiral Carborane Acids Decorated with Binol-Based Phosphonates: Synthesis, Characterization, and Application. J Org Chem 2024; 89:756-760. [PMID: 38109189 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The syntheses of hexabrominated closo-carborates decorated with different chiral Binol-derived phosphonates and their conjugate acids are described. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals a polymeric structure for the sodium salt with the anionic units connected by [B-Br-Na-O═P]+ linkages. For the acid, coordination of the proton to the phosphonate's P═O oxygen atom is assumed. The pKa value was estimated by combining experiments and computations. Application of these Brønsted acids as chiral catalysts in an imino-ene and a Mukaiyama-Mannich reaction was moderately successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Jie Jiang
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Honghua Zuo
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Min Zhu
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Illia Sharanov
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Irran
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hendrik F T Klare
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sofja Tshepelevitsh
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Märt Lõkov
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ivo Leito
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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2
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Hamdaoui M, Liu F, Cornaton Y, Lu X, Shi X, Zhang H, Liu J, Spingler B, Djukic JP, Duttwyler S. An Iridium-Stabilized Borenium Intermediate. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:18359-18374. [PMID: 36173688 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Exploration of new organometallic systems based on polyhedral boron clusters has the potential to solve challenging chemical problems such as the stabilization of reactive intermediates and transition-state-like species postulated for E-H (E = H, B, C, Si) bond activation reactions. We report on facile and clean B-H activation of a hydroborane by a new iridium boron cluster complex. The product of this reaction is an unprecedented and fully characterized transition metal-stabilized boron cation or borenium. Moreover, this intermediate bears an unusual intramolecular B···H interaction between the hydrogen originating from the activated hydroborane and the cyclometallated metal-bonded boron atom of the boron cluster. This B···H interaction is proposed to be an arrested insertion of hydrogen into the Bcage-metal bond and the initiation step for iridium "cage-walking" around the upper surface of the boron cluster. The "cage-walking" process is supported by the hydrogen-deuterium exchange observed at the boron cluster, and a mechanism is proposed on the basis of theoretical methods with a special focus on the role of noncovalent interactions. All new compounds were isolated and fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Key compounds were studied by single crystal X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha Hamdaoui
- Department of Chemistry, Zheijang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Fan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zheijang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yann Cornaton
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Systémique Organométalliques, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg UMR 7177 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Xingyu Lu
- Instrumentation Service Center for Molecular Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Xiaohuo Shi
- Instrumentation Service Center for Molecular Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Instrumentation Service Center for Molecular Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Jiyong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zheijang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Bernhard Spingler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Pierre Djukic
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Systémique Organométalliques, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg UMR 7177 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Simon Duttwyler
- Department of Chemistry, Zheijang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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3
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Tej V, McArthur S, Banda I, Gregory A, Fisher SP, McArthur S, Lavallo V. Fusing 10-vertex closo-Carborane Anions with N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:10580-10582. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02596e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Discovered by Knöth in 1964, the 10-vertex closo-carborane anion [HCB9H91-] is a classical bicapped square antiprism that contains an unusual pentacoordinate carbon center. Compared to its larger icosahedral cousin [HCB11H111-],...
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4
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Lovera SO, Bagsdasarian AL, Guo J, Nelson HM, Lavallo V. Cesium carbonate mediated C–H functionalization of perhalogenated 12-vertex carborane anions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:4060-4062. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00173j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
C–H functionalization of undecahalogenated carborane anions, [HCB11X11−] (X = Cl, Br, I), is performed with Cs2CO3 in acetonitrile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio O. Lovera
- Departments of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | | | - Juchen Guo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Hosea M. Nelson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Vincent Lavallo
- Departments of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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5
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Duttwyler S. Derivatization of monocarborane and dodecaborate anions by controlled B H activation. ADVANCES IN CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.acat.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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6
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Sivaev IB. Functional Group Directed B–H Activation of Polyhedral Boron Hydrides by Transition Metal Complexes (Review). RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036023621090151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Sivaev IB, Stogniy MY, Bregadze VI. Transition metal complexes with carboranylphosphine ligands. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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8
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Liu XR, Cui PF, Guo ST, Yuan RZ, Jin GX. Stepwise B–H bond activation of a meta-carborane. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi00732g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Stepwise multiple B–H bond activation is a major challenge in synthetic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ran Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Fei Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Ting Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Run-Ze Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Xin Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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9
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Hailmann M, Radacki K, Finze M. Silver(I) Clusters Stabilized by the Carba‐
closo
‐dodecaboranylethynyl Ligand with
O
‐Donor Coligands and Template Ions. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202000009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hailmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB) Julius‐Maximilians‐Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Krzysztof Radacki
