1
|
Roberts DW, Api AM, Aptula A, Lee I, Moustakas H. Updating Reaction Mechanistic Domains for Skin Sensitization: 1. Nucleophilic Skin Sensitizers. Chem Res Toxicol 2024. [PMID: 39259600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.4c00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
It has long been recognized that skin sensitizers either are electrophilic or can be activated to electrophilic species. Several nonanimal assays for skin sensitization are based on this premise. In the course of a project to update dermal sensitization thresholds (DST), we found a substantial number of sensitizers, with no electrophilic or pro-electrophilic alerts, that could be simply explained in terms of the sensitizer acting as a nucleophile. In some cases, the nucleophilic center is a sulfur or phosphorus atom, while in others, it is an aromatic carbon atom. For carbon-centered nucleophiles, a quantitative mechanistic model based on a combination of Hammett σ+ and logP values has been derived. This has been applied to rationalize several groups of known sensitizers with no electrophilic or pro-electrophilic alerts, including anacardic acids and cardols, which are known human sensitizers associated with, inter alia, cashew nut oil, mango, and Ginkgo biloba. The possibility of nucleophilic sensitization needs to be considered when evaluating new chemicals for skin sensitization potential and potency by nonanimal assays, particularly those based on the premise that skin sensitization is dependent upon reactions of electrophiles with skin protein-based nucleophiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David W Roberts
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, England, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Marie Api
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc, 1200 MacArthur Boulevard no. 306, Mahwah, New Jersey 07430, United States
| | - Aynur Aptula
- SEAC, Unilever, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire MK44 1LQ, England, United Kingdom
| | - Isabelle Lee
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc, 1200 MacArthur Boulevard no. 306, Mahwah, New Jersey 07430, United States
| | - Holger Moustakas
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc, 1200 MacArthur Boulevard no. 306, Mahwah, New Jersey 07430, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huang H, Liu H, Ma W, Qin L, Chen L, Guo H, Xu H, Li J, Yang C, Hu H, Wu R, Chen D, Feng J, Zhou Y, Wang J, Wang X. High-throughput MALDI-MSI metabolite analysis of plant tissue microarrays. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:2574-2584. [PMID: 37561662 PMCID: PMC10651148 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel metabolomics analysis technique, termed matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging-based plant tissue microarray (MALDI-MSI-PTMA), was successfully developed for high-throughput metabolite detection and imaging from plant tissues. This technique completely overcomes the disadvantage that metabolites cannot be accessible on an intact plant tissue due to the limitations of the special structures of plant cells (e.g. epicuticular wax, cuticle and cell wall) through homogenization of plant tissues, preparation of PTMA moulds and matrix spraying of PTMA sections. Our study shows several properties of MALDI-MSI-PTMA, including no need of sample separation and enrichment, high-throughput metabolite detection and imaging (>1000 samples per day), high-stability mass spectrometry data acquisition and imaging reconstruction and high reproducibility of data. This novel technique was successfully used to quickly evaluate the effects of two plant growth regulator treatments (i.e. 6-benzylaminopurine and N-phenyl-N'-1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-ylurea) on endogenous metabolite expression in plant tissue culture specimens of Dracocephalum rupestre Hance (D. rupestre). Intra-day and inter-day evaluations indicated that the metabolite data detected on PTMA sections had good reproducibility and stability. A total of 312 metabolite ion signals in leaves tissues of D. rupestre were detected, of which 228 metabolite ion signals were identified, they were composed of 122 primary metabolites, 90 secondary metabolites and 16 identified metabolites of unknown classification. The results demonstrated the advantages of MALDI-MSI-PTMA technique for enhancing the overall detection ability of metabolites in plant tissues, indicating that MALDI-MSI-PTMA has the potential to become a powerful routine practice for high-throughput metabolite study in plant science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hangjun Huang
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
| | - Haiqiang Liu
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (State Ethnic Affairs Commission), Centre for Imaging & Systems BiologyMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
| | - Weiwei Ma
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
| | - Liang Qin
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (State Ethnic Affairs Commission), Centre for Imaging & Systems BiologyMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
| | - Lulu Chen
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (State Ethnic Affairs Commission), Centre for Imaging & Systems BiologyMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
| | - Hua Guo
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (State Ethnic Affairs Commission), Centre for Imaging & Systems BiologyMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
| | - Hualei Xu
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (State Ethnic Affairs Commission), Centre for Imaging & Systems BiologyMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
| | - Jinrong Li
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (State Ethnic Affairs Commission), Centre for Imaging & Systems BiologyMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
| | - Chenyu Yang
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (State Ethnic Affairs Commission), Centre for Imaging & Systems BiologyMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
| | - Hao Hu
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (State Ethnic Affairs Commission), Centre for Imaging & Systems BiologyMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
| | - Ran Wu
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (State Ethnic Affairs Commission), Centre for Imaging & Systems BiologyMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
