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Ghio AJ, Stewart M, Sangani RG, Pavlisko EN, Roggli VL. Asbestos and Iron. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12390. [PMID: 37569765 PMCID: PMC10419076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Theories of disease pathogenesis following asbestos exposure have focused on the participation of iron. After exposure, an open network of negatively charged functional groups on the fiber surface complexes host metals with a preference for iron. Competition for iron between the host and the asbestos results in a functional metal deficiency. The homeostasis of iron in the host is modified by the cell response, including increased import to correct the loss of the metal to the fiber surface. The biological effects of asbestos develop in response to and are associated with the disruption of iron homeostasis. Cell iron deficiency in the host following fiber exposure activates kinases and transcription factors, which are associated with the release of mediators coordinating both inflammatory and fibrotic responses. Relative to serpentine chrysotile, the clearance of amphiboles is incomplete, resulting in translocation to the mesothelial surface of the pleura. Since the biological effect of asbestos is dependent on retention of the fiber, the sequestration of iron by the surface, and functional iron deficiency in the cell, the greater clearance (i.e., decreased persistence) of chrysotile results in its diminished impact. An inability to clear asbestos from the lower respiratory tract initiates a host process of iron biomineralization (i.e., asbestos body formation). Host cells attempt to mobilize the metal sequestered by the fiber surface by producing superoxide at the phagosome membrane. The subsequent ferrous cation is oxidized and undergoes hydrolysis, creating poorly crystalline iron oxyhydroxide (i.e., ferrihydrite) included in the coat of the asbestos body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Ghio
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Matthew Stewart
- Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Rahul G. Sangani
- Department of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;
| | - Elizabeth N. Pavlisko
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (E.N.P.); (V.L.R.)
| | - Victor L. Roggli
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (E.N.P.); (V.L.R.)
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Borelli V, Zangari M, Bernareggi A, Bardelli F, Vita F, Zabucchi G. Ferruginous bodies exert a strong proinflammatory effect. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2023; 86:241-245. [PMID: 36809930 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2023.2181899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
One of the main problems related to ferruginous-asbestos bodies (ABs) exposure is their potential pathogenetic role in asbestos-related diseases. The aim of this study was to examine whether purified ABs, might stimulate inflammatory cells. ABs were isolated by exploiting their magnetic properties, therefore avoiding the strong chemical treatment usually employed for this purpose. This latter treatment, which is based upon the digestion of organic matter with concentrated hypochlorite, may markedly modify the AB structure and consequently also their "in vivo" manifestations. ABs were found to induce secretion of human neutrophil granular component myeloperoxidase, as well as stimulate rat mast cell degranulation. Data demonstrated that by triggering secretory processes in inflammatory cells, purified ABs may play a role in the pathogenesis of asbestos-related diseases by continuing and enhancing the pro-inflammatory activity of the asbestos fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violetta Borelli
- Department of Life Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Martina Zangari
- Department of Life Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | - Francesca Vita
- Pathology Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, Hospital of Cattinara, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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Bardelli F, Veronesi G, Capella S, Bellis D, Charlet L, Cedola A, Belluso E. New insights on the biomineralisation process developing in human lungs around inhaled asbestos fibres. