1
|
Lindsey CR, Knoll AH, Herron MD, Rosenzweig F. Fossil-calibrated molecular clock data enable reconstruction of steps leading to differentiated multicellularity and anisogamy in the Volvocine algae. BMC Biol 2024; 22:79. [PMID: 38600528 PMCID: PMC11007952 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01878-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Throughout its nearly four-billion-year history, life has undergone evolutionary transitions in which simpler subunits have become integrated to form a more complex whole. Many of these transitions opened the door to innovations that resulted in increased biodiversity and/or organismal efficiency. The evolution of multicellularity from unicellular forms represents one such transition, one that paved the way for cellular differentiation, including differentiation of male and female gametes. A useful model for studying the evolution of multicellularity and cellular differentiation is the volvocine algae, a clade of freshwater green algae whose members range from unicellular to colonial, from undifferentiated to completely differentiated, and whose gamete types can be isogamous, anisogamous, or oogamous. To better understand how multicellularity, differentiation, and gametes evolved in this group, we used comparative genomics and fossil data to establish a geologically calibrated roadmap of when these innovations occurred. RESULTS Our ancestral-state reconstructions, show that multicellularity arose independently twice in the volvocine algae. Our chronograms indicate multicellularity evolved during the Carboniferous-Triassic periods in Goniaceae + Volvocaceae, and possibly as early as the Cretaceous in Tetrabaenaceae. Using divergence time estimates we inferred when, and in what order, specific developmental changes occurred that led to differentiated multicellularity and oogamy. We find that in the volvocine algae the temporal sequence of developmental changes leading to differentiated multicellularity is much as proposed by David Kirk, and that multicellularity is correlated with the acquisition of anisogamy and oogamy. Lastly, morphological, molecular, and divergence time data suggest the possibility of cryptic species in Tetrabaenaceae. CONCLUSIONS Large molecular datasets and robust phylogenetic methods are bringing the evolutionary history of the volvocine algae more sharply into focus. Mounting evidence suggests that extant species in this group are the result of two independent origins of multicellularity and multiple independent origins of cell differentiation. Also, the origin of the Tetrabaenaceae-Goniaceae-Volvocaceae clade may be much older than previously thought. Finally, the possibility of cryptic species in the Tetrabaenaceae provides an exciting opportunity to study the recent divergence of lineages adapted to live in very different thermal environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Ross Lindsey
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Andrew H Knoll
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford St., Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Matthew D Herron
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Frank Rosenzweig
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fabisiak A, Brzeminski P, Sicinski RR, Rochel N, Maj E, Filip-Psurska B, Wietrzyk J, Plum LA, DeLuca HF. Design, synthesis, and biological activity of D-bishomo-1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 analogs and their crystal structures with the vitamin D nuclear receptor. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 271:116403. [PMID: 38615411 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The biologically active metabolite of vitamin D3 - calcitriol - is a hormone involved in the regulation of calcium-phosphate homeostasis, immunological processes and cell differentiation, being therefore essential for the proper functioning of the human body. This suggests many applications of this steroid in the treatment of diseases such as rickets, psoriasis and some cancers. Unfortunately, using therapeutic doses of calcitriol is associated with high concentrations of this compound which causes hypercalcemia. For this reason, new calcitriol analogs are constantly sought, devoid of calcemic effects but maintaining its beneficial properties. In this study, we present the synthesis of vitamin D derivatives characterized by an enlarged (seven-membered) ring D. Preparation of the designed vitamin D compounds required separate syntheses of crucial building blocks (C/D-rings fragments with side chain and rings A) which were combined by different methods, including Wittig-Horner reaction and Suzuki coupling. Biological activities of the target vitamin D analogs were assessed both in vitro and in vivo, demonstrating their significant potency compared to the natural hormone. Furthermore, the successful crystallization of these compounds with the vitamin D receptor (VDR) enabled us to investigate additional molecular interactions with this protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Fabisiak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Pawel Brzeminski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafal R Sicinski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natacha Rochel
- Department of Integrative Structural Biology, IGBMC - Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U1258, 67400, Illkirch, France
| | - Ewa Maj
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Rudolf Weigl Street, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Beata Filip-Psurska
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Rudolf Weigl Street, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Wietrzyk
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Rudolf Weigl Street, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Lori A Plum
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Hector F DeLuca
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
García-Recio E, Costela-Ruiz VJ, Melguizo-Rodríguez L, Ramos-Torrecillas J, Illescas-Montes R, De Luna-Bertos E, Ruiz C. Effects of bisphenol F, bisphenol S, and bisphenol AF on cultured human osteoblasts. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:1899-1905. [PMID: 37198449 PMCID: PMC10256648 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03523-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) analogs, like BPA, could have adverse effects on human health including bone health. The aim was to determine the effect of BPF, BPS and BPAF on the growth and differentiation of cultured human osteoblasts. Osteoblasts primary culture from bone chips harvested during routine dental work and treated with BPF, BPS, or BPAF for 24 h at doses of 10-5, 10-6, and 10-7 M. Next, cell proliferation was studied, apoptosis induction, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. In addition, mineralization was evaluated at 7, 14, and 21 days of cell culture in an osteogenic medium supplemented with BP analog at the studied doses. BPS treatment inhibited proliferation in a dose-dependent manner at all three doses by inducing apoptosis; BPF exerted a significant inhibitory effect on cell proliferation at the highest dose alone by an increase of apoptosis; while BPAF had no effect on proliferation or cell viability. Cell differentiation was adversely affected by treatment with BPA analogs in a dose-dependent, observing a reduction in calcium nodule formation at 21 days. According to the results obtained, these BPA analogs could potentially pose a threat to bone health, depending on their concentration in the organism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E García-Recio
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Ilustración 60, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Biosanitary Research, ibs.Granada, Avda. de Madrid, 15 Pabellón de Consultas Externas, 2ª Planta, 18012, Granada, Spain
| | - V J Costela-Ruiz
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Ilustración 60, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Biosanitary Research, ibs.Granada, Avda. de Madrid, 15 Pabellón de Consultas Externas, 2ª Planta, 18012, Granada, Spain
| | - L Melguizo-Rodríguez
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Ilustración 60, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Biosanitary Research, ibs.Granada, Avda. de Madrid, 15 Pabellón de Consultas Externas, 2ª Planta, 18012, Granada, Spain
| | - J Ramos-Torrecillas
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Ilustración 60, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Biosanitary Research, ibs.Granada, Avda. de Madrid, 15 Pabellón de Consultas Externas, 2ª Planta, 18012, Granada, Spain
| | - R Illescas-Montes
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Ilustración 60, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Biosanitary Research, ibs.Granada, Avda. de Madrid, 15 Pabellón de Consultas Externas, 2ª Planta, 18012, Granada, Spain
| | - E De Luna-Bertos
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Ilustración 60, 18016, Granada, Spain.
- Institute of Biosanitary Research, ibs.Granada, Avda. de Madrid, 15 Pabellón de Consultas Externas, 2ª Planta, 18012, Granada, Spain.
| | - C Ruiz
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Ilustración 60, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Biosanitary Research, ibs.Granada, Avda. de Madrid, 15 Pabellón de Consultas Externas, 2ª Planta, 18012, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Marsico TV, Valente RS, Annes K, Oliveira AM, Silva MV, Sudano MJ. Species-specific molecular differentiation of embryonic inner cell mass and trophectoderm: A systematic review. Anim Reprod Sci 2023; 252:107229. [PMID: 37079996 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2023.107229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
A wide-ranging review study regarding the molecular characterization of the first cell lineages of the developmental embryo is lacking, especially for the primary events during earliest differentiation which leads to the determination of cellular fate. Here, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. MEDLINE-PubMed was searched based on an established search strategy through April 2021. Thirty-six studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria were subjected to qualitative and quantitative analysis. Among the studies, 50 % (18/36) used mice as an animal model, 22.2 % (8/36) pigs, 16.7 % (6/36) cattle, 5.5 % (2/36) humans, and 2.8 % (1/36) goats as well as 2.8 % (1/36) equine. Our results demonstrated that each of the first cell lineages of embryos requires a certain pattern of expression to establish the cellular determination of fate. Moreover, these patterns are shared by many species, particularly for those molecules that have already been identified in the literature as biomarkers. In conclusion, the present study integrated carefully chosen studies regarding embryonic development and first cellular decisions in mammalian species and summarized the information about the differential characterization of the first cell lineages and their possible relationship with specific gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kelly Annes
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Mara Viana Silva
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Mateus José Sudano
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil; Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shah PP, Keough KC, Gjoni K, Santini GT, Abdill RJ, Wickramasinghe NM, Dundes CE, Karnay A, Chen A, Salomon REA, Walsh PJ, Nguyen SC, Whalen S, Joyce EF, Loh KM, Dubois N, Pollard KS, Jain R. An atlas of lamina-associated chromatin across twelve human cell types reveals an intermediate chromatin subtype. Genome Biol 2023; 24:16. [PMID: 36691074 PMCID: PMC9869549 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-023-02849-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Association of chromatin with lamin proteins at the nuclear periphery has emerged as a potential mechanism to coordinate cell type-specific gene expression and maintain cellular identity via gene silencing. Unlike many histone modifications and chromatin-associated proteins, lamina-associated domains (LADs) are mapped genome-wide in relatively few genetically normal human cell types, which limits our understanding of the role peripheral chromatin plays in development and disease. RESULTS To address this gap, we map LAMIN B1 occupancy across twelve human cell types encompassing pluripotent stem cells, intermediate progenitors, and differentiated cells from all three germ layers. Integrative analyses of this atlas with gene expression and repressive histone modification maps reveal that lamina-associated chromatin in all twelve cell types is organized into at least two subtypes defined by differences in LAMIN B1 occupancy, gene expression, chromatin accessibility, transposable elements, replication timing, and radial positioning. Imaging of fluorescently labeled DNA in single cells validates these subtypes and shows radial positioning of LADs with higher LAMIN B1 occupancy and heterochromatic histone modifications primarily embedded within the lamina. In contrast, the second subtype of lamina-associated chromatin is relatively gene dense, accessible, dynamic across development, and positioned adjacent to the lamina. Most genes gain or lose LAMIN B1 occupancy consistent with cell types along developmental trajectories; however, we also identify examples where the enhancer, but not the gene body and promoter, changes LAD state. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, this atlas represents the largest resource to date for peripheral chromatin organization studies and reveals an intermediate chromatin subtype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parisha P. Shah
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn CVI, Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Smilow TRC, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Kathleen C. Keough
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811University of California, San Francisco, CA 94117 USA ,grid.249878.80000 0004 0572 7110Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Ketrin Gjoni
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811University of California, San Francisco, CA 94117 USA ,grid.249878.80000 0004 0572 7110Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Garrett T. Santini
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn CVI, Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Smilow TRC, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Richard J. Abdill
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn CVI, Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Smilow TRC, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Nadeera M. Wickramasinghe
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Carolyn E. Dundes
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Developmental Biology and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Ashley Karnay
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn CVI, Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Smilow TRC, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Angela Chen
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Developmental Biology and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Rachel E. A. Salomon
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Developmental Biology and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Patrick J. Walsh
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Genetics, Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Son C. Nguyen
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Genetics, Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Sean Whalen
- grid.249878.80000 0004 0572 7110Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Eric F. Joyce
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Genetics, Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Kyle M. Loh
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Developmental Biology and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Nicole Dubois
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Katherine S. Pollard
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811University of California, San Francisco, CA 94117 USA ,grid.249878.80000 0004 0572 7110Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA ,grid.499295.a0000 0004 9234 0175Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Rajan Jain
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn CVI, Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Smilow TRC, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA ,Smilow TRC, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gan Y, Wang H, Du L, Li K, Qu Q, Liu W, Sun P, Fan Z, Wang J, Chen R, Hu Z, Miao Y. Cellular Heterogeneity Facilitates the Functional Differences Between Hair Follicle Dermal Sheath Cells and Dermal Papilla Cells: A New Classification System for Mesenchymal Cells within the Hair Follicle Niche. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022. [PMID: 35849252 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10411-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known for their self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation potential, with these cells often being evaluated in the regulation and maintenance of specific cellular niches including those of the hair follicle. Most mesenchymal stem cells in the hair follicles are housed in the dermal papilla (DP) and dermal sheath (DS), with both niches characterized by a broad variety of cellular subsets. However, while most previous studies describing the hair follicle mesenchymal niche treated all DP and DS cells as Hair Follicle Mesenchymal Stem Cells (HF-MSCs), the high number of cellular subsets would suggest that these cells are actually too heterogenous for such a broad definition. Given this we designed this study to evaluate the differentiation processes in these cells and used this data to create a new set of classifications for DP and DS cells, dividing them into "hair follicle mesenchymal stem cells (HF-MSCs)", "hair follicle mesenchymal progenitor cells (HF-MPCs)", and "hair follicle mesenchymal functional cells (HF-MFCs)". In addition, those cells that possess self-renewal and differentiation were re-named hair follicle derived mesenchymal multipotent cells (HF-MMCs). This new classification may help to further our understanding of the heterogeneity of hair follicle dermal cells and provide new insights into their evaluation.