| | - Difan Chen
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (State Ethnic Affairs Commission), Centre for Imaging & Systems BiologyMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
| | - Jinchao Feng
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (State Ethnic Affairs Commission), Centre for Imaging & Systems BiologyMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
| | - Yijun Zhou
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (State Ethnic Affairs Commission), Centre for Imaging & Systems BiologyMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
| | - Junli Wang
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (State Ethnic Affairs Commission), Centre for Imaging & Systems BiologyMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mondal A, Gupta S. Effect of ‘Fluorophenylammonium’ and ‘Fluorophenethylammonium’ as Spacer on the Photo(electro)chemical and Photocatalytic Behaviour of Mixed Halide Based Layered Perovskites. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Mondal
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai 492015 Raipur Chhattisgarh India
| | - Satyajit Gupta
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai 492015 Raipur Chhattisgarh India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Roberts DW. A critical review of the kinetic direct peptide reactivity assay (kDPRA) for skin sensitizer potency assessment - taking it forward. Crit Rev Toxicol 2022; 51:805-819. [PMID: 35166165 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2021.2020212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
It is widely recognized that the ability of chemicals to sensitize, and the potency of those chemicals that are sensitizers, is related to their ability to covalently modify protein in the skin. With the object of putting non-animal-based prediction of skin sensitization on a more quantitative footing, a recent paper describes the development of the kinetic Direct Protein Reactivity Assay (kDPRA), in which a matrix of peptide depletion values for different reaction times and test chemical concentrations is generated and analyzed so as to derive a reactivity parameter, logkmax, which is used to classify chemicals into one of two potency categories. The present paper demonstrates that the reaction chemistry is not always consistent with the mathematical analysis of the data matrix and the kDPRA protocol does not identify such cases. Consequently the derived logkmax value is not always mechanistically meaningful and its application to predict potency can lead to misleading conclusions. It is shown that by adopting a data analysis protocol based on conventional kinetics practice, the kDPRA can be made to provide more reliably meaningful and more extensive information that can be used for purposes such as potency estimation for deriving No Expected Sensitization Induction Level (NESILs) required for quantitative risk assessment (QRA), deriving quality specifications in terms of acceptable impurity levels, and development of structure-activity relationships. Secondly, the paper addresses applicability domain issues, in particular the problem of deciding whether or not the kDPRA is applicable for a given chemical.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David W Roberts
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, England, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nkole IU, Idris SO, Abdulkadir I, Onu AD. Effect of surfactant micellization on the oxidation of mercaptobenzothiazole by bioinorganic molybdenum complex. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
6
|
|
7
|
Natarajan P, Kumar N, Priya. Eosin Y‐Catalyzed Visible‐Light‐Mediated Synthesis of 2‐Mercaptobenzothiazoles from 2‐Azidoarenediazonium Tetrafluoroborates and Carbon Disulfide. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202000767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Palani Natarajan
- Department of Chemistry & Centre for Advanced Studies in ChemistryPanjab University Chandigarh 160 014 India E-mail
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Department of Chemistry & Centre for Advanced Studies in ChemistryPanjab University Chandigarh 160 014 India E-mail
| | - Priya
- Department of Chemistry & Centre for Advanced Studies in ChemistryPanjab University Chandigarh 160 014 India E-mail
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Allergic Reactions to Rubber Components. Contact Dermatitis 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72451-5_87-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
9
|
Tan W, Wang C, Jiang X. Green carbon disulfide surrogateviaa combination of potassium sulfide and chloroform for benzothiazine-thione and benzothiazole-thione construction. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo00481a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and green carbon disulfide surrogateviafacile combination of potassium sulfide and chloroform has been developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Cuihong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
The Detoxification and Degradation of Benzothiazole from the Wastewater in Microbial Electrolysis Cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13121259. [PMID: 27999421 PMCID: PMC5201400 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13121259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the high-production-volume chemical benzothiazole (BTH) from synthetic water was fully degraded into less toxic intermediates of simple organic acids using an up-flow internal circulation microbial electrolysis reactor (UICMER) under the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 24 h. The bioelectrochemical system was operated at 25 ± 2 °C and continuous-flow mode. The BTH loading rate varied during experiments from 20 g·m-3·day-1 to 110 g·m-3·day-1. BTH and soluble COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) removal efficiency reached 80% to 90% under all BTH loading rates. Bioluminescence based Shewanella oneidensis strain MR-1 ecotoxicity testing demonstrated that toxicity was largely decreased compared to the BTH wastewater influent and effluent of two control experiments. The results indicated that MEC (Microbial Electrolysis Cell) was useful and reliable for improving BTH wastewater treatment efficiency, enabling the microbiological reactor to more easily respond to the requirements of higher loading rate, which is meaningful for economic and efficient operation in future scale-up.
