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Yin J, Martinez Rodriguez D, Chamorro MF, Dillard L, Cattley R. Naturally occurring
Senna
spp. toxicity in an Angus crossbred calf. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji‐Hang Yin
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine Auburn University Auburn Alabama USA
| | - David Martinez Rodriguez
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Auburn University Auburn Alabama USA
| | - Manuel F. Chamorro
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Auburn University Auburn Alabama USA
| | - Leanne Dillard
- Department of Animal Sciences Auburn University Auburn Alabama USA
| | - Russell Cattley
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine Auburn University Auburn Alabama USA
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Kang SH, Lee WH, Sim JS, Thaku N, Chang S, Hong JP, Oh TJ. De novo Transcriptome Assembly of Senna occidentalis Sheds Light on the Anthraquinone Biosynthesis Pathway. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:773553. [PMID: 35046973 PMCID: PMC8761625 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.773553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Senna occidentalis is an annual leguminous herb that is rich in anthraquinones, which have various pharmacological activities. However, little is known about the genetics of S. occidentalis, particularly its anthraquinone biosynthesis pathway. To broaden our understanding of the key genes and regulatory mechanisms involved in the anthraquinone biosynthesis pathway, we used short RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and long-read isoform sequencing (Iso-Seq) to perform a spatial and temporal transcriptomic analysis of S. occidentalis. This generated 121,592 RNA-Seq unigenes and 38,440 Iso-Seq unigenes. Comprehensive functional annotation and classification of these datasets using public databases identified unigene sequences related to major secondary metabolite biosynthesis pathways and critical transcription factor families (bHLH, WRKY, MYB, and bZIP). A tissue-specific differential expression analysis of S. occidentalis and measurement of the amount of anthraquinones revealed that anthraquinone accumulation was related to the gene expression levels in the different tissues. In addition, the amounts and types of anthraquinones produced differ between S. occidentalis and S. tora. In conclusion, these results provide a broader understanding of the anthraquinone metabolic pathway in S. occidentalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Ho Kang
- Genomics Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Woo-Haeng Lee
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, SunMoon University, Asan, South Korea
| | - Joon-Soo Sim
- Metabolic Engineering Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Niha Thaku
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, SunMoon University, Asan, South Korea
| | - Saemin Chang
- Genomics Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Jong-Pil Hong
- Genomics Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Oh
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, SunMoon University, Asan, South Korea
- Genome-Based BioIT Convergence Institute, Asan, South Korea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Biotechnology, SunMoon University, Asan, South Korea
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Gotardo AT, Haraguchi M, Raspantini PCF, Dagli MLZ, Górniak SL. Toxicity of Senna occidentalis seeds in laying hens and its effects on egg production. Avian Pathol 2017; 46:332-337. [DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2016.1278199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- André T. Gotardo
- Research Center of Veterinary Toxicology (CEPTOX), Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Mitsue Haraguchi
- Centre of Animal Sanitary, Biological Institute of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo C. F. Raspantini
- Research Center of Veterinary Toxicology (CEPTOX), Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Maria L. Z. Dagli
- Research Center of Veterinary Toxicology (CEPTOX), Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Silvana L. Górniak
- Research Center of Veterinary Toxicology (CEPTOX), Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
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Tona L, Mesia K, Ngimbi NP, Chrimwami B, Okond'ahoka, Cimanga K, Bruyne TD, Apers S, Hermans N, Totte J, Pieters L, Vlietinck AJ. In-vivo antimalarial activity ofCassia occidentalism Morinda morindoidesandPhyllanthus niruri. ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00034983.2001.11813614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Lopes DIS, Sousa MG, Ramos AT, Maruo VM. Cardiotoxicity of Senna occidentalis in sheep (Ovis aries). Open Vet J 2016; 6:30-5. [PMID: 26894038 PMCID: PMC4756171 DOI: 10.4314/ovj.v6i1.