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB) Julius‐Maximilians‐Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Maik Finze
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Institut für nachhaltige Chemie & Katalyse mit Bor (ICB) Julius‐Maximilians‐Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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10
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Dontha R, Zhu T, Shen Y, Wörle M, Hong X, Duttwyler S. A 3D Analogue of Phenyllithium: Solution‐Phase, Solid‐State, and Computational Study of the Lithiacarborane [Li−CB
11
H
11
]
−. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:19007-19013. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201910568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Dontha
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang University 38 Zheda Road 310027 Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Tian‐Cheng Zhu
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang University 38 Zheda Road 310027 Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Yunjun Shen
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang University 38 Zheda Road 310027 Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Michael Wörle
- Laboratory of Inorganic ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Xin Hong
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang University 38 Zheda Road 310027 Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Simon Duttwyler
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang University 38 Zheda Road 310027 Hangzhou P. R. China
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11
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Fisher SP, McArthur SG, Tej V, Lee SE, Chan AL, Banda I, Gregory A, Berkley K, Tsay C, Rheingold AL, Guisado-Barrios G, Lavallo V. Strongly Coordinating Ligands To Form Weakly Coordinating Yet Functional Organometallic Anions. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 142:251-256. [PMID: 31804820 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Weakly coordinating anions (WCAs) are generally tailored to act as spectators with little or no function. Here we describe the implementation of strongly coordinating dianionic carboranyl N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) to create organometallic -ate complexes of Au(I) that serve both as WCAs and functional catalysts. These organometallic WCAs can be utilized to form both heterobimetallic (Au(I)-/Ag(I)+; Au(I)-/Ir(I)+) and organometallic/main group ion pairs (Au(I)-/(CPh3+ or SiEt3+). Because parent unfunctionalized dianionic carboranyl NHC complex 3 is unstable in most solvents when paired with CPh3+, novel synthesis methodology was devised to create polyhalogenated carboranyl NHCs, which show superior stability toward electrophilic substitution and cyclometalation chemistry. Additionally, the WCAs containing polyhalogenated carboranyl NHCs are among the most active catalysts reported for the hydroamination of alkynes. This investigation has also produced the first examples of a low-coordinate Au(III) center with two cis accessible coordination sites and the first true dianionic carbene. These studies pave the way for the design of functional ion pairs that have the potential to participate in tandem or cooperative small-molecule activation and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven P Fisher
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Catalysis , University of California-Riverside , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - Scott G McArthur
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Catalysis , University of California-Riverside , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - Varun Tej
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Catalysis , University of California-Riverside , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - Sarah E Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Catalysis , University of California-Riverside , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - Allen L Chan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Catalysis , University of California-Riverside , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - Isaac Banda
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Catalysis , University of California-Riverside , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - Aaron Gregory
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Catalysis , University of California-Riverside , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - Kevin Berkley
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Catalysis , University of California-Riverside , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - Charlene Tsay
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Catalysis , University of California-Riverside , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - Arnold L Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California-San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Gregorio Guisado-Barrios
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM) , Universitat Jaume I , Avda. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n , Castellón E-12071 , Spain
| | - Vincent Lavallo
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Catalysis , University of California-Riverside , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
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12
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Dontha R, Zhu T, Shen Y, Wörle M, Hong X, Duttwyler S. A 3D Analogue of Phenyllithium: Solution‐Phase, Solid‐State, and Computational Study of the Lithiacarborane [Li−CB
11
H
11
]
−. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201910568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Dontha
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang University 38 Zheda Road 310027 Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Tian‐Cheng Zhu
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang University 38 Zheda Road 310027 Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Yunjun Shen
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang University 38 Zheda Road 310027 Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Michael Wörle
- Laboratory of Inorganic ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Xin Hong
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang University 38 Zheda Road 310027 Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Simon Duttwyler
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang University 38 Zheda Road 310027 Hangzhou P. R. China
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13
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Cui P, Gao Y, Guo S, Lin Y, Li Z, Jin G. Metalloradicals Supported by a
meta
‐Carborane Ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:8129-8133. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201903467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng‐Fei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Department of Chemistry Fudan University 2005 Songhu road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Yang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Department of Chemistry Fudan University 2005 Songhu road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Shu‐Ting Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Department of Chemistry Fudan University 2005 Songhu road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Yue‐Jian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Department of Chemistry Fudan University 2005 Songhu road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Zhen‐Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Department of Chemistry Fudan University 2005 Songhu road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Guo‐Xin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Department of Chemistry Fudan University 2005 Songhu road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
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14