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
The road to discover novel therapeutics for mental and neurological disorders has been severely hampered by the lack of access to relevant testing platforms. Currently, roughly 0.1% of drugs that show promise in preclinical testing make it to Phase I clinical trials, and 90% of those drugs go on to fail FDA approval. One of the reasons responsible for this low success rate is that conventional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture models are not accurate enough predictors of how drugs will work in humans. Three-dimensional (3D) brain organoids differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to resemble specific parts of the human brain, which include architecture composition and physiology, can provide an alternative system that may lead to breakthroughs in key areas of drug testing and toxicological evaluation. Having reliable and scalable iPSC-derived brain organoid models that can much more accurately predict human drug responses will significantly increase success rate in developing treatments for brain-related disorders.
Collapse
|
8
|
Pi G, Song W, Wu Z, Li Y, Yang H. Comparison of expression profiles between undifferentiated and differentiated porcine IPEC-J2 cells. Porcine Health Manag 2022; 8:4. [PMID: 35000622 PMCID: PMC8744309 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-022-00247-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intestinal porcine enterocyte cell line (IPEC-J2) is a well-established model to study porcine intestinal physiology. IPEC-J2 cells undergo spontaneous differentiation during culture while changes in expression patterns of differentiated IPEC-J2 remain unclear. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the expression profiles of IPEC-J2 cells at the transcriptional level. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs), enriched pathways and potential key genes were identified. Alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and percentages of apoptotic cells were also measured. RESULTS Overall, a total of 988 DEGs were identified, including 704 up-regulated and 284 down-regulated genes. GO analysis revealed that epithelial cell differentiation, apoptotic signaling pathway, regulation of cytokine production and immune system process, regulation of cell death and proliferation, cell junction complexes, and kinase binding were enriched significantly. Consistently, KEGG, REACTOME, and CORUM analysis indicated that cytokine responses modulation may be involved in IPEC-J2 differentiation. Moreover, AKP activity, a recognized marker of enterocyte differentiation, was significantly increased in IPEC-J2 after 14 days of culture. Meanwhile, annexin V-FITC/PI assay demonstrated a remarkable increase in apoptotic cells after 14 days of culture. Additionally, 10 hub genes were extracted, and STAT1, AKT3, and VEGFA were speculated to play roles in IPEC-J2 differentiation. CONCLUSIONS These findings may contribute to the molecular characterization of IPEC-J2, and may progress the understanding of cellular differentiation of swine intestinal epithelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guolin Pi
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Hunan Normal University, No. 36 Lushan Road, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Wenxin Song
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Hunan Normal University, No. 36 Lushan Road, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Zijuan Wu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Hunan Normal University, No. 36 Lushan Road, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Yali Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Hunan Normal University, No. 36 Lushan Road, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China.
| | - Huansheng Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Hunan Normal University, No. 36 Lushan Road, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pérez-Arana GM, Gómez AD, de Los Reyes JB, Camacho-Ramírez A, Fernández-Vivero J, Ribelles-García A, Almorza-Gomar D, Carrasco-Molinillo C, Mateo-Gavira I, Prada-Oliveira JA. The long-term failure of RYGB surgery in improving T2DM is related to hyperinsulinism. Ann Anat 2021; 240:151855. [PMID: 34785322 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2021.151855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is the gold standard method for bariatric surgery and leads to substantial improvements in Type 2 Diabetes mellitus. However, many patients experience relapses in diabetes five years after undergoing this aggressive surgical procedure. We focus on beta-cell population changes and absorptive intestinal consequences after RYGB in a healthy nonobese animal model after a long survival period. METHODS For our purpose, we use three groups of Wistar rats: RYGB-operated, surgical control (Sham) and fasting control. We measure alpha-, beta-cell mass; transcription (Arx, and Pdx-1) and proliferation (Ki67) factors; glucose tolerance and insulin release after oral glucose tests; histological adaptive changes in the jejunum; and intestinal glucose transporters. RESULTS Our results showed an early increase in insulin secretion after surgery, that decrease at the end of the study. The beta-cell mass reduces twenty-four weeks after RYGB, which coincides with decrease of Pdx-1 transcription promoter factor. These was coincident with an increase in alpha-mass and a high expression of Arx in RYGB group. CONCLUSIONS The analysis of all data showed beta-cell mass transdifferentiation into alpha-cell mass in RYGB rats. Due to long-term exhaustion of the beta-cell population by hyperinsulinism derived from digestive tract adaptation to surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo-Martín Pérez-Arana
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cadiz, Spain; Asociación Gaditana de Apoyo al Investigador (AGAI) Cádiz, Spain; Institute for Bi omedical Science Research and Innovation (INIBICA) University of Cadiz, Spain.
| | | | | | | | - José Fernández-Vivero
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cadiz, Spain
| | | | - David Almorza-Gomar
- Complejo Hospitalario de Badajoz, Servicio Extremeño de Salud, Spain; Operative Statistic and Research Department, University of Cádiz, Spain
| | | | - Isabel Mateo-Gavira
- Institute for Bi omedical Science Research and Innovation (INIBICA) University of Cadiz, Spain; Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Puerta del Mar Universitary Hospital, University of Cadiz, Spain
| | - José-Arturo Prada-Oliveira
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cadiz, Spain; Asociación Gaditana de Apoyo al Investigador (AGAI) Cádiz, Spain; Institute for Bi omedical Science Research and Innovation (INIBICA) University of Cadiz, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fransen LFH, Leonard MO. Small Airway Susceptibility to Chemical and Particle Injury. Respiration 2021; 101:321-333. [PMID: 34649249 DOI: 10.1159/000519344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Small airways (SA) in humans are commonly defined as those conducting airways <2 mm in diameter. They are susceptible to particle- and chemical-induced injury and play a major role in the development of airway disease such as COPD and asthma. Susceptibility to injury can be attributed in part to structural features including airflow dynamics and tissue architecture, but recent evidence may indicate a more prominent role for cellular composition in directing toxicological responses. Animal studies support the hypothesis that inherent cellular differences across the tracheobronchial tree, including metabolic CYP450 expression in the distal conducting airways, can influence SA susceptibility to injury. Currently, there is insufficient information in humans to make similar conclusions, prompting further necessary work in this area. An understanding of why the SA are more susceptible to certain chemical and particle exposures than other airway regions is fundamental to our ability to identify hazardous materials, their properties, and accompanying exposure scenarios that compromise lung function. It is also important for the ability to develop appropriate models for toxicity testing. Moreover, it is central to our understanding of SA disease aetiology and how interventional strategies for treatment may be developed. In this review, we will document the structural and cellular airway regional differences that are likely to influence airway susceptibility to injury, including the role of secretory club cells. We will also describe recent advances in single-cell sequencing of human airways, which have provided unprecedented details of cell phenotype, likely to impact airway chemical and particle injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Oliver Leonard
- Toxicology Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Didcot, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ralbovsky NM, Dey P, Dey BK, Lednev IK. Determining the stages of cellular differentiation using deep ultraviolet resonance Raman spectroscopy. Talanta 2021; 227:122164. [PMID: 33714467 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cellular differentiation is a fundamental process in which one cell type changes into one or more specialized cell types. Cellular differentiation starts at the beginning of embryonic development when a simple zygote begins to transform into a complex multicellular organism composed of various cell and tissue types. This process continues into adulthood when adult stem cells differentiate into more specialized cells for normal growth, regeneration, repair, and cellular turnover. Any abnormalities associated with this fundamental process of cellular differentiation are linked to life-threatening conditions, including degenerative diseases and cancers. Detection of undifferentiated and different stages of differentiated cells can be used for disease diagnosis but is often challenging due to the laborious procedures, expensive tools, and specialized technical skills which are required. Here, a novel approach, called deep ultraviolet resonance Raman spectroscopy, is used to study various stages of cellular differentiation using a well-known myoblast cell line as a model system. These cells proliferate in the growth medium and spontaneously differentiate in differentiation medium into myocytes and later into myotubes. The cellular and molecular characteristics of these cells mimic very well actual muscle tissue in vivo. We have found that undifferentiated myoblast cells and myoblast cells differentiated at three different stages are able to be easily separated using deep ultraviolet resonance Raman spectroscopy in combination with chemometric techniques. Our study has a great potential to study cellular differentiation during normal development as well as to detect abnormal cellular differentiation in human pathological conditions in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Ralbovsky
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, SUNY, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY, 12222, USA; The RNA Institute, University at Albany, SUNY, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Paromita Dey
- The RNA Institute, University at Albany, SUNY, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Bijan K Dey
- The RNA Institute, University at Albany, SUNY, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY, 12222, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, SUNY, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY, 12222, USA.
