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Diaz P, Horne E, Xu C, Hamel E, Wagenbach M, Petrov RR, Uhlenbruck B, Haas B, Hothi P, Wordeman L, Gussio R, Stella N. Modified carbazoles destabilize microtubules and kill glioblastoma multiform cells. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 159:74-89. [PMID: 30268825 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Small molecules that target microtubules (MTs) represent promising therapeutics to treat certain types of cancer, including glioblastoma multiform (GBM). We synthesized modified carbazoles and evaluated their antitumor activity in GBM cells in culture. Modified carbazoles with an ethyl moiety linked to the nitrogen of the carbazole and a carbonyl moiety linked to distinct biaromatic rings exhibited remarkably different killing activities in human GBM cell lines and patient-derived GBM cells, with IC50 values from 67 to >10,000 nM. Measures of the activity of modified carbazoles with tubulin and microtubules coupled to molecular docking studies show that these compounds bind to the colchicine site of tubulin in a unique low interaction space that inhibits tubulin assembly. The modified carbazoles reported here represent novel chemical tools to better understand how small molecules disrupt MT functions and kill devastating cancers such as GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Diaz
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA; DermaXon LLC, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA.
| | - Eric Horne
- Stella Therapeutics, Inc., Pacific Northwest Research Institute, 720 Broadway, Seattle, WA, 98122, USA
| | - Cong Xu
- Department of Pharmacology (CX, BH and NS), Department of Physiology and Biophysics (MW and LW), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (NS), The University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Screening Technologies Branch (EH) and Computational Drug Development Group (RG), Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Michael Wagenbach
- Department of Pharmacology (CX, BH and NS), Department of Physiology and Biophysics (MW and LW), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (NS), The University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Ravil R Petrov
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Benjamin Uhlenbruck
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Brian Haas
- Department of Pharmacology (CX, BH and NS), Department of Physiology and Biophysics (MW and LW), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (NS), The University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Parvinder Hothi
- Ivy Center for Advance Brain Tumor Treatment, Swedish Neuroscience Institute, 550 17th Ave, Seattle, WA, 98122, USA
| | - Linda Wordeman
- Department of Pharmacology (CX, BH and NS), Department of Physiology and Biophysics (MW and LW), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (NS), The University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Rick Gussio
- Screening Technologies Branch (EH) and Computational Drug Development Group (RG), Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Nephi Stella
- Stella Therapeutics, Inc., Pacific Northwest Research Institute, 720 Broadway, Seattle, WA, 98122, USA; Department of Pharmacology (CX, BH and NS), Department of Physiology and Biophysics (MW and LW), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (NS), The University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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Fathima Hurmath K, Ramaswamy P, Nandakumar DN. IL-1β microenvironment promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion of human glioma cells. Cell Biol Int 2014; 38:1415-22. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Fathima Hurmath
- Department of Neurochemistry; National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS); Bengaluru 560029 India
| | - Palaniswamy Ramaswamy
- Department of Neurochemistry; National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS); Bengaluru 560029 India
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3
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Activation of NMDA receptor of glutamate influences MMP-2 activity and proliferation of glioma cells. Neurol Sci 2013; 35:823-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-013-1604-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Comparative study of microtubule inhibitors – Estramustine and natural podophyllotoxin conjugated PAMAM dendrimer on glioma cell proliferation. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 68:47-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Liu ZL, Tian W, Wang Y, Kuang S, Luo XM, Yu Q. A novel sulfonamide agent, MPSP-001, exhibits potent activity against human cancer cells in vitro through disruption of microtubule. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2012; 33:261-70. [PMID: 22301862 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2011.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the anti-cancer effects of a new sulfonamide derivative, 2-(N-(3-chlorophenyl)-4-methoxyphenylsulfonamido)-N-hydroxypropanamide (MPSP-001). METHODS Human cancer cell lines (HepG2, THP-1, K562, HGC-27, SKOV3, PANC-1, SW480, Kba, HeLa, A549, MDA-MB-453, and MCF-7) were examined. The cytotoxicity of MPSP-001 was evaluated using the WST-8 assay. Cell cycle distribution was examined with flow cytometry. Mitotic spindle formation was detected using immunofluorescence microscopy. Apoptosis-related proteins were examined with Western blot using specific phosphorylated protein antibodies. Competitive tubulin-binding assay was performed to test whether the compound competitively bound to the colchicine site. Molecular docking was performed to explore the possible binding conformation. RESULTS MPSP-001 potently inhibited the growth of the 12 different types of human cancer cells with the IC(50) values ranging from 1.9 to 15.7 μmol/L. The compound exerted potent inhibition on the drug-resistant Kb/VCR and MCF-7/ADR cells, as on Kba and MCF-7 cells. In HeLa, HGC-27, A549, and other cells, the compound (5 μmol/L) caused cell cycle arrest at the G(2)/M phase, and subsequently induced cell apoptosis. In Hela cells, it prevented the mitotic spindle formation. Furthermore, the compound dose-dependently inhibited polymerization of tubulin in vitro, and directly bound to the colchicine-site of β-tubulin. Molecular docking predicted that the compound may form two hydrogen bonds to the binding pocket. The compound showed synergistic effects with colchicine and taxol in blocking mitosis of HeLa cells. CONCLUSION MPSP-001 shows a broad-spectrum of anti-tumor efficacy in vitro and represents a novel structure with anti-microtubule activity.
