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Pfütze S, Charria-Girón E, Schulzke E, Toshe R, Khonsanit A, Franke R, Surup F, Brönstrup M, Stadler M. Depicting the Chemical Diversity of Bioactive Meroterpenoids Produced by the Largest Organism on Earth. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318505. [PMID: 38390787 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
In this investigation, we explored the diversity of melleolide-type meroterpenoids produced by Armillaria ostoyae, one of the largest and oldest organisms on Earth, using extracts from liquid and solid fermentation media. The study unveiled three unprecedented dimeric bismelleolides and three novel fatty-acid-substituted congeners, along with 11 new and 21 known derivatives. The structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and HRESI-MS, and ROESY spectral analysis for relative configurations. Absolute configurations were determined from crystal structures and through ECD spectra comparison. A compound library of melleolide-type meroterpenoids facilitated metabolomics-wide associations, revealing production patterns under different culture conditions. The library enabled assessments of antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities, revealing that the Δ2,4 double bond is not crucial for antifungal activity. Cytotoxicity was linked to the presence of an aldehyde at C1, but lost with hydroxylation at C13. Chemoinformatic analyses demonstrated the intricate interplay of chemical modifications on biological properties. This study marks the first systematic exploration of Armillaria spp. meroterpenoid diversity by MS-based untargeted metabolomics, offering insight into structure-activity relationships through innovative chemoinformatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Pfütze
- Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Esteban Charria-Girón
- Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Esther Schulzke
- Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Rita Toshe
- Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology Pharm. Biotechnology, Universität des Saarlandes Campus C2 3, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Artit Khonsanit
- BIOTEC, National Science and Technology Development, Agency (NSTDA), 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, 12120, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Raimo Franke
- Department Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Frank Surup
- Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mark Brönstrup
- Department Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marc Stadler
- Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
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González JF, Dea-Ayuela MA, Huck L, Orduña JM, Bolás-Fernández F, de la Cuesta E, Haseen N, Mohammed AA, Menéndez JC. Dual Antitubercular and Antileishmanial Profiles of Quinoxaline Di- N-Oxides Containing an Amino Acidic Side Chain. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:487. [PMID: 38675447 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We present a new category of quinoxaline di-N-oxides (QdNOs) containing amino acid side chains with dual antituberculosis and antileishmanial activity. These compounds were synthesized by combining a regioselective 2,5-piperazinedione opening and a Beirut reaction and were screened for their activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the promastigote and amastigote forms of representative species of the Leishmania genus. Most QdNOs exhibited promising antitubercular activity with IC50 values ranging from 4.28 to 49.95 μM, comparable to clinically established drugs. Structure-activity relationship analysis emphasized the importance of substituents on the aromatic ring and the side chain. Antileishmanial tests showed that some selected compounds exhibited activity comparable to the positive control miltefosine against promastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania donovani. Notably, some compounds were found to be also more potent and less toxic than miltefosine in intracellular amastigote assays against Leishmania amazonensis. The compound showing the best dual antitubercular and leishmanicidal profile and a good selectivity index, 4h, can be regarded as a hit compound that opens up new opportunities for the development of integrated therapies against co-infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F González
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Auxiliadora Dea-Ayuela
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, c/Santiago Ramón y Cajal, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain
| | - Lena Huck
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José María Orduña
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Bolás-Fernández
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena de la Cuesta
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nazia Haseen
- AMIPRO SDN.BHD. Level 3, Bangunan Inkubator Universiti, Sains@USM, Lebuh Bukit Jambul, Bayan Lepas 11900, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Ashraf Ali Mohammed
- AMIPRO SDN.BHD. Level 3, Bangunan Inkubator Universiti, Sains@USM, Lebuh Bukit Jambul, Bayan Lepas 11900, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - J Carlos Menéndez
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Gioiello A, Rosatelli E, Cerra B. Patented Farnesoid X receptor modulators: a review (2019 - present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38308658 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2024.2314296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a key transcription factor that is involved in the bile acid signaling network. The modulation of the FXR activity influences glucose and lipid homeostasis, reduces obesity and insulin resistance, as well as it regulates the pathogenesis of inflammatory and metabolic disorders. FXR ligands have therefore emerged in drug discovery as promising therapeutic agents for the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal and liver diseases, including cancer. AREAS COVERED Recent advances in the field of FXR modulators are reviewed, with a particular attention on patent applications filed in the past 5 years related to both the discovery and development of FXR targeting drugs. EXPERT OPINION FXR agonists have proven their efficacy and safety in humans and have shown a significant potential as clinical agents to treat metabolic and inflammatory associated conditions. However, several challenges, including adverse events such as pruritus, remain to be solved. Current studies aim to gain insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms by which FXR regulates metabolism and inflammation in terms of tissue/organ/isoform-specificity, post-translational modifications and coregulatory proteins, on the route of novel, improved FXR modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antimo Gioiello
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Advanced Synthetic Chemistry (Lab MASC), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Bruno Cerra
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Advanced Synthetic Chemistry (Lab MASC), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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McMahon KL, Vetter I, Schroeder CI. Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Inhibition by µ-Conotoxins. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:55. [PMID: 38251271 PMCID: PMC10819908 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
µ-Conotoxins are small, potent pore-blocker inhibitors of voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channels, which have been identified as pharmacological probes and putative leads for analgesic development. A limiting factor in their therapeutic development has been their promiscuity for different NaV channel subtypes, which can lead to undesirable side-effects. This review will focus on four areas of µ-conotoxin research: (1) mapping the interactions of µ-conotoxins with different NaV channel subtypes, (2) µ-conotoxin structure-activity relationship studies, (3) observed species selectivity of µ-conotoxins and (4) the effects of µ-conotoxin disulfide connectivity on activity. Our aim is to provide a clear overview of the current status of µ-conotoxin research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten L. McMahon
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Irina Vetter
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- The School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Christina I. Schroeder
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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Dembo A, Ferenczi E, Jernei T, Bor A, Schelz Z, Zupkó I, Varga S, Csámpai A. CuAAC-Based Synthesis, Copper-Catalyzed Aldehyde-Forming Hydrolytic Fission and Antiproliferative Evaluation of Novel Ferrocenoylamino-Substituted Triazole-Tethered Quinine-Chalcone Hybrids. Molecules 2024; 29:375. [PMID: 38257289 PMCID: PMC10820026 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
A series of novel triazole-tethered ferrocenoylamino-substituted cinchona-chalcone hybrids along with two representative benzoylamino-substituted reference compounds were prepared by three methods of CuAAC chemistry. In line with the limited success or complete failure of attempted conversions with low catalyst loadings, by means of DFT modeling studies, we demonstrated that a substantial part of the Cu(I) ions can be chelated and thus trapped in the aroylamino-substituted cinchona fragment and all of the accessible coordinating sites of the chalcone residues. Accordingly, increased amounts of catalysts were used to achieve acceptable yields; however, the cycloadditions with para-azidochalcones were accompanied by partial or complete aldehyde-forming hydrolytic fission of the enone C=C bond in a substituent-, solvent- and copper load-dependent manner. The experienced hydrolytic stability of the hybrids obtained by cycloadditions with ortho-azidochalcones was interpreted in terms of relative energetics, DFT reactivity indices and MO analysis of simplified models of two isomer copper-enone complexes. The novel hybrids were evaluated on HeLa, MDA-MB-231 and A2780 cell lines and showed substantial activity at low-to-submicromolar concentrations. An organometallic model carrying 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl residue in the enone part with a para-disubstituted benzene ring in the central skeletal region was identified as the most potent antiproliferative lead, characterized by submicromolar IC50 values measured on the three investigated cells. The biological assays also disclosed that this ferrocenoylamino-containing lead compound displays a ca. two- to five-fold more substantial antiproliferative effect than its benzoylamino-substituted counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- António Dembo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Pázmány P. sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.D.); (E.F.); (T.J.)
- Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, Pázmány P. sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Etelka Ferenczi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Pázmány P. sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.D.); (E.F.); (T.J.)
- Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, Pázmány P. sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Jernei
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Pázmány P. sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.D.); (E.F.); (T.J.)
| | - Andrea Bor
- Institute of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (A.B.); (Z.S.); (I.Z.)
| | - Zsuzsanna Schelz
- Institute of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (A.B.); (Z.S.); (I.Z.)
| | - István Zupkó
- Institute of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (A.B.); (Z.S.); (I.Z.)
| | - Szilárd Varga
- HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Magyar Tudósok Krt 2., H-1117 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Antal Csámpai
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Pázmány P. sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.D.); (E.F.); (T.J.)
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Li Z, Huang R, Xia M, Patterson TA, Hong H. Fingerprinting Interactions between Proteins and Ligands for Facilitating Machine Learning in Drug Discovery. Biomolecules 2024; 14:72. [PMID: 38254672 PMCID: PMC10813698 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Molecular recognition is fundamental in biology, underpinning intricate processes through specific protein-ligand interactions. This understanding is pivotal in drug discovery, yet traditional experimental methods face limitations in exploring the vast chemical space. Computational approaches, notably quantitative structure-activity/property relationship analysis, have gained prominence. Molecular fingerprints encode molecular structures and serve as property profiles, which are essential in drug discovery. While two-dimensional (2D) fingerprints are commonly used, three-dimensional (3D) structural interaction fingerprints offer enhanced structural features specific to target proteins. Machine learning models trained on interaction fingerprints enable precise binding prediction. Recent focus has shifted to structure-based predictive modeling, with machine-learning scoring functions excelling due to feature engineering guided by key interactions. Notably, 3D interaction fingerprints are gaining ground due to their robustness. Various structural interaction fingerprints have been developed and used in drug discovery, each with unique capabilities. This review recapitulates the developed structural interaction fingerprints and provides two case studies to illustrate the power of interaction fingerprint-driven machine learning. The first elucidates structure-activity relationships in β2 adrenoceptor ligands, demonstrating the ability to differentiate agonists and antagonists. The second employs a retrosynthesis-based pre-trained molecular representation to predict protein-ligand dissociation rates, offering insights into binding kinetics. Despite remarkable progress, challenges persist in interpreting complex machine learning models built on 3D fingerprints, emphasizing the need for strategies to make predictions interpretable. Binding site plasticity and induced fit effects pose additional complexities. Interaction fingerprints are promising but require continued research to harness their full potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Li
- National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA; (Z.L.); (T.A.P.)
| | - Ruili Huang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (R.H.); (M.X.)
| | - Menghang Xia
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (R.H.); (M.X.)
| | - Tucker A. Patterson
- National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA; (Z.L.); (T.A.P.)
| | - Huixiao Hong
- National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA; (Z.L.); (T.A.P.)