| | - Igor K Lednev
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, SUNY, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY, 12222, USA; The RNA Institute, University at Albany, SUNY, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY, 12222, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, SUNY, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY, 12222, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kurdi BA, Ababneh NA, Abuharfeil N, Al Demour S, Awidi AS. Use of conditioned media (CM) and xeno-free serum substitute on human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) differentiation into urothelial-like cells. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10890. [PMID: 33850639 PMCID: PMC8019311 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Congenital abnormalities, cancers as well as injuries can cause irreversible damage to the urinary tract, which eventually requires tissue reconstruction. Smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and urothelial cells are the major cell types required for the reconstruction of lower urinary tract. Adult stem cells represent an accessible source of unlimited repertoire of untransformed cells. Aim Fetal bovine serum (FBS) is the most vital supplement in the culture media used for cellular proliferation and differentiation. However, due to the increasing interest in manufacturing xeno-free stem cell-based cellular products, optimizing the composition of the culture media and the serum-type used is of paramount importance. In this study, the effects of FBS and pooled human platelet (pHPL) lysate were assessed on the capacity of human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) to differentiate into urothelial-like cells. Also, we aimed to compare the ability of both conditioned media (CM) and unconditioned urothelial cell media (UCM) to induce urothelial differentiation of ADCS in vitro. Methods ADSCs were isolated from human lipoaspirates and characterized by flow cytometry for their ability to express the most common mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) markers. The differentiation potential was also assessed by differentiating them into osteogenic and adipogenic cell lineages. To evaluate the capacity of ADSCs to differentiate towards the urothelial-like lineage, cells were cultured with either CM or UCM, supplemented with either 5% pHPL, 2.5% pHPL or 10% FBS. After 14 days of induction, cells were utilized for gene expression and immunofluorescence analysis. Results ADSCs cultured in CM and supplemented with FBS exhibited the highest upregulation levels of the urothelial cell markers; cytokeratin-18 (CK-18), cytokeratin-19 (CK-19), and Uroplakin-2 (UPK-2), with a 6.7, 4.2- and a 2-folds increase in gene expression, respectively. Meanwhile, the use of CM supplemented with either 5% pHPL or 2.5% pHPL, and UCM supplemented with either 5% pHPL or 2.5% pHPL showed low expression levels of CK-18 and CK-19 and no upregulation of UPK-2 level was observed. In contrast, the use of UCM with FBS has increased the levels of CK-18 and CK-19, however to a lesser extent compared to CM. At the cellular level, CK-18 and UPK-2 were only detected in CM/FBS supplemented group. Growth factor analysis revealed an increase in the expression levels of EGF, VEGF and PDGF in all of the differentiated groups. Conclusion Efficient ADSCs urothelial differentiation is dependent on the use of conditioned media. The presence of high concentrations of proliferation-inducing growth factors present in the pHPL reduces the efficiency of ADSCs differentiation towards the urothelial lineage. Additionally, the increase in EGF, VEGF and PDGF during the differentiation implicates them in the mechanism of urothelial cell differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ban Al- Kurdi
- Cell Therapy Center, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Nizar Abuharfeil
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Saddam Al Demour
- Department of Urology, School of medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Abdalla S Awidi
- Cell Therapy Center, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bancalero-delosReyes J, Camacho-Ramírez A, Fernández-Vivero J, Ribelles-García A, Macías-Rodríguez M, Almorza-Gomar D, Carrasco-Molinillo C, Mayo-Ossorio MÁ, Prada-Oliveira JA, Perez-Arana GM. Glucagon-Producing Cell Expansion in Wistar Rats. Changes to Islet Architecture After Sleeve Gastrectomy. Obes Surg 2021; 31:2241-9. [PMID: 33619692 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-021-05264-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Many studies about bariatric surgery have analyzed the effect of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) on glucose improvement, beta-cell mass, and islet size modification. The effects of SG on the other endocrine cells of the pancreas, such as the alpha-cell population, and their regulatory mechanisms remain less studied. Materials and Methods We focused our work on the changes in the alpha-cell population after SG in a healthy model of Wistar rats. We measured alpha-cell mass, glucose tolerance, and insulin release after oral glucose tolerance tests and plasma glucagon secretion patterns after insulin infusion. Three Wistar rat groups were employed: SG-operated, surgical control (Sham), and fasting control. Results The results obtained showed significant increases in the alpha-cell population after SG. The result was an increase in beta-cell transdifferentiation; it was shown by some expressed molecules (the loss of expression of Pdx-1 and the increase in Arx and Pax6 cells/mm2 of islet). The serum results were enhanced plasma glucagon secretion pattern after insulin infusion assays and normal glucose tolerance and insulin release after OGTT. Conclusion We concluded that SG leads to an expansion of the alpha-cell population, at expense of beta-cell; this expansion of alpha-cells is related to transdifferentiation. Plasma glucose level was not affected due to an increased glucagon response.
Collapse
|
14
|
Camacho-Cardenosa M, Quesada-Gómez JM, Camacho-Cardenosa A, Leal A, Dorado G, Torrecillas-Baena B, Casado-Díaz A. Effects of normobaric cyclic hypoxia exposure on mesenchymal stem-cell differentiation-pilot study on bone parameters in elderly. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:1667-1690. [PMID: 33505607 PMCID: PMC7789125 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i12.1667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) of bone marrow are the progenitor of osteoblasts and adipocytes. MSC tend to differentiate into adipocytes, instead of osteoblasts, with aging. This favors the loss of bone mass and development of osteoporosis. Hypoxia induces hypoxia inducible factor 1α gene encoding transcription factor, which regulates the expression of genes related to energy metabolism and angiogenesis. That allows a better adaptation to low O2 conditions. Sustained hypoxia has negative effects on bone metabolism, favoring bone resorption. Yet, surprisingly, cyclic hypoxia (CH), short times of hypoxia followed by long times in normoxia, can modulate MSC differentiation and improve bone health in aging. AIM To evaluate the CH effect on MSC differentiation, and whether it improves bone mineral density in elderly. METHODS MSC cultures were induced to differentiate into osteoblasts or adipocytes, in CH (3% O2 for 1, 2 or 4 h, 4 d a week). Extracellular-matrix mineralization and lipid-droplet formation were studied in MSC induced to differentiate into osteoblast or adipocytes, respectively. In addition, gene expression of marker genes, for osteogenesis or adipogenesis, have been quantified by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction. The in vivo studies with elderly (> 75 years old; n = 10) were carried out in a hypoxia chamber, simulating an altitude of 2500 m above sea level, or in normoxia, for 18 wk (36 CH sessions of 16 min each). Percentages of fat mass and bone mineral density from whole body, trunk and right proximal femur (femoral, femoral neck and trochanter) were assessed, using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS CH (4 h of hypoxic exposure) inhibited extracellular matrix mineralization and lipid-droplet formation in MSC induced to differentiate into osteoblasts or adipocytes, respectively. However, both parameters were not significantly affected by the other shorter hypoxia times assessed. The longest periods of hypoxia downregulated the expression of genes related to extracellular matrix formation, in MSC induced to differentiate into osteoblasts. Interestingly, osteocalcin (associated to energy metabolism) was upregulated. Vascular endothelial growth factor an expression and low-density lipoprotein receptor related protein 5/6/dickkopf Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor 1 (associated to Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation) increased in osteoblasts. Yet, they decreased in adipocytes after CH treatments, mainly with the longest hypoxia times. However, the same CH treatments increased the osteoprotegerin/receptor activator for nuclear factor kappa B ligand ratio in both cell types. An increase in total bone mineral density was observed in elderly people exposed to CH, but not in specific regions. The percentage of fat did not vary between groups. CONCLUSION CH may have positive effects on bone health in the elderly, due to its possible inhibitory effect on bone resorption, by increasing the osteoprotegerin / receptor activator for nuclear factor kappa B ligand ratio.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - José Manuel Quesada-Gómez
- CIBER De Fragilidad Y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Unidad De Gestión Clínica De Endocrinología Y Nutrición, Instituto Maimónides De Investigación Biomédica De Córdoba, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba 14004, Spain
| | | | - Alejo Leal
- Servicio de Traumatología, Hospital de Cáceres, Cáceres 10004, Spain
| | - Gabriel Dorado
- Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus Rabanales C6-1-E17, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba-CIBERFES, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Bárbara Torrecillas-Baena
- CIBER De Fragilidad Y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Unidad De Gestión Clínica De Endocrinología Y Nutrición, Instituto Maimónides De Investigación Biomédica De Córdoba, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba 14004, Spain
| | - Antonio Casado-Díaz
- CIBER De Fragilidad Y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Unidad De Gestión Clínica De Endocrinología Y Nutrición, Instituto Maimónides De Investigación Biomédica De Córdoba, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba 14004, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rossi F, Noren H, Jove R, Beljanski V, Grinnemo KH. Differences and similarities between cancer and somatic stem cells: therapeutic implications. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:489. [PMID: 33208173 PMCID: PMC7672862 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02018-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, the cancer survival rate has increased due to personalized therapies, the discovery of targeted therapeutics and novel biological agents, and the application of palliative treatments. Despite these advances, tumor resistance to chemotherapy and radiation and rapid progression to metastatic disease are still seen in many patients. Evidence has shown that cancer stem cells (CSCs), a sub-population of cells that share many common characteristics with somatic stem cells (SSCs), contribute to this therapeutic failure. The most critical properties of CSCs are their self-renewal ability and their capacity for differentiation into heterogeneous populations of cancer cells. Although CSCs only constitute a low percentage of the total tumor mass, these cells can regrow the tumor mass on their own. Initially identified in leukemia, CSCs have subsequently been found in cancers of the breast, the colon, the pancreas, and the brain. Common genetic and phenotypic features found in both SSCs and CSCs, including upregulated signaling pathways such as Notch, Wnt, Hedgehog, and TGF-β. These pathways play fundamental roles in the development as well as in the control of cell survival and cell fate and are relevant to therapeutic targeting of CSCs. The differences in the expression of membrane proteins and exosome-delivered microRNAs between SSCs and CSCs are also important to specifically target the stem cells of the cancer. Further research efforts should be directed toward elucidation of the fundamental differences between SSCs and CSCs to improve existing therapies and generate new clinically relevant cancer treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella Rossi
- NSU Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, 3301 College Ave, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328, USA
| | - Hunter Noren
- NSU Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, 3301 College Ave, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328, USA
| | - Richard Jove
- NSU Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, 3301 College Ave, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328, USA
| | - Vladimir Beljanski
- NSU Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, 3301 College Ave, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328, USA.