Collapse
|
11
|
Zeng F, Sherry JP, Bols NC. Evaluating the toxic potential of benzothiazoles with the rainbow trout cell lines, RTgill-W1 and RTL-W1. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 155:308-318. [PMID: 27131451 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.04.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Benzothiazole (BTHs) are environmental contaminants of emerging concern for which little toxicological information is available. Therefore the toxic potential of twelve BTHs was evaluated with two rainbow trout epithelial cell lines, RTgill-W1 and RTL-W1. The BTHs were benzothiazole (BTH), 3,3'-diethylthia dicarbocyanine iodide (DTDC), C.I. sulphur orange 1 (SO), 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (2MBTH), zinc 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (ZnMBTH), sodium 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (NaMBTH), 2-hydroxy-benzothiazole (OHBTH), 2- aminobenzothiazole (2ABTH), C.I. vat yellow 2 (VY), N,N-dicyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolsulfene amide (NNA), 2,2'-dithiobis (benzothiazole) (DBTH) and 2-(p-aminophenyl)-6-methylbenzothiazole-7-sulfonic acid (MBTHS). All BTHs, except for NNA, DBTH, and MBTHS, caused both cytotoxicity and a transitory elevation in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Yet, neither N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) nor IM-54 inhibited cytotoxicity, suggesting that ROS imbalance did not contribute to cell death. Cell death was not blocked by Necrostatin-1 nor accompanied by DNA laddering, suggesting that neither necroptosis nor apoptosis took place. The comet assay revealed DNA strand breaks after exposures to 2ABTH and OHBTH for 1 day and to BTH for 12 days. In RTL-W1, cytochrome P4501A was induced noticeably by 2ABTH, OHBTH, and MBTHS and weakly by NaMBTH, ZnMBTH, SO, VY, and NNA, suggesting that these BTHs have the potential to alter xenobiotic metabolism and activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. In summary, several toxic actions were initiated in vitro by some but not all BTHs, warranting further study of these BTHs in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanxing Zeng
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - James P Sherry
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment Canada, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada
| | - Niels C Bols
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Stoffmonographie für 2-Mercaptobenzothiazol (2-MBT) und HBM-Werte für 2-MBT im Urin von Erwachsenen und Kindern. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2015; 58:1027-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s00103-015-2212-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
13
|
Richarz AN, Schultz TW, Cronin MTD, Enoch SJ. Experimental verification of structural alerts for the protein binding of sulfur-containing compounds. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 25:325-341. [PMID: 24749900 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2014.898693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
As often noted by Dr. Gilman Veith, a major barrier to advancing any model is defining its applicability domain. Sulfur-containing industrial organic chemicals can be grouped into several chemical classes including mercaptans (RSH), sulfides (RSR'), disulfides (RSSR'), sulfoxides (RS(=O)R'), sulfones (RS(=O)(=O)R'), sulfonates (ROS(=O)(=O)R') and sulfates (ROS(=O)(=O)OR'). In silico expert systems that predict protein binding reactions from 2D structure sub-divide these chemical classes into a variety of chemical reactive mechanisms and reactions which have toxic consequences. Using the protein binding profilers in version 3.1 of the OECD QSAR Toolbox, a series of sulfur-containing chemicals were profiled for protein binding potential. From these results it was hypothesized which sulfur-containing chemicals would be reactive or non-reactive in an in chemico glutathione assay and whether if reactive they would exhibit toxicity in excess of baseline in the Tetrahymena pyriformis population growth impairment assay. Subsequently, these hypotheses were tested experimentally. The in chemico data show that the in silico profiler predictions were generally correct for all chemical categories, where testing was possible. Mercaptans could not be assessed for GSH reactivity because they react directly with the chromophore 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid). With some exceptions, the major being disulfides, the in vitro toxicity data supported the in chemico findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A N Richarz
- a School of Pharmacy and Chemistry , Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool , UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mbiya W, Choi B, Martincigh BS, Morakinyo MK, Simoyi RH. Oxyhalogen-Sulfur Chemistry: Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of N-Acetyl Homocysteine Thiolactone by Acidified Bromate and Aqueous Bromine. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:13059-69. [DOI: 10.1021/jp408304e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wilbes Mbiya
- Department
of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97207-0751, United States
| | - Boyoung Choi
- Department
of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97207-0751, United States
| | - Bice S. Martincigh
- School
of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, Republic of South Africa
| | - Moshood K. Morakinyo
- Department