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Nádaská D, Hudecova L, Kováč G, Malík I. Brief insight into the in silico properties, structure-activity relationships and biotransformation of fruquintinib, an anticancer drug of a new generation containing a privileged benzofuran scaffold. Ceska Slov Farm 2024; 72:267-276. [PMID: 38346904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Current trends in drug design notably consider so-called privileged scaffolds as the core structural fragments with decisive impact on affinity to properly chosen biological targets, potency, selectivity and toxicological characteristics of drugs and prospective drug candidates. Fruquintinib (1) is a novel synthetic selective inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) isoforms, i.e., VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3. The therapeutic agent (1) consists of a flat bicyclic heteroaromatic ring, in which two nitrogens are suitablyincorporated, a core bicyclic heteroaromatic ring - privileged (substituted) benzofuran scaffold, and a pair of hydrogen bond (H-bond) donor and acceptor group, i.e., amide functional moiety. Fruquintinib (1) was first approved in China for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer, a severe malignant disease with a high mortality rate. The review article offered a brief insight into the topic of privileged structures, their drug- -like ranges of several parameters, pharmacodynamic characteristics of fruquintinib (1) and various in silico descriptors characterizing drug's structural and physicochemical properties (molecular weight, number of heavy atoms, number of aromatic heavy atoms, fraction of sp3 C-atoms, number of H-bond acceptors, number of H-bond donors, total polar surface area, molar refractivity, molecular volume as well as parameters of lipophilicity and solubility). Some of these descriptors were related to pharmacokinetics and distribution of fruquintinib (1), and, in addition, might help predict its ability to cross passively the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Moreover, a possible connection between the induction potential on cytochrome P450 isoenzymes (CYP1A2 and CYP3A4) and passive transport of a given drug into the central nervous system via BBB was investigated. Current clinical experience and future directions regarding of fruquintinib (1) were also briefly outlined.
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Kostopoulou I, Tzani A, Chronaki K, Prousis KC, Pontiki E, Hadjiplavlou-Litina D, Detsi A. Novel Multi-Target Agents Based on the Privileged Structure of 4-Hydroxy-2-quinolinone. Molecules 2023; 29:190. [PMID: 38202773 PMCID: PMC10780633 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In this work, the privileged scaffold of 4-hydroxy-2quinolinone is investigated through the synthesis of carboxamides and hybrid derivatives, as well as through their bioactivity evaluation, focusing on the ability of the molecules to inhibit the soybean LOX, as an indication of their anti-inflammatory activity. Twenty-one quinolinone carboxamides, seven novel hybrid compounds consisting of the quinolinone moiety and selected cinnamic or benzoic acid derivatives, as well as three reverse amides are synthesized and classified as multi-target agents according to their LOX inhibitory and antioxidant activity. Among all the synthesized analogues, quinolinone-carboxamide compounds 3h and 3s, which are introduced for the first time in the literature, exhibited the best LOX inhibitory activity (IC50 = 10 μM). Furthermore, carboxamide 3g and quinolinone hybrid with acetylated ferulic acid 11e emerged as multi-target agents, revealing combined antioxidant and LOX inhibitory activity (3g: IC50 = 27.5 μM for LOX inhibition, 100% inhibition of lipid peroxidation, 67.7% ability to scavenge hydroxyl radicals and 72.4% in the ABTS radical cation decolorization assay; 11e: IC50 = 52 μM for LOX inhibition and 97% inhibition of lipid peroxidation). The in silico docking results revealed that the synthetic carboxamide analogues 3h and 3s and NDGA (the reference compound) bind at the same alternative binding site in a similar binding mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Kostopoulou
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Heroon Polytechniou 9, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece; (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.C.)
| | - Andromachi Tzani
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Heroon Polytechniou 9, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece; (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.C.)
| | - Konstantina Chronaki
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Heroon Polytechniou 9, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece; (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.C.)
| | - Kyriakos C. Prousis
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece;
| | - Eleni Pontiki
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.P.); (D.H.-L.)
| | - Dimitra Hadjiplavlou-Litina
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.P.); (D.H.-L.)
| | - Anastasia Detsi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Heroon Polytechniou 9, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece; (I.K.); (A.T.); (K.C.)
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Khairullina V, Martynova Y. Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship in the Series of 5-Ethyluridine, N2-Guanine, and 6-Oxopurine Derivatives with Pronounced Anti-Herpetic Activity. Molecules 2023; 28:7715. [PMID: 38067446 PMCID: PMC10708366 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A quantitative analysis of the relationship between the structure and inhibitory activity against the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) was performed for the series of 5-ethyluridine, N2-guanine, and 6-oxopurines derivatives with pronounced anti-herpetic activity (IC50 = 0.09 ÷ 160,000 μmol/L) using the GUSAR 2019 software. On the basis of the MNA and QNA descriptors and whole-molecule descriptors using the self-consistent regression, 12 statistically significant consensus models for predicting numerical pIC50 values were constructed. These models demonstrated high predictive accuracy for the training and test sets. Molecular fragments of HSV-1 and HSV-2 TK inhibitors that enhance or diminish the anti-herpetic activity are considered. Virtual screening of the ChEMBL database using the developed QSAR models revealed 42 new effective HSV-1 and HSV-2 TK inhibitors. These compounds are promising for further research. The obtained data open up new opportunities for developing novel effective inhibitors of TK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Khairullina
- Institute of Chemistry and Defence in Emergency Situations, Ufa University of Science and Technology, 50076 Ufa, Russia;
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Li Y, Eans SO, Ganno-Sherwood M, Eliasof A, Houghten RA, McLaughlin JP. Identification and Pharmacological Characterization of a Low-Liability Antinociceptive Bifunctional MOR/DOR Cyclic Peptide. Molecules 2023; 28:7548. [PMID: 38005269 PMCID: PMC10674865 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptide-based opioid ligands are important candidates for the development of novel, safer, and more effective analgesics to treat pain. To develop peptide-based safer analgesics, we synthesized a mixture-based cyclic pentapeptide library containing a total of 24,624 pentapeptides and screened the mixture-based library samples using a 55 °C warm water tail-withdrawal assay. Using this phenotypic screening approach, we deconvoluted the mixture-based samples to identify a novel cyclic peptide Tyr-[D-Lys-Dap(Ant)-Thr-Gly] (CycloAnt), which produced dose- and time-dependent antinociception with an ED50 (and 95% confidence interval) of 0.70 (0.52-0.97) mg/kg i.p. mediated by the mu-opioid receptor (MOR). Additionally, higher doses (≥3 mg/kg, i.p.) of CycloAnt antagonized delta-opioid receptors (DOR) for at least 3 h. Pharmacological characterization of CycloAnt showed the cyclic peptide did not reduce breathing rate in mice at doses up to 15 times the analgesic ED50 value, and produced dramatically less hyperlocomotion than the MOR agonist, morphine. While chronic administration of CycloAnt resulted in antinociceptive tolerance, it was without opioid-induced hyperalgesia and with significantly reduced signs of naloxone-precipitated withdrawal, which suggested reduced physical dependence compared to morphine. Collectively, the results suggest this dual MOR/DOR multifunctional ligand is an excellent lead for the development of peptide-based safer analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangmei Li
- College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA;
| | - Shainnel O. Eans
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Michelle Ganno-Sherwood
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA; (M.G.-S.); (R.A.H.)
| | - Abbe Eliasof
- College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA;
| | - Richard A. Houghten
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA; (M.G.-S.); (R.A.H.)
| | - Jay P. McLaughlin
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
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11
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Gérardin P, Hentges D, Gérardin P, Vinchelin P, Dumarçay S, Audoin C, Gérardin-Charbonnier C. Knotwood and Branchwood Polyphenolic Extractives of Silver Fir, Spruce and Douglas Fir and Their Antioxidant, Antifungal and Antibacterial Properties. Molecules 2023; 28:6391. [PMID: 37687221 PMCID: PMC10489691 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The extractive contents of three softwood species largely used in the wood industry, namely Abies alba (Silver fir), Picea abies (spruce) and Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas fir), have been determined quantitatively for knots and at different points chosen along their branches, before analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS). The results indicated that branchwood samples located in close proximity to the stem present high contents of extractives similar to those recorded for the knots. HPLC analysis showed quite similar chemical compositions, indicating that first cm of the branches could be considered as an additional source of knotwood. The antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities of knot's extractives have been investigated with the dual objective of better understanding the role of high levels of secondary metabolites present in the knot and evaluating their potential for biorefinery applications. The antioxidant activity study showed that crude extracts of Douglas fir knotwood presented higher radical scavenging activity levels than the extracts of Silver fir and spruce, which presented more or less the same activities. Silver fir and spruce knotwood extracts presented higher antibacterial activity levels than the Douglas fir knotwood extracts did, while Douglas fir knotwood extracts presented more fungal growth inhibition than the spruce and fir knotwood extracts did. The structure-activity relationships indicate that radical scavenging and antifungal activities are associated with a higher relative quantity of flavonoids in the crude extracts, while higher relative quantities of lignans are associated with antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Gérardin
- Lermab, Inrae, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France; (P.G.); (D.H.); (P.V.); (S.D.)
| | - David Hentges
- Lermab, Inrae, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France; (P.G.); (D.H.); (P.V.); (S.D.)
| | - Philippe Gérardin
- Lermab, Inrae, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France; (P.G.); (D.H.); (P.V.); (S.D.)
| | - Pierre Vinchelin
- Lermab, Inrae, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France; (P.G.); (D.H.); (P.V.); (S.D.)
| | - Stéphane Dumarçay
- Lermab, Inrae, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France; (P.G.); (D.H.); (P.V.); (S.D.)
| | | | - Christine Gérardin-Charbonnier
- Lermab, Inrae, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France; (P.G.); (D.H.); (P.V.); (S.D.)