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A novel synthetic analog of 5, 8-disubstituted quinazolines blocks mitosis and induces apoptosis of tumor cells by inhibiting microtubule polymerization. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10499. [PMID: 20463925 PMCID: PMC2864768 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2009] [Accepted: 04/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many mitosis inhibitors are powerful anticancer drugs. Tremendous efforts have been made to identify new anti-mitosis compounds for developing more effective and less toxic anti-cancer drugs. We have identified LJK-11, a synthetic analog of 5, 8-disubstituted quinazolines, as a novel mitotic blocker. LJK-11 inhibited growth and induced apoptosis of many different types of tumor cells. It prevented mitotic spindle formation and arrested cells at early phase of mitosis. Detailed in vitro analysis demonstrated that LJK-11 inhibited microtubule polymerization. In addition, LJK-11 had synergistic effect with another microtubule inhibitor colchicine on blocking mitosis, but not with vinblastine or nocodazole. Therefore, LJK-11 represents a novel anti-microtubule structure. Understanding the function and mechanism of LJK-11 will help us to better understand the action of anti-microtubule agents and to design better anti-cancer drugs.
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Biological evaluation of synthetic analogues of curcumin: chloro-substituted-2′-hydroxychalcones as potential inhibitors of tubulin polymerization and cell proliferation. Med Chem Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-010-9344-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Liu S, Zhu H, Zhang S, Zhang X, Yu Q, Xuan L. Abietane diterpenoids from Clerodendrum bungei. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2008; 71:755-759. [PMID: 18348535 DOI: 10.1021/np0703489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Five new naturally occurring abietane diterpenoids (1-5) along with three known diterpenoids (6-8) were isolated from an acetone-soluble extract of the roots of Clerodendrum bungei. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and chemical methods. In addition, all compounds were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against the cultured B16 (murine melanoma), HGC-27 (human gastric), and HEK-293 (human epithelial kidney) cell lines. Uncinatone (7) exhibited moderate cytotoxicity, inhibited cell proliferation, and induced cell-cycle G(2)/M phase arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai, PR China
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Meng F, Cai X, Duan J, Matteucci MG, Hart CP. A novel class of tubulin inhibitors that exhibit potent antiproliferation and in vitro vessel-disrupting activity. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2007; 61:953-63. [PMID: 17639393 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-007-0549-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2007] [Accepted: 06/05/2007] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Since anticancer agents that interfere with microtubule function are in widespread use and have a broad spectrum of activity against both hematological malignancies and solid tumors, there is an urgent need to develop novel tubulin inhibitors with broader activities and avoiding drug resistance. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we describe the characterization of select lead compounds from a novel class of indazole-based tubulin inhibitors. Three lead compounds, TH-337, TH-482 and TH-494, exhibit potent antiproliferative activity against cell lines derived from human pancreatic carcinoma, human breast adenocarcinoma and human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. The three compounds were also tested for cytotoxicity against a panel of clinically relevant drug resistant cancer cell lines that either overexpress the drug resistance pumps MDR-1, MRP-1 and BCRP-1 or have altered Topoisomerase II activity. TH-482 and -494 retained cytotoxic activities against all of the resistant cell lines tested; however, TH-337 exhibited decreased cytotoxicity in the cell line overexpressing BCRP-1, indicating that TH-337 is a substrate of that pump. We show that TH-482's antiproliferative activity is due to cell cycle arrest at the G(2)/M phase. We demonstrate that TH-482 binds specifically to the colchicine site of tubulin and that it inhibits tubulin polymerization in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner. The in vitro anti-vascular activities of TH-482 were assessed using the HUVEC-C cell line. TH-482 inhibits in vitro neovessel formation and disrupts pre-established vessels using HUVEC-C cells. TH-482 also increases permeability of vascular endothelial cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS TH-482 demonstrates potent in vitro efficacy as a novel tubulin-targeted anti-proliferative and anti-vascular agent and notably is more potent in antiproliferative assays than the benchmark compound combretastatin A-4. These results identify TH-482 as a potent tubulin inhibitor, and support the investigation of its in vivo efficacy and pharmacokinetic properties as the prototype of a new class of anti-tubulin agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanying Meng
- Threshold Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 1300 Seaport Blvd, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA.