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Cui P, Gao Y, Guo S, Lin Y, Li Z, Jin G. Metalloradicals Supported by a
meta
‐Carborane Ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201903467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng‐Fei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Department of Chemistry Fudan University 2005 Songhu road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Yang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Department of Chemistry Fudan University 2005 Songhu road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Shu‐Ting Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Department of Chemistry Fudan University 2005 Songhu road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Yue‐Jian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Department of Chemistry Fudan University 2005 Songhu road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Zhen‐Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Department of Chemistry Fudan University 2005 Songhu road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Guo‐Xin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Department of Chemistry Fudan University 2005 Songhu road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
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15
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Fisher SP, Tomich AW, Lovera SO, Kleinsasser JF, Guo J, Asay MJ, Nelson HM, Lavallo V. Nonclassical Applications of closo-Carborane Anions: From Main Group Chemistry and Catalysis to Energy Storage. Chem Rev 2019; 119:8262-8290. [PMID: 30707011 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Classically closo-carborane anions, particularly [HCB11H11]- and [HCB9H9]-, and their derivatives have primarily been used as weakly coordinating anions to isolate reactive intermediates, platforms for stoichiometric and catalytic functionalization, counteranions for simple Lewis acid catalysis, and components of materials like liquid crystals. The aim of this article is to educate the reader on the contemporary nonclassical applications of these anions. Specifically, this review will cover new directions in main group catalysis utilized to achieve some of the most challenging catalytic reactions such as C-F, C-H, and C-C functionalizations that are difficult or impossible to realize with transition metals. In addition, the review will cover the utilization of the clusters as dianionic C σ-bound ligands for coordination chemistry, ligand substituents for coordination chemistry and advanced catalyst design, and covalently bound spectator substituents to stabilize radicals. Furthermore, their applications as solution-based and solid-state electrolytes for Li, Na, and Mg batteries will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Fisher
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Riverside , 501 Big Springs Road , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - A W Tomich
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Riverside , 501 Big Springs Road , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - S O Lovera
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Riverside , 501 Big Springs Road , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - J F Kleinsasser
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Riverside , 501 Big Springs Road , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - J Guo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , University of California, Riverside , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - M J Asay
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - H M Nelson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - V Lavallo
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Riverside , 501 Big Springs Road , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
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16
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Fisher SP, Tomich AW, Guo J, Lavallo V. Teaching an old dog new tricks: new directions in fundamental and applied closo-carborane anion chemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:1684-1701. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc09663e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this feature article we cover new directions in the fundamental and applied chemistry of the closo-carborane anions [HCB11H11]−1 and [HCB9H9]−1, including energy storage applications, ionic liquids, anionic carborane fused heterocycles/radicals, ligand substituents, and ligands for catalysis and coordination chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juchen Guo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- University of California Riverside
- Riverside
- USA
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17
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Jiang T, Zhang K, Shen Y, Hamdaoui M, Dontha R, Liu J, Spingler B, Duttwyler S. The 12-ethynylmonocarba-closo-dodecaborate anion as a versatile ligand for Cu(i) alkyne and heterobimetallic Cu(i)/M(ii) (M = Pd, Pt) alkynide complexes. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:17192-17199. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03272j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The anionic 12-ethynyl-monocarba-closo-dodecaborate cluster is employed as a ligand for the preparation of Cu(i) and heterobimetallic Cu(i)/Pd(ii) or Cu(i)/Pt(ii) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- 310027 Hangzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Kang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- 310027 Hangzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Yunjun Shen
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- 310027 Hangzhou
- P.R. China
| | | | - Rakesh Dontha
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- 310027 Hangzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Jiyong Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- 310027 Hangzhou
- P.R. China
| | | | - Simon Duttwyler
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- 310027 Hangzhou
- P.R. China
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18
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Kleinsasser JF, Lee SE, Lugo CA, Tej V, McArthur SG, Lavallo V. Synthesis of an anionic Au(I) hydroamination precatalyst supported by charged hydrido-carboranyl phosphine ligands. Polyhedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2018.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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19
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Eleazer BJ, Peryshkov DV. Coordination Chemistry of Carborane Clusters: Metal-Boron Bonds in Carborane, Carboranyl, and Carboryne Complexes. COMMENT INORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/02603594.2018.1465939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bennett J. Eleazer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Dmitry V. Peryshkov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
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20
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Dopke JA, Lincoln ZS, Blazejewski J, Staples RJ, Lee ME. Microwave synthesis of charge-compensated dodecaborates bearing exohedral boron-phosphorus connectivities. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Duttwyler S. Recent advances in B–H functionalization of icosahedral carboranes and boranes by transition metal catalysis. PURE APPL CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2017-1202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Significant progress in the functionalization of icosahedral boron clusters has been made in the past years, leading to an increasing number of applications in various fields of research. The direct conversion of B–H bonds to substituted vertices constitutes an attractive strategy to synthesize cage compounds with desired properties. In this report, recent advances in the transition metal-catalyzed B–H activation of neutral and anionic boron clusters are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Duttwyler
