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Karlberg AT. Oxidation products and the skin - the effect of hydroperoxides. Contact Dermatitis 2017; 76:63-66. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Therese Karlberg
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Dermatochemistry; University of Gothenburg; SE-412 96 Gothenburg Sweden
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2
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Xiao L, Miwa N. The Lipophilic Vitamin C Derivative, 6-O-Palmitoylascorbate Protects Human Keratinocytes and 3D-Human Skin Equivalents Against X-Ray-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis More Markedly Than L-Ascorbic Acid. J Cell Biochem 2016; 118:318-329. [PMID: 27350661 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate preventive effects of the lipophilic vitamin C derivative, 6-O-palmitoylascorbate (PlmtVC) against X-ray radiation-induced harmful events. Free radical scavenging activity tests showed that both fresh and old (being kept at 37°C for 72 h) solutions of PlmtVC showed significantly higher abilities for scavenging both DPPH and peroxyl radical (ROO·) radicals than L-ascorbic acid (L-AA) under the same conditions, suggesting that PlmtVC is an antioxidant more efficient and stable than L-AA. Irradiation with X-ray (15 Gy) increased intracellular ROS production, lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation, in human keratinocytes HaCaT, all of which were repressed, especially for intracellular ROS more markedly, by PlmtVC than by L-AA. After X-ray (15 Gy)-irradiation, caspase 3/7 activation and TUNEL-detected DNA-strand-breakages characteristic of apoptosis obviously increased in HaCaT cells or 3D-skin tissue equivalents, respectively, both of which were prevented more appreciably by PlmtVC than by L-AA. PlmtVC also noticeably prevented cumene hydroperoxide-induced generation of cellular ROS in epidermis parts of 3D-skin equivalents. Thus, PlmtVC prevents X-ray-induced diverse harmful effects, through its antioxidant activity and the palmitoyl moiety-based lipophilicity, more efficiently than L-AA. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 318-329, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Nippon Dental University, 1-9-20 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8159, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Miwa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Radiological Technology, Butsuryo College of Osaka, Otorikitamachi 3-33, Nishi-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 593-8328, Japan
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Bennike NH, Lepoittevin JP, Johansen JD. Can contact allergy to p-phenylenediamine explain the high rates of terpene hydroperoxide allergy? - An epidemiological study based on consecutive patch test results. Contact Dermatitis 2016; 76:67-73. [PMID: 27251025 DOI: 10.1111/cod.12618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contact allergy to linalool hydroperoxides (Lin-OOHs) and limonene hydroperoxides (Lim-OOHs) is common. Similarly to what occurs with the terpene hydroperoxides, reactive intermediates formed from p-phenylenediamine (PPD) can cause oxidative modifications of tryptophan residues on proteins in mechanistic studies. OBJECTIVES To test the hypothesis that patients sensitized to PPD are at increased risk of concomitant reactivity to either of the terpene hydroperoxides, owing to a 'common pathway' of skin protein oxidation. METHODS A database study of consecutively patch tested eczema patients (n = 3843) from 2012 to 2015, tested concomitantly with PPD, Lim-OOHs and Lin-OOHs, was performed. Associations were examined by level of concordance and odds ratios (ORs) adjusted for age, sex, and contact allergy to fragrance mix I and fragrance mix II. RESULTS Concomitant reactions to PPD were seen in 2.2% of Lim-OOH-positive patients and in 4.9% of Lin-OOH-positive patients. Neither proportion was higher than expected by chance. No association existed between PPD and Lim-OOH patch test reactivity. In a multiple logistic regression analysis, PPD allergy was associated with an insignificantly increased risk (OR 2.11, 95%CI:0.92-4.80) of a positive patch test reaction to Lin-OOHs. CONCLUSIONS PPD sensitization cannot explain the high rates of sensitization to Lin-OOHs and/or Lim-OOHs. Contact allergy to oxidized linalool is more strongly associated with fragrance allergy than with PPD allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Højsager Bennike
- Department of Dermato-Allergology, National Allergy Research Centre, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Jean-Pierre Lepoittevin
- Dermatochemistry Laboratory, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, University of Strasbourg, 67081 Strasbourg cedex, France
| | - Jeanne D Johansen
- Department of Dermato-Allergology, National Allergy Research Centre, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
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Leocata S, Frank S, Wang Y, Calandra MJ, Chaintreau A. Quantification of hydroperoxides by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection and predicted response factors. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Leocata
- Firmenich SA; Corporate R&D Division; Route des Jeunes 1 CH-1211 Geneva 8
| | - Sandy Frank
- Firmenich SA; Corporate R&D Division; Route des Jeunes 1 CH-1211 Geneva 8
| | - Ying Wang
- Firmenich, Inc.; 250 Plainsboro Road Plainsboro NJ 08536 USA
| | | | - Alain Chaintreau
- Firmenich SA; Corporate R&D Division; Route des Jeunes 1 CH-1211 Geneva 8
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Karlberg AT, Börje A, Lepoittevin JP, Giménez-Arnau E, Bråred Christensson J, Hagvall L. Letter to the Editor Regarding the Article by Natsch et al., 2015. Chem Res Toxicol 2015; 28:2079-81. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Therese Karlberg
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Dermatochemistry
and Skin Allergy, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Börje
