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Dzakovich MP, Goggans ML, Thomas-Ahner JM, Moran NE, Clinton SK, Francis DM, Cooperstone JL. Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Reveal Tomato Consumption Alters Hepatic Xenobiotic Metabolism and Induces Steroidal Alkaloid Metabolite Accumulation in Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300239. [PMID: 38212250 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Tomato consumption is associated with many health benefits including lowered risk for developing certain cancers. It is hypothesized that tomato phytochemicals are transported to the liver and other tissues where they alter gene expression in ways that lead to favorable health outcomes. However, the effects of tomato consumption on mammalian liver gene expression and chemical profile are not well defined. METHODS AND RESULTS The study hypothesizes that tomato consumption would alter mouse liver transcriptomes and metabolomes compared to a control diet. C57BL/6J mice (n = 11-12/group) are fed a macronutrient matched diet containing either 10% red tomato, 10% tangerine tomato, or no tomato powder for 6 weeks after weaning. RNA-Seq followed by gene set enrichment analyses indicates that tomato type and consumption, in general, altered expression of phase I and II xenobiotic metabolism genes. Untargeted metabolomics experiments reveal distinct clustering between control and tomato fed animals. Nineteen molecular formulas (representing 75 chemical features) are identified or tentatively identified as steroidal alkaloids and isomers of their phase I and II metabolites; many of which are reported for the first time in mammals. CONCLUSION These data together suggest tomato consumption may impart benefits partly through enhancing detoxification potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Dzakovich
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, 2001 Fyffe Court, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Ave., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mallory L Goggans
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, 2015 Fyffe Court, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jennifer M Thomas-Ahner
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Nancy E Moran
- USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Ave., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Steven K Clinton
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - David M Francis
- Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
| | - Jessica L Cooperstone
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, 2001 Fyffe Court, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, 2015 Fyffe Court, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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Yuan W, Ma J, Liu X, Zi C, Xi Y, Shen X, Li G, Sheng J, Wang X. Steroidal Alkaloids from the Roots of Veratrum mengtzeanum Loes. with Their Anti-Inflammatory Activities. Molecules 2023; 28:7116. [PMID: 37894597 PMCID: PMC10609212 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The phytochemical investigation of Veratrum mengtzeanum Loes. roots resulted in the isolation and characterization of two novel, namely Mengtzeanines A (1), Mengtzeanines B (2), and eight known steroidal alkaloids (3-10). Their structural properties were assessed though extensive spectroscopic techniques. All constituents 1-10 were analyzed for suppression of NO formation in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages. Among them, constituent 6 (Verazine) showed inhibition against LPS-induced NO production (IC50 = 20.41 μM). Additionally, compound 6 could inhibit the secretion of IL1β, IL6, and TNFα, and downregulate the productions of iNOS and COX2 in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages. Further experiments revealed that 6 exhibited a potent anti-inflammatory level in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages via inhibiting NF-κB, and triggering of Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 axis, implying that compound 6 may be a promising candidate for treating inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Yuan
- College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (W.Y.); (C.Z.); (Y.X.); (X.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Pu′er Tea, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (J.M.); (X.L.)
| | - Jinrong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Pu′er Tea, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (J.M.); (X.L.)
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xinlan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pu′er Tea, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (J.M.); (X.L.)
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Chengting Zi
- College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (W.Y.); (C.Z.); (Y.X.); (X.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Pu′er Tea, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (J.M.); (X.L.)
| | - Yongkai Xi
- College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (W.Y.); (C.Z.); (Y.X.); (X.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Pu′er Tea, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (J.M.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaojing Shen
- College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (W.Y.); (C.Z.); (Y.X.); (X.S.)
| | - Guodong Li
- College of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China;
| | - Jun Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Pu′er Tea, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (J.M.); (X.L.)
| | - Xuanjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pu′er Tea, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (J.M.); (X.L.)