of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97207-0751, United States
| | - Reuben H. Simoyi
- Department
of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97207-0751, United States
- School
of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, Republic of South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kapungu GP, Rukweza G, Tran T, Mbiya W, Adigun R, Ndungu P, Martincigh B, Simoyi RH. Oxyhalogen–Sulfur Chemistry: Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Captopril by Acidified Bromate and Aqueous Bromine. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:2704-17. [DOI: 10.1021/jp312672w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thai Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland,
Oregon 97207-0751, United States
| | - Wilbes Mbiya
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland,
Oregon 97207-0751, United States
| | - Risikat Adigun
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland,
Oregon 97207-0751, United States
| | - Patrick Ndungu
- School of Chemistry
and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Bice Martincigh
- School of Chemistry
and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Reuben H. Simoyi
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland,
Oregon 97207-0751, United States
- School of Chemistry
and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mbiya W, Chipinda I, Siegel PD, Mhike M, Simoyi RH. Substituent effects on the reactivity of benzoquinone derivatives with thiols. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 26:112-23. [PMID: 23237669 DOI: 10.1021/tx300417z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Benzoquinone (BQ) is an extremely potent electrophilic contact allergen that haptenates endogenous proteins through Michael addition (MA). It is also hypothesized that BQ may haptenate proteins via free radical formation. The objective of this study was to assess the inductive effects (activating and deactivating) of substituents on BQ reactivity and the mechanistic pathway of covalent binding to a nucleophilic thiol. The BQ binding of Cys34 on human serum albumin was studied, and for reactivity studies, nitrobenzenethiol (NBT) was used as a surrogate for protein binding of the BQ and benzoquinone derivatives (BQD). Stopped flow techniques were used to determine pseudofirst order rate constants (k) of methyl-, t-butyl-, and chlorine-substituted BQD reactions with NBT, whereas electron pair resonance (EPR) studies were performed to investigate the presence of the free radical mediated binding mechanism of BQD. Characterization of adducts was performed using mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The rate constant values demonstrated the chlorine-substituted (activated) BQD to be more reactive toward NBT than the methyl and t-butyl-substituted (deactivated) BQD, and this correlated with the respective EPR intensities. The EPR signal, however, was quenched in the presence of NBT suggesting MA as the dominant reaction pathway. MS and NMR results confirmed adduct formation to be a result of MA onto the BQ ring with vinylic substitution also occurring for chlorine-substituted derivatives. The binding positions on BQ and NBT/BQ(D) stoichiometric ratios were affected by whether the inductive effects of the substituents on the ring were positive or negative. The reactivity of BQ and BQD is discussed in terms of the potential relationship to potential allergenic potency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wilbes Mbiya
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University , Portland, Oregon 97207-0751, United States
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Geier J, Lessmann H, Mahler V, Pohrt U, Uter W, Schnuch A. Occupational contact allergy caused by rubber gloves - nothing has changed. Contact Dermatitis 2012; 67:149-56. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2012.02139.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
18
|
Enoch SJ, Ellison CM, Schultz TW, Cronin MTD. A review of the electrophilic reaction chemistry involved in covalent protein binding relevant to toxicity. Crit Rev Toxicol 2011; 41:783-802. [DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2011.598141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
19
|
Haptenation: chemical reactivity and protein binding. J Allergy (Cairo) 2011; 2011:839682. [PMID: 21785613 PMCID: PMC3138048 DOI: 10.1155/2011/839682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Low molecular weight chemical (LMW) allergens are commonly referred to as haptens. Haptens must complex with proteins to be recognized by the immune system. The majority of occupationally related haptens are reactive, electrophilic chemicals, or are metabolized to reactive metabolites that form covalent bonds with nucleophilic centers on proteins. Nonelectrophilic protein binding may occur through disulfide exchange, coordinate covalent binding onto metal ions on metalloproteins or of metal allergens, themselves, to the major histocompatibility complex. Recent chemical reactivity kinetic studies suggest that the rate of protein binding is a major determinant of allergenic potency; however, electrophilic strength does not seem to predict the ability of a hapten to skew the response between Th1 and Th2. Modern proteomic mass spectrometry methods that allow detailed delineation of potential differences in protein binding sites may be valuable in predicting if a chemical will stimulate an immediate or delayed hypersensitivity. Chemical aspects related to both reactivity and protein-specific binding are discussed.