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12
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Scherrer KH, Eans SO, Medina JM, Senadheera SN, Khaliq T, Murray TF, McLaughlin JP, Aldrich JV. Tryptophan Substitution in CJ-15,208 ( cyclo[Phe-D-Pro-Phe-Trp]) Introduces δ-Opioid Receptor Antagonism, Preventing Antinociceptive Tolerance and Stress-Induced Reinstatement of Extinguished Cocaine-Conditioned Place Preference. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1218. [PMID: 37765026 PMCID: PMC10535824 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The macrocyclic tetrapeptide CJ-15,208 (cyclo[Phe-D-Pro-Phe-Trp]) and its D-Trp isomer exhibit kappa opioid receptor (KOR) antagonism which prevents stress-induced reinstatement of extinguished cocaine-conditioned place preference. Here, we evaluated the effects of substitution of Trp and D-Trp on the peptides' opioid activity, antinociceptive tolerance, and the ability to prevent relapse to extinguished drug-CPP. Six analogs were synthesized using a combination of solid-phase peptide synthesis and cyclization in solution. The analogs were evaluated in vitro for opioid receptor affinity in radioligand competition binding assays, efficacy in the [35S]GTPγS assay, metabolic stability in mouse liver microsomes, and for opioid activity and selectivity in vivo in the mouse 55 °C warm-water tail-withdrawal assay. Potential liabilities of locomotor impairment, respiratory depression, acute tolerance, and conditioned place preference (CPP) were also assessed in vivo, and the ameliorating effect of analogs on the reinstatement of extinguished cocaine-place preference was assessed. Substitutions of other D-amino acids for D-Trp did not affect (or in one case increased) KOR affinity, while two of the three substitutions of an L-amino acid for Trp decreased KOR affinity. In contrast, all but one substitution increased mu opioid receptor (MOR) affinity in vitro. The metabolic stabilities of the analogs were similar to those of their respective parent peptides, with analogs containing a D-amino acid being much more rapidly metabolized than those containing an L-amino acid in this position. In vivo, CJ-15,208 analogs demonstrated antinociception, although potencies varied over an 80-fold range and the mediating opioid receptors differed by substitution. KOR antagonism was lost for all but the D-benzothienylalanine analog, and the 2'-naphthylalanine analog instead demonstrated significant delta opioid receptor (DOR) antagonism. Introduction of DOR antagonism coincided with reduced acute opioid antinociceptive tolerance and prevented stress-induced reinstatement of extinguished cocaine-CPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen H. Scherrer
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (K.H.S.); (S.O.E.); (J.M.M.)
| | - Shainnel O. Eans
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (K.H.S.); (S.O.E.); (J.M.M.)
| | - Jessica M. Medina
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (K.H.S.); (S.O.E.); (J.M.M.)
| | - Sanjeewa N. Senadheera
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (S.N.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Tanvir Khaliq
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (S.N.S.); (T.K.)
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Thomas F. Murray
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA;
| | - Jay P. McLaughlin
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (K.H.S.); (S.O.E.); (J.M.M.)
| | - Jane V. Aldrich
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (S.N.S.); (T.K.)
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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13
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Li H, Gao J, Zhao F, Liu X, Ma B. Bioactive Peptides from Edible Mushrooms-The Preparation, Mechanisms, Structure-Activity Relationships and Prospects. Foods 2023; 12:2935. [PMID: 37569204 PMCID: PMC10417677 DOI: 10.3390/foods12152935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mushroom bioactive peptides (MBPs) are bioactive peptides extracted directly or indirectly from edible mushrooms. MBPs are known to have antioxidant, anti-aging, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti-hypertensive properties, and facilitate memory and cognitive improvement, antitumour and anti-diabetes activities, and cholesterol reduction. MBPs exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects by regulating the MAPK, Keap1-Nrf2-ARE, NF-κB and TNF pathways. In addition, MBPs exert antibacterial, anti-tumour and anti-inflammatory effects by stimulating the proliferation of macrophages. The bioactivities of MBPs are closely related to their molecular weights, charge, amino acid compositions and amino acid sequences. Compared with animal-derived peptides, MBPs are ideal raw materials for healthy and functional products with the advantages of their abundance of resources, safety, low price, and easy-to-achieve large-scale production of valuable nutrients for health maintenance and disease prevention. In this review, the preparation, bioactivities, mechanisms and structure-activity relationships of MBPs were described. The main challenges and prospects of their application in functional products were also discussed. This review aimed to provide a comprehensive perspective of MBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, National Soybean Processing Industry Technology Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (H.L.); (J.G.); (X.L.)
| | - Ji’an Gao
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, National Soybean Processing Industry Technology Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (H.L.); (J.G.); (X.L.)
| | - Fen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, National Soybean Processing Industry Technology Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (H.L.); (J.G.); (X.L.)
| | - Xinqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, National Soybean Processing Industry Technology Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (H.L.); (J.G.); (X.L.)
| | - Biao Ma
- Beijing Science Sun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Beijing 100176, China;
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14
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Andrades-Lagos J, Campanini-Salinas J, Pedreros-Riquelme A, Mella J, Choquesillo-Lazarte D, Zamora PP, Pessoa-Mahana H, Burbulis I, Vásquez-Velásquez D. Design, Synthesis, and Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of New Quinone Derivatives as Antibacterial Agents. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1065. [PMID: 37370384 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12061065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to antibacterial agents is a growing global public health problem that reduces the efficacy of available antibacterial agents, leading to increased patient mortality and morbidity. Unfortunately, only 16 antibacterial drugs have been approved by the FDA in the last 10 years, so it is necessary to develop new agents with novel chemical structures and/or mechanisms of action. In response to this, our group takes up the challenge of designing a new family of pyrimidoisoquinolinquinones displaying antimicrobial activities against multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to establish the necessary structural requirements to obtain compounds with high antibacterial activity, along with the parameters controlling antibacterial activity. To achieve this goal, we designed a family of compounds using different strategies for drug design. Forty structural candidates were synthesized and characterized, and antibacterial assays were carried out against high-priority bacterial pathogens. A variety of structural properties were modified, such as hydrophobicity and chain length of functional groups attached to specific carbon positions of the quinone core. All the synthesized compounds inhibited Gram-positive pathogens in concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 64 µg/mL. Two derivatives exhibited minimum inhibitory concentrations of 64 µg/mL against Klebsiella pneumoniae, while compound 28 demonstrated higher potency against MRSA than vancomycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Andrades-Lagos
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago 7510157, Chile
- Drug Development Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Javier Campanini-Salinas
- Drug Development Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Puerto Montt 5501842, Chile
| | - América Pedreros-Riquelme
- Drug Development Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Jaime Mella
- Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Farmacopea Chilena (CIFAR), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Duane Choquesillo-Lazarte
- Laboratorio de Estudios Cristalográficos, IACT (CSIC-UGR), Av. de las Palmeras 4, 18100 Armilla, Spain
| | - P P Zamora
- Departamento de Química y Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad de Atacama, Copiapó 1530000, Chile
| | - Hernán Pessoa-Mahana
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Ian Burbulis
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias, Universidad San Sebastián, Sede de la Patagonia, Puerto Montt 5501842, Chile
| | - David Vásquez-Velásquez
- Drug Development Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
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15
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Schmidhammer H, Al-Khrasani M, Fürst S, Spetea M. Peripheralization Strategies Applied to Morphinans and Implications for Improved Treatment of Pain. Molecules 2023; 28:4761. [PMID: 37375318 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioids are considered the most effective analgesics for the treatment of moderate to severe acute and chronic pain. However, the inadequate benefit/risk ratio of currently available opioids, together with the current 'opioid crisis', warrant consideration on new opioid analgesic discovery strategies. Targeting peripheral opioid receptors as effective means of treating pain and avoiding the centrally mediated side effects represents a research area of substantial and continuous attention. Among clinically used analgesics, opioids from the class of morphinans (i.e., morphine and structurally related analogues) are of utmost clinical importance as analgesic drugs activating the mu-opioid receptor. In this review, we focus on peripheralization strategies applied to N-methylmorphinans to limit their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, thus minimizing central exposure and the associated undesired side effects. Chemical modifications to the morphinan scaffold to increase hydrophilicity of known and new opioids, and nanocarrier-based approaches to selectively deliver opioids, such as morphine, to the peripheral tissue are discussed. The preclinical and clinical research activities have allowed for the characterization of a variety of compounds that show low central nervous system penetration, and therefore an improved side effect profile, yet maintaining the desired opioid-related antinociceptive activity. Such peripheral opioid analgesics may represent alternatives to presently available drugs for an efficient and safer pain therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Schmidhammer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mahmoud Al-Khrasani
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, H-1445 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Susanna Fürst
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, H-1445 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mariana Spetea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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16
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Maccari R, Ottanà R. Can Allostery Be a Key Strategy for Targeting PTP1B in Drug Discovery? A Lesson from Trodusquemine. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119621. [PMID: 37298571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is an enzyme crucially implicated in aberrations of various signaling pathways that underlie the development of different human pathologies, such as obesity, diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. Its inhibition can prevent these pathogenetic events, thus providing a useful tool for the discovery of novel therapeutic agents. The search for allosteric PTP1B inhibitors can represent a successful strategy to identify drug-like candidates by offering the opportunity to overcome some issues related to catalytic site-directed inhibitors, which have so far hampered the development of drugs targeting this enzyme. In this context, trodusquemine (MSI-1436), a natural aminosterol that acts as a non-competitive PTP1B inhibitor, appears to be a milestone. Initially discovered as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, trodusquemine exhibited a variety of unexpected properties, ranging from antidiabetic and anti-obesity activities to effects useful to counteract cancer and neurodegeneration, which prompted its evaluation in several preclinical and clinical studies. In this review article, we provide an overview of the main findings regarding the activities and therapeutic potential of trodusquemine and their correlation with PTP1B inhibition. We also included some aminosterol analogues and related structure-activity relationships that could be useful for further studies aimed at the discovery of new allosteric PTP1B inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Maccari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Rosaria Ottanà
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
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17
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Kar SS, Dhar AK, Palei NN, Bhatt S. Small-molecule oligonucleotides as smart modality for antiviral therapy: a medicinal chemistry perspective. Future Med Chem 2023; 15:1091-1110. [PMID: 37584172 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Small-molecule oligonucleotides could be exploited therapeutically to silence the expression of viral infection-causing genes, and a few of them are now in clinical trials for the management of viral infections. The most challenging aspect of these oligonucleotides' therapeutic success involves their delivery. Thus medicinal chemistry strategies are inevitable to avoid degradation by serum nucleases, avoid kidney clearance and improve cellular uptake. Recently small-molecule oligonucleotide design has opened up new avenues to improve the treatment of drug-resistant viral infections, along with the development of COVID-19 medicines. This review is directed toward the recent advances in rational design, mechanism of action, structure-activity relationships and future perspective of the small-molecule oligonucleotides targeting viral infections, including COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidhartha S Kar
- Institute of Pharmacy & Technology, Salipur, Cuttack, Odisha, 754202, India
| | - Arghya Kusum Dhar
- School of Pharmacy, The Neotia University, Sarisa, D.H. Road, 24 Pgs (South) West Bengal, 743368, India
| | - Narahari N Palei
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Lucknow Campus, Uttar Pradesh, 226010, India
| | - Shvetank Bhatt
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, Dr Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune, Maharashtra, 411038, India
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18