| | - Karl-Henrik Grinnemo
- NSU Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, 3301 College Ave, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328, USA. .,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Surgical Sciences, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anaesthesiology, Uppsala University, Akademiska University Hospital, Akademiska sjukhuset, ingång 50, 4 tr, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Coelho ALS, Feuser PE, Carciofi BAM, de Oliveira D, de Andrade CJ. Biological activity of mannosylerythritol lipids on the mammalian cells. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:8595-8605. [PMID: 32875366 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10857-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mannosylerythritol lipids (MEL) are glycolipids mainly produced by pseudo-yeasts. These molecules present remarkable biological activities widely explored in many fields, including medicine, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. This review presents the main biological activity of MEL on the HL60, K562, B16, PC12, and skin cells. There is strong evidence that MEL changes the levels of glycosphingolipids of HL-60 lineage, which induce differentiation into granulocytic cells. Regarding B16 cells, MEL can trigger both apoptosis (10 μM) and cell differentiation (5 μM), in which the MEL concentration is related to each metabolic pathway. MEL can also trigger differentiation in PC12 cells due to the increase in the GalCer content. In this specific case, the effects are transient, and the differentiated cells are unstable and tend to apoptosis. MEL-B can particularly maintain skin hydration and moisture due to their self-assembled structures that resemble the tissue cells. Moreover, MEL-B repair aquaporin expression in the HaCaT keratinocytes damaged with UVA irradiation, whereas MEL-C suppresses the expression of COX-2 protein in fibroblasts, indicating that these glycolipids activate the cellular antioxidant mechanism. Recent findings denoted the anti-melanogenic activity of MEL since they suppress tyrosinase enzyme at mRNA levels in B16 and NHMs cells. MEL act effectively on mammalian cells; however, there is no clear pattern of their metabolic effects. Also, gene expression levels seem to be related to two main factors: chemical structure and concentration. However, the specific signaling cascades that are induced by MEL remain inconclusive. Thus, further investigations are vital to understanding these mechanisms clearly. KEY POINTS: • The four MEL homologs promote different biological responses in mammalian cells. • MEL modifies the pattern of glycosphingolipids in the plasma membrane of tumor cells. • Activation/deactivation of phosphorylation of serine/threonine kinase proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Letícia Silva Coelho
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo Emilio Feuser
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Bruno Augusto Mattar Carciofi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Débora de Oliveira
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Cristiano José de Andrade
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bodmer WF, Crouch DJM. Somatic selection of poorly differentiating variant stem cell clones could be a key to human ageing. J Theor Biol 2020; 489:110153. [PMID: 31935413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2020.110153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Any replicating system in which heritable variants with differing replicative potentials can arise is subject to a Darwinian evolutionary process. The continually replicating adult tissue stem cells that control the integrity of many tissues of long-lived, multicellular, complex vertebrate organisms, including humans, constitute such a replicating system. Our suggestion is that somatic selection for mutations (or stable epigenetic changes) that cause an increased rate of adult tissue stem cell proliferation, and their long-term persistence, at the expense of normal differentiation, is a major key to the ageing process. Once an organism has passed the reproductive age, there is no longer any significant counterselection at the organismal level to this inevitable cellular level Darwinian process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walter F Bodmer
- Department of Oncology, Cancer and Immunogenetics Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Daniel J M Crouch
- JDRF/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Old Road Campus, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang CX, Ge XY, Wang MY, Ma T, Zhang Y, Lin Y. Dopamine D1 receptor-mediated activation of the ERK signaling pathway is involved in the osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:12. [PMID: 31900224 PMCID: PMC6942280 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1529-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) is regulated by numerous signaling pathways. Dopamine (DA), a neurotransmitter, has previously been demonstrated to induce new bone formation by stimulating the receptors on BMSCs, but the essential mediators of DA-induced osteogenic signaling remain unclear. METHODS In this work, we evaluated the influence of both dopamine D1 and D2 receptor activation on BMSC osteogenic differentiation. Gene and protein expression of osteogenic-related markers were tested. The direct binding of transcriptional factor, Runx2, to those markers was also investigated. Additionally, cellular differentiation-associated signaling pathways were evaluated. RESULTS We showed that the expression level of the D1 receptor on BMSCs increased during osteogenic differentiation. A D1 receptor agonist, similar to DA, induced the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, and this phenomenon was effectively inhibited by a D1 receptor antagonist or by D1 receptor knockdown. Furthermore, the suppression of protein kinase A (PKA), an important kinase downstream of the D1 receptor, successfully inhibited DA-induced BMSC osteogenic differentiation and decreased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2. Compared with P38, MAPK, and JNK, DA mainly induced the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and led to the upregulation of Runx2 transcriptional activity, thus facilitating BMSC osteogenic differentiation. On the other hand, an ERK1/2 inhibitor could reverse these effects. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results suggest that ERK signaling may play an essential role in coordinating the DA-induced osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by D1 receptor activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Xi Wang
- Department of Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Yuan Ge
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Yue Wang
- Department of Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Ma
- Department of Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ye Lin
- Department of Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Bacteria participate in a wide diversity of symbiotic associations with eukaryotic hosts that require precise interactions for bacterial recognition and persistence. Most commonly, host-associated bacteria interfere with host gene expression to modulate the immune response to the infection. However, many of these bacteria also interfere with host cellular differentiation pathways to create a hospitable niche, resulting in the formation of novel cell types, tissues, and organs. In both of these situations, bacterial symbionts must interact with eukaryotic regulatory pathways. Here, we detail what is known about how bacterial symbionts, from pathogens to mutualists, control host cellular differentiation across the central dogma, from epigenetic chromatin modifications, to transcription and mRNA processing, to translation and protein modifications. We identify four main trends from this survey. First, mechanisms for controlling host gene expression appear to evolve from symbionts co-opting cross-talk between host signaling pathways. Second, symbiont regulatory capacity is constrained by the processes that drive reductive genome evolution in host-associated bacteria. Third, the regulatory mechanisms symbionts exhibit correlate with the cost/benefit nature of the association. And, fourth, symbiont mechanisms for interacting with host genetic regulatory elements are not bound by native bacterial capabilities. Using this knowledge, we explore how the ubiquitous intracellular Wolbachia symbiont of arthropods and nematodes may modulate host cellular differentiation to manipulate host reproduction. Our survey of the literature on how infection alters gene expression in Wolbachia and its hosts revealed that, despite their intermediate-sized genomes, different strains appear capable of a wide diversity of regulatory manipulations. Given this and Wolbachia's diversity of phenotypes and eukaryotic-like proteins, we expect that many symbiont-induced host differentiation mechanisms will be discovered in this system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shelbi L Russell
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jara C, Oyarzun-Ampuero F, Carrión F, González-Echeverría E, Cappelli C, Caviedes P. Microencapsulation of cellular aggregates composed of differentiated insulin and glucagon-producing cells from human mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2020; 12:66. [PMID: 32774470 PMCID: PMC7409404 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-020-00573-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM) pancreatic β cells are destroyed. Treatment entails exogenous insulin administration and strict diet control, yet optimal glycemic control is hardly attainable. Islet transplant could be an alternative in patients with poor glycemic control, but inefficient islet purification and autoimmune response of patients is still a challenge. For these reasons, it is necessary to explore new cellular sources and immunological isolation methods oriented to develop T1DM cell-based therapies. AIMS We postulate human adipose-derived stem cell (hASC) as an adequate source to generate pancreatic islet cells in vitro, and to produce islet-like structures. Furthermore, we propose microencapsulation of these aggregates as an immunological isolation strategy. METHODS hASC obtained from lipoaspirated fat tissue from human donors were differentiated in vitro to insulin (Ins) and glucagon (Gcg) producing cells. Then, insulin producing cells (IPC) and glucagon producing cells (GPC) were cocultured in low adhesion conditions to form cellular aggregates, and later encapsulated in a sodium alginate polymer. Expression of pancreatic lineage markers and secretion of insulin or glucagon in vitro were analyzed. RESULTS The results show that multipotent hASC efficiently differentiate to IPC and GPC, and express pancreatic markers, including insulin or glucagon hormones which they secrete upon stimulation (fivefold for insulin in IPC, and fourfold for glucagon, compared to undifferentiated cells). In turn, calculation of the Feret diameter and area of cellular aggregates revealed mean diameters of ~ 80 µm, and 65% of the aggregates reached 4000 µm2 at 72 h of formation. IPC/GPC aggregates were then microencapsulated in sodium-alginate polymer microgels, which were found to be more stable when stabilized with Ba2+, yielding average diameters of ~ 300 µm. Interestingly, Ba2+-microencapsulated aggregates respond to high external glucose with insulin secretion. CONCLUSIONS The IPC/GPC differentiation process from hASC, followed by the generation of cellular aggregates that are later microencapsulated, could represent a possible treatment for T1DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Jara
- Programa de Farmacología Molecular y Clínica, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027., Casilla 7, Clasificador Nº 7, 8389100 Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Oyarzun-Ampuero
- Advanced Center of Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Depto. de Ciencias y Tecnología Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Flavio Carrión
- Programa de Inmunología Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Esteban González-Echeverría
- Programa de Farmacología Molecular y Clínica, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027., Casilla 7, Clasificador Nº 7, 8389100 Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Cappelli
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Pablo Caviedes
- Programa de Farmacología Molecular y Clínica, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027., Casilla 7, Clasificador Nº 7, 8389100 Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería (CeBiB), Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Biotecnología y Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Casado-Díaz A, Dorado G, Quesada-Gómez JM. Influence of olive oil and its components on mesenchymal stem cell biology. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:1045-1064. [PMID: 31875868 PMCID: PMC6904865 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i12.1045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extra virgin olive oil is characterized by its high content of unsaturated fatty acid residues in triglycerides, mainly oleic acid, and the presence of bioactive and antioxidant compounds. Its consumption is associated with lower risk of suffering chronic diseases and unwanted processes linked to aging, due to the antioxidant capacity and capability of its components to modulate cellular signaling pathways. Consumption of olive oil can alter the physiology of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). This may explain part of the healthy effects of olive oil consumption, such as prevention of unwanted aging processes. To date, there are no specific studies on the action of olive oil on MSCs, but effects of many components of such food on cell viability and differentiation have been evaluated. The objective of this article is to review existing literature on how different compounds of extra virgin olive oil, including residues of fatty acids, vitamins, squalene, triterpenes, pigments and phenols, affect MSC maintenance and differentiation, in order to provide a better understanding of the healthy effects of this food. Interestingly, most studies have shown a positive effect of these compounds on MSCs. The collective findings support the hypothesis that at least part of the beneficial effects of extra virgin olive oil consumption on health may be mediated by its effects on MSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Casado-Díaz
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba 14004, Spain
| | - Gabriel Dorado
- Departement Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus Rabanales C6-1-E17, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, CIBERFES, Córdoba 14071, Spain
| | - José Manuel Quesada-Gómez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba 14004, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bjorkman KK, Buvoli M, Pugach EK, Polmear MM, Leinwand LA. miR-1/206 downregulates splicing factor Srsf9 to promote C2C12 differentiation. Skelet Muscle 2019; 9:31. [PMID: 31791406 PMCID: PMC6888935 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-019-0211-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Myogenesis is driven by specific changes in the transcriptome that occur during the different stages of muscle differentiation. In addition to controlled transcriptional transitions, several other post-transcriptional mechanisms direct muscle differentiation. Both alternative splicing and miRNA activity regulate gene expression and production of specialized protein isoforms. Importantly, disruption of either process often results in severe phenotypes as reported for several muscle diseases. Thus, broadening our understanding of the post-transcriptional pathways that operate in muscles will lay the foundation for future therapeutic interventions. Methods We employed bioinformatics analysis in concert with the well-established C2C12 cell system for predicting and validating novel miR-1 and miR-206 targets engaged in muscle differentiation. We used reporter gene assays to test direct miRNA targeting and studied C2C12 cells stably expressing one of the cDNA candidates fused to a heterologous, miRNA-resistant 3′ UTR. We monitored effects on differentiation by measuring fusion index, myotube area, and myogenic gene expression during time course differentiation experiments. Results Gene ontology analysis revealed a strongly enriched set of putative miR-1 and miR-206 targets associated with RNA metabolism. Notably, the expression levels of several candidates decreased during C2C12 differentiation. We discovered that the splicing factor Srsf9 is a direct target of both miRNAs during myogenesis. Persistent Srsf9 expression during differentiation impaired myotube formation and blunted induction of the early pro-differentiation factor myogenin as well as the late differentiation marker sarcomeric myosin, Myh8. Conclusions Our data uncover novel miR-1 and miR-206 cellular targets and establish a functional link between the splicing factor Srsf9 and myoblast differentiation. The finding that miRNA-mediated clearance of Srsf9 is a key myogenic event illustrates the coordinated and sophisticated interplay between the diverse components of the gene regulatory network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen K Bjorkman
