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Liu D, Liu G, Liu S. Promising Application, Efficient Production, and Genetic Basis of Mannosylerythritol Lipids. Biomolecules 2024; 14:557. [PMID: 38785964 PMCID: PMC11117751 DOI: 10.3390/biom14050557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) are a class of glycolipids that have been receiving increasing attention in recent years due to their diverse biological activities. MELs are produced by certain fungi and display a range of bioactivities, making them attractive candidates for various applications in medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology. Despite their remarkable qualities, industrial-scale production of MELs remains a challenge for fungal strains. Excellent fungal strains and fermentation processes are essential for the efficient production of MELs, so efforts have been made to improve the fermentation yield by screening high-yielding strains, optimizing fermentation conditions, and improving product purification processes. The availability of the genome sequence is pivotal for elucidating the genetic basis of fungal MEL biosynthesis. This review aims to shed light on the applications of MELs and provide insights into the genetic basis for efficient MEL production. Additionally, this review offers new perspectives on optimizing MEL production, contributing to the advancement of sustainable biosurfactant technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dun Liu
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;
| | - Guanglei Liu
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;
| | - Shiping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China
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Overview on Glycosylated Lipids Produced by Bacteria and Fungi: Rhamno-, Sophoro-, Mannosylerythritol and Cellobiose Lipids. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 181:73-122. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2021_200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Coelho ALS, Feuser PE, Carciofi BAM, de Oliveira D, de Andrade CJ. Biological activity of mannosylerythritol lipids on the mammalian cells. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:8595-8605. [PMID: 32875366 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10857-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mannosylerythritol lipids (MEL) are glycolipids mainly produced by pseudo-yeasts. These molecules present remarkable biological activities widely explored in many fields, including medicine, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. This review presents the main biological activity of MEL on the HL60, K562, B16, PC12, and skin cells. There is strong evidence that MEL changes the levels of glycosphingolipids of HL-60 lineage, which induce differentiation into granulocytic cells. Regarding B16 cells, MEL can trigger both apoptosis (10 μM) and cell differentiation (5 μM), in which the MEL concentration is related to each metabolic pathway. MEL can also trigger differentiation in PC12 cells due to the increase in the GalCer content. In this specific case, the effects are transient, and the differentiated cells are unstable and tend to apoptosis. MEL-B can particularly maintain skin hydration and moisture due to their self-assembled structures that resemble the tissue cells. Moreover, MEL-B repair aquaporin expression in the HaCaT keratinocytes damaged with UVA irradiation, whereas MEL-C suppresses the expression of COX-2 protein in fibroblasts, indicating that these glycolipids activate the cellular antioxidant mechanism. Recent findings denoted the anti-melanogenic activity of MEL since they suppress tyrosinase enzyme at mRNA levels in B16 and NHMs cells. MEL act effectively on mammalian cells; however, there is no clear pattern of their metabolic effects. Also, gene expression levels seem to be related to two main factors: chemical structure and concentration. However, the specific signaling cascades that are induced by MEL remain inconclusive. Thus, further investigations are vital to understanding these mechanisms clearly. KEY POINTS: • The four MEL homologs promote different biological responses in mammalian cells. • MEL modifies the pattern of glycosphingolipids in the plasma membrane of tumor cells. • Activation/deactivation of phosphorylation of serine/threonine kinase proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Letícia Silva Coelho
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo Emilio Feuser
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Bruno Augusto Mattar Carciofi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Débora de Oliveira
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Cristiano José de Andrade
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
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Abdel-Mawgoud AM, Stephanopoulos G. Simple glycolipids of microbes: Chemistry, biological activity and metabolic engineering. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2018; 3:3-19. [PMID: 29911195 PMCID: PMC5884252 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylated lipids (GLs) are added-value lipid derivatives of great potential. Besides their interesting surface activities that qualify many of them to act as excellent ecological detergents, they have diverse biological activities with promising biomedical and cosmeceutical applications. Glycolipids, especially those of microbial origin, have interesting antimicrobial, anticancer, antiparasitic as well as immunomodulatory activities. Nonetheless, GLs are hardly accessing the market because of their high cost of production. We believe that experience of metabolic engineering (ME) of microbial lipids for biofuel production can now be harnessed towards a successful synthesis of microbial GLs for biomedical and other applications. This review presents chemical groups of bacterial and fungal GLs, their biological activities, their general biosynthetic pathways and an insight on ME strategies for their production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gregory Stephanopoulos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Donio MBS, Ronica FA, Viji VT, Velmurugan S, Jenifer JSCA, Michaelbabu M, Dhar P, Citarasu T. Halomonas sp. BS4, A biosurfactant producing halophilic bacterium isolated from solar salt works in India and their biomedical importance. SPRINGERPLUS 2013; 2:149. [PMID: 23667807 PMCID: PMC3648683 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Halophilic bacteria were isolated from Thamaraikulam solar salt works in India. After routine biosurfactant screening by various methods, the biosurfactant producing bacteria, Halomonas sp BS4 was confirmed by 16 S rRNA sequencing. The growth optimization of Halomonas sp BS4 revealed their optimum growth at 8% NaCl and 6-8 pH in the growth medium. Further the partially purified biosurfactants were characterized by TLC, FTIR and GC-MS analysis. GC-MS results revealed that, the partial purified biosurfactants contain 1, 2-Ethanediamine N, N, N’, N’-tetra, 8-Methyl-6-nonenamide, (Z)-9-octadecenamide and a fatty acid derivative. Pharmacological screening of antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and anticancer assays revealed that, the biosurfactant extracted from Halomonas sp BS4 effectively controlled the human pathogenic bacteria and fungi an aquaculturally important virus, WSSV. The biosurfactant also suppressed the proliferation of mammary epithelial carcinoma cell by 46.77% at 2.5 μg concentration. Based on these findings, the present study concluded that, there is a possibility to develop eco-friendly antimicrobial and anticancer drugs from the extremophilic origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariathason Birdilla Selva Donio