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiotoxicity of Coffee senna (Senna occidentalis) was investigated in sheep that were fed diets containing its seeds, which are recognized as the most poisonous part of such weed. Dianthrone, the main toxic component of S. occidentalis, is known to impair mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, leading to myofiber degeneration. In this study, fifteen ewes were fed 0%, 2% or 4% of seeds of S. occidentalis for 63 days. Non-specific markers of myocyte injury and electrocardiograms were undertaken at baseline, and at 14, 35, and 63 days after the animals were first fed the diets, while histopathology of heart samples was performed at the very end of the study. Our results showed an increase in serum AST and LDH over time, while CK-MB did not change significantly. Changes that could be ascribed to myocardial damage were not documented in the electrocardiograms. Cardiac histopathology demonstrated only mild-to-moderate vacuolar degeneration, myofiber edema and disarray, structural disorganization, and cellular necrosis. In conclusion, S. occidentalis caused myocardial fiber degeneration in a dose-dependent fashion, but the electrocardiogram was not able to identify these lesions non-invasively. Because the markers of myofiber injury used in this study lack specificity, they may not be used to support cardiac impairment objectively, despite some of them did change over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- D I S Lopes
- Federal University of Tocantins (UFT), College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Araguaina, TO, Brazil
| | - M G Sousa
- Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - A T Ramos
- Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), College of Veterinary Medicine, Curitibanos, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - V M Maruo
- Federal University of Tocantins (UFT), College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Araguaina, TO, Brazil
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Teles AVFF, Fock RA, Górniak SL. Effects of long-term administration of Senna occidentalis seeds on the hematopoietic tissue of rats. Toxicon 2015; 108:73-9. [PMID: 26435339 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Senna occidentalis (S. occidentalis) is a toxic leguminous plant that contaminates crops and has been shown to be toxic to several animal species. All parts of the plant are toxic, but most of the plant's toxicity is due to its seeds. Despite its toxicity, S. occidentalis is widely used for therapeutic purposes in humans. The aim of the present work was to investigate, for the first time, the effects of the chronic administration of S. occidentalis seeds on hematopoietic organs, including the bone marrow and spleen. Fifty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups of 10 animals. Rats were treated with diets containing 0% (control), 0.5% (So0.5), 1% (So1), or 2% (So2) S. occidentalis seeds for a period of 90 days. Food and water were provided ad libitum, except to pair-fed (PF) group which received the same amount of ration to those of So2 group, however free of S. occidentalis seeds. It was verified that rats treated with 2% S. occidentalis seeds presented changes in hematological parameters. The blood evaluation also showed a significant decrease of the Myeloid/Erythroid (M/E) ratio. Chronic treatment with S. occidentalis promoted a reduction in the cellularity of both the bone marrow and spleen. Additionally, we observed changes in bone marrow smears, iron stores and spleen hemosiderin accumulation. Histological analyses of bone marrow revealed erythroid hyperplasia which was consistent with the increased reticulocyte count. These findings suggest that the long-term administration of S. occidentalis seeds can promote blood toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V F F Teles
- Departament of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R A Fock
- Departament of Clinical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S L Górniak
- Departament of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
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Carmo PM, Irigoyen LF, Lucena RB, Fighera RA, Kommers GD, Barros CS. Spontaneous coffee senna poisoning in cattle: report on 16 outbreaks. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2011000200008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sixteen outbreaks of Senna occidentalis (coffee senna) that occurred in cattle in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, were reviewed. The great majority (75%) of the outbreaks occurred in adult cattle at pasture during the autumn and winter months with 50% in May, evidencing a striking seasonality. Mortality rates varied from 4.2% to 55.2% and cattle died 2 days up to 2 weeks after showing clinical signs that included dry feces (occasionally diarrhea), muscle weakness, reluctance to move, tachypnea, instability of the hind limbs with dragging of the toes, tremors in muscles of the thighs, neck, and head, ear dropping, sternal recumbency, lateral recumbency and death. Myoglobinuria characterized by a dark red or black discolored urine was a consistent finding in cattle affected at pasture but not in those poisoned by ration contaminated with coffee senna beans. Creatine phosphokinase serum activity was marked ly elevated. Main