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Duan Y, Wu J, Wang F, Zhang K, Guo X, Tang T, Mu S, You J, Guo J. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses provide new insights into the appropriate harvest period in regenerated bulbs of Fritillaria hupehensis. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1132936. [PMID: 36875619 PMCID: PMC9975545 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1132936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The bulb of Fritillaria hupehensis, a traditional cough and expectorant medicine, is usually harvested from June to September according to traditional cultivation experience, without practical scientific guidance. Although steroidal alkaloid metabolites have been identified in F. hupehensis, the dynamic changes in their levels during bulb development and their molecular regulatory mechanisms are poorly understood. METHODS In this study, integrative analyses of the bulbus phenotype, bioactive chemical investigations, and metabolome and transcriptome profiles were performed to systematically explore the variations in steroidal alkaloid metabolite levels and identify the genes modulating their accumulation and the corresponding regulatory mechanisms. RESULTS The results showed that weight, size, and total alkaloid content of the regenerated bulbs reached a maximum at IM03 (post-withering stage, early July), whereas peiminine content reached a maximum at IM02 (withering stage, early June). There were no significant differences between IM02 and IM03, indicating that regenerated bulbs could be harvested appropriately in early June or July. Peiminine, peimine, tortifoline, hupehenine, korseveramine, delafrine, hericenone N-oxide, korseveridine, puqiedinone, pingbeinone, puqienine B, puqienine E, pingbeimine A, jervine, and ussuriedine levels were upregulated in IM02 and IM03, compared with IM01 (vigorous growth stage, early April). The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis indicated that the accumulation of steroidal alkaloid metabolites mainly occurred prior to IM02. HMGR1, DXR, CAS1, CYP 90A1, and DET2 may play a positive role in peiminine, peimine, hupehenine, korseveramine, korseveridine, hericenone N-oxide, puqiedinone, delafrine, tortifoline, pingbeinone, puqienine B, puqienine E, pingbeimine A, jervine, and ussuriedine biosynthesis, whereas the downregulation of FPS1, SQE and 17-DHCR may lead to a reduction in peimisine levels. Weighted gene correlation network analysis showed that CYP 74A2-1, CYP 74A2-2, CYP 71A26-1, CYP 71A26-2, and CYP74A were negatively correlated with peiminine and pingbeimine A, whereas CYP R and CYP707A1 were positively correlated. . CYP 74A2-1 and CYP 74A2-2 may play a negative role in peimine and korseveridine biosynthesis, whereas CYP R plays a positive role. In addition, the highly expressed C2H2, HSF, AP2/ERF, HB, GRAS, C3H, NAC, MYB-related transcription factors (TFs), GARP-G2-like TFs, and WRKY may play positive roles in the accumulation of peiminine, peimine, korseveridine, and pingbeimine A. DISCUSSION These results provide new insights into scientific harvesting of F. hupehensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Duan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Under-forest Economy, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) Production for Chinese Herbal Medicines, Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi, China
| | - Jiaqi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi, China
| | - Fanfan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) Production for Chinese Herbal Medicines, Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi, China
| | - Kaiqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi, China
| | - Xiaoliang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi, China
| | - Tao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) Production for Chinese Herbal Medicines, Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi, China
| | - Sen Mu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi, China
| | - Jingmao You
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) Production for Chinese Herbal Medicines, Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi, China
| | - Jie Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Under-forest Economy, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Goel N, Gupta VK, Garg A, Bhoumik A, Biswas R, Natarajan R, Majumder HK, Jaisankar P. Holanamine, a Steroidal Alkaloid from the Bark of Holarrhena pubescens Wall. ex G. Don Inhibits the Growth of Leishmania donovani by Targeting DNA Topoisomerase 1B. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:162-177. [PMID: 36417798 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a group of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) caused by about 20 species of obligate intracellular protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania, which occurs in cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral forms. Many researchers have sought to utilize natural products for novel and effective treatments to combat many infectious diseases, including leishmaniasis. Holarrhena pubescens Wall. ex G. Don (Apocynaceae) bark is a rich source of bioactive steroidal alkaloids. The total alkaloidal extract (IC50 6.12 ± 0.117 μg/mL), and the isolated alkaloid, holanamine, showed significant antileishmanial activity (IC50 2.66 ± 0.112 μM against AG83 and 3.80 ± 0.126 μM against BHU-575) against the Leishmania donovani parasite, better than miltefosine (IC50 19.61 ± 0.093 μM against AG83 and 23.20 ± 0.094 μM against BHU-575). Holanamine inhibited the L. donovani topoisomerase 1B (LdToP1B) in a non-competitive manner (IC50 2.81 ± 0.105 μM), indicating that it interacts with the free enzyme and enzyme-DNA complex without inhibiting human topoisomerase. Hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions of holanamine with the N-terminal and hinge region of the large subunit of LTop1B is responsible for its potent antileishmanial activity, as shown by docking studies. Treatment with holanamine causes apoptotic-like cell death by generating cellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, disrupting the mitochondrial membrane potential and inducing ultrastructural alterations in the promastigotes. Holanamine effectively clears intracellular amastigotes but minimally affects host macrophages with no significant cytotoxicity in HEK 293 and L929 cell lines. Thus, our studies show that holanamine can further be used to develop effective antileishmanial agents against evolving drug-resistant parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narender Goel
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Chunilal Bhawan, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata700054, India.,Laboratory of Catalysis and Chemical Biology, Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata700032, India
| | - Vivek Kumar Gupta
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Chemical Biology, Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata700032, India
| | - Aakriti Garg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Chunilal Bhawan, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata700054, India
| | - Arpita Bhoumik
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata700032, India
| | - Raju Biswas
- Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata700032, India
| | - Ramalingam Natarajan
- Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata700032, India
| | - Hemanta K Majumder
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Infectious Diseases & Immunology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata700032, India
| | - Parasuraman Jaisankar
