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Dupont E, Van Pottelberge A, Van de Putte B, Lievens J, Caestecker F. Divorce in Turkish and Moroccan Communities in Belgium. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF POPULATION-REVUE EUROPEENNE DE DEMOGRAPHIE 2020; 36:617-641. [PMID: 32999638 DOI: 10.1007/s10680-019-09545-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This paper focuses on divorce amongst Turkish and Moroccan Belgians, with a specific focus on the effect of partner-choice patterns. Divorce patterns of marriages established between 01 January 2001 and either 31 December 2003 (descriptive part), or 31 December 2005 (event-history analyses) are analysed and compared to marriages established between 01 January 1988 and 31 December 1990. We distinguish three marriage types: transnational marriages (i.e. marrying a partner from Morocco or Turkey), local intra-ethnic marriages (marrying another Moroccan of Turkish Belgian) and mixed marriages (i.e. marrying someone with a Belgian or other Western-European citizenship). To research divorce rates, we analysed population data from the Belgian national register, using piecewise constant log-rate event-history analyses with effect coding on all marriages taking place between 01 January 2001 and 31 December 2005 (N Turkish = 9631, N Moroccan = 17,786). First, the results reveal that in the past 15 years, divorce rates have doubled within Turkish and Moroccan migrant groups. Second, divorce rates are much higher amongst the Moroccan group. Third, there are clear differences between marriage types. Local intra-ethnic marriages have the lowest divorce levels, mixed marriages the highest, and transnational marriages take up a middle position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilien Dupont
- Department of Sociology, Ghent University, Korte Meer 5, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Bart Van de Putte
- Department of Sociology, Ghent University, Korte Meer 5, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - John Lievens
- Department of Sociology, Ghent University, Korte Meer 5, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frank Caestecker
- Department of Economics, Ghent University, Henleykaai 84, Campus Mercator G, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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First-generation circular migrants involved in the upbringing of their grandchildren: the case of Turkish immigrants in Germany. AGEING & SOCIETY 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x19000953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractFollowing retirement, older immigrants increasingly tend to engage in circular migration. This back-and-forth movement introduces a variety of challenges affecting the nature of grandparenthood as well as grandparental involvement in the upbringing of grandchildren. For circular migrant grandparents, maintaining intergenerational relationships requires them to overcome not only geographic distances, but also linguistic and cultural differences. In families with circular migrant grandparents, intergenerational conflict often springs from disparate generational exposure to acculturation processes, producing divergent aspirations within the first and second generations regarding the upbringing of the third generation. This study explores how first-generation Turkish circular migrant grandparents attempt to raise grandchildren who reside in Germany by implementing ‘cultural and instrumental transfers’. This study undertakes a qualitative approach: semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of first-generation Turkish circular migrant grandparents (N = 40). The analysis finds that child-care assistance is characterised by intergenerational conflict – rather than solidarity or altruistic support – between the first and second generations. Moreover, through transnational arranged marriages, as a cultural transfer, and inter vivos gifts, as an instrumental transfer, grandparents encourage their grandchildren to return to Turkey permanently.
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Kulu H, Hannemann T. Mixed marriage among immigrants and their descendants in the United Kingdom: Analysis of longitudinal data with missing information. Population Studies 2018; 73:179-196. [PMID: 30355245 DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2018.1493136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the formation of endogamous and exogamous marriages among immigrants and their descendants in the United Kingdom. We apply event history analysis to data from the Understanding Society study and use multiple imputation to determine the type of marriage for individuals with missing information on the origin of their spouse. The analysis shows, first, significant differences among immigrants and their descendants in the likelihood of marrying within and outside their ethnic groups. While immigrants from European countries have relatively high exogamous marriage rates, South Asians exhibit a high likelihood of marrying a partner from their own ethnic group; Caribbean people hold an intermediate position. Second, the descendants of immigrants have lower endogamous and higher exogamous marriage rates than their parents; however, for some ethnic groups, particularly South Asians, the differences across generations are small, suggesting that changes in marriage patterns have been slower than expected.