gross changes observed in 23 necropsies involved skeletal muscles of the hind limbs. These changes consisted of varying degrees of paleness of muscle groups. Subepicardial and subendocardial hemorrhages were present in the hearts of all affected cattle. Histologically a segmental degenerative myopathy of striated muscles was present in every case and had a multifocal polyphasic or monophasic character. Myocardial (3/23), hepatic (3/13), renal (3/10), and splenic (1/6) microscopic lesions were observed occasionally. Myocardial lesions were mild and consisted of vacuolation of cardiomyocytes or focal fibrosis. Hepatic changes consisted of diffuse hepatocelular vacuolation, cytosegrosomes within hepatocytes, and individual hepatocellular necrosis. Kidneys had vacuolar degeneration of tubular epithelium associated with acidophilic casts (proteinosis) within tubular lumina. In the spleen there was marked necrosis of lymphocytes of the white pulp. No histological changes were found in the brains of 13 affected cattle. The data of this study suggest that coffee senna poisoning is an important cause of death in cattle in southern Brazil.
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Silva TC, Gorniak SL, Oloris SCS, Raspantini PC, Haraguchi M, Dagli MLZ. Effects of Senna occidentalis on chick bursa of Fabricius. Avian Pathol 2010; 32:633-7. [PMID: 14676015 DOI: 10.1080/03079450310001610622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Senna occidentalis (L) Link (formerly called Cassia occidentalis) is a toxic leguminous plant found ubiquitously as a contaminant of crops. All parts of the plant are toxic, but most of the S. occidentalis toxicity is found in the seeds. S. occidentalis has been shown to be toxic to several animal species, causing degenerative lesions mainly in muscles. This is the first report describing alterations in chick lymphoid organs caused by S. occidentalis seeds. The objectives of this study were to describe the effects of the treatment with seeds and its fraction external tegument (TE) on the development of chicks and their lymphoid organs bursa of Fabricius and spleen. Chicks that received a commercial ration with 1% TE had reduced body and lymphoid organ weights. The bursa of Fabricius presented reduction in the diameters of the follicles, and in the thickness of the cortical and medullary regions. The spleen presented depleted lymphoid tissue in the white pulp. These results indicate that the active principle of S. occidentalis is more concentrated on its TE fraction, and that it can cause weight loss as well as alterations in the lymphoid organs in chicks. The consequences of these alterations should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza C Silva
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, University of São Paulo, Av Prof Dr Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, CEP 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Mariano-So D, Paulino C, Maiorka P, Gorniak S. Administration Senna occidentalis Seeds to Adult and Juvenile Rats: Effects on Thymus, Spleen and in Hematological Parameters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/jpt.2010.46.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Rodrigues E. Plants of restricted use indicated by three cultures in Brazil (Caboclo-river dweller, Indian and Quilombola). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2007; 111:295-302. [PMID: 17196776 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2006] [Revised: 11/09/2006] [Accepted: 11/19/2006] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A detailed record of plants cited during ethnopharmacological surveys, suspected of being toxic or of triggering adverse reactions, may be an auxiliary means to pharmacovigilance of phytomedicines, in that it provides greater knowledge of a "bad side" to plant resources in the Brazilian flora. This study describes 57 plant species of restricted use (abortive, contraceptive, contraindicated for pregnancy, prescribed in lesser doses for children and the elderly, to easy delivery, in addition to poisons to humans and animals) as indicated during ethnopharmacological surveys carried out among three cultures in Brazil (Caboclos-river dwellers, inhabitants of the Amazon forest; the Quilombolas, from the pantanal wetlands; the Krahô Indians, living in the cerrado savannahs). These groups of humans possess notions, to a remarkable extent, of the toxicity, contraindications, and interaction among plants. A bibliographical survey in the Pubmed, Web of Science and Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases has shown that 5 out of the 57 species have some toxic properties described up to the present time, they are: Anacardium occidentale L. (Anacardiaceae), Brosimum gaudichaudii Trécul (Moraceae), Senna alata (L.) Roxb. (Fabaceae), Senna occidentalis (L.) Link (Fabaceae), Strychnos pseudoquina A. St.-Hil. (Loganiaceae) and Vernonia brasiliana (L.) Druce (Asteraceae).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Rodrigues
- Department of Biology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Arthur Ridel, 275 CEP, 09941-510 Diadema, S.P., Brazil.