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Chemical Biology, Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata700032, India
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Swinnen G, De Meyer M, Pollier J, Molina-Hidalgo FJ, Ceulemans E, Venegas-Molina J, De Milde L, Fernández-Calvo P, Ron M, Pauwels L, Goossens A. The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors MYC1 and MYC2 have a dual role in the regulation of constitutive and stress-inducible specialized metabolism in tomato. New Phytol 2022; 236:911-928. [PMID: 35838067 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce specialized metabolites to protect themselves from biotic enemies. Members of the Solanaceae family accumulate phenylpropanoid-polyamine conjugates (PPCs) in response to attackers while also maintaining a chemical barrier of steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs). Across the plant kingdom, biosynthesis of such defense compounds is promoted by jasmonate signaling in which clade IIIe basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors play a central role. By characterizing hairy root mutants obtained through Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) genome editing, we show that the tomato clade IIIe bHLH transcription factors, MYC1 and MYC2, redundantly control jasmonate-inducible PPC and SGA production, and are also essential for constitutive SGA biosynthesis. Double myc1 myc2 loss-of-function tomato hairy roots displayed suppressed constitutive expression of SGA biosynthesis genes, and severely reduced levels of the main tomato SGAs α-tomatine and dehydrotomatine. In contrast, basal expression of genes involved in PPC biosynthesis was not affected. CRISPR-Cas9(VQR) genome editing of a specific cis-regulatory element, targeted by MYC1/2, in the promoter of a SGA precursor biosynthesis gene led to decreased constitutive expression of this gene, but did not affect its jasmonate inducibility. Our results demonstrate that clade IIIe bHLH transcriptional regulators have evolved under the control of distinct regulatory cues to specifically steer constitutive and stress-inducible specialized metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwen Swinnen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Margaux De Meyer
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jacob Pollier
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Metabolomics Core, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Francisco Javier Molina-Hidalgo
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evi Ceulemans
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jhon Venegas-Molina
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth De Milde
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patricia Fernández-Calvo
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mily Ron
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Laurens Pauwels
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alain Goossens
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
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Seale JT, McDougal OM. Veratrum parviflorum: An Underexplored Source for Bioactive Steroidal Alkaloids. Molecules 2022; 27. [PMID: 36014585 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants of the Veratrum genus have been used throughout history for their emetic properties, rheumatism, and for the treatment of high blood pressure. However, inadvertent consumption of these plants, which resemble wild ramps, induces life-threatening side effects attributable to an abundance of steroidal alkaloids. Several of the steroidal alkaloids from Veratrum spp. have been investigated for their ability to antagonize the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway, a key pathway for embryonic development and cell proliferation. Uncontrolled activation of this pathway is linked to the development of various cancers; most notably, basal cell carcinoma and acute myeloid leukemia. Additional investigation of Veratrum spp. may lead to the identification of novel alkaloids with the potential to serve as chemotherapeutics. V. parviflorum is a relatively uncommon species of Veratrum that resides in the southeastern regions of North America. The phytochemical profile of this plant remains largely unexplored; however, bioactive steroidal alkaloids, including cyclopamine, veratramine, veratridine, and verazine were identified in its extract. The structural elucidation and bioactivity assessment of steroidal alkaloids in lesser abundance within the extract of V. parviflorum may yield potent Hh pathway inhibitors. This review seeks to consolidate the botanical and phytochemical information regarding V. parviflorum.
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Khalid A, Abdalla M, Saeed M, Ghayur MN, Kalauni SK, Albratty M, Alhazmi HA, Mesaik MA, Gilani AH, Ul-Haq Z. Sarcorucinine-D Inhibits Cholinesterases and Calcium Channels: Molecular Dynamics Simulation and In Vitro Mechanistic Investigations. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113361. [PMID: 35684298 PMCID: PMC9182202 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors and calcium channel blockers are considered effective therapies for Alzheimer’s disease. AChE plays an essential role in the nervous system by catalyzing the hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. In this study, the inhibition of the enzyme AChE by Sarcorucinine-D, a pregnane type steroidal alkaloid, was investigated with experimental enzyme kinetics and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation techniques. Kinetics studies showed that Sarcorucinine-D inhibits two cholinesterases—AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE)—noncompetitively, with Ki values of 103.3 and 4.66 µM, respectively. In silico ligand-protein docking and MD simulation studies conducted on AChE predicted that Sarcorucinine-D interacted via hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds with the residues of the active-site gorge of AChE. Sarcorucinine-D was able to relax contractility concentration-dependently in the intestinal smooth muscles of jejunum obtained from rabbits. Not only was the spontaneous spasmogenicity inhibited, but it also suppressed K+-mediated spasmogenicity, indicating an effect via the inhibition of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels. Sarcorucinine-D could be considered a potential lead molecule based on its properties as a noncompetitive AChE inhibitor and a Ca2+ channel blocker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asaad Khalid
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants and Traditional Medicine Research Institute, National Center for Research, P.O. Box 2424, Khartoum 11111, Sudan
- Correspondence:
| | - Mohnad Abdalla
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Cultural West Road, Jinan 250012, China;
| | - Maria Saeed
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine & Drug Research, University of Karachi, Karachi 75530, Pakistan; (M.S.); (Z.U.-H.)
| | - Muhammad Nabeel Ghayur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pikeville, Pikeville, KY 41501, USA;
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan;
| | - Surya Kant Kalauni
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur 44618, Nepal;
| | - Mohammed Albratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hassan A. Alhazmi
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed Ahmed Mesaik
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Anwarul Hassan Gilani
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan;
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
| | - Zaheer Ul-Haq
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine & Drug Research, University of Karachi, Karachi 75530, Pakistan; (M.S.); (Z.U.-H.)