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Jin Y, Zhou ZY, Tian W, Yu Q, Long YQ. 4′-Alkoxyl substitution enhancing the anti-mitotic effect of 5-(3′,4′,5′-substituted)anilino-4-hydroxy-8-nitroquinazolines as a novel class of anti-microtubule agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:5864-9. [PMID: 16942876 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2006] [Revised: 07/27/2006] [Accepted: 08/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitosis inhibitors are powerful anticancer drugs. Based on a novel anti-microtubule agent of 5-(4'-methoxy)anilino-4-hydroxy-8-nitroquinazoline, a series of 5-(3',4',5'-substituted)anilino-4-hydroxy-8- nitroquinazolines were designed and synthesized to investigate the effect of the substitution on the inhibitory activity against mitotic progression of tumor cells. The large alkoxyl substitution on the 4'-position of 5-anilino ring is beneficial for the potency. The 5-(3',4',5'-trimethoxy)anilino-8-nitroquinazoline (1h) displays an overwhelming activity in arresting the cells at the G2/M phase, providing a promising new template for further development of potent microtubule-targeted anti-mitotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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Peraud A, Mondal S, Hawkins C, Mastronardi M, Bailey K, Rutka JT. Expression of fascin, an actin-bundling protein, in astrocytomas of varying grades. Brain Tumor Pathol 2004; 20:53-8. [PMID: 14756441 DOI: 10.1007/bf02483447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Malignant astrocytomas are highly infiltrative neoplasms that invade readily into regions of normal brain. On a cellular basis, the motility and invasiveness of human cancers can be ascribed in part to complex rearrangements of the actin cytoskeleton that are governed by several actinbinding proteins. One such actin-binding protein that has been linked to the invasive behavior of carcinomas is fascin, which serves to aggregate F actin into bundles. In this study, we examined the expression of fascin in a series of human malignant astrocytomas (WHO grades I-IV). Five grade I, 5 grade II, 10 grade III, and 26 grade IV human astrocytomas were examined for fascin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression by double immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. Expression of fascin and GFAP was also determined by Western blot analysis. Fascin expression increased with increasing WHO grade of astrocytoma. This is in marked contrast to GFAP expression, which decreased with increasing WHO grade. In grades I and II neoplasms, and within non-neoplastic brain, fascin and GFAP were expressed diffusely within regions examined. However, in the higher-grade astrocytomas (grades III and IV), fascin and GFAP were expressed regionally in distinctly separate tumor cell populations. This is the first study to demonstrate the expression of fascin in human astrocytic neoplasms. The role that fascin plays in contributing to the invasive phenotype of anaplastic astrocytomas awaits further study and investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelia Peraud
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Matsuno A, Nagashima T. A Novel Strategy for Growth Suppression of Glioma Cells: Targeting Microtubules. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2004. [DOI: 10.1267/ahc.37.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Matsuno
- Department of Neurosurgery, Teikyo University Ichihara Hospital
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Vallbo C, Bergenheim T, Hedman H, Henriksson R. The antimicrotubule drug estramustine but not irradiation induces apoptosis in malignant glioma involving AKT and caspase pathways. J Neurooncol 2002; 56:143-8. [PMID: 11995815 DOI: 10.1023/a:1014562503097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Irradiation is one of the cornerstones used in the treatment of malignant glioma. However, the effect is modest and glioma cells generally display a pronounced radio-resistance. In this study, the effect of irradiation, alone and in combination with the antimicrotubule drug estramustine (EaM), was investigated in vitro using the BT4C rat glioma cell line, and in vivo the BT4C rat intracerebral glioma model was used. Apoptosis was detected by analysing DNA laddering, in situ end labelling (ISEL) and Annexin V reactivity. In addition, phosphorylation status of MAPK, JNK, p38, and AKT, proteins involved in pro- and anti-apoptotic signalling pathways was analysed by Western blotting. Irradiation did not induce apoptosis, neither in vitro nor in vivo. EaM, however, induced apoptosis in vivo and in vitro, regardless of whether EaM was given alone, before or after irradiation. When BT4C cells were treated with the caspase-3 inhibitor Ac-DEVD-CHO prior to EaM, the number of apoptotic cells was decreased, indicating an involvement of caspase-3. The signalling pathways regulating apoptosis are complex and involve kinases such as MAPK, JNK, p38 and AKT. Irradiation did not induce any changes in the expression levels or phosphorylation status of these proteins. On the other hand, the phosphorylation level of AKT was reduced after EaM treatment, which might, in part, propose how EaM induces apoptosis in glioma cells.