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Van Landschoot L, Willaert D, de Valk HAG, Van Bavel J. Partner Choice and the Transition to Parenthood for Second-Generation Women of Turkish and Moroccan Origin in Belgium. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF POPULATION = REVUE EUROPEENNE DE DEMOGRAPHIE 2018; 34:579-608. [PMID: 30976255 PMCID: PMC6241154 DOI: 10.1007/s10680-017-9438-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Studies on fertility among second-generation migrant women across Europe have mainly treated the second generation as a rather homogenous group, not linking and distinguishing fertility patterns by type of partner. This study investigates how and to what extent the origin and generation of the partner (endogamous or exogamous as well as diversity in endogamy) of Turkish and Moroccan second-generation women in Belgium is related to first-birth rates. We distinguish three types of partnerships: those in an endogamous union with a first-generation partner, those in an endogamous union with a second-generation partner, and those in an exogenous union where the partner is of native Belgian origin. We use linked Census-Register data for the period 2001-2006. Applying event history models, our findings reveal clear differences between the endogamous and exogamous unions with respect to the timing of first births. Second-generation women of both origin groups have the lowest parenthood rates when the partner is of native Belgian origin. However, no variation is found within endogamous unions. For endogamous unions with a first-generation partner, the parenthood rates are approximately the same (and not higher, as was expected) compared to when the partner is also of second generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Van Landschoot
- Department of Sociology, Interface Demography, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Didier Willaert
- Department of Sociology, Interface Demography, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Helga A. G. de Valk
- Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute/ KNAW/ Population Research Center, University of Groningen, Lange Houtstraat 19, 2511 CV The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Van Bavel
- Faculty of Social Science, Family and Population Studies, University of Leuven, Parkstraat 45, Bus 3601, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Mixed marriages between immigrants and natives in Spain: The gendered effect of marriage market constraints. DEMOGRAPHIC RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.4054/demres.2018.39.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Lievens J. Family-Forming Migration from Turkey and Morocco to Belgium: The Demand for Marriage Partners from the Countries of Origin. INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION REVIEW 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/019791839903300307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This article examines the intensity and trends of marriages of Turks and Moroccans living in Belgium to partners from their countries of origin (‘imported partners’) and the motives for marrying such partners. Using data from the 1991 Belgian census, we show that large proportions of the migrant groups choose a partner from the country of origin and that marrying such a partner is certainly not dying out. Furthermore, the results of logit analyses reveal that marrying an imported partner is more than merely an act of traditional behavior: women may marry an imported partner in order to satisfy ‘modern’ goals.
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The formation of ethnically mixed partnerships in Estonia: A stalling trend from a two-sided perspective. DEMOGRAPHIC RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.4054/demres.2018.38.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Obućina O. Partner Choice in Sweden Following a Failed Intermarriage. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF POPULATION = REVUE EUROPEENNE DE DEMOGRAPHIE 2016; 32:511-542. [PMID: 30976221 PMCID: PMC6241011 DOI: 10.1007/s10680-016-9377-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper is based on the assumption that divorced and separated individuals bring with them the experience of a failed union which may shape their future choices on the marriage market. It aims to contribute to our knowledge of intermarriage, and social interaction in Sweden in general, by comparing the repartnering choices of immigrants and natives in Sweden who had made what is still considered an atypical choice of entering a native-immigrant union with the partner choices of natives and immigrants whose previous union was endogamous. The empirical analysis in this paper is based on the Swedish register data from the STAR data collection (Sweden over Time: Activities and Relations) and covers the period 1990-2007. All the analyses in the paper include individuals aged 20-55 at the time of union dissolution. The multivariate analysis is based on discrete-time multinomial logistic regression. The results show that for all four groups defined by sex and nativity (native men, native women, immigrant men, and immigrant women), there is a positive association between the previous experience of intermarriage and the likelihood of initiating another intermarriage after union dissolution. Another important finding is that the magnitude of this positive association increases with the degree of social distance between the groups involved in the union. Gender differences are modest among natives and somewhat more pronounced among immigrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ognjen Obućina
- Stockholm University Demography Unit (SUDA), Universitetsvägen 10 B, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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Spörlein C, Mouw T, Martinez-Schuldt R. The interplay of spatial diffusion and marital assimilation of Mexicans in the United States, 1980-2011. JOURNAL OF ETHNIC AND MIGRATION STUDIES 2016; 43:475-494. [PMID: 32489314 PMCID: PMC7266094 DOI: 10.1080/1369183x.2016.1185940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Spörlein