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Lu Q, Wang S, Yin Z, Chen Q, He X, Wang Q, Hu Q, Gu Y, Tang H, Xie H. Identification of Veratrum Species in Pimacao Based on ITS2 Sequences and Steroidal Alkaloids by a Pseudo-Targeted Metabolomics Method. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:831562. [PMID: 35481147 PMCID: PMC9037537 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.831562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pimacao is a traditional Chinese folk medicine and is the main component of the famous Chinese herbal remedy "Yunnan Baiyao" for its significant analgesic activity in the treatment of wounds. Due to increases in consumption, its wild population is now difficult to find, and adulterant from the same genus has occurred. However, this is challenging to distinguish the species of Veratrum in Pimacao using dried roots and rhizomes or medicinal powder. ITS2 sequences and steroidal alkaloids by the non-targeted and pseudo-targeted metabolomics methods were taken advantage of establishing an effective identification method. Based on the ITS2 sequence, metabolite profiling of steroidal alkaloids and morphological characteristics, the classification of two distinct subspecies in V. mengzeanum has been reinforced. In addition, the new subspecies V. mengzeanum subsp. phuwae was collected in China for the first time. The ITS2 sequence could be used in the identification of V. taliense, V. mengtzeanum, V. stenophyllum, and V. nigrum, but is insufficient for intraspecific identification. Simultaneously, 147 variables were labeled by non-targeted analysis accomplished utilizing an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QE-Orbitrap-MS) system consisting of an Orbitrap QE HF-X. Followed by a pseudo-targeted analysis method developed for the Qtrap 6500-plus mass spectrometry system coupled with an ESI source, 29 labeled steroidal alkaloids detected by the MRM mode could distinguish between four species. Notably, 25 labeled steroidal alkaloids could distinguish between three closely related species. These have the potential to be used as markers for identification. Furthermore, there were several variables with statistical differences between two subspecies of V. mengtzeanum and populations of V. taliense, V. mengtzeanum, and V. stenophyllum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinwei Lu
- Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuaiyao Wang
- Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zili Yin
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Dai and Yi Medicines, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Qinsheng Chen
- Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingchao He
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Dai and Yi Medicines, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Baiyao Group Co., Ltd., Kunming, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingyu Hu
- Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Gu
- Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiru Tang
- Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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9
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Wojtkielewicz A, Kiełczewska U, Baj A, Morzycki JW. Synthesis of Demissidine Analogues from Tigogenin via Imine Intermediates. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10879. [PMID: 34639219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A five-step transformation of a spiroketal side chain of tigogenin into an indolizidine system present in solanidane alkaloids such as demissidine and solanidine was elaborated. The key intermediate in the synthesis was spiroimine 3 readily obtained from tigogenin by its RuO4 oxidation to 5,6-dihydrokryptogenin followed by amination with aluminum amide generated in situ from DIBAlH and ammonium chloride. The mild reduction of spiroimine to a 26-hydroxy-dihydropyrrole derivative and subsequent mesylation resulted in the formation of 25-epidemissidinium salt or 23-sulfone depending on reaction conditions.