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44862. [PMID: 28332562 PMCID: PMC5362951 DOI: 10.1038/srep44862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Once penetrated into the lungs of exposed people, asbestos induces an in vivo biomineralisation process that leads to the formation of a ferruginous coating embedding the fibres. The ensemble of the fibre and the coating is referred to as asbestos body and is believed to be responsible for the high toxicological outcome of asbestos. Lung tissue of two individuals subjected to prolonged occupational exposure to crocidolite asbestos was investigated using synchrotron radiation micro-probe tools. The distribution of K and of elements heavier than Fe (Zn, Cu, As, and Ba) in the asbestos bodies was observed for the first time. Elemental quantification, also reported for the first time, confirmed that the coating is highly enriched in Fe (~20% w/w), and x-ray absorption spectroscopy indicated that Fe is in the 3+ oxidation state and that it is present in the form of ferritin or hemosiderin. Comparison of the results obtained studying the asbestos bodies upon removing the biological tissue by chemical digestion and those embedded in histological sections, allowed unambiguously distinguishing the composition of the asbestos bodies, and understanding to what extent the digestion procedure altered their chemical composition. A speculative model is proposed to explain the observed distribution of Fe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Bardelli
- CNR-Nanotec - Soft and Living matter Lab (S.Li.M. Lab) c/o Department of Physics, La Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Veronesi
- CNRS/CEA/University of Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire Chimie et Biologie des Métaux (CBM-UMR 5249), 17, avenue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble, France.,European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 71, avenue des Martyrs, 38043, Grenoble, France
| | - Silvana Capella
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Torino, via Valperga Caluso 35, 10125, Torino, Italy.,Centre for Studies on Asbestos and other Toxic Particulates "G. Scansetti", University of Torino, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Donata Bellis
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, ASL-TO1, Martini Hospital, via Tofane 71, 10154, Torino, Italy
| | - Laurent Charlet
- Institute of Earth Science (ISTerre-OSUG UMR 5275), University of Grenoble Alpes, 1381, rue de la Piscine, 38400, Grenoble, France
| | - Alessia Cedola
- CNR-Nanotec - Soft and Living matter Lab (S.Li.M. Lab) c/o Department of Physics, La Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Belluso
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Torino, via Valperga Caluso 35, 10125, Torino, Italy.,Centre for Studies on Asbestos and other Toxic Particulates "G. Scansetti", University of Torino, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy.,CNR IGG - Torino Unit, via Valperga Caluso 35, 10125, Torino, Italy
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Pollastri S, Gualtieri AF, Vigliaturo R, Ignatyev K, Strafella E, Pugnaloni A, Croce A. Stability of mineral fibres in contact with human cell cultures. An in situ μXANES, μXRD and XRF iron mapping study. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 164:547-557. [PMID: 27619065 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.08.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Relevant mineral fibres of social and economic importance (chrysotile UICC, crocidolite UICC and a fibrous erionite from Jersey, Nevada, USA) were put in contact with cultured diploid human non-tumorigenic bronchial epithelial (Beas2B) and pleural transformed mesothelial (MeT5A) cells to test their cytotoxicity. Slides of each sample at different contact times up to 96 h were studied in situ using synchrotron XRF, μ-XRD and μ-XAS (I18 beamline, Diamond Light Source, UK) and TEM investigations. XRF maps of samples treated for 96 h evidenced that iron is still present within the chrysotile and crocidolite fibres and retained at the surface of the erionite fibres, indicating its null to minor mobilization in contact with cell media; this picture was confirmed by the results of XANES pre-edge analyses. μ-XRD and TEM data indicate greater morphological and crystallinity modifications occurring in chrysotile, whereas crocidolite and erionite show to be resistant in the biological environment. The contact of chrysotile with the cell cultures seems to lead to earlier amorphization, interpreted as the first dissolution step of these fibres. The formation of such silica-rich fibre skeleton may prompt the production of HO in synergy with surface iron species and could indicate that chrysotile may be much more reactive and cytotoxic in vitro in the (very) short term whereas the activity of crocidolite and erionite would be much more sluggish but persistent in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Pollastri
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, The University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, I-41125, Modena, Italy.