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Ave., UCB596, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Massimo Buvoli
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Ave., UCB596, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Emily K Pugach
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Ave., UCB596, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Michael M Polmear
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Ave., UCB596, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Ave., UCB596, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Leslie A Leinwand
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Ave., UCB596, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Quintana-Escobar AO, Nic-Can GI, Galaz Avalos RM, Loyola-Vargas VM, Gongora-Castillo E. Transcriptome analysis of the induction of somatic embryogenesis in Coffea canephora and the participation of ARF and Aux/IAA genes. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7752. [PMID: 31637116 PMCID: PMC6800528 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a useful biotechnological tool to study the morpho-physiological, biochemical and molecular processes during the development of Coffea canephora. Plant growth regulators (PGR) play a key role during cell differentiation in SE. The Auxin-response-factor (ARF) and Auxin/Indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) are fundamental components involved in the signaling of the IAA. The IAA signaling pathway activates or represses the expression of genes responsive to auxins during the embryogenic transition of the somatic cells. The growing development of new generation sequencing technologies (NGS), as well as bioinformatics tools, has allowed us to broaden the landscape of SE study of various plant species and identify the genes directly involved. Methods Analysis of transcriptome expression profiles of the C. canephora genome and the identification of a particular set of differentially expressed genes (DEG) during SE are described in this study. Results A total of eight ARF and seven Aux/IAA differentially expressed genes were identified during the different stages of the SE induction process. The quantitative expression analysis showed that ARF18 and ARF5 genes are highly expressed after 21 days of the SE induction, while Aux/IAA7 and Aux/IAA12 genes are repressed. Discussion The results of this study allow a better understanding of the genes involved in the auxin signaling pathway as well as their expression profiles during the SE process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana O Quintana-Escobar
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biologia Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Geovanny I Nic-Can
- CONACYT Research Fellow-Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Rosa María Galaz Avalos
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biologia Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Víctor M Loyola-Vargas
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biologia Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Elsa Gongora-Castillo
- CONACYT Research Fellow-Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cargill K, Hemker SL, Clugston A, Murali A, Mukherjee E, Liu J, Bushnell D, Bodnar AJ, Saifudeen Z, Ho J, Bates CM, Kostka D, Goetzman ES, Sims-Lucas S. Von Hippel-Lindau Acts as a Metabolic Switch Controlling Nephron Progenitor Differentiation. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 30:1192-1205. [PMID: 31142573 PMCID: PMC6622426 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2018111170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nephron progenitors, the cell population that give rise to the functional unit of the kidney, are metabolically active and self-renew under glycolytic conditions. A switch from glycolysis to mitochondrial respiration drives these cells toward differentiation, but the mechanisms that control this switch are poorly defined. Studies have demonstrated that kidney formation is highly dependent on oxygen concentration, which is largely regulated by von Hippel-Lindau (VHL; a protein component of a ubiquitin ligase complex) and hypoxia-inducible factors (a family of transcription factors activated by hypoxia). METHODS To explore VHL as a regulator defining nephron progenitor self-renewal versus differentiation, we bred Six2-TGCtg mice with VHLlox/lox mice to generate mice with a conditional deletion of VHL from Six2+ nephron progenitors. We used histologic, immunofluorescence, RNA sequencing, and metabolic assays to characterize kidneys from these mice and controls during development and up to postnatal day 21. RESULTS By embryonic day 15.5, kidneys of nephron progenitor cell-specific VHL knockout mice begin to exhibit reduced maturation of nephron progenitors. Compared with controls, VHL knockout kidneys are smaller and developmentally delayed by postnatal day 1, and have about half the number of glomeruli at postnatal day 21. VHL knockout nephron progenitors also exhibit persistent Six2 and Wt1 expression, as well as decreased mitochondrial respiration and prolonged reliance on glycolysis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings identify a novel role for VHL in mediating nephron progenitor differentiation through metabolic regulation, and suggest that VHL is required for normal kidney development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kasey Cargill
- Rangos Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Shelby L Hemker
- Rangos Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew Clugston
- Rangos Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Developmental Biology and
| | - Anjana Murali
- Rangos Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Elina Mukherjee
- Rangos Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jiao Liu
- Section of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics and
- The Hypertension and Renal Centers of Excellence, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Daniel Bushnell
- Rangos Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew J Bodnar
- Rangos Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Zubaida Saifudeen
- Section of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics and
- The Hypertension and Renal Centers of Excellence, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Jacqueline Ho
- Rangos Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Carlton M Bates
- Rangos Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Dennis Kostka
- Rangos Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Developmental Biology and
| | - Eric S Goetzman
- Rangos Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sunder Sims-Lucas
- Rangos Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Casado-Díaz A, Dorado G, Giner M, Montoya MJ, Navarro-Valverde C, Díez-Pérez A, Quesada-Gómez JM. Proof of Concept on Functionality Improvement of Mesenchymal Stem-Cells, in Postmenopausal Osteoporotic Women Treated with Teriparatide (PTH1-34), After Suffering Atypical Fractures. Calcif Tissue Int 2019; 104:631-640. [PMID: 30725167 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-019-00533-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis long-term treatment with nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates, has been associated with uncommon adverse effects, as atypical femoral fractures (AFF). Thus, treatment with teriparatide (TPTD; fragment of human parathyroid hormone; PTH1-34) has been proposed for such patients. Besides its anabolizing effect on bone, TPTD may affect stem-cell mobilization and expansion. Bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNC) were isolated from five women that had suffered AFF associated to bisphosphonate treatment, before and after 6 months of TPTD therapy. The presence of mesenchymal stromal cells (CD73, CD90 and CD105 positive cells), gene expression of NANOG, SOX2 and OCT4, proliferation, senescence and capacity to differentiate into osteoblasts and adipocytes were analyzed. After TPTD treatment, BMMNC positive cells for CD73, CD90 and CD105 increased from 6.5 to 37.5% (p < 0.05); NANOG, SOX2 and OCT4 were upregulated, being statistically significant for NANOG (p < 0.05), and cells increased proliferative capacity more than 50% at day 7 (p < 0.05). Senescence was reduced 2.5-fold (p < 0.05), increasing differentiation capacity into osteoblasts and adipocytes, with more than twice mineralization capacity of extracellular matrix or fat-droplet formation (p < 0.05), respectively. Results show that TPTD treatment caused BMMNC "rejuvenation", increasing the number of cells in a more undifferentiated stage, with higher differentiation potency. This effect may favor TPTD anabolic action on bone in such patients with AFF, increasing osteoblast precursor cells. Such response could also arise in other osteoporotic patients treated with TPTD, without previous AFF. Furthermore, our data suggest that TPTD effect on stromal cells may have clinical implications for bone-regenerative medicine. Further studies may deepen on this potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Casado-Díaz
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, RETICEF, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Gabriel Dorado
- Dep. Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus Rabanales C6-1-E17, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Universidad de Córdoba, RETICEF CIBERFES, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Mercè Giner
- Dep. de Medicina Interna, Dept. de Histología y Citología Normal y Patológica, Escuela de Medicina, Unidad de Metabolismo óseo, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Universidad de Sevilla, RETICEF, 41009, Seville, Spain
| | - María José Montoya
- Dept. de Medicina, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, RETICEF, 41009, Seville, Spain
| | - Cristina Navarro-Valverde
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Valme, 41014, Seville, Spain
| | - Adolfo Díez-Pérez
- Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas (IMIM), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, RETICEF, CIBERFES, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Manuel Quesada-Gómez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, RETICEF, 14004, Córdoba, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Malla S, Melguizo-Sanchis D, Aguilo F. Steering pluripotency and differentiation with N 6-methyladenosine RNA modification. Biochim Biophys Acta Gene Regul Mech 2018; 1862:394-402. [PMID: 30412796 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Chemical modifications of RNA provide a direct and rapid way to modulate the existing transcriptome, allowing the cells to adapt rapidly to the changing environment. Among these modifications, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) has recently emerged as a widely prevalent mark of messenger RNA in eukaryotes, linking external stimuli to an intricate network of transcriptional, post-transcriptional and translational processes. m6A modification modulates a broad spectrum of biochemical processes, including mRNA decay, translation and splicing. Both m6A modification and the enzymes that control m6A metabolism are essential for normal development. In this review, we summarized the most recent findings on the role of m6A modification in maintenance of the pluripotency of embryonic stem cells (ESCs), cell fate specification, the reprogramming of somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and differentiation of stem and progenitor cells. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: mRNA modifications in gene expression control edited by Dr. Soller Matthias and Dr. Fray Rupert.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Malla
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, SE-90185 Umeå, Sweden; Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Dario Melguizo-Sanchis
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, SE-90185 Umeå, Sweden; Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Francesca Aguilo
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, SE-90185 Umeå, Sweden; Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sornapudi TR, Nayak R, Guthikonda PK, Kethavath S, Yellaboina S, Kurukuti S. RNA sequencing of murine mammary epithelial stem-like cells (HC11) undergoing lactogenic differentiation and its comparison with embryonic stem cells. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:241. [PMID: 29642945 PMCID: PMC5896049 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3351-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Understanding of transcriptional networks specifying HC11 murine mammary epithelial stem cell-like cells (MEC) in comparison with embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and their rewiring, under the influence of glucocorticoids (GC) and prolactin (PRL) hormones, is critical for elucidating the mechanism of lactogenesis. In this data note, we provide RNA sequencing data from murine MECs and ESCs, MECs treated with steroid hormone alone and in combination with PRL. This data could help in understanding temporal dynamics of mRNA transcription that impact the process of lactogenesis associated with mammary gland development. Further integration of these data sets with existing datasets of cells derived from various stages of mammary gland development and different types of breast tumors, should pave the way for effective prognosis and to develop therapies for breast cancer. DATA DESCRIPTION We have generated RNA-sequencing data representing steady-state levels of mRNAs from murine ESCs, normal MECs (N), MECs primed (P) with hydrocortisone (HC) alone and in combination with PRL hormone by using Illumina sequencing platform. We have generated ~ 58 million reads for ESCs with an average length of ~ 100 nt and an average 115 million good quality mapped reads with an average length of ~ 150 nt for different stages of MECs differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trinadha Rao Sornapudi
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Rakhee Nayak
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Prashanth Kumar Guthikonda
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Srinivas Kethavath
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Sailu Yellaboina
- CR Rao Advanced Institute of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Sreenivasulu Kurukuti
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, India.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
The organ of Corti, an acoustic sensory organ, is a specifically differentiated epithelium of the cochlear duct, which is a part of the membranous labyrinth in the inner ear. Cells in the organ of Corti are generally classified into two kinds; hair cells, which transduce the mechanical stimuli of sound to the cell membrane electrical potential differences, and supporting cells. These cells emerge from homogeneous prosensory epithelium through cell fate determination and differentiation. In the organ of Corti organogenesis, cell differentiation and the rearrangement of their position proceed in parallel, resulting in a characteristic alignment of mature hair cells and supporting cells. Recently, studies have focused on the signaling molecules and transcription factors that regulate cell fate determination and differentiation processes. In comparison, less is known about the mechanism of the formation of the tissue architecture; however, this is important in the morphogenesis of the organ of Corti. Thus, this review will introduce previous findings that focus on how cell fate determination, cell differentiation, and whole tissue morphogenesis proceed in a spatiotemporally and finely coordinated manner. This overview provides an insight into the regulatory mechanisms of the coordination in the developing organ of Corti.