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10
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Huang Y, Li G, Hong C, Zheng X, Yu H, Zhang Y. Potential of Steroidal Alkaloids in Cancer: Perspective Insight Into Structure-Activity Relationships. Front Oncol 2021; 11:733369. [PMID: 34616681 PMCID: PMC8489381 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.733369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroidal alkaloids contain both steroidal and alkaloid properties in terms of chemical properties and pharmacological activities. Due to outstanding biological activities such as alkaloids and similar pharmacological effects to other steroids, steroidal alkaloids have received special attention in anticancer activity recently. Substituted groups in chemical structure play markedly important roles in biological activities. Therefore, the effective way to obtain lead compounds quickly is structural modification, which is guided by structure-activity relationships (SARs). This review presents the SAR of steroidal alkaloids and anticancer, including pregnane alkaloids, cyclopregnane alkaloids, cholestane alkaloids, C-nor-D-homosteroidal alkaloids, and bis-steroidal pyrazine. A summary of SAR can powerfully help to design and synthesize more lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Gen Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Chong Hong
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xia Zheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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11
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Gupta N, Choudhary SK, Bhagat N, Karthikeyan M, Chaturvedi A. In Silico Prediction, Molecular Docking and Dynamics Studies of Steroidal Alkaloids of Holarrhena pubescens Wall. ex G. Don to Guanylyl Cyclase C: Implications in Designing of Novel Antidiarrheal Therapeutic Strategies. Molecules 2021; 26:4147. [PMID: 34299422 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The binding of heat stable enterotoxin (STa) secreted by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) to the extracellular domain of guanylyl cyclase c (ECDGC-C) causes activation of a signaling cascade, which ultimately results in watery diarrhea. We carried out this study with the objective of finding ligands that would interfere with the binding of STa on ECDGC-C. With this view in mind, we tested the biological activity of a alkaloid rich fraction of Holarrhena pubescens against ETEC under in vitro conditions. Since this fraction showed significant antibacterial activity against ETEC, we decided to test the screen binding affinity of nine compounds of steroidal alkaloid type from Holarrhena pubescens against extracellular domain (ECD) by molecular docking and identified three compounds with significant binding energy. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed for all the three lead compounds to establish the stability of their interaction with the target protein. Pharmacokinetics and toxicity profiling of these leads demonstrated that they possessed good drug-like properties. Furthermore, the ability of these leads to inhibit the binding of STa to ECD was evaluated. This was first done by identifying amino acid residues of ECDGC-C binding to STa by protein-protein docking. The results were matched with our molecular docking results. We report here that holadysenterine, one of the lead compounds that showed a strong affinity for the amino acid residues on ECDGC-C, also binds to STa. This suggests that holadysenterine has the potential to inhibit binding of STa on ECD and can be considered for future study, involving its validation through in vitro assays and animal model studies.
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12
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Cutajar C, Farrugia M, Agius JC, Wismayer PS. Therapeutic Potential of Ecdysteroids and Steroidal Alkaloids on Solid Cancers. Gulf J Oncolog 2021; 1:67-71. [PMID: 35017138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the second most common cause of death globally. Common modalities of treatment include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and lately immunotherapy. Different steroidal agents have also been identified as therapeutics for solid cancers, often as part of chemotherapy regimens. This review will specifically focus on steroidal alkaloids and ecdysteroids, which are different types of steroids originating from plants and arthropods respectively. These have been proven to show anti-cancer effects through several methods, including inhibition of proliferation and increasing apoptosis in cancer cells. Synthetic steroids are also used as chemotherapy adjuvants. By increasing our knowledge and understanding of these compounds, further studies can be carried out which may lead to clinical trials. This may enable a potential alternative to current therapies used as cancer treatment today, and may help improve the standard of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catriona Cutajar
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, MSD2080, Malta
| | - Mariah Farrugia
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, MSD2080, Malta
| | - Jean-Calleja Agius
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, MSD2080, Malta
| | - Pierre Schembri Wismayer
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, MSD2080, Malta
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13
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Meng-Zhen Z, Li-Juan G, Shi-Fang XU, Wen-Kang H, Xiao-Yu LI, Yi-Ping YE. [Advances in studies on steroidal alkaloids and their pharmacological activities in genus Veratrum]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2020; 45:5129-5142. [PMID: 33350228 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20200612.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Genus Veratrum plants contain a diversity of steroidal alkaloids, so far at least 184 steroidal alkaloids attributed to cevanine type(A-1~A-69), veratramine type(B-1~B-21), jervanine type(C-1~C-31), solanidine type(D-1~D-10) and verazine type(E-1~E-53), respectively, have been isolated and identified in the genus Veratrum. Their pharmacological activities mainly focused on decreasing blood pressure, anti-platelet aggregation and anti-thrombosis, anti-inflammatory and analgesic, and antitumor effect. This paper classified and summarized the 184 kind of steroidal alkaloids from the Veratrum plants and their major pharmalogical activities in order to provide the scientific basis for the further development and utilization of active alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Meng-Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Materia Medica,Hangzhou Medical College Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Gao Li-Juan
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Materia Medica,Hangzhou Medical College Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - X U Shi-Fang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Materia Medica,Hangzhou Medical College Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Huang Wen-Kang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Materia Medica,Hangzhou Medical College Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - L I Xiao-Yu
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Materia Medica,Hangzhou Medical College Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Y E Yi-Ping
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Materia Medica,Hangzhou Medical College Hangzhou 310013, China
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14
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Badmus JA, Ekpo OE, Sharma JR, Sibuyi NRS, Meyer M, Hussein AA, Hiss DC. An Insight into the Mechanism of Holamine- and Funtumine-Induced Cell Death in Cancer Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235716. [PMID: 33287388 PMCID: PMC7730674 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Holamine and funtumine, steroidal alkaloids with strong and diverse pharmacological activities are commonly found in the Apocynaceae family of Holarrhena. The selective anti-proliferative and cell cycle arrest effects of holamine and funtumine on cancer cells have been previously reported. The present study evaluated the anti-proliferative mechanism of action of these two steroidal alkaloids on cancer cell lines (HT-29, MCF-7 and HeLa) by exploring the mitochondrial depolarization effects, reactive oxygen species (ROS) induction, apoptosis, F-actin perturbation, and inhibition of topoisomerase-I. The apoptosis-inducing effects of the compounds were studied by flow cytometry using the APOPercentageTM dye and Caspase-3/7 Glo assay kit. The two compounds showed a significantly greater cytotoxicity in cancer cells compared to non-cancer (normal) fibroblasts. The observed antiproliferative effects of the two alkaloids presumably are facilitated through the stimulation of apoptosis. The apoptotic effect was elicited through the modulation of mitochondrial function, elevated ROS production, and caspase-3/7 activation. Both compounds also induced F-actin disorganization and inhibited topoisomerase-I activity. Although holamine and funtumine appear to have translational potential for the development of novel anticancer agents, further mechanistic and molecular studies are recommended to fully understand their anticancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelili A. Badmus
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, 7535 Bellville, Western Cape, South Africa; (J.A.B.); (O.E.E.)