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Dermatochemistry
and Skin Allergy, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jean-Pierre Lepoittevin
- Laboratoire de Dermatochimie, ILB 4, rue Blaise Pascal - CS 90032, F-67081 Strasbourg cedex, France
| | - Elena Giménez-Arnau
- Laboratoire de Dermatochimie, ILB 4, rue Blaise Pascal - CS 90032, F-67081 Strasbourg cedex, France
| | - Johanna Bråred Christensson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Dermatochemistry
and Skin Allergy, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Dermatology, Sahlgrenska
Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 03 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lina Hagvall
- Department of Dermatology, Sahlgrenska
Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 03 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Calandra MJ, Impellizzeri J, Wang Y. An HPLC method for hydroperoxides derived from limonene and linalool in citrus oils, using post-column luminol-mediated chemiluminescence detection. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ying Wang
- Firmenich, Inc.; 250 Plainsboro Road Plainsboro NJ 08536 USA
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Delaine T, Ponting DJ, Niklasson IB, Emter R, Hagvall L, Norrby PO, Natsch A, Luthman K, Karlberg AT. Epoxyalcohols: bioactivation and conjugation required for skin sensitization. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 27:1860-70. [PMID: 25195701 DOI: 10.1021/tx500297d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Allylic alcohols, such as geraniol 1, are easily oxidized by varying mechanisms, including the formation of both 2,3-epoxides and/or aldehydes. These epoxides, aldehydes, and epoxy-aldehydes can be interconverted to each other, and the reactivity of them all must be considered when considering the sensitization potential of the parent allylic alcohol. An in-depth study of the possible metabolites and autoxidation products of allylic alcohols is described, covering the formation, interconversion, reactivity, and sensitizing potential thereof, using a combination of in vivo, in vitro, in chemico, and in silico methods. This multimodal study, using the integration of diverse techniques to investigate the sensitization potential of a molecule, allows the identification of potential candidate(s) for the true culprit(s) in allergic responses to allylic alcohols. Overall, the sensitization potential of the investigated epoxyalcohols and unsaturated alcohols was found to derive from metabolic oxidation to the more potent aldehyde where possible. Where this is less likely, the compound remains weakly or nonsensitizing. Metabolic activation of a double bond to form a nonconjugated, nonterminal epoxide moiety is not enough to turn a nonsensitizing alcohol into a sensitizer, as such epoxides have low reactivity and low sensitizing potency. In addition, even an allylic 2,3-epoxide moiety is not necessarily a potent sensitizer, as shown for 2, where formation of the epoxide weakens the sensitization potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Delaine
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Dermatochemistry and Skin Allergy, University of Gothenburg , SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Turek
- Dept. of Research and Development; WALA Heilmittel GmbH; Dorfstrasse 1; D-73087; Bad Boll/Eckwälden; Germany
| | - Florian C. Stintzing
- Dept. of Research and Development; WALA Heilmittel GmbH; Dorfstrasse 1; D-73087; Bad Boll/Eckwälden; Germany
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Elbayed K, Berl V, Debeuckelaere C, Moussallieh FM, Piotto M, Namer IJ, Lepoittevin JP. HR-MAS NMR Spectroscopy of Reconstructed Human Epidermis: Potential for the in Situ Investigation of the Chemical Interactions between Skin Allergens and Nucleophilic Amino Acids. Chem Res Toxicol 2013; 26:136-45. [DOI: 10.1021/tx300428u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karim Elbayed
- Institute of Chemistry, CNRS UMR 7177 and University of Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Valérie Berl
- Institute of Chemistry, CNRS UMR 7177 and University of Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Camille Debeuckelaere
- Institute of Chemistry, CNRS UMR 7177 and University of Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - François-Marie Moussallieh
- Institute of Chemistry, CNRS UMR 7177 and University of Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg, France
- Department of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine, Strasbourg University Hospital, 67098 Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Izzie-Jacques Namer
- Department of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine, Strasbourg University Hospital, 67098 Strasbourg, France
- Institute of Biological Physics, Faculty of Medicine, LINC/CNRS UMR 7237 and University of Strasbourg, 67085 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Lepoittevin
- Institute of Chemistry, CNRS UMR 7177 and University of Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg, France
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Hagvall L, Bäcktorp C, Norrby PO, Karlberg AT, Börje A. Experimental and Theoretical Investigations of the Autoxidation of Geranial: A Dioxolane Hydroperoxide Identified as a Skin Sensitizer. Chem Res Toxicol 2011; 24:1507-15. [DOI: 10.1021/tx200120q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Hagvall
- Dermatochemistry and Skin Allergy, Department of Chemistry, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Dermatology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carina Bäcktorp
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per-Ola Norrby
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ann-Therese Karlberg
- Dermatochemistry and Skin Allergy, Department of Chemistry, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Börje