Collapse
|
29
|
Girel S, Crauste F. Existence and stability of periodic solutions of an impulsive differential equation and application to CD8 T-cell differentiation. J Math Biol 2018; 76:1765-1795. [PMID: 29500513 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-018-1220-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Unequal partitioning of the molecular content at cell division has been shown to be a source of heterogeneity in a cell population. We propose to model this phenomenon with the help of a scalar, nonlinear impulsive differential equation (IDE). To study the effect of molecular partitioning at cell division on the effector/memory cell-fate decision in a CD8 T-cell lineage, we study an IDE describing the concentration of the protein Tbet in a CD8 T-cell, where impulses are associated to cell division. We discuss how the degree of asymmetry of molecular partitioning can affect the process of cell differentiation and the phenotypical heterogeneity of a cell population. We show that a moderate degree of asymmetry is necessary and sufficient to observe irreversible differentiation. We consider, in a second part, a general autonomous IDE with fixed times of impulse and a specific form of impulse function. We establish properties of the solutions of that equation, most of them obtained under the hypothesis that impulses occur periodically. In particular, we show how to investigate the existence of periodic solutions and their stability by studying the flow of an autonomous differential equation. Then we apply those properties to prove the results presented in the first part.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Girel
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5208, Institut Camille Jordan, 43 blvd. du 11 novembre 1918, F-69622, Villeurbanne cedex, France. .,Inria, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Fabien Crauste
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5208, Institut Camille Jordan, 43 blvd. du 11 novembre 1918, F-69622, Villeurbanne cedex, France.,Inria, Villeurbanne, France
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Following analysis of sequenced genomes and transcriptome of many eukaryotes, it is evident that virtually all protein-coding genes have already been discovered. These advances have highlighted an intriguing paradox whereby the relative amount of protein-coding sequences remain constant but nonprotein-coding sequences increase consistently in parallel to increasing evolutionary complexity. It is established that differences between species map to nonprotein-coding regions of the genome that surprisingly is transcribed extensively. These transcripts regulate epigenetic processes and constitute an important layer of regulatory information essential for organismal development and play a causative role in diseases. The noncoding RNA-directed regulatory circuit controls complex characteristics. Sequence variations in noncoding RNAs influence evolution, quantitative traits, and disease susceptibility. This chapter presents an account on a class of such noncoding transcripts that are longer than 200 nucleotides (long noncoding RNA-lncRNA) in mammalian development and diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parna Saha
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Shreekant Verma
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Rashmi U Pathak
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India.
| | - Rakesh K Mishra
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Klein B, Wibberg D, Hallmann A. Whole transcriptome RNA-Seq analysis reveals extensive cell type-specific compartmentalization in Volvox carteri. BMC Biol 2017; 15:111. [PMID: 29179763 PMCID: PMC5704591 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-017-0450-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One of evolution’s most important achievements is the development and radiation of multicellular organisms with different types of cells. Complex multicellularity has evolved several times in eukaryotes; yet, in most lineages, an investigation of its molecular background is considerably challenging since the transition occurred too far in the past and, in addition, these lineages evolved a large number of cell types. However, for volvocine green algae, such as Volvox carteri, multicellularity is a relatively recent innovation. Furthermore, V. carteri shows a complete division of labor between only two cell types – small, flagellated somatic cells and large, immotile reproductive cells. Thus, V. carteri provides a unique opportunity to study multicellularity and cellular differentiation at the molecular level. Results This study provides a whole transcriptome RNA-Seq analysis of separated cell types of the multicellular green alga V. carteri f. nagariensis to reveal cell type-specific components and functions. To this end, 246 million quality filtered reads were mapped to the genome and valid expression data were obtained for 93% of the 14,247 gene loci. In the subsequent search for protein domains with assigned molecular function, we identified 9435 previously classified domains in 44% of all gene loci. Furthermore, in 43% of all gene loci we identified 15,254 domains that are involved in biological processes. All identified domains were investigated regarding cell type-specific expression. Moreover, we provide further insight into the expression pattern of previously described gene families (e.g., pherophorin, extracellular matrix metalloprotease, and VARL families). Our results demonstrate an extensive compartmentalization of the transcriptome between cell types: More than half of all genes show a clear difference in expression between somatic and reproductive cells. Conclusions This study constitutes the first transcriptome-wide RNA-Seq analysis of separated cell types of V. carteri focusing on gene expression. The high degree of differential expression indicates a strong differentiation of cell types despite the fact that V. carteri diverged relatively recently from its unicellular relatives. Our expression dataset and the bioinformatic analyses provide the opportunity to further investigate and understand the mechanisms of cell type-specific expression and its transcriptional regulation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12915-017-0450-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Klein
- Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology of Plants, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Daniel Wibberg
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Armin Hallmann
- Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology of Plants, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kam JWK, Dumontier E, Baim C, Brignall AC, Mendes da Silva D, Cowan M, Kennedy TE, Cloutier JF. RGMB and neogenin control cell differentiation in the developing olfactory epithelium. Development 2017; 143:1534-46. [PMID: 27143755 DOI: 10.1242/dev.118638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cellular interactions are key for the differentiation of distinct cell types within developing epithelia, yet the molecular mechanisms engaged in these interactions remain poorly understood. In the developing olfactory epithelium (OE), neural stem/progenitor cells give rise to odorant-detecting olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) and glial-like sustentacular (SUS) cells. Here, we show in mice that the transmembrane receptor neogenin (NEO1) and its membrane-bound ligand RGMB control the balance of neurons and glial cells produced in the OE. In this layered epithelium, neogenin is expressed in progenitor cells, while RGMB is restricted to adjacent newly born ORNs. Ablation of Rgmb via gene-targeting increases the number of dividing progenitor cells in the OE and leads to supernumerary SUS cells. Neogenin loss-of-function phenocopies these effects observed in Rgmb(-/-) mice, supporting the proposal that RGMB-neogenin signaling regulates progenitor cell numbers and SUS cell production. Interestingly, Neo1(-/-) mice also exhibit increased apoptosis of ORNs, implicating additional ligands in the neogenin-dependent survival of ORNs. Thus, our results indicate that RGMB-neogenin-mediated cell-cell interactions between newly born neurons and progenitor cells control the ratio of glia and neurons produced in the OE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Wai Keung Kam
- Montreal Neurological Institute, 3801 University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2B4 Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2B4
| | - Emilie Dumontier
- Montreal Neurological Institute, 3801 University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2B4 Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2B4
| | - Christopher Baim
- Montreal Neurological Institute, 3801 University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2B4 Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2B4
| | - Alexandra C Brignall
- Montreal Neurological Institute, 3801 University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2B4 Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2B4
| | - David Mendes da Silva
- Montreal Neurological Institute, 3801 University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2B4 Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Coimbra 3004-517, Portugal
| | - Mitra Cowan
- Centre de Recherches du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, Canada H2X 0A9
| | - Timothy E Kennedy
- Montreal Neurological Institute, 3801 University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2B4 Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2B4 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, 3640 University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 0C7
| | - Jean-François Cloutier
- Montreal Neurological Institute, 3801 University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2B4 Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2B4 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, 3640 University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 0C7
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Szybinski M, Sektas K, Sicinski RR, Plum LA, Frelek J, DeLuca HF. Design, synthesis and biological properties of seco-d-ring modified 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 analogues. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 171:144-154. [PMID: 28285018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
As a continuation of our efforts directed to the structure-activity relationship studies of vitamin D compounds, we present in this paper the synthesis of new analogues of 1α,25-(OH)2D3 characterized by numerous structural modifications, especially a cleaved D ring. Total synthesis of the CD fragment required for the construction of the target vitamins was based on the Stork approach. The structure of the key intermediate - bicyclic hydroxy lactone - was established by crystallographic and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectral analysis. Following the attachment of the hydroxyalkyl side chain, the formed D-seco Grundmann ketone was subjected to Wittig-Horner coupling with the corresponding A-ring phosphine oxides providing two desired D-seco analogues of 19-nor-1α,25-(OH)2D3, one without a substituent at C-2 and the other possessing a 2-exomethylene group. Both compounds were biologically tested and the latter was found to be more active in in vitro tests. Despite so many structural changes introduced in its structure, the biological activity of the 2-methylene analogue approached that of the natural hormone. The synthesized D-seco vitamins, however, proved to be inactive on bone and intestine in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Szybinski
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison,433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Sektas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafal R Sicinski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Lori A Plum
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison,433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Jadwiga Frelek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hector F DeLuca
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison,433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Becker-Santos DD, Lonergan KM, Gronostajski RM, Lam WL. Nuclear Factor I/B: A Master Regulator of Cell Differentiation with Paradoxical Roles in Cancer. EBioMedicine 2017; 22:2-9. [PMID: 28596133 PMCID: PMC5552107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that nuclear factor I/B (NFIB), a transcription factor required for proper development and regulation of cellular differentiation in several tissues, also plays critical roles in cancer. Despite being a metastatic driver in small cell lung cancer and melanoma, it has become apparent that NFIB also exhibits tumour suppressive functions in many malignancies. The contradictory contributions of NFIB to both the inhibition and promotion of tumour development and progression, corroborates its diverse and context-dependent roles in many tissues and cell types. Considering the frequent involvement of NFIB in cancer, a better understanding of its multifaceted nature may ultimately benefit the development of novel strategies for the management of a broad spectrum of malignancies. Here we discuss recent findings which bring to light NFIB as a crucial and paradoxical player in cancer. NFIB, a versatile regulator of cell differentiation, is emerging as a crucial driver of cancer metastasis. Paradoxically, NFIB also exhibits tumour suppressive functions in several cancer types. A deeper understanding of the multifaceted and context-dependent nature of NFIB has the potential to improve the clinical management of a variety of cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daiana D Becker-Santos
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Kim M Lonergan
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Richard M Gronostajski
- Department of Biochemistry, Program in Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics, Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Wan L Lam
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Enomoto T, Takami M, Yamamoto M, Kamijo R. LPS administration increases CD11b + c-Fms + CD14 + cell population that possesses osteoclast differentiation potential in mice. Cytotechnology 2017; 69:529-537. [PMID: 28429166 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-017-0094-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are multinucleated giant cells that originate from a monocyte/macrophage lineage, and are involved in the inflammatory bone destruction accompanied by periodontitis. Recent studies have shown that osteoclast precursors reside not only in the bone marrow, but also in the peripheral blood and spleen, though the precise characteristics of each precursor have not been analyzed. We hypothesized that the number of osteoclast precursors in those tissues may increase under pathological conditions and contribute to osteoclast formation in vivo in a mouse model. To test this hypothesis, we attempted to identify cell populations that possess osteoclast differentiation potential in the bone marrow, spleen, and blood by analyzing macrophage/monocyte-related cell surface markers such as CD11b, CD14, and colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (c-Fms). In the bone marrow, the CD11b- cell population, but not the CD11b+ cell population, differentiated into osteoclasts in the presence of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand and macrophage colony-stimulating factor. On the other hand, in the spleen and blood, CD11b+ cells differentiated into osteoclasts. Interestingly, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration to the mice dramatically increased the proportion of CD11b+ c-Fms+ CD14+ cells, which differentiated into osteoclasts, in the bone marrow and spleen. These results suggest that LPS administration increases the proportion of a distinct cell population expressing CD11b+, c-Fms+, and CD14+ in the bone marrow and spleen. Thus, these cell populations are considered to contribute to the increase in osteoclast number during inflammatory bone destruction such as periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Enomoto
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
- Department of Periodontology, Showa University Dental Hospital, 2-1-1 Kitasenzoku, Ota, Tokyo, 145-8515, Japan
| | - Masamichi Takami
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.