- Otto-Friedrich-Universität Bamberg, Lehrstuhl für Soziologie, insb. Sozialstrukturanalyse, Feldkirchenstraße 21, D-96052 Bamberg, +49 951 863 3649
| | - Ted Mouw
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Sociology, 155 Hamilton Hall CB 3210, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Ricardo Martinez-Schuldt
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Sociology, 155 Hamilton Hall CB 3210, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
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Family Dynamics Among Immigrants and Their Descendants in Europe: Current Research and Opportunities. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF POPULATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10680-014-9322-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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11
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Kanas A, van Tubergen F. The conditional returns to origin-country human capital among Turkish and Moroccan immigrants in Belgium. SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 2014; 46:130-141. [PMID: 24767595 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study extends the analysis of the economic returns to pre-migration human capital by examining the role of the receiving context, co-ethnic residential concentration, and post-migration investments in human capital. It uses large-scale survey data on Turkish and Moroccan immigrants in Belgium. The analysis demonstrates that regarding employment, Moroccan immigrants, that is, those originating from former French colonies receive larger returns to their origin-country education and work experience in French- vs. Dutch-speaking regions. Other than the positive interaction effect between co-ethnic residential concentration and work experience on employment, there is little evidence that co-ethnic concentration increases the returns to origin-country human capital. Speaking the host-country language facilitates economic returns to origin-country work experience. Conversely, immigrants who acquire host-country credentials and work experience receive lower returns to origin-country education and experience, suggesting that, at least among low-skilled immigrants, pre- and post-migration human capital substitute rather than complement each other.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frank van Tubergen
- Utrecht University, Netherlands; King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Parental Background and Union Formation Behavior of Native Born Individuals in Sweden with a Foreign Background. SOCIETIES 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/soc4030351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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del Rey Poveda A, Vono de Vilhena D. Marrying after arriving: The role of individuals' networks for immigrant choice of partner's origin. ADVANCES IN LIFE COURSE RESEARCH 2014; 19:28-39. [PMID: 24796876 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcr.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper analyses the impact of social networks on the transition to marriage among recently arrived, single, immigrants in Spain. Our hypothesis states that the existence of individual networks at the moment of arrival strongly influences partner selection. Using the 2007 Spanish National Immigration Survey we apply competing risk models to estimate the likelihood of endogamous or exogamous marriage, for men and women separately. The analysis shows that among immigrant men and women, the presence of relatives or friends from their home-country at the time of arrival increases the probability of marriage to a co-national. Correspondingly, immigrants who obtained Spanish citizenship before migrating present higher chances of intermarriage, as they are likely to have more contact with the host society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto del Rey Poveda
- University of Salamanca, Department of Sociology and Ibero-American Institute, Edificio FES, Campus Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Daniela Vono de Vilhena
- Population Europe - Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Markgrafenstrasse 37, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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Spörlein C, Schlueter E, van Tubergen F. Ethnic intermarriage in longitudinal perspective: testing structural and cultural explanations in the United States, 1880-2011. SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 2014; 43:1-15. [PMID: 24267749 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2013.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Focusing on macro-level processes, this article combines Decennial Census and Current Population Survey data to simultaneously test longitudinal and cross-sectional effects on ethnic intermarriage using structural and cultural explanations. Covering a 130 year period, the results of our multilevel analysis for 140 national-origin groups indicate that structural characteristics explain why some origin groups become more "open" over time while others remain relatively "closed". Ethnic intermarriage is more likely to increase over time when the relative size of an immigrant group decreases, sex ratios grow more imbalanced, the origin group grows more diverse, the size of the third generation increases and social structural consolidation decreases. Cultural explanations also play a role suggesting that an origin group's exogamous behavior in the past exerts long-term effects and exogamous practices increase over time when the prevalence of early marriage customs declines. For some of the discussed determinants of intermarriage, longitudinal and cross-sectional effects differ calling for a more careful theorizing and testing in terms of the level of analysis (e.g., longitudinal vs. cross-sectional).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Spörlein
- University of Cologne, Cologne Graduate School in Management, Economics and Social Sciences, Richard-Strauß-Straße 2, Cologne 50931, Germany.