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Cadelis MM, Liu T, Sue K, Rouvier F, Bourguet-Kondracki ML, Brunel JM, Copp BR. Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of Indolglyoxyl-Polyamine Conjugates as Antimicrobials and Antibiotic Potentiators. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:823. [PMID: 37375770 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a growing global health threat, requiring urgent attention. One approach to overcome antibiotic resistance is to discover and develop new antibiotic enhancers, molecules that work with legacy antibiotics to enhance their efficacy against resistant bacteria. Our previous screening of a library of purified marine natural products and their synthetic analogues led to the discovery of an indolglyoxyl-spermine derivative that exhibited intrinsic antimicrobial properties and was also able to potentiate the action of doxycycline towards the difficult to treat, Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A set of analogues have now been prepared, exploring the influence of indole substitution at the 5- and 7- positions and length of the polyamine chain on biological activity. While limiting cytotoxicity and/or hemolytic activities were observed for many analogues, two 7-methyl substituted analogues (23b and 23c) were found to exhibit strong activity towards Gram-positive bacteria with no detectable cytotoxicity or hemolytic properties. Different molecular attributes were required for antibiotic enhancing properties, with one example identified, a 5-methoxy-substitiuted analogue (19a), as being a non-toxic, non-hemolytic enhancer of the action of two tetracycline antibiotics, doxycycline and minocycline, towards P. aeruginosa. These results provide further stimulation for the search for novel antimicrobials and antibiotic enhancers amongst marine natural products and related synthetic analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Cadelis
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Tim Liu
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Kenneth Sue
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Florent Rouvier
- UMR MD1 "Membranes et Cibles Thérapeutiques", U1261 INSERM, Faculté de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, 27 bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Marie-Lise Bourguet-Kondracki
- Laboratoire Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes, UMR 7245 CNRS, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 57 Rue Cuvier (C.P. 54), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean Michel Brunel
- UMR MD1 "Membranes et Cibles Thérapeutiques", U1261 INSERM, Faculté de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, 27 bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Brent R Copp
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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19
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Tang TT, Li SM, Pan BW, Xiao JW, Pang YX, Xie SX, Zhou Y, Yang J, Wei Y. Identification of Flavonoids from Scutellaria barbata D. Don as Inhibitors of HIV-1 and Cathepsin L Proteases and Their Structure-Activity Relationships. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114476. [PMID: 37298951 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Scutellaria barbata D. Don (SB, Chinese: Ban Zhi Lian), a well-known medicinal plant used in traditional Chinese medicine, is rich in flavonoids. It possesses antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral activities. In this study, we evaluated the inhibitory activities of SB extracts and its active components against HIV-1 protease (HIV-1 PR) and SARS-CoV2 viral cathepsin L protease (Cat L PR). UPLC/HRMS was used to identify and quantify the major active flavonoids in different SB extracts, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assays were used to determine HIV-1 PR and Cat L PR inhibitions and identify structure-activity relationships. Molecular docking was also performed, to explore the diversification in bonding patterns of the active flavonoids upon binding to the two PRs. Three SB extracts (SBW, SB30, and SB60) and nine flavonoids inhibited HIV-1 PR with an IC50 range from 0.006 to 0.83 mg/mL. Six of the flavonoids showed 10~37.6% inhibition of Cat L PR at a concentration of 0.1 mg/mL. The results showed that the introduction of the 4'-hydroxyl and 6-hydroxyl/methoxy groups was essential in the 5,6,7-trihydroxyl and 5,7,4'-trihydroxyl flavones, respectively, to enhance their dual anti-PR activities. Hence, the 5,6,7,4'-tetrahydroxyl flavone scutellarein (HIV-1 PR, IC50 = 0.068 mg/mL; Cat L PR, IC50 = 0.43 mg/mL) may serve as a lead compound to develop more effective dual protease inhibitors. The 5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyl flavone luteolin also showed a potent and selective inhibition of HIV-1 PR (IC50 = 0.039 mg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Tang
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Su-Mei Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Bo-Wen Pan
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jun-Wei Xiao
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yu-Xin Pang
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Shou-Xia Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jian Yang
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Ying Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
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Wollak B, Espinoza D, Dippel AC, Sturm M, Vrljic F, Gutowski O, Nielsen IG, Sheppard TL, Korup O, Horn R. Catalytic reactor for operando spatially resolved structure-activity profiling using high-energy X-ray diffraction. J Synchrotron Radiat 2023; 30:571-581. [PMID: 37042662 PMCID: PMC10161877 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577523001613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In heterogeneous catalysis, operando measurements probe catalysts in their active state and are essential for revealing complex catalyst structure-activity relationships. The development of appropriate operando sample environments for spatially resolved studies has come strongly into focus in recent years, particularly when coupled to the powerful and multimodal characterization tools available at synchrotron light sources. However, most catalysis studies at synchrotron facilities only measure structural information about the catalyst in a spatially resolved manner, whereas gas analysis is restricted to the reactor outlet. Here, a fully automated and integrated catalytic profile reactor setup is shown for the combined measurement of temperature, gas composition and high-energy X-ray diffraction (XRD) profiles, using the oxidative dehydrogenation of C2H6 to C2H4 over MoO3/γ-Al2O3 as a test system. The profile reactor methodology was previously developed for X-ray absorption spectroscopy and is here extended for operando XRD. The profile reactor is a versatile and accessible research tool for combined spatially resolved structure-activity profiling, enabling the use of multiple synchrotron-based characterization methods to promote a knowledge-based optimization of a wide range of catalytic systems in a time- and resource-efficient way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birte Wollak
- Institute of Chemical Reaction Engineering (CRT), Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH), Eißendorfer Straße 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Diego Espinoza
- Institute of Chemical Reaction Engineering (CRT), Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH), Eißendorfer Straße 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ann Christin Dippel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marina Sturm
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Filip Vrljic
- Institute of Chemical Reaction Engineering (CRT), Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH), Eißendorfer Straße 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Olof Gutowski
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ida G Nielsen
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas L Sheppard
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344 Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Korup
- Institute of Chemical Reaction Engineering (CRT), Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH), Eißendorfer Straße 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Raimund Horn
- Institute of Chemical Reaction Engineering (CRT), Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH), Eißendorfer Straße 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
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21
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Jun W, Yumin S, Heng Y. Recent advances in quinolone hybrids with potential antibacterial activity against drug-resistant bacteria. Future Med Chem 2023; 15:555-578. [PMID: 37102377 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Quinolone derivatives, represented by fluoroquinolones, have emerged as the most commonly prescribed antibacterials for the treatment of various bacterial infections. In particular, the combination of a quinolone moiety with other antibacterial pharmacophores has the potential to act on different drug targets, which in turn, overcome drug resistance. Accordingly, quinolone hybrids are useful prototypes for fighting drug-resistant pathogens. The purpose of the present review is to provide an emphasis on the current scenario of quinolone hybrids with potential antibacterial activity against drug-resistant pathogens, covering articles published in the past 10 years. The structure-activity relationships, various aspects of rational design and mechanisms of action are also discussed to facilitate further rational development of more effective candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Jun
- School of Nuclear Technology & Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science & Technology, Xianning, 437100, China
| | - Shi Yumin
- School of Nuclear Technology & Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science & Technology, Xianning, 437100, China
| | - Yan Heng
- Hubei Provincial Institute for Food Supervision & Test, Wuhan, Hubei, 430075, China
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22
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Mao X, Li H, Zheng J. Effects of xenobiotics on CYP1 enzyme-mediated biotransformation and bioactivation of estradiol. Drug Metab Rev 2023; 55:1-49. [PMID: 36823774 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2023.2177671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous estradiol (E2) exerts diverse physiological and pharmacological activities, commonly used for hormone replacement therapy. However, prolonged and excessive exposure to E2 potentially increases estrogenic cancer risk. Reportedly, CYP1 enzyme-mediated biotransformation of E2 is largely concerned with its balance between detoxification and carcinogenic pathways. Among the three key CYP1 enzymes (CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1), CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 mainly catalyze the formation of nontoxic 2-hydroxyestradiol (2-OH-E2), while CYP1B1 specifically catalyzes the formation of genotoxic 4-hydroxyestradiol (4-OH-E2). 4-OH-E2 can be further metabolized to electrophilic quinone intermediates accompanied by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), triggering DNA damage. Since abnormal alterations in CYP1 activities can greatly affect the bioactivation process of E2, regulatory effects of xenobiotics on CYP1s are essential for E2-associated cancer development. To date, thousands of natural and synthetic compounds have been found to show potential inhibition and/or induction actions on the three CYP1 members. Generally, these chemicals share similar planar polycyclic skeletons, the structural motifs and substituent groups of which are important for their inhibitory/inductive efficiency and selectivity toward CYP1 enzymes. This review comprehensively summarizes these known inhibitors and/or inductors of E2-metabolizing CYP1s based on chemical categories and discusses their structure-activity relationships, which would contribute to better understanding of the correlation between xenobiotic-regulated CYP1 activities and estrogenic cancer susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Mao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jiang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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23
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Tutov A, Chen X, Werner RA, Mühlig S, Zimmermann T, Nose N, Koshino K, Lapa C, Decker M, Higuchi T. Rationalizing the Binding Modes of PET Radiotracers Targeting the Norepinephrine Transporter. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020690. [PMID: 36840011 PMCID: PMC9963373 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE A new PET radiotracer 18F-AF78 showing great potential for clinical application has been reported recently. It belongs to a new generation of phenethylguanidine-based norepinephrine transporter (NET)-targeting radiotracers. Although many efforts have been made to develop NET inhibitors as antidepressants, systemic investigations of the structure-activity relationships (SARs) of NET-targeting radiotracers have rarely been performed. METHODS Without changing the phenethylguanidine pharmacophore and 3-fluoropropyl moiety that is crucial for easy labeling, six new analogs of 18F-AF78 with different meta-substituents on the benzene-ring were synthesized and evaluated in a competitive cellular uptake assay and in in vivo animal experiments in rats. Computational modeling of these tracers was established to quantitatively rationalize the interaction between the radiotracers and NET. RESULTS Using non-radiolabeled reference compounds, a competitive cellular uptake assay showed a decrease in NET-transporting affinity from meta-fluorine to iodine (0.42 and 6.51 µM, respectively), with meta-OH being the least active (22.67 µM). Furthermore, in vivo animal studies with radioisotopes showed that heart-to-blood ratios agreed with the cellular experiments, with AF78(F) exhibiting the highest cardiac uptake. This result correlates positively with the electronegativity rather than the atomic radius of the meta-substituent. Computational modeling studies revealed a crucial influence of halogen substituents on the radiotracer-NET interaction, whereby a T-shaped π-π stacking interaction between the benzene-ring of the tracer and the amino acid residues surrounding the NET binding site made major contributions to the different affinities, in accordance with the pharmacological data. CONCLUSION The SARs were characterized by in vitro and in vivo evaluation, and computational modeling quantitatively rationalized the interaction between radiotracers and the NET binding site. These findings pave the way for further evaluation in different species and underline the potential of AF78(F) for clinical application, e.g., cardiac innervation imaging or molecular imaging of neuroendocrine tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tutov
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Xinyu Chen
- Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, D-86156 Augsburg, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rudolf A. Werner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, The Russell H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Saskia Mühlig
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Zimmermann
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Naoko Nose
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-0082, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Koshino
- Department of Systems and Informatics, Hokkaido Information University, Ebetsu 069-0832, Japan
| | - Constantin Lapa
- Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, D-86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Michael Decker
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.D.); (T.H.); Tel.: +49-(931)-201-35455 (T.H.)
| | - Takahiro Higuchi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-0082, Japan
- Correspondence: (M.D.); (T.H.); Tel.: +49-(931)-201-35455 (T.H.)