| | - Matsuo Yamamoto
- Department of Periodontology, Showa University Dental Hospital, 2-1-1 Kitasenzoku, Ota, Tokyo, 145-8515, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Kamijo
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a devastating and highly prevalent neurodegenerative disease for which only symptomatic treatment is available. In order to develop a truly effective disease-modifying therapy, improvement of our current understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying PD pathogenesis and progression is crucial. For this purpose, standardization of research protocols and disease models is necessary. As human dopaminergic neurons, the cells mainly affected in PD, are difficult to obtain and maintain as primary cells, current PD research is mostly performed with permanently established neuronal cell models, in particular the neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y lineage. This cell line is frequently chosen because of its human origin, catecholaminergic (though not strictly dopaminergic) neuronal properties, and ease of maintenance. However, there is no consensus on many fundamental aspects that are associated with its use, such as the effects of culture media composition and of variations in differentiation protocols. Here we present the outcome of a systematic review of scientific articles that have used SH-SY5Y cells to explore PD. We describe the cell source, culture conditions, differentiation protocols, methods/approaches used to mimic PD and the preclinical validation of the SH-SY5Y findings by employing alternative cellular and animal models. Thus, this overview may help to standardize the use of the SH-SY5Y cell line in PD research and serve as a future user’s guide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Xicoy
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bé Wieringa
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard J M Martens
- Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Velderraín JD, Martínez-García JC, Álvarez-Buylla ER. Boolean Dynamic Modeling Approaches to Study Plant Gene Regulatory Networks: Integration, Validation, and Prediction. Methods Mol Biol 2017. [PMID: 28623593 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7125-1_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mathematical models based on dynamical systems theory are well-suited tools for the integration of available molecular experimental data into coherent frameworks in order to propose hypotheses about the cooperative regulatory mechanisms driving developmental processes. Computational analysis of the proposed models using well-established methods enables testing the hypotheses by contrasting predictions with observations. Within such framework, Boolean gene regulatory network dynamical models have been extensively used in modeling plant development. Boolean models are simple and intuitively appealing, ideal tools for collaborative efforts between theorists and experimentalists. In this chapter we present protocols used in our group for the study of diverse plant developmental processes. We focus on conceptual clarity and practical implementation, providing directions to the corresponding technical literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Dávila Velderraín
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad (C3), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, México, DF, 04510, Mexico
| | | | - Elena R Álvarez-Buylla
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad (C3), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, México, DF, 04510, Mexico. .,Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, 4510, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Background Differentiation of human embryonic stem cells requires precise control of gene expression that depends on specific spatial and temporal epigenetic regulation. Recently available temporal epigenomic data derived from cellular differentiation processes provides an unprecedented opportunity for characterizing fundamental properties of epigenomic dynamics and revealing regulatory roles of epigenetic modifications. Results This paper presents a spatial temporal clustering approach, named STCluster, which exploits the temporal variation information of epigenomes to characterize dynamic epigenetic mode during cellular differentiation. This approach identifies significant spatial temporal patterns of epigenetic modifications along human embryonic stem cell differentiation and cluster regulatory sequences by their spatial temporal epigenetic patterns. Conclusions The results show that this approach is effective in capturing epigenetic modification patterns associated with specific cell types. In addition, STCluster allows straightforward identification of coherent epigenetic modes in multiple cell types, indicating the ability in the establishment of the most conserved epigenetic signatures during cellular differentiation process. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12859-016-1331-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- YangLan Gan
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Tao
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guobing Zou
- School of Computer Engineering and Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cairong Yan
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jihong Guan
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Carranza PG, Gargantini PR, Prucca CG, Torri A, Saura A, Svärd S, Lujan HD. Specific histone modifications play critical roles in the control of encystation and antigenic variation in the early-branching eukaryote Giardia lamblia. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 81:32-43. [PMID: 27771437 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
During evolution, parasitic microorganisms have faced the challenges of adapting to different environments to colonize a variety of hosts. Giardia lamblia, a common cause of intestinal disease, has developed fascinating strategies to adapt both outside and inside its host's intestine, such as trophozoite differentiation into cyst and the switching of its major surface antigens. How gene expression is regulated during these adaptive processes remains undefined. Giardia lacks some typical eukaryotic features, like canonical transcription factors, linker histone H1, and complex promoter regions; suggesting that post-transcriptional and translational control of gene expression is essential for parasite survival. However, epigenetic factors may also play critical roles at the transcriptional level. Here, we describe the most common post-translational histone modifications; characterize enzymes involved in these reactions, and analyze their association with the Giardia's differentiation processes. We present evidence that NAD+-dependent and NAD+-independent histone deacetylases regulate encystation; however, a unique NAD+-independent histone deacetylase modulate antigenic switching. The rates of acetylation of H4K8 and H4K16 are critical for encystation, whereas a decrease in acetylation of H4K8 and methylation of H3K9 occur preferentially during antigenic variation. These results show the complexity of the mechanisms regulating gene expression in this minimalistic protozoan parasite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro G Carranza
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Pablo R Gargantini
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Argentina; Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Inmunología y Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIDIE), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - César G Prucca
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Alessandro Torri
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Alicia Saura
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Argentina; Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Inmunología y Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIDIE), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Staffan Svärd
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Hugo D Lujan
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Argentina; Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Inmunología y Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIDIE), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Mahadevan J, Skalnik DG. Efficient differentiation of murine embryonic stem cells requires the binding of CXXC finger protein 1 to DNA or methylated histone H3-Lys4. Gene 2016; 594:1-9. [PMID: 27590438 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian CXXC finger protein 1 (Cfp1) is a DNA-binding protein that is a component of the Setd1 histone methyltransferase complexes and is a critical epigenetic regulator of both histone and cytosine methylation. Murine embryonic stem (ES) cells lacking Cfp1 exhibit a loss of histone H3-Lys4 tri-methylation (H3K4me3) at many CpG islands, and a mis-localization of this epigenetic mark to heterochromatic sub-nuclear domains. Furthermore, these cells fail to undergo cellular differentiation in vitro. These defects are rescued upon introduction of a Cfp1-expression vector. Cfp1 contains an N-terminal plant homeodomain (PHD), a motif frequently observed in chromatin associated proteins that functions as a reader module of histone marks. Here, we report that the Cfp1 PHD domain directly and specifically binds to histone H3K4me1/me2/me3 marks. Introduction of individual mutations at key Cfp1 PHD residues (Y28, D44, or W49) ablates this histone interaction both in vitro and in vivo. The W49A point mutation does not affect the ability of Cfp1 to rescue appropriate restriction of histone H3K4me3 to euchromatic sub-nuclear domains or in vitro cellular differentiation in Cfp1-null ES cells. Similarly, a mutated form of Cfp1 that lacks DNA-binding activity (C169A) rescues in vitro cellular differentiation. However, rescue of Cfp1-null ES cells with a double mutant form of Cfp1 (W49A, C169A) results in partially defective in vitro differentiation. These data define the Cfp1 PHD domain as a reader of histone H3K4me marks and provide evidence that this activity is involved in the regulation of lineage commitment in ES cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jyothi Mahadevan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - David G Skalnik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; Biology Department, School of Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Smith OK, Kim R, Fu H, Martin MM, Lin CM, Utani K, Zhang Y, Marks AB, Lalande M, Chamberlain S, Libbrecht MW, Bouhassira EE, Ryan MC, Noble WS, Aladjem MI. Distinct epigenetic features of differentiation-regulated replication origins. Epigenetics Chromatin 2016; 9:18. [PMID: 27168766 PMCID: PMC4862150 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-016-0067-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eukaryotic genome duplication starts at discrete sequences (replication origins) that coordinate cell cycle progression, ensure genomic stability and modulate gene expression. Origins share some sequence features, but their activity also responds to changes in transcription and cellular differentiation status. RESULTS To identify chromatin states and histone modifications that locally mark replication origins, we profiled origin distributions in eight human cell lines representing embryonic and differentiated cell types. Consistent with a role of chromatin structure in determining origin activity, we found that cancer and non-cancer cells of similar lineages exhibited highly similar replication origin distributions. Surprisingly, our study revealed that DNase hypersensitivity, which often correlates with early replication at large-scale chromatin domains, did not emerge as a strong local determinant of origin activity. Instead, we found that two distinct sets of chromatin modifications exhibited strong local associations with two discrete groups of replication origins. The first origin group consisted of about 40,000 regions that actively initiated replication in all cell types and preferentially colocalized with unmethylated CpGs and with the euchromatin markers, H3K4me3 and H3K9Ac. The second group included origins that were consistently active in cells of a single type or lineage and preferentially colocalized with the heterochromatin marker, H3K9me3. Shared origins replicated throughout the S-phase of the cell cycle, whereas cell-type-specific origins preferentially replicated during late S-phase. CONCLUSIONS These observations are in line with the hypothesis that differentiation-associated changes in chromatin and gene expression affect the activation of specific replication origins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Owen K. Smith
- />DNA Replication Group, Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - RyanGuk Kim
- />In Silico Solutions, Falls Church, VA 22033 USA
| | - Haiqing Fu
- />DNA Replication Group, Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Melvenia M. Martin
- />DNA Replication Group, Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Chii Mei Lin
- />DNA Replication Group, Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Koichi Utani
- />DNA Replication Group, Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Ya Zhang
- />DNA Replication Group, Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Anna B. Marks
- />DNA Replication Group, Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Marc Lalande
- />Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032 USA
| | - Stormy Chamberlain
- />Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032 USA
| | - Maxwell W. Libbrecht
- />Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Eric E. Bouhassira
- />Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461 USA
| | | | - William S. Noble
- />Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
- />Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Mirit I. Aladjem
- />DNA Replication Group, Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Carter MG, Smagghe BJ, Stewart AK, Rapley JA, Lynch E, Bernier KJ, Keating KW, Hatziioannou VM, Hartman EJ, Bamdad CC. A Primitive Growth Factor, NME7AB , Is Sufficient to Induce Stable Naïve State Human Pluripotency; Reprogramming in This Novel Growth Factor Confers Superior Differentiation. Stem Cells 2016; 34:847-59. [PMID: 26749426 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Scientists have generated human stem cells that in some respects mimic mouse naïve cells, but their dependence on the addition of several extrinsic agents, and their propensity to develop abnormal karyotype calls into question their resemblance to a naturally occurring "naïve" state in humans. Here, we report that a recombinant, truncated human NME7, referred to as NME7AB here, induces a stable naïve-like state in human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells without the use of inhibitors, transgenes, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), feeder cells, or their conditioned media. Evidence of a naïve state includes reactivation of the second X chromosome in female source cells, increased expression of naïve markers and decreased expression of primed state markers, ability to be clonally expanded and increased differentiation potential. RNA-seq analysis shows vast differences between the parent FGF2 grown, primed state cells, and NME7AB converted cells, but similarities to altered gene expression patterns reported by others generating naïve-like stem cells via the use of biochemical inhibitors. Experiments presented here, in combination with our previous work, suggest a mechanistic model of how human stem cells regulate self-replication: an early naïve state driven by NME7, which cannot itself limit self-replication and a later naïve state regulated by NME1, which limits self-replication when its multimerization state shifts from the active dimer to the inactive hexamer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M G Carter