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , 310027 Hangzhou , P.R. China
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22
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Ma N, Wei C, Li S, Zhang G. Theoretical insight on ethylene polymerization catalyzed by carborane-containing metal complexes: the role of carborane. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:14421-14425. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt03483d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Theoretical calculations indicate carborane rather than Cp* plays a decisive role in ethylene polymerization catalyzed by carborane-containing metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan Key laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation
- Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials
- Henan Normal University
- Xinxiang
| | - Changgeng Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan Key laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation
- Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials
- Henan Normal University
- Xinxiang
| | - Shujun Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan Key laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation
- Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials
- Henan Normal University
- Xinxiang
| | - Guisheng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan Key laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation
- Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials
- Henan Normal University
- Xinxiang
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23
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Kleinsasser JF, Fisher SP, Tham FS, Lavallo V. On the Reactivity of the Carba‐
closo
‐dodecaborate Anion with the Trityl Cation. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jack F. Kleinsasser
- Department of Chemistry University of California Riverside 92521 Riverside CA USA
| | - Steven P. Fisher
- Department of Chemistry University of California Riverside 92521 Riverside CA USA
| | - Fook S. Tham
- Department of Chemistry University of California Riverside 92521 Riverside CA USA
| | - Vincent Lavallo
- Department of Chemistry University of California Riverside 92521 Riverside CA USA
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24
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Hailmann M, Wolf N, Renner R, Hupp B, Steffen A, Finze M. Silver(I) Clusters with Carba-closo
-dodecaboranylethynyl Ligands: Synthesis, Structure, and Phosphorescence. Chemistry 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hailmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Institut für nachhaltige Chemie und Katalyse mit Bor (ICB); Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Natalia Wolf
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Institut für nachhaltige Chemie und Katalyse mit Bor (ICB); Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Rebecca Renner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Institut für nachhaltige Chemie und Katalyse mit Bor (ICB); Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Benjamin Hupp
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Institut für nachhaltige Chemie und Katalyse mit Bor (ICB); Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Andreas Steffen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Institut für nachhaltige Chemie und Katalyse mit Bor (ICB); Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Maik Finze
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Institut für nachhaltige Chemie und Katalyse mit Bor (ICB); Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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25
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Eleazer BJ, Smith MD, Popov AA, Peryshkov DV. Rapid reversible borane to boryl hydride exchange by metal shuttling on the carborane cluster surface. Chem Sci 2017; 8:5399-5407. [PMID: 28970919 PMCID: PMC5609532 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc01846k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we introduce a novel concept of a borane group vicinal to a metal boryl bond acting as a supporting hemilabile ligand in exohedrally metalated three-dimensional carborane clusters. The (POBOP)Ru(Cl)(PPh3) pincer complex (POBOP = 1,7-OP(i-Pr)2-m-2-carboranyl) features extreme distortion of the two-center-two-electron Ru-B bond due to the presence of a strong three-center-two-electron B-H···Ru vicinal interaction. Replacement of the chloride ligand with a hydride afforded the (POBOP)Ru(H)(PPh3) pincer complex, which possesses B-Ru, B-H···Ru, and Ru-H bonds. This complex was found to exhibit a rapid exchange between hydrogen atoms of the borane and the terminal hydride through metal center shuttling between two boron atoms of the carborane cage. This exchange process, which involves sequential cleavage and formation of strong covalent metal-boron and metal-hydrogen bonds, is unexpectedly facile at temperatures above -50 °C corresponding to an activation barrier of 12.2 kcal mol-1. Theoretical calculations suggested two equally probable pathways for the exchange process through formally Ru(0) or Ru(iv) intermediates, respectively. The presence of this hemilabile vicinal B-H···Ru interaction in (POBOP)Ru(H)(PPh3) was found to stabilize a latent coordination site at the metal center promoting efficient catalytic transfer dehydrogenation of cyclooctane under nitrogen and air at 170 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bennett J Eleazer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of South Carolina , 631 Sumter St. , Columbia , South Carolina 29208 , USA .
| | - Mark D Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of South Carolina , 631 Sumter St. , Columbia , South Carolina 29208 , USA .
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research , Helmholtzstrasse 20 , 01069 Dresden , Germany .
| | - Dmitry V Peryshkov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of South Carolina , 631 Sumter St. , Columbia , South Carolina 29208 , USA .
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26
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Shen Y, Pan Y, Liu J, Sattasathuchana T, Baldridge KK, Duttwyler S. Synthesis and full characterization of an iridium B-H activation intermediate of the monocarba-closo-dodecaborate anion. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:176-179. [PMID: 27910993 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc08121e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The preparation and full characterization of an iridium complex of the monocarba-closo-dodecaborate anion is reported. It was prepared by B-H bond activation using a tosyl amide directing group. Analysis by spectroscopic methods and X-ray crystallography revealed the presence a direct B-Ir interaction. The carborane acts as a B,N chelating ligand towards the Ir(Cp*)(solvent) fragment, resulting in a monomeric complex that is inert in solution and the solid state. Treatment with N-chlorosuccinimide resulted in selective monochlorination of the B-Ir position. In addition, its structure, spectroscopic features and reactivity were investigated by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjun Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, 310027 Hangzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Yani Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, 310027 Hangzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Jiyong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, 310027 Hangzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Tosaporn Sattasathuchana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kim K Baldridge
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, A203/Building 24, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, 300072 Tianjin, P. R. China.
| | - Simon Duttwyler
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 38, 310027 Hangzhou, P. R. China.