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Lusardi M, Basilico N, Rotolo C, Parapini S, Spallarossa A. Antimalarial Activity of Tri- and Tetra-Substituted Anilino Pyrazoles. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041712. [PMID: 36838701 PMCID: PMC9964722 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyrazole core represents a privilege scaffold in medicinal chemistry; a number of pyrazole compounds are endowed with various pharmacological activities in different therapeutic areas including antimalarial treatment. Supported by this evidence, a series of 5-anilino-3-(hetero)arylpyrazoles were evaluated for their antiplasmodial activity in in vitro assays. The compounds were synthesized according to regioselective and versatile protocols that combine active methylene reagents, aryl isothiocyanates and (substituted)hydrazines. The considered derivatives 2 allowed the definition of consistent structure-activity relationships and compounds 2b,e,k,l were identified as the most interesting derivatives of the series showing micromolar IC50 values against chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium strains. Additionally, the most active anilino-pyrazoles did not show any cytotoxicity against tumor and normal cells and were predicted to have favorable drug-like and pharmacokinetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Lusardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Basilico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Rotolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Silvia Parapini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Spallarossa
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Correspondence:
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25
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Zeng Y, Zhou W, Yu J, Zhao L, Wang K, Hu Z, Liu X. By-Products of Fruit and Vegetables: Antioxidant Properties of Extractable and Non-Extractable Phenolic Compounds. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020418. [PMID: 36829977 PMCID: PMC9951942 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-extractable phenolic compounds (NEPs), or bound phenolic compounds, represent a crucial component of polyphenols. They are an essential fraction that remains in the residual matrix after the extraction of extractable phenolic compounds (EPs), making them a valuable resource for numerous applications. These compounds encompass a diverse range of phenolic compounds, ranging from low molecular weight phenolic to high polymeric polyphenols attached to other macro molecules, e.g., cell walls and proteins. Their status as natural, green antioxidants have been well established, with numerous studies showcasing their anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, anti-cancer, and hypoglycemic activities. These properties make them a highly desirable alternative to synthetic antioxidants. Fruit and vegetable (F&Veg) wastes, e.g., peels, pomace, and seeds, generated during the harvest, transport, and processing of F&Vegs, are abundant in NEPs and EPs. This review delves into the various types, contents, structures, and antioxidant activities of NEPs and EPs in F&Veg wastes. The relationship between the structure of these compounds and their antioxidant activity is explored in detail, highlighting the importance of structure-activity relationships in the field of natural antioxidants. Their potential applications ranging from functional food and beverage products to nutraceutical and cosmetic products. A glimpse into their bright future as a valuable resource for a greener, healthier, and more sustainable future, and calling for researchers, industrialists, and policymakers to explore their full potential, are elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenyi Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiahao Yu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhuoyan Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (Z.H.); or (X.L.); Tel.: +86-20-8528-0266 (Z.H. & X.L.)
| | - Xuwei Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (Z.H.); or (X.L.); Tel.: +86-20-8528-0266 (Z.H. & X.L.)
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Meng FF, Shang MH, Wei W, Yu ZW, Liu JL, Li ZM, Wang ZW, Wang JG, Dai HQ. Novel Sulfonylurea Derivatives as Potential Antimicrobial Agents: Chemical Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Computational Study. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12. [PMID: 36830234 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a worldwide health threat and has already tormented humanity during its long history, creating an urgent need for the development of new classes of antibacterial agents. In this study, twenty-one novel sulfonylurea derivatives containing phenyl-5-vinyl and pyrimidinyl-4-aryl moieties were designed and synthesized, among which, nine compounds exhibited inhibitory potencies against Gram-positive bacterial strains: MRSA (Chaoyang clinical isolates), S. aureus ATCC6538, vancomycin-resistant Enterococci-309 (VRE-309), and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633. Especially, 9i and 9q demonstrated inhibitory activities against the four bacterial strains with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 0.78-1.56 μg/mL, and quite a few of other MRSA clinical strains with MICs of 0.78 μg/mL, superior to those of the positive controls vancomycin (MIC of 1 μg/mL) and methicillin (MIC of >200 μg/mL). This is the very first time that sulfonylurea derivatives have been identified as promising inhibitors against different MRSA clinical isolates. In addition, all the MIC values of the synthesized compounds against Candida albicans were greater than 100 μg/mL. Since the reported anti-Candida activities of sulfonylureas were due to acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) inhibition, the molecular target against MRSA for the target sulfonylureas was thought to be a different mode of action. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were finally performed to understand the structure-activity relationships, based on which, significant differences were observed between their HOMO maps for compounds with strong antibacterial activities and weak anti-MRSA effects. The present results hence provide valuable guidance for the discovery of novel agents to treat bacterial infections, especially against MRSA.
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Krochtová K, Halečková A, Janovec L, Blizniaková M, Kušnírová K, Kožurková M. Novel 3,9-Disubstituted Acridines with Strong Inhibition Activity against Topoisomerase I: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Docking Study. Molecules 2023; 28:1308. [PMID: 36770975 PMCID: PMC9921529 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of novel 3,9-disubstituted acridines were synthesized and their biological potential was investigated. The synthetic plan consists of eight reaction steps, which produce the final products, derivatives 17a-17j, in a moderate yield. The principles of cheminformatics and computational chemistry were applied in order to study the relationship between the physicochemical properties of the 3,9-disubstituted acridines and their biological activity at a cellular and molecular level. The selected 3,9-disubstituted acridine derivatives were studied in the presence of DNA using spectroscopic (UV-Vis, circular dichroism, and thermal denaturation) and electrophoretic (nuclease activity, relaxation and unwinding assays for topoisomerase I and decatenation assay for topoisomerase IIα) methods. Binding constants (2.81-9.03 × 104 M-1) were calculated for the derivatives from the results of the absorption titration spectra. The derivatives were found to have caused the inhibition of both topoisomerase I and topoisomerase IIα. Molecular docking simulations suggested a different way in which the acridines 17a-17j can interact with topoisomerase I versus topoisomerase IIα. A strong correlation between the lipophilicity of the derivatives and their ability to stabilize the intercalation complex was identified for all of the studied agents. Acridines 17a-17j were also subjected to in vitro screening conducted by the Developmental Therapeutic Program of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) against a panel of 60 cancer cell lines. The strongest biological activity was displayed by aniline acridine 17a (MCF7-GI50 18.6 nM) and N,N-dimethylaniline acridine 17b (SR-GI50 38.0 nM). The relationship between the cytostatic activity of the most active substances (derivatives 17a, 17b, and 17e-17h) and their values of KB, LogP, ΔS°, and δ was also investigated. Due to the fact that a significant correlation was only found in the case of charge density, δ, it is possible to assume that the cytostatic effect might be dependent upon the structural specificity of the acridine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristína Krochtová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Moyzesova 11, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Annamária Halečková
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Moyzesova 11, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ladislav Janovec
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Moyzesova 11, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Michaela Blizniaková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Moyzesova 11, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Katarína Kušnírová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Moyzesova 11, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Mária Kožurková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Moyzesova 11, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
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Villanueva X, Zhen L, Ares JN, Vackier T, Lange H, Crestini C, Steenackers HP. Effect of chemical modifications of tannins on their antimicrobial and antibiofilm effect against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:987164. [PMID: 36687646 PMCID: PMC9853077 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.987164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tannins have demonstrated antibacterial and antibiofilm activity, but there are still unknown aspects on how the chemical properties of tannins affect their biological properties. We are interested in understanding how to modulate the antibiofilm activity of tannins and in delineating the relationship between chemical determinants and antibiofilm activity. Materials and methods The effect of five different naturally acquired tannins and their chemical derivatives on biofilm formation and planktonic growth of Salmonella Typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was determined in the Calgary biofilm device. Results Most of the unmodified tannins exhibited specific antibiofilm activity against the assayed bacteria. The chemical modifications were found to alter the antibiofilm activity level and spectrum of the tannins. A positive charge introduced by derivatization with higher amounts of ammonium groups shifted the anti-biofilm spectrum toward Gram-negative bacteria, and derivatization with lower amounts of ammonium groups and acidifying derivatization shifted the spectrum toward Gram-positive bacteria. Furthermore, the quantity of phenolic OH-groups per molecule was found to have a weak impact on the anti-biofilm activity of the tannins. Conclusion We were able to modulate the antibiofilm activity of several tannins by specific chemical modifications, providing a first approach for fine tuning of their activity and antibacterial spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xabier Villanueva
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Lili Zhen
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Rome, Italy,CSGI – Center for Colloid and Surface Science, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - José Nunez Ares
- Division of Mechatronics, Biostatistics and Sensors (MeBioS), Department of Biosystems (BIOSYST), KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Thijs Vackier
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Heiko Lange
- CSGI – Center for Colloid and Surface Science, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy,Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Crestini
- CSGI – Center for Colloid and Surface Science, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy,Department of Molecular Science and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
| | - Hans P. Steenackers
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium,*Correspondence: Hans P. Steenackers,
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Zheng W, Tu B, Zhang Z, Li J, Yan Z, Su K, Deng D, Sun Y, Wang X, Zhang B, Zhang K, Wong WL, Wu P, Hong WD, Ang S. Ligand and structure-based approaches for the exploration of structure-activity relationships of fusidic acid derivatives as antibacterial agents. Front Chem 2023; 10:1094841. [PMID: 36688047 PMCID: PMC9852990 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1094841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Fusidic acid (FA) has been widely applied in the clinical prevention and treatment of bacterial infections. Nonetheless, its clinical application has been limited due to its narrow antimicrobial spectrum and some side effects. Purpose: Therefore, it is necessary to explore the structure-activity relationships of FA derivatives as antibacterial agents to develop novel ones possessing a broad antimicrobial spectrum. Methods and result: First, a pharmacophore model was established on the nineteen FA derivatives with remarkable antibacterial activities reported in previous studies. The common structural characteristics of the pharmacophore emerging from the FA derivatives were determined as those of six hydrophobic centers, two atom centers of the hydrogen bond acceptor, and a negative electron center around the C-21 field. Then, seven FA derivatives have been designed according to the reported structure-activity relationships and the pharmacophore characteristics. The designed FA derivatives were mapped on the pharmacophore model, and the Qfit values of all FA derivatives were over 50 and FA-8 possessed the highest value of 82.66. The molecular docking studies of the partial target compounds were conducted with the elongation factor G (EF-G) of S. aureus. Furthermore, the designed FA derivatives have been prepared and their antibacterial activities were evaluated by the inhibition zone test and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test. The derivative FA-7 with a chlorine group as the substituent group at C-25 of FA displayed the best antibacterial property with an MIC of 3.125 µM. Subsequently, 3D-QSAR was carried on all the derivatives by using the CoMSIA mode of SYBYL-X 2.0. Conclusion: Hence, a computer-aided drug design model was developed for FA, which can be further used to optimize FA derivatives as highly potent antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wende Zheng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China,International Healthcare Innovation Institute, Jiangmen, China