| | - Alessandro F Gualtieri
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, The University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, I-41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Ruggero Vigliaturo
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, 10125, Italy
| | - Konstantin Ignatyev
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Elisabetta Strafella
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Histology, Marche Polytechnic University, Piazza Roma 22, 60121, Ancona, Italy
| | - Armanda Pugnaloni
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Histology, Marche Polytechnic University, Piazza Roma 22, 60121, Ancona, Italy
| | - Alessandro Croce
- Department of Science and Technology Innovation, The University of Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Viale Teresa Michel 11, I-15121, Alessandria, Italy
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Ghio AJ, Soukup JM, Dailey LA, Richards JH, Tong H. The biological effect of asbestos exposure is dependent on changes in iron homeostasis. Inhal Toxicol 2016; 28:698-705. [PMID: 27884072 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2016.1257665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Functional groups on the surface of fibrous silicates can complex iron. We tested the postulate that (1) asbestos complexes and sequesters host cell iron resulting in a disruption of metal homeostasis and (2) this loss of essential metal results in an oxidative stress and biological effect in respiratory epithelial cells. Exposure of BEAS-2B cells to 50 μg/mL chrysotile resulted in diminished concentrations of mitochondrial iron. Preincubation of these cells with 200 μM ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) prevented significant mitochondrial iron loss following the same exposure. The host response to chrysotile included increased expression of the importer divalent metal transporter-1 (DMT1) supporting a functional iron deficiency. Incubation of BEAS-2B cells with both 200 μM FAC and 50 μg/mL chrysotile was associated with a greater cell accumulation of iron relative to either iron or chrysotile alone reflecting increased import to correct metal deficiency immediately following fiber exposure. Cellular oxidant generation was elevated after chrysotile exposure and this signal was diminished by co-incubation with 200 μM FAC. Similarly, exposure of BEAS-2B cells to 50 μg/mL chrysotile was associated with release of the proinflammatory mediators interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8, and these changes were diminished by co-incubation with 200 μM FAC. We conclude that (1) the biological response following exposure to chrysotile is associated with complexation and sequestration of cell iron and (2) increasing available iron in the cell diminished the effects of asbestos exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Ghio
- a Environmental Public Health Division, US Environmental Protection Agency , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Joleen M Soukup
- a Environmental Public Health Division, US Environmental Protection Agency , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Lisa A Dailey
- a Environmental Public Health Division, US Environmental Protection Agency , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Judy H Richards
- a Environmental Public Health Division, US Environmental Protection Agency , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Haiyan Tong
- a Environmental Public Health Division, US Environmental Protection Agency , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
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Fantauzzi M, Pacella A, Fournier J, Gianfagna A, Andreozzi GB, Rossi A. Surface chemistry and surface reactivity of fibrous amphiboles that are not regulated as asbestos. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 404:821-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6190-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2012] [Revised: 04/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Shannahan JH, Ghio AJ, Schladweiler MC, McGee JK, Richards JH, Gavett SH, Kodavanti UP. The role of iron in Libby amphibole-induced acute lung injury and inflammation. Inhal Toxicol 2011; 23:313-23. [PMID: 21605006 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2011.569587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Complexation of host iron (Fe) on the surface of inhaled asbestos fibers has been postulated to cause oxidative stress contributing to in vivo pulmonary injury and inflammation. We examined the role of Fe in Libby amphibole (LA; mean length 4.99 µm ± 4.53 and width 0.28 µm ± 0.19) asbestos-induced inflammogenic effects in vitro and in vivo. LA contained acid-leachable Fe and silicon. In a cell-free media containing FeCl(3), LA bound #17 µg of Fe/mg of fiber and increased reactive oxygen species generation #3.5 fold, which was reduced by deferoxamine (DEF) treatment. In BEAS-2B cells exposure to LA, LA loaded with Fe (FeLA), or LA with DEF did not increase HO-1 or ferritin mRNA expression. LA increased IL-8 expression, which was reduced by Fe loading but increased by DEF. To determine the role of Fe in LA-induced lung injury in vivo, spontaneously hypertensive rats were exposed intratracheally to either saline (300 µL), DEF (1 mg), FeCl(3) (21 µg), LA (0.5 mg), FeLA (0.5 mg), or LA + DEF (0.5 mg). LA caused BALF neutrophils to increase 24 h post-exposure. Loading of Fe on LA but not chelation slightly decreased neutrophilic influx (LA + DEF > LA > FeLA). At 4 h post-exposure, LA-induced lung expression of MIP-2 was reduced in rats exposed to FeLA but increased by LA + DEF (LA + DEF > LA > FeLA). Ferritin mRNA was elevated in rats exposed to FeLA compared to LA. In conclusion, the acute inflammatory response to respirable fibers and particles may be inhibited in the presence of surface-complexed or cellular bioavailable Fe. Cell and tissue Fe-overload conditions may influence the pulmonary injury and inflammation caused by fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H Shannahan