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27
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Li H, Bai F, Yan H, Lu C, Bregadze VI. Iridium(III)-Catalyzed Selective Sulfonamidation ofo-Carborane with Sulfonyl Azide by Carboxylic Acid-Assisted B(4)-H Bond Activation. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; 210093 Nanjing Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Fan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; 210093 Nanjing Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Hong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; 210093 Nanjing Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Changsheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; 210093 Nanjing Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Vladimir I. Bregadze
- Russian Academy of Sciences; Laboratory of Organoaluminium and Organoboron Compounds; Vavilova St. 28 119991 Moscow Russia
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28
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Vinogradov MM, Nelyubina YV, Pavlov AA, Novikov VV, Shvydkiy NV, Kudinov AR. Polyhedral Rearrangements in the Complexes of Rhodium and Iridium with Isomeric Carborane Anions [7,8-Me2-X-SMe2-7,8-nido-C2B9H8]− (X = 9 and 10). Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail M. Vinogradov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute
of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 ul. Vavilova, Moscow 119991 GSP-1, Russian Federation
| | - Yulia V. Nelyubina
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute
of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 ul. Vavilova, Moscow 119991 GSP-1, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander A. Pavlov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute
of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 ul. Vavilova, Moscow 119991 GSP-1, Russian Federation
| | - Valentin V. Novikov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute
of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 ul. Vavilova, Moscow 119991 GSP-1, Russian Federation
| | - Nikita V. Shvydkiy
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute
of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 ul. Vavilova, Moscow 119991 GSP-1, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander R. Kudinov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute
of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 ul. Vavilova, Moscow 119991 GSP-1, Russian Federation
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29
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Axtell JC, Kirlikovali KO, Djurovich PI, Jung D, Nguyen VT, Munekiyo B, Royappa AT, Rheingold AL, Spokoyny AM. Blue Phosphorescent Zwitterionic Iridium(III) Complexes Featuring Weakly Coordinating nido-Carborane-Based Ligands. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:15758-15765. [PMID: 27934013 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b10232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We report the development of a new class of phosphorescent zwitterionic bis(heteroleptic) Ir(III) compounds containing pyridyl ligands with weakly coordinating nido-carboranyl substituents. Treatment of phenylpyridine-based Ir(III) precursors with C-substituted ortho-carboranylpyridines in 2-ethoxyethanol results in a facile carborane deboronation and the formation of robust and highly luminescent metal complexes. The resulting nido-carboranyl fragments associate with the cationic Ir(III) center through primarily electrostatic interactions. These compounds phosphoresce at blue wavelengths (450-470 nm) both in a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrix and in solution at 77 K. These complexes display structural stability at temperatures beyond 300 °C and quantum yields greater than 40%. Importantly, the observed quantum yields correspond to a dramatic 10-fold enhancement over the previously reported Ir(III) congeners featuring carboranyl-containing ligands in which the boron cluster is covalently attached to the metal. Ultimately, this work suggests that the use of a ligand framework containing a weakly coordinating anionic component can provide a new avenue for designing efficient Ir(III)-based phosphorescent emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C Axtell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles , 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Kent O Kirlikovali
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles , 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Peter I Djurovich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Dahee Jung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles , 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Vinh T Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles , 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Brian Munekiyo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles , 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - A Timothy Royappa
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of West Florida , 11000 University Parkway, Pensacola, Florida 32514, United States
| | - Arnold L Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Alexander M Spokoyny
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles , 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.,California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles , 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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30
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Wang HQ, Wang L, Li RR, Ye JT, Chen ZZ, Chen H, Qiu YQ, Xie HM. Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Properties of Carboranylated Square-Planar Pt(II) Zwitterionic Complexes: One-/Two-Dimensional Difference and Substituent Effect. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:9330-9340. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b09797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Qiang Wang
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, and ‡National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Battery, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, and ‡National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Battery, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong-Rong Li
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, and ‡National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Battery, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin-Ting Ye
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, and ‡National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Battery, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Chen
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, and ‡National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Battery, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People’s Republic of China
| | - He Chen