| | - Okobi E. Ekpo
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, 7535 Bellville, Western Cape, South Africa; (J.A.B.); (O.E.E.)
| | - Jyoti R. Sharma
- DSI/Mintek-Nanotechnology Innovation Centre-BioLabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, 7535 Bellville, Western Cape, South Africa; (J.R.S.); (N.R.S.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Nicole Remaliah S. Sibuyi
- DSI/Mintek-Nanotechnology Innovation Centre-BioLabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, 7535 Bellville, Western Cape, South Africa; (J.R.S.); (N.R.S.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Mervin Meyer
- DSI/Mintek-Nanotechnology Innovation Centre-BioLabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, 7535 Bellville, Western Cape, South Africa; (J.R.S.); (N.R.S.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Ahmed A. Hussein
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 7535 Bellville, Western Cape, South Africa;
| | - Donavon C. Hiss
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, 7535 Bellville, Western Cape, South Africa; (J.A.B.); (O.E.E.)
- Correspondence:
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15
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Liu FJ, Jiang Y, Li P, Liu YD, Xin GZ, Yao ZP, Li HJ. Diagnostic fragmentation-assisted mass spectral networking coupled with in silico dereplication for deep annotation of steroidal alkaloids in medicinal Fritillariae Bulbus. J Mass Spectrom 2020; 55:e4528. [PMID: 32559823 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fully understanding the chemicals in an herbal medicine remains a challenging task. Molecular networking (MN) allows to organize tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data in complex samples by mass spectral similarity, which yet suffers from low coverage and accuracy of compound annotation due to the size limitation of available databases and differentiation obstacle of similar chemical scaffolds. In this work, an enhanced MN-based strategy named diagnostic fragmentation-assisted molecular networking coupled with in silico dereplication (DFMN-ISD) was introduced to overcome these obstacles: the rule-based fragmentation patterns provide insights into similar chemical scaffolds, the generated in silico candidates based on metabolic reactions expand the available natural product databases, and the in silico annotation method facilitates the further dereplication of candidates by computing their fragmentation trees. As a case, this approach was applied to globally profile the steroidal alkaloids in Fritillariae bulbus, a commonly used antitussive and expectorant herbal medicine. Consequently, a total of 325 steroidal alkaloids were discovered, including 106 cis-D/E-cevanines, 142 trans-D/E-cevanines, 29 jervines, 23 veratramines, and 25 verazines. And 10 of them were confirmed by available reference standards. Approximately 70% of the putative steroidal alkaloids have never been reported in previous publications, demonstrating the benefit of DFMN-ISD approach for the comprehensive characterization of chemicals in a complex plant organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yang-Dan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Gui-Zhong Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhong-Ping Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Food Safety and Technology Research Centre and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation) and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control, Shenzhen Research Institute of Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
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16
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Ali A, Jan NU, Ali S, Ahmad B, Ali A, Samrana S, Jahan A, Ali H, Khan IA, Rahim H, Ali I, Kifayatullah M, Amin F. Steroidal alkaloids efficient aromatase inhibitors with potential for the treatment of postmenopausal breast cancer. Chem Biol Drug Des 2019; 95:233-239. [PMID: 31584741 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant-derived natural products are of great interest due to their diversity in modern drug discovery. Sarcococca saligna has been used for the treatment of different diseases. The present study was aimed at isolating phytochemical constituents including Alkaloid-C (a), Dictyophlebine (b), Sarcovagine-D (c) and Saracodine (d) Holaphylline (e) from Sarcococca saligna to investigate the anticancer effect of these compounds. These compounds were evaluated for inhibition of aromatase enzyme of breast cancer in assistance by molecular docking simulations to understand molecular interaction between the enzyme and ligands. The IC50 values of compound 1 and 5 were found 138.27 ± 0.01 µl and 12.91 ± 0.01 µl, respectively, and both were found active due to their bulky structures in comparison to the active site of aromatase enzyme. The standard drug exemestane showed potent activity in comparison with the test compounds, having IC50 values of 0.052 ± 0.01 µl. Both compounds showed favorable electrostatic interactions with the active site of aromatase enzyme but the shape and steric bulk of the compounds was the limiting factor in their inhibitory effects. New lead compounds could be generated after extensive modifications guided by computational and experimental tools as a possible anticancer agents by targeting aromatase enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Ullah Jan