- University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, UNC School of Medicine, Curriculum in Toxicology, USA
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Aust AE, Cook PM, Dodson RF. Morphological and chemical mechanisms of elongated mineral particle toxicities. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2011; 14:40-75. [PMID: 21534085 PMCID: PMC3118489 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2011.556046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Much of our understanding regarding the mechanisms for induction of disease following inhalation of respirable elongated mineral particles (REMP) is based on studies involving the biological effects of asbestos fibers. The factors governing the disease potential of an exposure include duration and frequency of exposures; tissue-specific dose over time; impacts on dose persistence from in vivo REMP dissolution, comminution, and clearance; individual susceptibility; and the mineral type and surface characteristics. The mechanisms associated with asbestos particle toxicity involve two facets for each particle's contribution: (1) the physical features of the inhaled REMP, which include width, length, aspect ratio, and effective surface area available for cell contact; and (2) the surface chemical composition and reactivity of the individual fiber/elongated particle. Studies in cell-free systems and with cultured cells suggest an important way in which REMP from asbestos damage cellular molecules or influence cellular processes. This may involve an unfortunate combination of the ability of REMP to chemically generate potentially damaging reactive oxygen species, through surface iron, and the interaction of the unique surfaces with cell membranes to trigger membrane receptor activation. Together these events appear to lead to a cascade of cellular events, including the production of damaging reactive nitrogen species, which may contribute to the disease process. Thus, there is a need to be more cognizant of the potential impact that the total surface area of REMP contributes to the generation of events resulting in pathological changes in biological systems. The information presented has applicability to inhaled dusts, in general, and specifically to respirable elongated mineral particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann E. Aust
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department (Emeritus), Utah State University, Huachuca City, Arizona
| | - Philip M. Cook
- U.S. EPA NHEERL Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, Minnesota
| | - Ronald F. Dodson
- Dodson Environmental Consulting, Inc., and ERI Environmental Consulting, Inc., Tyler, Texas, USA
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Fantauzzi M, Pacella A, Atzei D, Gianfagna A, Andreozzi GB, Rossi A. Combined use of X-ray photoelectron and Mössbauer spectroscopic techniques in the analytical characterization of iron oxidation state in amphibole asbestos. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 396:2889-98. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3576-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2010] [Revised: 02/10/2010] [Accepted: 02/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gulumian M. An update on the detoxification processes for silica particles and asbestos fibers: successess and limitations. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2005; 8:453-83. [PMID: 16188731 DOI: 10.1080/10937400590952547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Inhalation of asbestos fibers and crystalline silica produces a number of diseases including fibrosis and cancer. Investigations into the mechanisms involved in mineral particle-induced toxicity indicated the importance of their surfaces in the pathological consequences. Masking of the surface sites has therefore featured prominently in a number of detoxification processes that have been investigated. The majority of the detoxification processes were, however, conducted to elucidate the involvement of a particular surface site in the toxicity of a specific mineral. Others were investigated with the aim of large industrial applications to be applied during mining, handling, processing, transporting, and disposing of minerals. It can be concluded that, to date, there is no single detoxification process that could be applied universally to all different types of mineral particles. Those that have shown some success could not completely abolish all adverse effects. Further elucidation of mechanisms of particle-induced toxicity may open new possibilities for detoxification processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gulumian
- National Institute for Occupational Health (NIOH) and Department of Hematology and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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