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Simić S, Zukić E, Schmermund L, Faber K, Winkler CK, Kroutil W. Shortening Synthetic Routes to Small Molecule Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Employing Biocatalytic Methods. Chem Rev 2021; 122:1052-1126. [PMID: 34846124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biocatalysis, using enzymes for organic synthesis, has emerged as powerful tool for the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). The first industrial biocatalytic processes launched in the first half of the last century exploited whole-cell microorganisms where the specific enzyme at work was not known. In the meantime, novel molecular biology methods, such as efficient gene sequencing and synthesis, triggered breakthroughs in directed evolution for the rapid development of process-stable enzymes with broad substrate scope and good selectivities tailored for specific substrates. To date, enzymes are employed to enable shorter, more efficient, and more sustainable alternative routes toward (established) small molecule APIs, and are additionally used to perform standard reactions in API synthesis more efficiently. Herein, large-scale synthetic routes containing biocatalytic key steps toward >130 APIs of approved drugs and drug candidates are compared with the corresponding chemical protocols (if available) regarding the steps, reaction conditions, and scale. The review is structured according to the functional group formed in the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Simić
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Erna Zukić
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Luca Schmermund
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Kurt Faber
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph K Winkler
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria.,Field of Excellence BioHealth─University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Lu N, Fang Y, Gao Y, Wei Z, Cao J, Liang D, Lin Y, Duan H. Bifunctional Thiourea–Ammonium Salt Catalysts Derived from Cinchona Alkaloids: Cooperative Phase-Transfer Catalysts in the Enantioselective Aza-Henry Reaction of Ketimines. J Org Chem 2018; 83:1486-1492. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b03078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Lu
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, College
of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yanhong Fang
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, College
of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, College
of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zhonglin Wei
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, College
of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jungang Cao
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, College
of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Dapeng Liang
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, College
of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yingjie Lin
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, College
of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Haifeng Duan
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, College
of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
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Lima RN, Porto AL. Biocatalytic aminolysis of ethyl (S)-mandelate by lipase from Candida antarctica. CATAL COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Ma G, Xu Z, Zhang P, Liu J, Hao X, Ouyang J, Liang P, You S, Jia X. A Novel Synthesis of Rasagiline via a Chemoenzymatic Dynamic Kinetic Resolution. Org Process Res Dev 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/op500152g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guozhen Ma
- School of Life Sciences & Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Zhongqi Xu
- School of Life Sciences & Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences & Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jinpo Liu
- School of Life Sciences & Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xilin Hao
- Key
Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jingping Ouyang
- Key
Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ping Liang
- School of Life Sciences & Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Song You
- School of Life Sciences & Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xian Jia
- Key
Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110016, China
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Kobayashi Y, Taniguchi Y, Hayama N, Inokuma T, Takemoto Y. A Powerful Hydrogen-Bond-Donating Organocatalyst for the Enantioselective Intramolecular Oxa-Michael Reaction of α,β-Unsaturated Amides and Esters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201305492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Kobayashi Y, Taniguchi Y, Hayama N, Inokuma T, Takemoto Y. A Powerful Hydrogen-Bond-Donating Organocatalyst for the Enantioselective Intramolecular Oxa-Michael Reaction of α,β-Unsaturated Amides and Esters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:11114-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201305492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Bongen P, Pietruszka J, Simon RC. Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of 2,3-Dihydrobenzo[b]furans: Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Analgesic Agent BRL 37959. Chemistry 2012; 18:11063-70. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kumaraswamy G, Pitchaiah A. Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Orthogonally Protected (2S)-2,3-Diaminopropanoates through Catalytic Phase-Transfer Aza-Henry Reaction. Helv Chim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Viso A, Fernández de la Pradilla R, Tortosa M, García A, Flores A. Update 1 of: α,β-Diamino Acids: Biological Significance and Synthetic Approaches. Chem Rev 2011; 111:PR1-42. [DOI: 10.1021/cr100127y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alma Viso
- Instituto de Química Orgánica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Mariola Tortosa
- Instituto de Química Orgánica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana García
- Instituto de Química Orgánica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aida Flores
- Instituto de Química Orgánica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
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Gangopadhyay AK, Gole GV, Jadhav RD, Lal B. Novel Chiral Auxiliary for Attempted Resolution of Key Roxifiban Intermediate: A Simple Diastereoselective Coupling Approach for the Synthesis of Roxifiban. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910701575012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Farina V, Reeves JT, Senanayake CH, Song JJ. Asymmetric synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Chem Rev 2007; 106:2734-93. [PMID: 16836298 DOI: 10.1021/cr040700c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 379] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Farina
- Department of Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, USA
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Park OJ, Lee SH, Park TY, Chung WG, Lee SW. Development of a Scalable Process for a Key Intermediate of (R)-Metalaxyl by Enzymatic Kinetic Resolution†. Org Process Res Dev 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/op050166q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Anderson NG. Developing Processes for Crystallization-Induced Asymmetric Transformation. Org Process Res Dev 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/op050119y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neal G. Anderson
- Anderson's Process Solutions, 7400 Griffin Lane, Jacksonville, Oregon 97530, U.S.A
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Viso A, Fernández de la Pradilla R, García A, Flores A. α,β-Diamino Acids: Biological Significance and Synthetic Approaches. Chem Rev 2005; 105:3167-96. [PMID: 16092828 DOI: 10.1021/cr0406561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alma Viso
- Instituto de Química Orgánica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain.
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Uncuta C, Caraman GB, Tanase CI, Bartha E, Kravtsov VC, Simonov YA, Lipkowski J, Vanthuyne N, Roussel C. Synthesis and absolute configuration assignment of 5-amino-1,3,5-triphenyl-pentane-1,3-diol stereoisomers. Chirality 2004; 17:63-72. [PMID: 15549713 DOI: 10.1002/chir.20098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Starting from 2,4,6-triphenylpyrylium perchlorate, 5-amino-1,3,5-triphenyl-pentane-1,3-diol stereoisomers 4 were obtained in a simple two-step synthesis: reaction with hydroxylamine, and reduction with LAH of the resulting 2-isoxazoline ketone derivative 2. The eight stereoisomers of 4 were separated in a single shot on a chiral stationary phase cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (Chiralcel OD-H). The absolute configuration of the title compounds, intermediate 2-isoxazoline ketone 2 and isoxazoline alcohol derivative 3 were determined using a combination of diastereoselective synthesis, affiliation of the sign in chemical interconversion method, and X-ray determination. 2-Isoxazoline ketone 2 enantiomers and isoxazoline alcohol 3 enantiomers were obtained by chiral HPLC on Chiralpak AD column. 2-Isoxazoline ketone 2 enantiomers can be racemized via a retro Michael addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Uncuta
- Center of Organic Chemistry C.D. Nenitzescu, Bucharest, Romania
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