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Huschek D, de Valk HAG, Liefbroer AC. Partner Choice Patterns Among the Descendants of Turkish Immigrants in Europe. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF POPULATION = REVUE EUROPEENNE DE DEMOGRAPHIE 2012; 28:241-268. [PMID: 23019383 PMCID: PMC3444703 DOI: 10.1007/s10680-012-9265-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
We examine the partner choice patterns of second-generation Turks in 13 European cities in seven countries. We not only compare intermarriage versus endogamous marriage, but also explicitly include the choice of a second-generation partner of the same origin and of a partner of other migrant origin as important alternatives. In Europe, populations are made up increasingly of migrants and their descendants resulting in new alternative partner options not open before. Findings suggest that second-generation Turks who choose a second-generation partner seem to be located between the partner choice of a first-generation and native partner in terms of family values and contact to non-coethnic peers. The choice of a partner of other migrant origin hardly differs in these characteristics from the choice of a native partner. Context variables such as group size and type of integration policies seem to play a role for the likelihood of having a first-generation versus a second-generation partner of Turkish origin but not for the likelihood of exogamous partner choice. A second-generation partner is the most popular choice in Germany but represents a minor option in the other countries. Furthermore, a partner of other migrant origin is more common among men but is in some countries more popular than a native partner among Turkish second-generation men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doreen Huschek
- Phoolan Devi Institute, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute (NIDI), P.O. Box 11650, 2502 AR Den Haag, The Netherlands
| | - Helga A. G. de Valk
- Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute (NIDI), P.O. Box 11650, 2502 AR Den Haag, The Netherlands
- Interface Demography, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium
| | - Aart C. Liefbroer
- Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute (NIDI), P.O. Box 11650, 2502 AR Den Haag, The Netherlands
- Department of Social Research Methodology, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Patterns of Social Integration of Western European Migrants. JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION AND INTEGRATION 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12134-011-0214-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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17
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Muttarak R, Heath A. Who intermarries in Britain? Explaining ethnic diversity in intermarriage patterns. THE BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY 2010; 61:275-305. [PMID: 20579055 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-4446.2010.01313.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigates trends, patterns and determinants of intermarriage (and partnership) comparing patterns among men and women and among different ethnic groups in Britain. We distinguish between endogamous (co-ethnic), majority/minority and minority/minority marriages. Hypotheses are derived from the theoretical literatures on assimilation, segmented assimilation and opportunity structures. The empirical analysis is based on the 1988-2006 General Household Surveys (N = 115,494). Consistent with assimilation theory we find that, for all ethnic minority groups, the propensity to intermarry is higher in the second generation than in the first. Consistent with ideas drawn from segmented assimilation theory, we also find that substantial differences in propensity to form majority/minority marriages persist after controls for individual characteristics such as age, educational level, generation and length of residence in Britain, with men and women of Indian, Pakistani or Bangladeshi background having higher propensities to form endogamous partnerships. However, we also find that opportunity structures affect intermarriage propensities for all groups alike, with individuals in more diverse residential areas (as measured by the ratio of majority to minority residents in the area) having higher likelihood to form majority/minority partnerships. We conclude then that, beginning from very different starting points, all groups, both minority and the majority groups exhibit common patterns of generational change and response to opportunity structures. Even the groups that are believed to have the strongest community structures and the strongest norms supporting endogamy appear to be experiencing increasing exogamy in the second generation and in more diverse residential settings. This suggests that a weak rather than a strong version of segmented assimilation provides the best account of British patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raya Muttarak
- Department of Political and Social Sciences, European University Institute.
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Ethnic intermarriage in the Netherlands: confirmations and refutations of accepted insights. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF POPULATION-REVUE EUROPEENNE DE DEMOGRAPHIE 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10680-006-9105-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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The demography of difference: shifting trends of racial diversity and interracial marriage 1960–1990. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1090-9524(03)00005-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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