Collapse
|
20
|
El-Bassi L, Iwasaki H, Oku H, Shinzato N, Matsui T. Biotransformation of benzothiazole derivatives by the Pseudomonas putida strain HKT554. CHEMOSPHERE 2010; 81:109-113. [PMID: 20692014 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Revised: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We examined the biotransformation of benzothiazole derivatives (BTHs) by an axenic microbial culture. A Gram-negative bacterium, tentatively named as strain HKT554 and identified as Pseudomonas putida, was able to transform not only benzothiazole and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole but also 2-methylthiobenzothiazole, which was previously reported as the dead-end product of wastewater treatment. GC/MS analysis of the solid-phase extract of the culture broth showed the formation of 2-(3H)-benzothiazolone/2-hydroxybenzothiazole from benzothiazole. By transposon mutagenesis, a mutant library containing ca. 5000 insertion mutants was constructed from the P. putida strain HKT554. Analysis of the disrupted gene from one of the mutants showing BTHs transformation deficiency revealed that the knocked-out gene was naphthalene dioxygenase. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the biotransformation of BTHs by Gram-negative bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leila El-Bassi
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, Center of Molecular Biosciences (COMB), University of the Ryukyus, 1 Sembaru, Nishihara-cho, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Pernak J, Walkiewicz F, Maciejewska M, Zaborski M. Ionic Liquids as Vulcanization Accelerators. Ind Eng Chem Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ie100151n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliusz Pernak
- Poznan University of Technology, pl. M. Sklodowskiej Curie 2, 60-965 Poznan, and Technical University of Lodz, Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Poland
| | - Filip Walkiewicz
- Poznan University of Technology, pl. M. Sklodowskiej Curie 2, 60-965 Poznan, and Technical University of Lodz, Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Poland
| | - Magdalena Maciejewska
- Poznan University of Technology, pl. M. Sklodowskiej Curie 2, 60-965 Poznan, and Technical University of Lodz, Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Poland
| | - Marian Zaborski
- Poznan University of Technology, pl. M. Sklodowskiej Curie 2, 60-965 Poznan, and Technical University of Lodz, Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chipinda I, Zhang XD, Simoyi RH, Siegel PD. Mercaptobenzothiazole allergenicity-role of the thiol group. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2008; 27:103-16. [PMID: 18568896 DOI: 10.1080/15569520701713008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The rubber accelerator, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT), is known to cause allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), but the mechanism is unknown. The role of the thiol group in MBT's allergenicity was investigated in the present study. Guinea pigs were sensitized to MBT using a modified guinea pig maximization test (GPMT) and reactivity was assessed toward 2-mercaptobenzothiazole disulfide (MBTS), 2-hydroxybenzothiazole (HBT; thiol-substituted), 2-(methylthio)benzothiazole (MTBT; thiol-blocked), and benzothiazole (BT; thiol-lacking). MBT and MBTS, but not BT, HBT, or MTBT, elicited ACD in MBT-sensitized animals, demonstrating that the thiol group is critical to MBT's allergenicity. In addition, both MBT and MBTS were shown to inhibit both glutathione reductase and thioredoxin reductase, and thus contribute to the stability of MBT-protein mixed disulfides. It is concluded that the probable haptenation mechanism of MBT is through initial oxidation to MBTS with subsequent reduction to form mixed disulfides with proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Itai Chipinda
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chipinda I, Hettick JM, Simoyi RH, Siegel PD. Zinc diethyldithiocarbamate allergenicity: potential haptenation mechanisms. Contact Dermatitis 2008; 59:79-89. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2008.01399.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
24
|
Aungsupravate O, Lucas D, Hassan NA, Tonge MP, Warrender G, Castignolles P, Gaborieau M, Gilbert RG. Water vapour transmission in butadiene–MMA–methacrylic acid latex films. Eur Polym J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2007.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|