| | - Borong Tu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China,International Healthcare Innovation Institute, Jiangmen, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China,International Healthcare Innovation Institute, Jiangmen, China
| | - Jinxuan Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China,International Healthcare Innovation Institute, Jiangmen, China
| | - Zhenping Yan
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China,International Healthcare Innovation Institute, Jiangmen, China
| | - Kaize Su
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China,International Healthcare Innovation Institute, Jiangmen, China
| | - Duanyu Deng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China,International Healthcare Innovation Institute, Jiangmen, China
| | - Ying Sun
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China,International Healthcare Innovation Institute, Jiangmen, China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China,International Healthcare Innovation Institute, Jiangmen, China
| | - Bingjie Zhang
- School of Biomedicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China,International Healthcare Innovation Institute, Jiangmen, China
| | - Wing-Leung Wong
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Panpan Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China,International Healthcare Innovation Institute, Jiangmen, China,*Correspondence: Panpan Wu, ; Weiqian David Hong, ; Song Ang,
| | - Weiqian David Hong
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China,International Healthcare Innovation Institute, Jiangmen, China,*Correspondence: Panpan Wu, ; Weiqian David Hong, ; Song Ang,
| | - Song Ang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China,International Healthcare Innovation Institute, Jiangmen, China,*Correspondence: Panpan Wu, ; Weiqian David Hong, ; Song Ang,
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Strharsky T, Pindjakova D, Kos J, Vrablova L, Smak P, Michnova H, Gonec T, Hosek J, Oravec M, Jendrzejewska I, Cizek A, Jampilek J. Trifluoromethylcinnamanilide Michael Acceptors for Treatment of Resistant Bacterial Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 36499415 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of thirty-two anilides of 3-(trifluoromethyl)cinnamic acid (series 1) and 4-(trifluoromethyl)cinnamic acid (series 2) was prepared by microwave-assisted synthesis. All the compounds were tested against reference strains Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 and resistant clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis (VRE). All the compounds were evaluated in vitro against Mycobacterium smegmatis ATCC 700084 and M. marinum CAMP 5644. (2E)-3-[3-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-N-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]prop-2-enamide (1j), (2E)-N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]prop-2-enamide (1o) and (2E)-N-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]prop-2-enamide (2i), (2E)-N-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-prop-2-enamide (2p) showed antistaphylococcal (MICs/MBCs 0.15-5.57 µM) as well as anti-enterococcal (MICs/MBCs 2.34-44.5 µM) activity. The growth of M. marinum was strongly inhibited by compounds 1j and 2p in a MIC range from 0.29 to 2.34 µM, while all the agents of series 1 showed activity against M. smegnatis (MICs ranged from 9.36 to 51.7 µM). The performed docking study demonstrated the ability of the compounds to bind to the active site of the mycobacterial enzyme InhA. The compounds had a significant effect on the inhibition of bacterial respiration, as demonstrated by the MTT assay. The compounds showed not only bacteriostatic activity but also bactericidal activity. Preliminary in vitro cytotoxicity screening was assessed using the human monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1 and, except for compound 2p, all effective agents did show insignificant cytotoxic effect. Compound 2p is an interesting anti-invasive agent with dual (cytotoxic and antibacterial) activity, while compounds 1j and 1o are the most interesting purely antibacterial compounds within the prepared molecules.
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Cui AL, Zhou ZY, Wang YL, Wu LT, Xue ST, Li ZR. Synthesis and anti-ovarian cancer effects of benzimidazole-2-substituted pyridine and phenyl propenone derivatives. Future Med Chem 2022; 14:1835-46. [PMID: 36373543 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2022-0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Given the benzimidazole derivatives have anti-ovarian cancer effects, the authors aimed to determine whether benzimidazole-2-substituted pyridine and phenyl propenone derivatives exert anti-ovarian cancer activity. Materials & methods: 21 derivatives were synthesized and assayed for their antiproliferative activities. Western blotting in A2780 cells was used to detect the effects of compound A-6 on apoptosis-related proteins. Invasion, migration and apoptosis were assayed in SKOV3 cells treated with A-6. The in vivo activity was also examined. Results: A-6 could inhibit proliferation, invasion and migration and induce apoptosis in SKOV3 cells. Additionally, A-6 had potent inhibitory activity in a xenograft mouse model. Conclusion: A-6 shows potent efficacy in the treatment of ovarian cancer and may be a potential antitumor agent.
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Saleemi MA, Yahaya N, Zain NNM, Raoov M, Yong YK, Noor NS, Lim V. Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Effects of Cannabinoids: An Updated Review with Future Perspectives and Current Challenges. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1228. [PMID: 36297340 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of new antibiotics is urgently needed to combat the threat of bacterial resistance. New classes of compounds that have novel properties are urgently needed for the development of effective antimicrobial agents. The extract of Cannabis sativa L. has been used to treat multiple ailments since ancient times. Its bioactivity is largely attributed to the cannabinoids found in its plant. Researchers are currently searching for new anti-infective agents that can treat various infections. Although its phytocannabinoid ingredients have a wide range of medical benefits beyond the treatment of infections, they are primarily associated to psychotropic effects. Different cannabinoids have been demonstrated to be helpful against harmful bacteria, including Gram-positive bacteria. Moreover, combination therapy involving the use of different antibiotics has shown synergism and broad-spectrum activity. The purpose of this review is to gather current data on the actions of Cannabis sativa (C. sativa) extracts and its primary constituents such as terpenes and cannabinoids towards pathogens in order to determine their antimicrobial properties and cytotoxic effects together with current challenges and future perspectives in biomedical application.
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Pindjakova D, Pilarova E, Pauk K, Michnova H, Hosek J, Magar P, Cizek A, Imramovsky A, Jampilek J. Study of Biological Activities and ADMET-Related Properties of Salicylanilide-Based Peptidomimetics. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911648. [PMID: 36232947 PMCID: PMC9569995 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of eleven benzylated intermediates and eleven target compounds derived from salicylanilide were tested against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 as reference strains and against three clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and three isolates of vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis. In addition, the compounds were evaluated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra and M. smegmatis ATCC 700084. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the compounds was assessed using the human monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1. The lipophilicity of the prepared compounds was experimentally determined and correlated with biological activity. The benzylated intermediates were found to be completely biologically inactive. Of the final eleven compounds, according to the number of amide groups in the molecule, eight are diamides, and three are triamides that were inactive. 5-Chloro-2-hydroxy-N-[(2S)- 4-(methylsulfanyl)-1-oxo-1-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino}butan-2-yl]benzamide (3e) and 5-chloro-2-hydroxy-N-[(2S)-(4-methyl-1-oxo-1-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino)pentan-2-yl)benzamide (3f) showed the broadest spectrum of activity against all tested species/isolates comparable to the used standards (ampicillin and isoniazid). Six diamides showed high antistaphylococcal activity with MICs ranging from 0.070 to 8.95 μM. Three diamides showed anti-enterococcal activity with MICs ranging from 4.66 to 35.8 μM, and the activities of 3f and 3e against M. tuberculosis and M. smegmatis were MICs of 18.7 and 35.8 μM, respectively. All the active compounds were microbicidal. It was observed that the connecting linker between the chlorsalicylic and 4-CF3-anilide cores must be substituted with a bulky and/or lipophilic chain such as isopropyl, isobutyl, or thiabutyl chain. Anticancer activity on THP-1 cells IC50 ranged from 1.4 to >10 µM and increased with increasing lipophilicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Pindjakova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eliska Pilarova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 95, 530 09 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Pauk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 95, 530 09 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Michnova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hosek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pratibha Magar
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 95, 530 09 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Alois Cizek
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Imramovsky
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 95, 530 09 Pardubice, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
| | - Josef Jampilek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Gonec T, Pindjakova D, Vrablova L, Strharsky T, Michnova H, Kauerova T, Kollar P, Oravec M, Jendrzejewska I, Cizek A, Jampilek J. Antistaphylococcal Activities and ADME-Related Properties of Chlorinated Arylcarbamoylnaphthalenylcarbamates. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15. [PMID: 35745634 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pattern 1-hydroxy-N-(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl)-2-naphthamide and the thirteen original carbamates derived from it were prepared and characterized. All the compounds were tested against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 as a reference and quality control strain and in addition against three clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Moreover, the compounds were evaluated against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, and preliminary in vitro cytotoxicity of the compounds was assessed using the human monocytic leukemia cell line (THP-1). The lipophilicity of the prepared compounds was experimentally determined and correlated with biological activity. While pattern anilide had no antibacterial activity, the prepared carbamates demonstrated high antistaphylococcal activity comparable to the used standards (ampicillin and ciprofloxacin), which unfortunately were ineffective against E. feacalis. 2-[(2,4,5-Trichlorophenyl)carba- moyl]naphthalen-1-yl ethylcarbamate (2) and 2-[(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl)carbamoyl]naphthalen-1-yl butylcarbamate (4) expressed the nanomolar minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs 0.018−0.064 μM) against S. aureus and at least two other MRSA isolates. Microbicidal effects based on the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) against all the tested staphylococci were found for nine carbamates, while 2-[(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl)carbamoyl]naphthalen-1-yl heptylcarbamate (7) and 2-[(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl)carbamoyl]naphthalen-1-yl (4-phenylbutyl)carbamate (14) demonstrated MBCs in the range of 0.124−0.461 μM. The selectivity index (SI) for most investigated carbamates was >20 and for some derivatives even >100. The performed tests did not show an effect on the damage to the bacterial membrane, while the compounds were able to inhibit the respiratory chain of S. aureus.