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Hueza IM, Latorre AO, Raspantini PCF, Raspantini LER, Mariano-Souza DP, Guerra JL, Górniak SL. Effect of Senna occidentalis Seeds on Immunity in Broiler Chickens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 54:179-85. [PMID: 17493163 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.2007.00917.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated possible immunotoxic effects of Senna occidentalis (So) seeds incorporated in broiler chicken rations at different concentrations (0.0%, 0.25%, 0.50% and 0.75%), for 28 or 42 days. We evaluated innate immune function (macrophage activities of spreading, phagocytosis, peroxide and nitric oxide production) and acquired immune function (humoral and cellular immune responses), as well as lymphoid organ weights and pathology. There was enhanced macrophage activity, as hydrogen peroxide production increased (P < 0.05) in cells of birds given 0.75%So, but there were no other pro-inflammatory effects. Birds receiving 0.75% of So in ration for 42 days gained less weight (P < 0.01), and showed a decrease in relative weight of the bursa of Fabricius (P < 0.05) and spleen (P < 0.01). In addition, morphological changes were also noted in these lymphoid organs, with depletion of lymphoid cells on the spleen and bursa of Fabricius, resulting in lower relative weight of both lymphoid organs. No impairment of humoral immune response against Newcastle disease and in cellular immune response after a phytohaemagglutinin challenge was found. It is probable that mitochondrial damage and related apoptosis may be responsible for the enhanced peroxide production and the reduced relative weight of the bursa of Fabricius and spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Hueza
- Research Center for Veterinary Toxicology (CEPTOX), Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, University of São Paulo, CEP 05508-900, Brazil
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Nama Medoua G, Mbofung CM. Kinetics studies of some physico-chemical substances during roasting and preparation of beverage made by Cassia occidentalis seeds. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2006.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Haraguchi M, Dagli MLZ, Raspantini PC, Górniak SL. The effects of low doses of Senna occidentalis seeds on broiler chickens. Vet Res Commun 2003; 27:321-8. [PMID: 12872832 DOI: 10.1023/a:1024088209712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The effects of 0.5%, 0.3% and 0.1% w/w concentrations of Senna occidentalis (So) seed mixed with commercial ration were studied in 18 groups of 32 broiler chicks each, from 1 day to 49 days of age. Three groups were fed one of the rations throughout their lives (TL). Three other groups were fed one of the rations from the 1st to the 28th day of life (starter phase, SP), and the final 3 groups were fed one of the rations from the 29th to 49th day (finisher phase, FP). Each experimental group was matched by a control group fed the same diet over the same period but without the inclusion of So. All the animals were killed at 49 days of age, and blood was collected from 10 birds in each group for biochemical studies (ALT, AST, GGT, LDH, UA). A complete necropsy was performed on 3 birds from each group. No significant differences in the biochemical parameters in the serum were found between the control and experimental chicks, but animals treated with 0.5% So in groups FP and TL, gained less weight and chicks that received 0.3% So or 0.5% So in the ration throughout life (TL) had a larger feed conversion ratio. Besides this, degenerative changes were found in the striated skeletal muscle in the chest, in the myocardium and in the liver in the animals that received the higher concentrations of So seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Haraguchi
- Animal Health Center, Biological Institute of São Paulo, Av. Conselheiro Rodrigues Alves, 1252, CEP 04014-002, São Paulo, Brazil. haragucihi@.biologico.sp.gov.br