- Centre for Marine Science and Technology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Rajakkamangalam, Kanyakumari Dist, Tamilnadu 629502, India
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Cortés-Sánchez ADJ, Hernández-Sánchez H, Jaramillo-Flores ME. Biological activity of glycolipids produced by microorganisms: new trends and possible therapeutic alternatives. Microbiol Res 2012; 168:22-32. [PMID: 22959834 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/07/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Several biological processes in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms require the presence of glycolipids (biosurfactants), compounds with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups in their structure. They constitute the backbone of different metabolic functions and biological structures such as cell membranes. Besides being structural components, glycolipids show surface activity in the interfaces and are mainly produced by microorganisms. Interest in biosurfactants has increased considerably in recent times due to their applications in the environmental, oil, food, and pharmaceutical industries, since they have unique properties such as low toxicity, high biodegradability, environmentally friendly, foaming capacity, high selectivity and specificity at extreme temperatures, pH and salinity, as well as biological activity. All of these properties are considered advantages over other chemical surfactants, and therefore glycolipids are considered a good alternative, given the current interest on sustainable development. The present work shows a general view of bio-surfactants of microbial origin, particularly of glycolipids, referring to several studies on their biological activity that have revealed their great potential in the medical-biological field, discovering interesting possibilities for their therapeutic application in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro de Jesús Cortés-Sánchez
- Departamento de Graduados e Investigación en Alimentos, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas-IPN, Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Santo Tomás, Miguel Hidalgo, CP 11340, México, D.F., Mexico
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Rodrigues LR, Teixeira JA. Biomedical and therapeutic applications of biosurfactants. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 672:75-87. [PMID: 20545275 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-5979-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
During the last years, several applications of biosurfactants with medical purposes have been reported. Biosurfactants are considered relevant molecules for applications in combating many diseases and as therapeutic agents due to their antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activities. Furthermore, their role as anti-adhesive agents against several pathogens illustrate their utility as suitable anti-adhesive coating agents for medical insertional materials leading to a reduction of a large number of hospital infections without the use of synthetic drugs and chemicals. Biomedical and therapeutic perspectives of biosurfactants applications are presented and discussed in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lígia R Rodrigues
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
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Rodrigues L, Banat IM, Teixeira J, Oliveira R. Biosurfactants: potential applications in medicine. J Antimicrob Chemother 2006; 57:609-18. [PMID: 16469849 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkl024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 483] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The use and potential commercial application of biosurfactants in the medical field has increased during the past decade. Their antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activities make them relevant molecules for applications in combating many diseases and as therapeutic agents. In addition, their role as anti-adhesive agents against several pathogens indicates their utility as suitable anti-adhesive coating agents for medical insertional materials leading to a reduction in a large number of hospital infections without the use of synthetic drugs and chemicals. This review looks at medicinal and therapeutic perspectives on biosurfactant applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lígia Rodrigues
- Centro de Engenharia Biológica, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal.
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Sobol' KV, Belostotskaia GB. The influence of a probiotic product on PC-12 cell differentiation. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2005; 403:237-40. [PMID: 16358559 DOI: 10.1007/s10630-005-0098-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K V Sobol'
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Morisa Toreza 44, St. Petersburg, 194223 Russia
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Calcium Signalling in Rat Brain Neurons and Differentiation of PC-12 Cells Induced by Application of a Probiotic Product. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-005-0072-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kitamoto D, Isoda H, Nakahara T. Functions and potential applications of glycolipid biosurfactants — from energy-saving materials to gene delivery carriers —. J Biosci Bioeng 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(02)80149-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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KITAMOTO D. New Findings on glycolipid biosurfactants ranging from biologically active compounds to energy-saving materials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.5650/oleoscience.1.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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