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Zhang J, Wang W, Tian Y, Ma L, Zhou L, Sun H, Ma Y, Hou H, Wang X, Ye J, Wang X. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel diosgenin-benzoic acid mustard hybrids with potential anti-proliferative activities in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:1299-1314. [PMID: 35652316 PMCID: PMC9176691 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2070161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To discover new lead compounds with anti-tumour activities, in the present study, natural diosgenin was hybridised with the reported benzoic acid mustard pharmacophore. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the resulting newly synthesised hybrids (8–10, 14a–14f, and 15a–15f) was then evaluated in three tumour cells (HepG2, MCF-7, and HeLa) as well as normal GES-1 cells. Among them, 14f possessed the most potential anti-proliferative activity against HepG2 cells, with an IC50 value of 2.26 µM, which was 14.4-fold higher than that of diosgenin (IC50 = 32.63 µM). Furthermore, it showed weak cytotoxicity against GES-1 cells (IC50 > 100 µM), thus exhibiting good antiproliferative selectivity between normal and tumour cells. Moreover, 14f could induce G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis of HepG2 cells. From a mechanistic perspective, 14f regulated cell cycle-related proteins (CDK2, CDK4, CDK6, cyclin D1 and cyclin E1) as well mitochondrial apoptosis pathway-related proteins (Bax, Bcl-2, caspase 9, and caspase 3). These findings suggested that hybrid 14f serves as a promising anti-hepatoma lead compound that deserves further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Wenbao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, P. R. China.,Chinese People's Liberation Army Logistics Support Force No. 967 Hospital, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Yanzhao Tian
- Chinese People's Liberation Army Logistics Support Force No. 967 Hospital, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Liwei Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Chinese People's Liberation Army Logistics Support Force No. 967 Hospital, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Hao Sun
- Chinese People's Liberation Army Logistics Support Force No. 967 Hospital, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Yukun Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Huiling Hou
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Jin Ye
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Chinese People's Liberation Army Logistics Support Force No. 967 Hospital, Dalian, P. R. China
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Moukheiber L, Mangione W, Moukheiber M, Maleki S, Falls Z, Gao M, Samudrala R. Identifying Protein Features and Pathways Responsible for Toxicity Using Machine Learning and Tox21: Implications for Predictive Toxicology. Molecules 2022; 27. [PMID: 35566372 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27093021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans are exposed to numerous compounds daily, some of which have adverse effects on health. Computational approaches for modeling toxicological data in conjunction with machine learning algorithms have gained popularity over the last few years. Machine learning approaches have been used to predict toxicity-related biological activities using chemical structure descriptors. However, toxicity-related proteomic features have not been fully investigated. In this study, we construct a computational pipeline using machine learning models for predicting the most important protein features responsible for the toxicity of compounds taken from the Tox21 dataset that is implemented within the multiscale Computational Analysis of Novel Drug Opportunities (CANDO) therapeutic discovery platform. Tox21 is a highly imbalanced dataset consisting of twelve in vitro assays, seven from the nuclear receptor (NR) signaling pathway and five from the stress response (SR) pathway, for more than 10,000 compounds. For the machine learning model, we employed a random forest with the combination of Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) and the Edited Nearest Neighbor (ENN) method (SMOTE+ENN), which is a resampling method to balance the activity class distribution. Within the NR and SR pathways, the activity of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (NR-AhR) and the mitochondrial membrane potential (SR-MMP) were two of the top-performing twelve toxicity endpoints with AUCROCs of 0.90 and 0.92, respectively. The top extracted features for evaluating compound toxicity were analyzed for enrichment to highlight the implicated biological pathways and proteins. We validated our enrichment results for the activity of the AhR using a thorough literature search. Our case study showed that the selected enriched pathways and proteins from our computational pipeline are not only correlated with AhR toxicity but also form a cascading upstream/downstream arrangement. Our work elucidates significant relationships between protein and compound interactions computed using CANDO and the associated biological pathways to which the proteins belong for twelve toxicity endpoints. This novel study uses machine learning not only to predict and understand toxicity but also elucidates therapeutic mechanisms at a proteomic level for a variety of toxicity endpoints.
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Tian SY, Chen SM, Pan CX, Li Y. FXR: structures, biology, and drug development for NASH and fibrosis diseases. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:1120-1132. [PMID: 35217809 PMCID: PMC9061771 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00849-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear receptor farnesoid-X-receptor (FXR) plays an essential role in bile acid, glucose, and lipid homeostasis. In the last two decades, several diseases, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, cholestasis, and chronic inflammatory diseases of the liver and intestine, have been revealed to be associated with alterations in FXR functions. FXR has become a promising therapeutic drug target, particularly for enterohepatic diseases. Despite the large number of FXR modulators reported, only obeticholic acid (OCA) has been approved for primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) therapy as FXR modulator. In this review, we summarize the structure and function of FXR, the development of FXR modulators, and the structure-activity relationships of FXR modulators. Based on the structural analysis, we discuss potential strategies for developing future therapeutic FXR modulators to overcome current limitations, providing new perspectives for enterohepatic and metabolic diseases treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-yu Tian
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233The State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 China
| | - Shu-ming Chen
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233The State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 China
| | - Cheng-xi Pan
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233The State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 China
| | - Yong Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
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Roberts DW. A critical review of the kinetic direct peptide reactivity assay (kDPRA) for skin sensitizer potency assessment - taking it forward. Crit Rev Toxicol 2022; 51:805-819. [PMID: 35166165 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2021.2020212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
It is widely recognized that the ability of chemicals to sensitize, and the potency of those chemicals that are sensitizers, is related to their ability to covalently modify protein in the skin. With the object of putting non-animal-based prediction of skin sensitization on a more quantitative footing, a recent paper describes the development of the kinetic Direct Protein Reactivity Assay (kDPRA), in which a matrix of peptide depletion values for different reaction times and test chemical concentrations is generated and analyzed so as to derive a reactivity parameter, logkmax, which is used to classify chemicals into one of two potency categories. The present paper demonstrates that the reaction chemistry is not always consistent with the mathematical analysis of the data matrix and the kDPRA protocol does not identify such cases. Consequently the derived logkmax value is not always mechanistically meaningful and its application to predict potency can lead to misleading conclusions. It is shown that by adopting a data analysis protocol based on conventional kinetics practice, the kDPRA can be made to provide more reliably meaningful and more extensive information that can be used for purposes such as potency estimation for deriving No Expected Sensitization Induction Level (NESILs) required for quantitative risk assessment (QRA), deriving quality specifications in terms of acceptable impurity levels, and development of structure-activity relationships. Secondly, the paper addresses applicability domain issues, in particular the problem of deciding whether or not the kDPRA is applicable for a given chemical.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Roberts
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, England, UK
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Zhong G, Shen J, Chen Z, Lin Z, Long L, Wu J, Long C, Huang S, Lian P, Luo G. Antioxidant and Antitumor Activities of Newly Synthesized Hesperetin Derivatives. Molecules 2022; 27:879. [PMID: 35164142 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hesperetin is a class of natural products with a wide range of sources and remarkable biological activities. In this study, we described the synthesis of a series of novel hesperetin derivatives and evaluated the in vitro antioxidant and antitumor activity of these compounds. Eleven novel compounds were synthesized in moderate yields. The compounds synthesized in this work exhibited antioxidant activities against DPPH and ABTS free radicals in a dose-dependent manner. Among them, compound 3f had the best antioxidant activity, with IC50 of 1.2 μM and 24 μM for DPPH and ABTS, respectively. The antitumor activity of the compounds against human cancer cell lines, such as breast MCF-7, liver HepG2, and cervical Hela, was determined by a standard 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Three compounds had moderate IC50 values. Interestingly, compound 3f had better biological activity than hesperetin, which matches the prediction by Maestro from Schrödinger. Therefore, the new hesperidin derivative is a promising drug for the treatment of cancer due to its effective antitumor activity. The results also suggested that the antitumor activities of hesperetin derivatives may be related to their antioxidant activities.
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Lin Y, Lin T, Cheng N, Wu S, Huang J, Chen X, Chen T, Zhou M, Wang L, Shaw C. Evaluation of antimicrobial and anticancer activities of three peptides identified from the skin secretion of Hylarana latouchii. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:1469-1483. [PMID: 34508563 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmab126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The skins of frogs of the family Ranidae are particularly rich sources of biologically active peptides, among which antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) constitute the major portion. Some of these have attracted the interest of researchers because they possess both antimicrobial and anticancer activities. In this study, with 'shotgun' cloning and MS/MS fragmentation, three AMPs, homologues of family brevinin-1 (brevinin-1HL), and temporin (temporin-HLa and temporin-HLb), were discovered from the skin secretion of the broad-folded frog, Hylarana latouchii. They exhibited various degrees of antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities against test microorganisms and hemolysis on horse erythrocytes. It was found that they could induce bacteria death through disrupting cell membranes and binding to bacterial DNA. In addition, they also showed different potencies towards human cancer cell lines. The secondary structure and physicochemical properties of each peptide were investigated to preliminarily reveal their structure-activity relationships. Circular dichroism spectrometry showed that they all adopted a canonical α-helical conformation in membrane-mimetic solvents. Notably, the prepropeptide of brevinin-1HL from H. latouchii was highly identical to that of brevinin-1GHd from Hylarana guentheri, indicating a close relationship between these two species. Accordingly, this study provides candidates for the design of novel anti-infective and antineoplastic agents to fight multidrug-resistant bacteria and malignant tumors and also offers additional clues for the taxonomy of ranid frogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lin
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Tianxing Lin
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ningna Cheng
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shuting Wu
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jiancai Huang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Tianbao Chen
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Mei Zhou
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Lei Wang
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Chris Shaw
- Natural Drug Discovery Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
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41
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Hopfner SM, Lee BS, Kalia NP, Miller MJ, Pethe K, Moraski GC. Syntheses and Structure-Activity Relationships of N-Phenethyl-Quinazolin-4-yl-Amines as Potent Inhibitors of Cytochrome bd Oxidase in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Appl Sci (Basel) 2021; 11:9092. [PMID: 36698770 DOI: 10.3390/app11199092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The development of cytochrome bd oxidase (cyt-bd) inhibitors are needed for comprehensive termination of energy production in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) to treat tuberculosis infections. Herein, we report on the structure-activity-relationships (SAR) of 22 new N-phenethyl-quinazolin-4-yl-amines that target cyt-bd. Our focused set of compounds was synthesized and screened against three mycobacterial strains: Mycobacterium bovis BCG, Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and the clinical isolate Mycobacterium tuberculosis N0145 with and without the cytochrome bcc:aa 3 inhibitor Q203 in an ATP depletion assay. Two compounds, 12a and 19a, were more active against all three strains than the naturally derived cyt-bd inhibitor aurachin D.