- Department of Pharmacy, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Safdar Ali
- Department of Physics, University of Swabi, Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Bashir Ahmad
- Centre of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Abid Ali
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Department of Vegetable Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Samrana Samrana
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Azra Jahan
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Hamid Ali
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Ali Khan
- Department of Physics, University of Swabi, Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Haroon Rahim
- Department of Pharmacy, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ijaz Ali
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kifayatullah
- Department of Pharmacy, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Fazli Amin
- Department of Pharmacy, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
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17
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Dey P, Kundu A, Chakraborty HJ, Kar B, Choi WS, Lee BM, Bhakta T, Atanasov AG, Kim HS. Therapeutic value of steroidal alkaloids in cancer: Current trends and future perspectives. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:1731-1744. [PMID: 30387881 PMCID: PMC6767045 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Discovery and development of new potentially selective anticancer agents are necessary to prevent a global cancer health crisis. Currently, alternative medicinal agents derived from plants have been extensively investigated to develop anticancer drugs with fewer adverse effects. Among them, steroidal alkaloids are conventional secondary metabolites that comprise an important class of natural products found in plants, marine organisms and invertebrates, and constitute a judicious choice as potential anti-cancer leads. Traditional medicine and modern science have shown that representatives from this compound group possess potential antimicrobial, analgesic, anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, systematic and recapitulated information about the bioactivity of these compounds, with special emphasis on the molecular or cellular mechanisms, is of high interest. In this review, we methodically discuss the in vitro and in vivo potential of the anticancer activity of natural steroidal alkaloids and their synthetic and semi-synthetic derivatives. This review focuses on cumulative and comprehensive molecular mechanisms, which will help researchers understand the molecular pathways involving steroid alkaloids to generate a selective and safe new lead compound with improved therapeutic applications for cancer prevention and therapy. In vitro and in vivo studies provide evidence about the promising therapeutic potential of steroidal alkaloids in various cancer cell lines, but advanced pharmacokinetic and clinical experiments are required to develop more selective and safe drugs for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanta Dey
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Amit Kundu
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Babli Kar
- Bengal Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Asansol, India
| | - Wahn Soo Choi
- School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Mu Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tejendra Bhakta
- Regional Institute of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tripura, India
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland.,Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
A new steroidal alkaloid, 4-dehydroxyepisarcovagine A (1), along with seven known alkaloids, sarcovagine D (2), sarcovagenine C (3), epoxysarcovagenine D (4), Pachysamine L (5), Pachysamine E (6), sarcovagine A (7) and sarcovagine B (8), was isolated from the roots and stems of Sarcococca pruniformis Lindl. The structure of compound 1 was elucidated by means of spectroscopic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-C Wu
- a College of Pharmacy , Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Guiyang , China
| | - S-J Huo
- a College of Pharmacy , Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Guiyang , China
| | - J Du
- a College of Pharmacy , Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Guiyang , China
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19
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Zhang YM, Liu BL, Zheng XH, Huang XJ, Li HY, Zhang Y, Zhang TT, Sun DY, Lin BR, Zhou GX. Anandins A and B, Two Rare Steroidal Alkaloids from a Marine Streptomyces anandii H41-59. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:E355. [PMID: 29125577 DOI: 10.3390/md15110355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Anandins A (1) and B (2), two rare steroidal alkaloids, were isolated from the fermentative broth of a marine actinobacteria Streptomyces anandii H41-59. The gross structures of the two alkaloids were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including HR-ESI-MS, and NMR. Their absolute configurations were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and comparison of their experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism spectra, respectively. Anandin A exhibited a moderate inhibitory effect against three human cancer cell lines MCF-7, SF-268, and NCI-H460 with IC50 values of 7.5, 7.9, 7.8 μg/mL, respectively.