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Wang X, Zhong YX, Lan M, Zhang ZY, Shi YQ, Lu J, Ding J, Wu KC, Jin JP, Pan BR, Fan DM. Screening and identification of proteins mediating senna induced gastrointestinal motility enhancement in mouse colon. World J Gastroenterol 2002; 8:162-7. [PMID: 11833095 PMCID: PMC4656611 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v8.i1.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2001] [Revised: 10/12/2001] [Accepted: 11/05/2001] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To isolate the proteins involved in pharmacologic action of senna extract (SE) from mouse gastrointestinal tract and to explore the molecular mechanism of gastrointestinal motility change induced by SE. METHODS SE was administrated to mice by different routes. Gastrointestinal motility of mice was observed using cathartic, gastrointestinal propellant movement experiments and X-ray analysis. Mouse model for gastrointestinal motility enhancement was established through continuous gastric administration of SE at progressively increased dose. At 3 h and week 3, 4, 6 and 10, morphological changes of gastrointestinal tissues were found under light microscope. Ultrastructural changes of intestinal and colonic tissues at week 6 were observed under transmission electron microscope. The colonic proteomic changes in model mice were examined by two-dimension polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with immobilized pH gradient isoelectric focusing to screen the differentially expressed proteins, and their molecular masses and isoelectric points were determined. Two N-terminal sequences of the samples were also determined by mass spectrometry. RESULTS SE (0.3g) caused diarrhea after gastric administration in 1-6h and enhanced gastrointestinal propellant (65.1+/-7.5%; 45.8+/-14.6%, P<0.01) in mice, but intramuscular and hypodermic injection had no cathartic effect. X-ray analysis of gastrointestinal motility demonstrated that gastric administration of SE enhanced gastric evacuation and gastrointestinal transferring function. At 3 h and week 3 and 4 after gastric administration of SE, light microscopic examination revealed no apparent change in gastrointestinal mucosal tissues, but transmission electron microscopic examination revealed inflammatory changes in whole layer of intestinal and colonic wall. Twenty differential proteins were detected in the colonic tissues of the model mice by two-dimensional electrophoresis, and the N-terminal amino acid sequences of two proteins were determined. CONCLUSION SE causes diarrhea and enhances gastrointestinal motility through digestive tract administration. Long-term gastric administration of SE induces inflammatory changes and cell damage in the whole gastrointestinal tract. The differential proteins screened from the colonic tissues of the model mice might mediate the enhancing effect of SE on gastrointestinal motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University,Xi'an 710033,Shaanxi Province,China
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Tasaka AC, Weg R, Calore EE, Sinhorini IL, Dagli ML, Haraguchi M, Górniak SL. Toxicity testing of Senna occidentalis seed in rabbits. Vet Res Commun 2000; 24:573-82. [PMID: 11305748 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006448103889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The effect was investigated of administering ground Senna occidentalis seeds to rabbits in different concentrations (1%, 2%, 3% and 4%) in the ration. The experiment lasted 30 days and the toxic effects of the plant were evaluated on the basis of weight gain, histopathological, biochemical and morphometric parameters, as well as histochemistry and electron microscopy. Animals that received the ration containing 4% ground S. occidentalis seeds gained less weight (p < 0.05) and died in the third week. Histopathology revealed that the heart and liver were the main organs affected, with myocardial necrosis and centrolobular degeneration. There was a reduction in cytochrome oxidase activity in the glycogenolytic fibres, together with muscle atrophy, confirmed by the morphometric studies. Electron microscopy of the liver cells revealed dilated mitochondria, with destruction of the internal cristae.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Tasaka
- Research Center for Veterinary Toxicology (CEPTOX), Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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