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42
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Huang Y, Li G, Hong C, Zheng X, Yu H, Zhang Y. Potential of Steroidal Alkaloids in Cancer: Perspective Insight Into Structure-Activity Relationships. Front Oncol 2021; 11:733369. [PMID: 34616681 PMCID: PMC8489381 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.733369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroidal alkaloids contain both steroidal and alkaloid properties in terms of chemical properties and pharmacological activities. Due to outstanding biological activities such as alkaloids and similar pharmacological effects to other steroids, steroidal alkaloids have received special attention in anticancer activity recently. Substituted groups in chemical structure play markedly important roles in biological activities. Therefore, the effective way to obtain lead compounds quickly is structural modification, which is guided by structure-activity relationships (SARs). This review presents the SAR of steroidal alkaloids and anticancer, including pregnane alkaloids, cyclopregnane alkaloids, cholestane alkaloids, C-nor-D-homosteroidal alkaloids, and bis-steroidal pyrazine. A summary of SAR can powerfully help to design and synthesize more lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Gen Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Chong Hong
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xia Zheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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43
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Spetea M, Schmidhammer H. Recent Chemical and Pharmacological Developments on 14-Oxygenated- N-methylmorphinan-6-ones. Molecules 2021; 26:5677. [PMID: 34577147 PMCID: PMC8464912 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adequate pain management, particularly chronic pain, remains a major challenge associated with modern-day medicine. Current pharmacotherapy offers unsatisfactory long-term solutions due to serious side effects related to the chronic administration of analgesic drugs. Morphine and structurally related derivatives (e.g., oxycodone, oxymorphone, buprenorphine) are highly effective opioid analgesics, mediating their effects via the activation of opioid receptors, with the mu-opioid receptor subtype as the primary molecular target. However, they also cause addiction and overdose deaths, which has led to a global opioid crisis in the last decades. Therefore, research efforts are needed to overcome the limitations of present pain therapies with the aim to improve treatment efficacy and to reduce complications. This review presents recent chemical and pharmacological advances on 14-oxygenated-N-methylmorphinan-6-ones, in the search of safer pain therapeutics. We focus on drug design strategies and structure-activity relationships on specific modifications in positions 5, 6, 14 and 17 on the morphinan skeleton, with the goal of aiding the discovery of opioid analgesics with more favorable pharmacological properties, potent analgesia and fewer undesirable effects. Targeted molecular modifications on the morphinan scaffold can afford novel opioids as bi- or multifunctional ligands targeting multiple opioid receptors, as attractive alternatives to mu-opioid receptor selective analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Spetea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
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44
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Vicente-Blázquez A, González M, Medarde M, Mollinedo F, Peláez R. New indolesulfonamide derivatives targeting the colchicine site of tubulin: synthesis, anti-tumour activity, structure-activity relationships, and molecular modelling. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:2025-2044. [PMID: 34514909 PMCID: PMC8439230 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1975277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Searching for improved indolesulfonamides with higher polarities, 45 new analogues with modifications on the sulfonamide nitrogen, the methoxyaniline, and/or the indole 3-position were synthesised. They show submicromolar to nanomolar antiproliferative IC50 values against four human tumour cell lines and they are not P-glycoprotein substrates as their potencies against HeLa cells did not improve upon cotreatment with multidrug resistance (MDR) inhibitors. The compounds inhibit tubulin polymerisation in vitro and in cells, thus causing a mitotic arrest followed by apoptosis as shown by cell cycle distribution studies. Molecular modelling studies indicate binding at the colchicine site. Methylated sulfonamides were more potent than those with large and polar substitutions. Amide, formyl, or nitrile groups at the indole 3-position provided drug-like properties for reduced toxicity, with Polar Surface Areas (PSA) above a desirable 75 Å2. Nitriles 15 and 16 are potent polar analogues and represent an interesting class of new antimitotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Vicente-Blázquez
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Laboratory of Cell Death and Cancer Therapy, Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Facultad de Farmacia, Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Myriam González
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Facultad de Farmacia, Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Manuel Medarde
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Facultad de Farmacia, Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Faustino Mollinedo
- Laboratory of Cell Death and Cancer Therapy, Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Peláez
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Facultad de Farmacia, Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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45
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Abstract
Biophysical methods are widely employed in academia and the pharmaceutical industry to detect and quantify weak molecular interactions. Such methods find broad application in fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD). In an FBDD campaign, a suitable affinity determination method is key to advancing a project beyond the initial screening phase. Protein-observed (PO) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) finds widespread use due to its ability to sensitively detect very weak interactions at residue-level resolution. When there are issues precluding the use of PO-NMR, ligand-observed (LO) NMR reporter assays can be a useful alternative. Such assays can measure affinities in a similar range to PO-NMR while offering some distinct advantages, especially with regard to protein consumption and compound throughput. In this paper, we take a closer look at setting up such assays for routine use, with the aim of getting high-quality, accurate data and good throughput. We assess some of the key characteristics of these assays in the mathematical framework established for fluorescence polarization assays with which the readers may be more familiar. We also provide guidance on setting up such assays and compare their performance with other affinity determination methods that are commonly used in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Reto Walser
- Molecular Sciences, Astex Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, UK
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46
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Baglini E, Ravichandran R, Berrino E, Salerno S, Barresi E, Marini AM, Viviano M, Castellano S, Da Settimo F, Supuran CT, Cosconati S, Taliani S. Tetrahydroquinazole-based secondary sulphonamides as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: synthesis, biological evaluation against isoforms I, II, IV, and IX, and computational studies. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:1874-1883. [PMID: 34340614 PMCID: PMC8344263 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1956913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A library of variously decorated N-phenyl secondary sulphonamides featuring the bicyclic tetrahydroquinazole scaffold was synthesised and biologically evaluated for their inhibitory activity against human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) I, II, IV, and IX. Of note, several compounds were identified showing submicromolar potency and excellent selectivity for the tumour-related hCA IX isoform. Structure-activity relationship data attained for various substitutions were rationalised by molecular modelling studies in terms of both inhibitory activity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Baglini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Emanuela Berrino
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Monica Viviano
- Department of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Sabrina Castellano
- Department of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | | | - Claudiu T Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Sandro Cosconati
- DiSTABiF, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
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47
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Sinreih M, Jójárt R, Kele Z, Büdefeld T, Paragi G, Mernyák E, Rižner TL. Synthesis and evaluation of AKR1C inhibitory properties of A-ring halogenated oestrone derivatives. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:1500-1508. [PMID: 34227437 PMCID: PMC8266253 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1937142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes AKR1C regulate the action of oestrogens, androgens, and progesterone at the pre-receptor level and are also associated with chemo-resistance. The activities of these oestrone halides were investigated on recombinant AKR1C enzymes. The oestrone halides with halogen atoms at both C-2 and C-4 positions (13β-, 13α-methyl-17-keto halogen derivatives) were the most potent inhibitors of AKR1C1. The lowest IC50 values were for the 13α-epimers 2_2I,4Br and 2_2I,4Cl (IC50, 0.7 μM, 0.8 μM, respectively), both of which selectively inhibited the AKR1C1 isoform. The 13α-methyl-17-keto halogen derivatives 2_2Br and 2_4Cl were the most potent inhibitors of AKR1C2 (IC50, 1.5 μM, 1.8 μM, respectively), with high selectivity for the AKR1C2 isoform. Compound 1_2Cl,4Cl showed the best AKR1C3 inhibition, and it also inhibited AKR1C1 (Ki: AKR1C1, 0.69 μM; AKR1C3, 1.43 μM). These data show that halogenated derivatives of oestrone represent a new class of potent and selective AKR1C inhibitors as lead compounds for further optimisations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maša Sinreih
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rebeka Jójárt
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Kele
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tomaž Büdefeld
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gábor Paragi
- MTA-SZTE Biomimetic Systems Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Institute of Physics, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Mernyák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tea Lanišnik Rižner
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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48
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Chen J, Ran M, Wang M, Liu X, Liu S, Yu Y. Structure-activity relationships of antityrosinase and antioxidant activities of cinnamic acid and its derivatives. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:1697-1705. [PMID: 33974002 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The related structure-activity relationships of cinnamic acid and its derivates have not been studied in details yet. Herein, antityrosinase and antioxidant activities of 18 compounds were evaluated. The results demonstrated that the substituents on the phenyl ring of cinnamic acid led to the enhancement of the inhibition on monophenolase and the weakening of the inhibition on diphenolase. Among these tested compounds, 9 was first discovered as a tyrosinase inhibitor in a reversible competitive manner with IC50 value of 68.6 ± 4.2 µm. Docking results demonstrated 9 located into the catalytic center of tyrosinase. Antioxidant assay indicated that only 1 hydroxyl group on the phenyl ring was not enough to possess the radical scavenging activity, and the number of hydroxyl groups may be more important. This study will be helpful in the development of new cinnamic acid derivates as tyrosinase inhibitors and antioxidants with higher efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Chen
- School of Pharmacy and Medical technology, Putian University, Fujian, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR, China
| | - Mengnan Ran
- School of Pharmacy and Medical technology, Putian University, Fujian, China
| | - Meixia Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Medical technology, Putian University, Fujian, China
| | - Xinying Liu
- School of Pharmacy and Medical technology, Putian University, Fujian, China
| | - Siwan Liu
- School of Pharmacy and Medical technology, Putian University, Fujian, China
| | - Yue Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR, China
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49
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Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacteria infections are a growing concern, and their incidence has been increasing worldwide in recent years. Current treatments are not necessarily useful because many were initially designed to work against other bacteria, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In addition, inadequate treatment means that resistant strains are increasingly appearing, particularly for Mycobacterium abscessus, one of the most virulent nontuberculous mycobacteria. There is an urgent need to develop new antibiotics specifically directed against these nontuberculous mycobacteria. To help in this fight against the emergence of these pathogens, this review describes the most promising heterocyclic antibiotics under development, with particular attention paid to their structure-activity relationships.
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50
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González M, Ovejero-Sánchez M, Vicente-Blázquez A, Medarde M, González-Sarmiento R, Peláez R. Methoxy and bromo scans on N-(5-methoxyphenyl) methoxybenzenesulphonamides reveal potent cytotoxic compounds, especially against the human breast adenocarcinoma MCF7 cell line. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:1029-1047. [PMID: 34107837 PMCID: PMC8205030 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1925265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Thirty seven N-(5-methoxyphenyl)-4-methoxybenzenesulphonamide with methoxy or/and bromo substitutions (series 1-4) and with different substituents on the sulphonamide nitrogen have been synthesised. 21 showed sub-micromolar cytotoxicity against HeLa and HT-29 human tumour cell lines, and were particularly effective against MCF7. The most potent series has 2,5-dimethoxyanilines, especially the 4-brominated compounds 23–25. The active compounds inhibit microtubular protein polymerisation at micromolar concentrations, thus pointing at tubulin as the target. Co-treatment with the MDR inhibitor verapamil suggests that they are not MDR substrates. Compound 25 showed nanomolar antiproliferative potency. It severely disrupts the microtubule network in cells and arrests cells at the G2/M cell-cycle phase, thus confirming tubulin targeting. 25 triggered apoptotic cell death, and induced autophagy. Docking studies suggest binding in a distinct way to the colchicine site. These compounds are promising new antitumor agents acting on tubulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam González
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - María Ovejero-Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Unidad de Medicina Molecular, Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Laboratorio de Diagnóstico en Cáncer Hereditario, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alba Vicente-Blázquez
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Manuel Medarde
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rogelio González-Sarmiento
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Unidad de Medicina Molecular, Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Laboratorio de Diagnóstico en Cáncer Hereditario, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rafael Peláez
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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