- Dermatochemistry and Skin Allergy, Department of Chemistry, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Kao D, Chaintreau A, Lepoittevin JP, Giménez-Arnau E. Synthesis of allylic hydroperoxides and EPR spin-trapping studies on the formation of radicals in iron systems as potential initiators of the sensitizing pathway. J Org Chem 2011; 76:6188-200. [PMID: 21648947 DOI: 10.1021/jo200948x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Many terpenes used as fragrance compounds autoxidize when exposed to air, forming allylic hydroperoxides that have the potential to be skin contact allergens. To trigger the immunotoxicity process that characterizes contact allergy, these hydroperoxides are supposed to bind covalently to proteins in the skin via radical pathways. We investigated the formation of reactive radical intermediates from 7-hydroperoxy-3,7-dimethylocta-1,5-dien-3-ol and 2-hydroperoxylimonene, responsible for the sensitizing potential acquired by autoxidized linalool and limonene. Both compounds were synthesized through new short and reproducible synthetic pathways. The hydroperoxide decomposition catalyzed by Fe(II)/Fe(III) redox systems, playing a key role in degradating peroxides in vivo, was examined by spin-trapping-EPR spectroscopy. Alkoxyl and carbon-centered free radicals derived from the hydroperoxides were successfully trapped by the spin-trap 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide, whereas peroxyl radicals were characterized by spin-trapping studies with 5-diethoxyphosphoryl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide. Using liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry, we demonstrated the formation of adducts, via radical mechanisms induced by Fe(II)/Fe(III), between the hydroperoxides and N-acetylhistidine methyl ester, a model amino acid that is prone to radical reactions. Free radicals derived from these hydroperoxides can thus induce amino acid chemical modifications via radical mechanisms. The study of these mechanisms will help to understand the sensitizing potential of hydroperoxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dany Kao
- Laboratoire de Dermatochimie, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg (UMR 7177), Université de Strasbourg, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg, France
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12
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Niklasson IB, Delaine T, Luthman K, Karlberg AT. Impact of a Heteroatom in a Structure−Activity Relationship Study on Analogues of Phenyl Glycidyl Ether (PGE) from Epoxy Resin Systems. Chem Res Toxicol 2011; 24:542-8. [DOI: 10.1021/tx100417r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ida B. Niklasson
- Department of Chemistry, Dermatochemistry and Skin Allergy, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tamara Delaine
- Department of Chemistry, Dermatochemistry and Skin Allergy, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kristina Luthman
- Department of Chemistry, Medicinal Chemistry, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ann-Therese Karlberg
- Department of Chemistry, Dermatochemistry and Skin Allergy, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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13
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Johansson SGH, Emilsson K, Grøtli M, Börje A. Structural influence on radical formation and sensitizing capacity of alkylic limonene hydroperoxide analogues in allergic contact dermatitis. Chem Res Toxicol 2010; 23:677-88. [PMID: 20163165 DOI: 10.1021/tx900433n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hydroperoxides are known to be strong contact allergens and a common cause of contact allergy. They are easily formed by the autoxidation of, for example, fragrance terpenes, compounds that are common in perfumes, cosmetics, and household products. A requirement of the immunological mechanisms of contact allergy is the formation of an immunogenic hapten-protein complex. For hydroperoxides, a radical mechanism is postulated for this formation. In our previous investigations of allylic limonene hydroperoxides, we found that the formation of carbon- and oxygen-centered radicals, as well as the sensitizing capacity, is influenced by the structure of the hydroperoxides. The aim of the present work was to further investigate the connection between structure, radical formation, and sensitizing capacity by studying alkylic analogues of the previously investigated allylic limonene hydroperoxides. The radical formation was studied in radical-trapping experiments employing 5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-21H,23H-porphine iron(III) chloride as an initiator and 1,1,3,3-tetramethylisoindolin-2-yloxyl as a radical trapper. We found that the investigated hydroperoxides initially form carbon- and oxygen-centered radicals that subsequently form alcohols and ketones. Trapped carbon-centered radicals and nonradical products were isolated and identified. Small changes in structure, like the omission of the endocyclic double bond or the addition of a methyl group, resulted in large differences in radical formation. The results indicate that alkoxyl radicals seem to be more important than carbon-centered radicals in the immunogenic complex formation. The sensitizing capacities were studied in the murine local lymph node assay (LLNA), and all hydroperoxides tested were found to be potent sensitizers. For two of the hydroperoxides investigated, the recently suggested thiol-ene reaction is a possible mechanism for the formation of immunogenic complexes. For the third investigated, fully saturated, hydroperoxide, the thiol-ene mechanism is not possible for immunogenic complex formation. This strongly indicates that several radical reaction pathways for immunogenic complex formation of limonene hydroperoxides are active in parallel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Staffan G H Johansson
- Dermatochemistry and Skin Allergy and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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