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, and ‡National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Battery, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong-Qing Qiu
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, and ‡National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Battery, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai-Ming Xie
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, and ‡National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Battery, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People’s Republic of China
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31
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Bolotin DS, Burianova VK, Novikov AS, Demakova MY, Pretorius C, Mokolokolo PP, Roodt A, Bokach NA, Suslonov VV, Zhdanov AP, Zhizhin KY, Kuznetsov NT, Kukushkin VY. Nucleophilicity of Oximes Based upon Addition to a Nitrilium closo-Decaborate Cluster. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii S. Bolotin
- Institute
of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Valeria K. Burianova
- Institute
of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander S. Novikov
- Institute
of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Marina Ya. Demakova
- Institute
of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Carla Pretorius
- Department
of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Pennie Petrus Mokolokolo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Andreas Roodt
- Department
of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Nadezhda A. Bokach
- Institute
of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Vitaliy V. Suslonov
- Center
for X-ray Diffraction Studies, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskii
Pr., 26, Saint Petersburg 198504, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey P. Zhdanov
- N. S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr., 31, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin Yu. Zhizhin
- N. S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr., 31, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Nikolay T. Kuznetsov
- N. S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr., 31, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Vadim Yu. Kukushkin
- Institute
of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
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32
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Chan AL, Estrada J, Kefalidis CE, Lavallo V. Changing the Charge: Electrostatic Effects in Pd-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Allen L. Chan
- Center for Catalysis,
Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Jess Estrada
- Center for Catalysis,
Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Christos E. Kefalidis
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, Toulouse 31077, France
| | - Vincent Lavallo
- Center for Catalysis,
Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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33
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Zhang C, Ma D. Activation of B H bonds in Ir(I) complexes supported by phosphine with carba-closo-dodecaborate and o-carborane ligand substituents: A DFT investigation. J Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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34
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Eleazer B, Smith MD, Popov AA, Peryshkov DV. (BB)-Carboryne Complex of Ruthenium: Synthesis by Double B-H Activation at a Single Metal Center. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:10531-8. [PMID: 27526855 PMCID: PMC4999960 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b05172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The first example of a transition metal (BB)-carboryne complex containing two boron atoms of the icosahedral cage connected to a single exohedral metal center (POBBOP)Ru(CO)2 (POBBOP = 1,7-OP(i-Pr)2-2,6-dehydro-m-carborane) was synthesized by double B-H activation within the strained m-carboranyl pincer framework. Theoretical calculations revealed that the unique three-membered (BB)>Ru metalacycle is formed by two bent B-Ru σ-bonds with the concomitant increase of the bond order between the two metalated boron atoms. The reactivity of the highly strained electron-rich (BB)-carboryne fragment with small molecules was probed by reactions with electrophiles. The carboryne-carboranyl transformations reported herein represent a new mode of cooperative metal-ligand reactivity of boron-based complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bennett
J. Eleazer
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of South Carolina, 631
Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Mark D. Smith
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of South Carolina, 631
Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Alexey A. Popov
- Leibniz
Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dmitry V. Peryshkov
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of South Carolina, 631
Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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35
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Hamdy OM, Pham HT, McArthur SG, Lavallo V, Julian RR. Dehydrogenation of icosahedral carborane anions via gas-phase collisional activation. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2016; 30:1223-1227. [PMID: 28328027 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The icosahedral carborane anion HCB11 H11-1 is well known for its exceptional stability in solution and the solid state, but the gas-phase properties of this molecule have not previously been explored. METHODS Electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry, collisional activation, and isotopic labelling were used to examine the formation and reaction pathways of covalent and noncovalent carborane clusters. RESULTS Covalent attachment of an amino group to the C-vertex of HCB11 H11-1 dramatically alters its stability in the gas phase. Interestingly, covalently bound carborane dimers are produced during electrospray ionization. Subsequent collisional activation of these dimers leads to facile hydrogen losses (7 H2 molecules). The loss of H2 does not follow a stochastic pattern, but occurs preferentially by loss of 3 H2 , followed by loss of 2 H2 and then another 2 H2 molecules. CONCLUSIONS This study provides insight into new possible modes of B-H activation and functionalization in carborane cages. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar M Hamdy
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Huong T Pham
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Scott G McArthur
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Vincent Lavallo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Ryan R Julian
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
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36