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Yoshida D, Noha M, Watanabe K, Takahashi H, Sugisaki Y, Teramoto A. Induction of apoptosis by estramustine phosphate mediated by phosphorylation of bcl-2. J Neurooncol 2001; 54:23-9. [PMID: 11763419 DOI: 10.1023/a:1012566601485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Estramustine phosphate (EMP) is an anti-microtubule agent that induces apoptosis of glioma cells. We investigated whether EMP caused apoptosis through the alkylating effect of its nitrogen mustard component or by phosphorylation of bcl-2 like other anti-microtubule agents in normal human astrocyte and human malignant glioma cell lines. Apoptosis was seen in glioma cells treated either with nitrogen mustard or EMP and expression of bcl-2 mRNA was not changed by exposure to the drug. An immunoprecipitation study only found phosphorylation bcl-2 in glioma cells exposed to EMP and not in cells exposed to nitrogen mustard. These results indicate that induction of apoptosis in glioma cells by EMP is mediated by phosphorylation of bcl-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Yoshida
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
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Yoshida D, Noha M, Watanabe K, Bergenheim T, Henriksson R, Teramoto A. The bleb formation of the extracellular pseudopodia; early evidence of microtubule depolymerization by estramustine phosphate in glioma cell; in vitro study. J Neurooncol 2001; 52:37-47. [PMID: 11451201 DOI: 10.1023/a:1010653613588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Estramustine phosphate (EMP) is an anti-microtubule agent that depolymerizes microtubules and also causes apoptosis of glioma cells. Both of these pharmacological actions have been previously studied within the same cytotoxic range of EMP concentrations. The purpose of this study was to investigate which of these two phenomena occurred before the other. A preliminary MTT assay was done to distinguish non-cytotoxic (0.005-0.1 microM) and cytotoxic (0.5-10 microM) of EMP for BT4C cells. To investigate apoptotic changes, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), DNA laddering, and in situ endo-labeling (TUNEL) method were employed. A chemotaxis assay was used to assess cell motility. Scanning electron microscopy and TEM immunocytochemistry with an anti-beta tubulin antibody were applied to detect morphological changes of the microtubules. Suppression of cell motility by cytotoxic doses of EMP (0.5-10 microM) group was attributed by the cyto-reductive effect, relating to apoptosis. At 0.01-0.1 microM (non-cytotoxic doses), EMP did not indue apoptosis. At these concentrations, TEM and immunohistochemistry revealed the formation of blebs on the tip of the pseudopodia that contained abnormally depolymerized microtubules, a finding that was not observed at a low temperature or during cell migration. Cell chemotaxis was significantly inhibited by cytostatic EMP doses (0.05 and 0.1 microM). Bleb formation of the pseudopodia might be evidence of the abnormal disassembly of microtubules by cytostatic EMP concentrations, prior to the induction of apoptosis. In glioma cells EMP probably initiates apoptosis by causing the depolymerization of microtubules. Inhibition of cell motility by cytostatic doses of EMP could be beneficial to support other therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Yoshida
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
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Shimura T, Teramoto A, Yoshida D, Adachi K. [Apoptosis in malignant brain tumor and application of chemotherapy]. J NIPPON MED SCH 2001; 68:74-7. [PMID: 11180707 DOI: 10.1272/jnms.68.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Shimura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nippon Medical School.
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