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20
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Jan NU, Ahmad B, Ali S, Adhikari A, Ali A, Jahan A, Ali A, Ali H. Steroidal Alkaloids as an Emerging Therapeutic Alternative for Investigation of Their Immunosuppressive and Hepatoprotective Potential. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:114. [PMID: 28377714 PMCID: PMC5359222 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The compounds, sarcovagine-D, alkaloid-C, and holaphylline isolated from Sarcococca saligna were found to possess immunosuppressive activities. These compounds were characterized for in vitro inhibition on human T-cells proliferation and IL-2 production. The compounds showed significant immunosuppressive effect on IL-2 production as well as on phytohemagglutinin stimulated T-cell proliferation in a dose dependent manner. Of all the tested compounds holaphylline was found to be less toxic and safe. These compounds were then evaluated for their in vivo hepatoprotective potential against CCl4, in which alkaloid-C and holaphylline showed markedly reduced liver inflammation and biochemical parameter (ALT, AST, and ALP) of liver injury. The decrease in the activity of hepatic antioxidant enzyme (SOD) was significantly prevented by holaphylline, likewise gradually the levels of MDA and GSH were also normalized compared to silymarin. The CCl4 induced inflammation and necrosis around the central vein of liver was reduced by sarcovagine-D, alkaloid-C and holaphylline, to 8%, 4% to 1% respectively as assessed by histopathology, thus having better hepatoprotective effect compared to positive control. Steroidal alkaloids attenuated the inflammation of liver around the injured central vein region by down regulating the CCl4 induced activation of hepatic macrophages as well as their number respectively. Therefore, the in vitro and in vivo results suggest that steroidal alkaloids from S. saligna could be excellent immunosuppressive and hepatoprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeem U Jan
- Center of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar Pakistan
| | - Bashir Ahmad
- Center of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar Pakistan
| | - Safdar Ali
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Achyut Adhikari
- Hussain Ebrahim Jamal Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi Pakistan
| | - Amjad Ali
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Azra Jahan
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan Pakistan
| | - Abid Ali
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Department of Vegetable Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou China
| | - Hamid Ali
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, IslamabadPakistan; Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, KarachiPakistan
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Jiang QW, Chen MW, Cheng KJ, Yu PZ, Wei X, Shi Z. Therapeutic Potential of Steroidal Alkaloids in Cancer and Other Diseases. Med Res Rev 2015; 36:119-43. [PMID: 25820039 DOI: 10.1002/med.21346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Steroidal alkaloids are a class of secondary metabolites isolated from plants, amphibians, and marine invertebrates. Evidence accumulated in the recent two decades demonstrates that steroidal alkaloids have a wide range of bioactivities including anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, etc., suggesting their great potential for application. It is therefore necessary to comprehensively summarize the bioactivities, especially anticancer activities and mechanisms of steroidal alkaloids. Here we systematically highlight the anticancer profiles both in vitro and in vivo of steroidal alkaloids such as dendrogenin, solanidine, solasodine, tomatidine, cyclopamine, and their derivatives. Furthermore, other bioactivities of steroidal alkaloids are also discussed. The integrated molecular mechanisms in this review can increase our understanding on the utilization of steroidal alkaloids and contribute to the development of new drug candidates. Although the therapeutic potentials of steroidal alkaloids look promising in the preclinical and clinical studies, further pharmacokinetic and clinical studies are mandated to define their efficacy and safety in cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Wei Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Mei-Wan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, 519000, China
| | - Ke-Jun Cheng
- Chemical Biology Center, Lishui Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pei-Zhong Yu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xing Wei
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi Shi
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
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Rabe S, Moschner J, Bantzi M, Heretsch P, Giannis A. C-H-Functionalization logic guides the synthesis of a carbacyclopamine analog. Beilstein J Org Chem 2014; 10:1564-9. [PMID: 25161712 PMCID: PMC4142839 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.10.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical synthesis of carbacyclopamine analog 2, a cyclopamine analog with an all-carbon E-ring, is reported. The use of C–H-functionalization logic and further metal-catalyzed transformations allows for a concise entry to this new class of acid-stable cyclopamine analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Rabe
- Universität Leipzig, Institut für Organische Chemie, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johann Moschner
- Universität Leipzig, Institut für Organische Chemie, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marina Bantzi
- Universität Leipzig, Institut für Organische Chemie, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Philipp Heretsch
- Rice University, Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, 6100 Main St., Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Athanassios Giannis
- Universität Leipzig, Institut für Organische Chemie, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Moschner J, Chentsova A, Eilert N, Rovardi I, Heretsch P, Giannis A. Cyclopamine analogs bearing exocyclic methylenes are highly potent and acid-stable inhibitors of hedgehog signaling. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:2328-35. [PMID: 24367396 PMCID: PMC3869244 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical synthesis and biological evaluation of new cyclopamine analogs bearing exocyclic methylenes in different positions is described. Bis-exo-cyclopamine 6 was identified as a potent inhibitor of the Gli1-dependent luciferase expression in Shh-LIGHTII cells. An extension of this study to F-ring-modified structures shows the necessity of a rigidly positioned nitrogen atom for bioactivity as well as the presence of the C21 methyl group for acid stability and bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Moschner
- Universität Leipzig, Institut für Organische Chemie, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anna Chentsova
- Universität Leipzig, Institut für Organische Chemie, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nicole Eilert
- Universität Leipzig, Institut für Organische Chemie, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Irene Rovardi
- Universität Leipzig, Institut für Organische Chemie, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Philipp Heretsch
- Rice University, Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, 6500 Main St., Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Athanassios Giannis
- Universität Leipzig, Institut für Organische Chemie, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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