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Šembera F, Plutnar J, Higelin A, Janoušek Z, Císařová I, Michl J. Metal Complexes with Very Large Dipole Moments: the Anionic Carborane Nitriles 12-NC–CB11X11– (X = H, F, CH3) as Ligands on Pt(II) and Pd(II). Inorg Chem 2016; 55:3797-806. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filip Šembera
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Plutnar
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alexander Higelin
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zbyněk Janoušek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Císařová
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Michl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
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37
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Eleazer BJ, Smith MD, Peryshkov DV. Metal- and Ligand-Centered Reactivity of meta-Carboranyl-Backbone Pincer Complexes of Rhodium. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bennett J. Eleazer
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Mark D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Dmitry V. Peryshkov
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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38
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Estrada J, Lugo CA, McArthur SG, Lavallo V. Inductive effects of 10 and 12-vertex closo-carborane anions: cluster size and charge make a difference. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:1824-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc08377j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The inductive effects of 10 and 12-vertex closo-carborane anion ligand substituents are elucidated for the first time. It is found that both of these cluster substituents are potent electron donating groups, which is in contrast to C-functionalized o-carborane. The fact that the 10-vertex cluster displays the strongest electron donating ability can be rationalized by its charge and size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jess Estrada
- Center for Catalysis
- Department of Chemistry University of California Riverside
- Riverside
- USA
| | - Christopher A. Lugo
- Center for Catalysis
- Department of Chemistry University of California Riverside
- Riverside
- USA
| | - Scott G. McArthur
- Center for Catalysis
- Department of Chemistry University of California Riverside
- Riverside
- USA
| | - Vincent Lavallo
- Center for Catalysis
- Department of Chemistry University of California Riverside
- Riverside
- USA
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39
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Wong YO, Smith MD, Peryshkov DV. Reversible water activation driven by contraction and expansion of a 12-vertex-closo-12-vertex-nido biscarborane cluster. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:12710-12713. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc06955j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The metal-free reversible activation of H–OH bonds of water driven by the rearrangement of a boron cluster is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuen Onn Wong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of South Carolina
- Columbia
- USA
| | - Mark D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of South Carolina
- Columbia
- USA
| | - Dmitry V. Peryshkov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of South Carolina
- Columbia
- USA
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40
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Fisher SP, El-Hellani A, Tham FS, Lavallo V. Anionic and zwitterionic carboranyl N-heterocyclic carbene Au(i) complexes. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:9762-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00551a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The syntheses of the first carboranyl N-heterocyclic carbene complexes with transition metals are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven P. Fisher
- Department of Chemistry University of California Riverside
- Riverside
- USA
| | | | - Fook S. Tham
- Department of Chemistry University of California Riverside
- Riverside
- USA
| | - Vincent Lavallo
- Department of Chemistry University of California Riverside
- Riverside
- USA
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41
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Konieczka SZ, Drisch M, Edkins K, Hailmann M, Finze M. Polyfluorinated carba-closo-dodecaboranes with amino and ammonio substituents bonded to boron. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:19576-86. [PMID: 26172122 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt02055g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The inner salts x-H3N-closo-1-CB11H11 (x = 12, 2) and 7-H3N-12-F-closo-1-CB11H11 were fluorinated with elemental fluorine in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride to give the B-perfluorinated ammonio derivatives 1-H-x-H3N-closo-1-CB11F10 (x = 12, 7, 2). Deprotonation of the ammonio group yielded the corresponding amino-functionalized anions [1-H-x-H2N-closo-1-CB11F10](-) (x = 12, 7, 2) that were isolated as [Et4N](+) salts. Hydrolysis of the highly fluorinated inner salts 1-H-x-H3N-closo-1-CB11F10 (x = 12, 7, 2) is very slow in acidic aqueous solutions. This stability of the ammonio derivatives is unprecedented because the related fluorinated anion [1-H2N-closo-1-CB11F11](-) is immediately hydrolyzed to simple boron species in the presence of aqueous acids. The ammonio derivatives 1-H-x-H3N-closo-1-CB11F10 (x = 12, 7, 2) are much more acidic compared to their non-fluorinated counterparts as assessed from potentiometric titrations and DFT calculations. The inner salts and the anions were characterized by NMR and vibrational sepectroscopy. Solid-sate structures of 1-H-12-H3N-closo-1-CB11F10·H2O, 1-H-7-H3N-closo-1-CB11F10·diglyme, 1-H-2-H3N-closo-1-CB11F10·0.5H2O, 7-H3N-12-F-closo-1-CB11H10·(CH3)2CO and [Et4N][1-H-12-H2N-closo-1-CB11F10] were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Z Konieczka
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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42
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Resisting B–H oxidative addition: The divergent reactivity of the o-carborane and carba-closo-dodecaborate ligand substituents. J Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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43
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Estrada J, Woen DH, Tham FS, Miyake GM, Lavallo V. Synthesis and Reactivity of a Zwitterionic Palladium Allyl Complex Supported by a Perchlorinated Carboranyl Phosphine. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:5142-4. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b00576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jess Estrada
- Center
for Catalysis, Department of Chemistry University of California—Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - David H. Woen
- Center
for Catalysis, Department of Chemistry University of California—Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Fook S. Tham
- Center
for Catalysis, Department of Chemistry University of California—Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Garret M. Miyake
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Universty of Colorado—Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Vincent Lavallo
- Center
for Catalysis, Department of Chemistry University of California—Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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44
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Bastin S, Barthes C, Lugan N, Lavigne G, César V. Anionic N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes of Gold(I) as Precatalysts for Silver-Free Cycloisomerization of Enynes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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45
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Lupu M, Zaulet A, Teixidor F, Ruiz E, Viñas C. Negatively Charged Metallacarborane Redox Couples with Both Members Stable to Air. Chemistry 2015; 21:6888-97. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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46
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Lugo CA, Moore CE, Rheingold AL, Lavallo V. Synthesis of a Hybrid m-Terphenyl/o-Carborane Building Block: Applications in Phosphine Ligand Design. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:2094-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ic5030636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. Lugo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California—Riverside (UCR), Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Curtis E. Moore
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California—San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Arnold L. Rheingold
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California—San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Vincent Lavallo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California—Riverside (UCR), Riverside, California 92521, United States
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47
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McArthur SG, Geng L, Guo J, Lavallo V. Cation reduction and comproportionation as novel strategies to produce high voltage, halide free, carborane based electrolytes for rechargeable Mg batteries. Inorg Chem Front 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5qi00171d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The chemical reduction of reactive cations and comproportionation are two new strategies reported to produce halide free carborane based electrolytes for rechargeable Mg batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Linxiao Geng
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- University of California Riverside
- Riverside
- USA
| | - Juchen Guo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- University of California Riverside
- Riverside
- USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program
| | - Vincent Lavallo
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California Riverside
- Riverside
- USA
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48
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Asay MJ, Fisher SP, Lee SE, Tham FS, Borchardt D, Lavallo V. Synthesis of unsymmetrical N-carboranyl NHCs: directing effect of the carborane anion. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:5359-62. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc08267b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The selective synthesis of unsymmetrically substituted anionic C-2 and dianionic C-2/C-5 N-carboranyl NHCs is reported, revealing a directing effect conveyed by the anionic carborane substituent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Asay
- Instituto de Química
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Circuito Exterior
- Ciudad Universitaria
- México
| | - Steven P. Fisher
- Department of Chemistry University of California Riverside
- Riverside
- USA
| | - Sarah E. Lee
- Department of Chemistry University of California Riverside
- Riverside
- USA
| | - Fook S. Tham
- Department of Chemistry University of California Riverside
- Riverside
- USA
| | - Dan Borchardt
- Department of Chemistry University of California Riverside
- Riverside
- USA
| | - Vincent Lavallo
- Department of Chemistry University of California Riverside
- Riverside
- USA
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49
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Fajardo J, Chan AL, Tham FS, Lavallo V. Synthesis and characterization of anionic polybrominated carboranyl azides. Inorganica Chim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2014.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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50
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Hailmann M, Konieczka SZ, Himmelspach A, Löblein J, Reiss GJ, Finze M. Carba-closo-dodecaborate anions with two functional groups: [1-R-12-HC≡C-closo-1-CB₁₁H₁₀]⁻ (R = CN, NC, CO₂H, C(O)NH₂, NHC(O)H). Inorg Chem 2014; 53:9385-99. [PMID: 25140733 DOI: 10.1021/ic501526g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Disubstituted carba-closo-dodecaborate anions with one functional group bonded to the cluster carbon atom and one ethynyl group bonded to the antipodal boron atom were synthesized from easily accessible {closo-1-CB11} clusters. [Et4N][1-NC-12-HC≡C-closo-1-CB11H10] ([Et4N]4b) was prepared starting from Cs[12-Et3SiC≡C-closo-1-CB11H11] (Cs1c) via salts of the anions [1-HO(O)C-12-HC≡C-closo-1-CB11H10](-) (2b) and [1-H2N(O)C-12-HC≡C-closo-1-CB11H10](-) (3b). In a similar reaction sequence [Et4N][1-CN-12-HC≡C-closo-1-CB11H10] ([Et4N]7b) was obtained from Cs[1-H2N-12-HC≡C-closo-1-CB11H10] (Cs5b) by formamidation to yield [Et4N][1-H(O)CHN-12-HC≡C-closo-1-CB11H10] ([Et4N]6b) and successive dehydration. In addition, the synthesis of the isonitrile [Et4N][1-CN-closo-1-CB11H11] ([Et4N]7a) is presented. The {closo-1-CB11} derivatives were characterized by multinuclear NMR as well as vibrational spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. The crystal structures of [Et4N][1-HO(O)C-12-HC≡C-closo-1-CB11H10] ([Et4N]2b), [Et4N][1-H2N(O)C-12-HC≡C-closo-1-CB11H10] ([Et4N]3b), [Et4N][1-NC-12-HC≡C-closo-1-CB11H10] ([Et4N]4b), [Et4N][1-H(O)CHN-12-HC≡C-closo-1-CB11H10] ([Et4N]6b), [Et4N][1-CN-12-HC≡C-closo-1-CB11H10] ([Et4N]7b), and K[1-H(O)CHN-closo-1-CB11H11] ([Et4N]6a) were determined. The transmission of electronic effects through the carba-closo-dodecaboron cage was studied based on (13)C NMR spectroscopic data, by results derived from density functional theory calculations, and by a comparison to the data of related benzene and bicyclo[2.2.2]octane derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hailmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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