- Minerva Biotechnologies, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - B J Smagghe
- Minerva Biotechnologies, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - A K Stewart
- Minerva Biotechnologies, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - J A Rapley
- Minerva Biotechnologies, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - E Lynch
- Minerva Biotechnologies, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - K J Bernier
- Minerva Biotechnologies, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - K W Keating
- Minerva Biotechnologies, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - E J Hartman
- Minerva Biotechnologies, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kondo T, Maruyama H, Kiyono S, Sekimoto T, Shimada T, Takahashi M, Ogasawara S, Suzuki E, Ooka Y, Tawada A, Chiba T, Kanai F, Yokosuka O. Intensity-Based Assessment of Microbubble-Enhanced Ultrasonography: Phase-Related Diagnostic Ability for Cellular Differentiation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Ultrasound Med Biol 2015; 41:3079-3087. [PMID: 26371403 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2015.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This prospective study aimed to elucidate the effect of phase-related quantitative parameters of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) with perflubutane microbubble agent to assess the cellular differentiation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Intensity was analyzed in 94 lesions (19.4 ± 4.9 mm, 86 patients), 47 well-differentiated HCCs (wHCCs) and 47 moderately-differentiated HCCs (mHCCs): I(e) (early phase) = I(te) (tumor) - I(le) (liver), I(p) (post-vascular phase) = I(tp) (tumor) - I(lp) (liver), I(ep) = I(e) - I(p). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve with the best cutoff value (I(e), 13.2, I(p), -4.5, I(ep), 21.3) for discriminating between wHCC and mHCC was 0.6922 for Ie, 0.7680 for Ip and 0.7925 for Iep, which indicated a significantly greater ability to differentiate between wHCC and mHCC compared with visual/qualitative assessment (early phase, 0.6170, p = 0.04; post-vascular phase, 0.6702, p = 0.01; both phases, 0.7021, p = 0.04). In conclusion, I(ep) was found to have the highest diagnostic ability, suggesting it is a promising parameter for the cellular differentiation of HCCs with CEUS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Kondo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuou-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Maruyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuou-ku, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Soichiro Kiyono
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuou-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tadashi Sekimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuou-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Taro Shimada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuou-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masanori Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuou-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sadahisa Ogasawara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuou-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuou-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Ooka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuou-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akinobu Tawada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuou-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Chiba
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuou-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Kanai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuou-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Osamu Yokosuka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuou-ku, Chiba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Stempin S, Engel A, Winkler N, Buhrke T, Lampen A. Morphological and molecular characterization of the human breast epithelial cell line M13SV1 and its tumorigenic derivatives M13SV1-R2-2 and M13SV1-R2-N1. Cancer Cell Int 2015; 15:110. [PMID: 26612978 PMCID: PMC4660649 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-015-0262-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The estrogen receptor-positive M13SV1 breast epithelial cell line was proposed to be a suitable in vitro model for breast cancer research since two derivatives with graduated tumorigenicity—M13SV1-R2-2 and M13SV1-R2-N1—are available for this cell line. In the present study, these three cell lines were comparatively examined for their morphological and their biochemical properties on the molecular level. Methods A transcriptomic approach (gene array analysis) was chosen to unravel differences in gene expression among the three cell lines. Network analysis was conducted to identify deregulated signaling pathways. Cellular viability was determined by impedance measurements as well as by neutral red uptake assay. Apoptosis was determined by using a caspase assay. For morphological characterization, cells were grown in three-dimensional cell culture, and cellular differentiation and spheroid formation was followed by immunofluorescence staining by using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Results The gene array results indicated that there were only marginal differences in gene expression among the three cell lines. Network analysis predicted the R2-N1 derivative (1) to display enhanced apoptosis and (2) to have a higher migration capability compared to its parent cell line M13SV1. Enhanced apoptosis was confirmed by elevated caspase activity, and increased migration was observed in 3D culture when cells migrated out of the globular spheroids. In 3D cell culture, all three cell lines similarly formed spheroids within three days, but there was no acini formation until day 21 which is indicated by a growth arrest around day 15, cellular polarization, and the formation of hollow lumen inside the spheroids. These characteristics, however, are crucial to study, e.g., the differentiation process of breast epithelial cells in vitro. Conclusion Due to the molecular and morphological features, the M13SV1 cell line and its tumorigenic derivatives seem to be less suitable as in vitro models than other cell lines such as the MCF-10A cell line which displays proper acini formation in 3D culture. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12935-015-0262-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Stempin
- Department of Food Safety, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anika Engel
- Department of Food Safety, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nora Winkler
- Department of Food Safety, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thorsten Buhrke
- Department of Food Safety, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alfonso Lampen
- Department of Food Safety, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
This chapter is focused on the plasma form of PAF-acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH), a lipoprotein-bound, calcium-independent phospholipase A2 activity also referred to as lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 and PLA2G7. PAF-AH catalyzes the removal of the acyl group at the sn-2 position of PAF and truncated phospholipids generated in settings of inflammation and oxidant stress. Here, I discuss current knowledge related to the structural features of this enzyme, including the molecular basis for association with lipoproteins and susceptibility to oxidative inactivation. The circulating form of PAF-AH is constitutively active and its expression is upregulated by mediators of inflammation at the transcriptional level. Several new mechanisms of regulation have been identified in recent years, including effects mediated by PPARs, VEGFR, and the state of cellular differentiation. Moreover, I discuss recent studies describing significant variations in the structure and regulation of PAF-AH from diverse species, which is likely to have important implications for the function of this enzyme in vivo.
Collapse
|
46
|
Bukovsky A. From cellular to chemical approach for acute neural and alternative options for age-induced functional diseases. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:1109-1117. [PMID: 26435770 PMCID: PMC4591787 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i8.1109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endogenous “stem cell niche” (SCN) accompanying vessels contains immune system components which in vivo determine differentiation of multi potent stem cells toward proper cell types in given tissue. Combinations of sex steroids may represent novel chemical approach for neuronal areas of regenerative medicine, since they cause transformation of vascular smooth muscle stem cells into differentiating neuronal cells. Circulating sex steroids are present during pregnancy and can be utilized where needed, when various embryonic/fetal tissues develop from their stem cells. Utilization of induced regeneration of tissues (regenerative medicine) is expected being more effective in sudden failures of younger individuals carrying intact SCN, as compared to established chronic disorders caused by SCN alteration. An essential component of SCN are monocyte-derived cells exhibiting tissue-specific “stop effect” (SE) preventing, for instance, an aging of neuronal cells. Its alteration causes that implantation of neuronal stem cells will also result in their differentiation toward aging cells. When we repair the SE by supply of circulating mononuclear cells from young healthy individuals, we may be able to provide novel regenerative treatments of age-induced neural diseases by sex steroid combinations. Questions regarding some age-induced body alterations are also addressed.
Collapse
|
47
|
Todisco A, Mao M, Keeley TM, Ye W, Samuelson LC, Eaton KA. Regulation of gastric epithelial cell homeostasis by gastrin and bone morphogenetic protein signaling. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/8/e12501. [PMID: 26290525 PMCID: PMC4562585 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We reported that transgenic expression of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling inhibitor noggin in the mouse stomach, leads to parietal-cell (PC) loss, expansion of transitional cells expressing markers of both mucus neck and zymogenic lineages, and to activation of proliferative mechanisms. Because these cellular changes were associated with increased levels of the hormone gastrin, we investigated if gastrin mediates the expression of the phenotypic changes of the noggin transgenic mice (NogTG mice). Three-month-old NogTG mice were crossed to gastrin-deficient (GasKO mice) to generate NogTG;GasKO mice. Morphology of the corpus of wild type, NogTG, GasKO, and NogTG;GasKO mice was analyzed by H&E staining. Distribution of PCs and zymogenic cells (ZCs) was analyzed by immunostaining for the H+/K+-ATPase and intrinsic factor (IF). Expression of the H+/K+-ATPase and IF genes and proteins were measured by QRT-PCR and western blots. Cell proliferation was assessed by immunostaining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen. The corpus of the NogTG;GasKO mice displayed a marked reduction in the number of PCs and ZCs in comparison to NogTG mice. Further, cellular proliferation was significantly lower in NogTG;GasKO mice, than in the NogTG mice. Thus, gastrin mediates the increase in gastric epithelial cell proliferation induced by inhibition of BMP signaling in vivo. Moreover, gastrin and BMP signaling exert cooperative effects on the maturation and differentiation of both the zymogenic and PC lineages. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the factors involved in the control of gastric epithelial cell homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Todisco
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Maria Mao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Theresa M Keeley
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Wei Ye
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Linda C Samuelson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kathryn A Eaton
- Laboratory Animal Medicine Unit, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ono M, Suzawa T, Takami M, Yamamoto G, Hosono T, Yamada A, Suzuki D, Yoshimura K, Watahiki J, Hayashi R, Arata S, Mishima K, Nishida K, Osumi N, Maki K, Kamijo R. Localization and osteoblastic differentiation potential of neural crest-derived cells in oral tissues of adult mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 464:1209-14. [PMID: 26225748 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.07.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In embryos, neural crest cells emerge from the dorsal region of the fusing neural tube and migrate throughout tissues to differentiate into various types of cells including osteoblasts. In adults, subsets of neural crest-derived cells (NCDCs) reside as stem cells and are considered to be useful cell sources for regenerative medicine strategies. Numerous studies have suggested that stem cells with a neural crest origin persist into adulthood, especially those within the mammalian craniofacial compartment. However, their distribution as well as capacity to differentiate into osteoblasts in adults is not fully understood. To analyze the precise distribution and characteristics of NCDCs in adult oral tissues, we utilized an established line of double transgenic (P0-Cre/CAG-CAT-EGFP) mice in which NCDCs express green fluorescent protein (GFP) throughout their life. GFP-positive cells were scattered like islands throughout tissues of the palate, gingiva, tongue, and buccal mucosa in adult mice, with those isolated from the latter shown to form spheres, typical cell clusters composed of stem cells, under low-adherent conditions. Furthermore, GFP-positive cells had markedly increased alkaline phosphatase (a marker enzyme of osteoblast differentiation) activity and mineralization as shown by alizarin red staining, in the presence of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2. These results suggest that NCDCs reside in various adult oral tissues and possess potential to differentiate into osteoblastic cells. NCDCs in adults may be a useful cell source for bone regeneration strategies.
Collapse
|
49
|
Carrió E, Díez-Villanueva A, Lois S, Mallona I, Cases I, Forn M, Peinado MA, Suelves M. Deconstruction of DNA methylation patterns during myogenesis reveals specific epigenetic events in the establishment of the skeletal muscle lineage. Stem Cells 2015; 33:2025-36. [PMID: 25801824 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The progressive restriction of differentiation potential from pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to tissue-specific stem cells involves widespread epigenetic reprogramming, including modulation of DNA methylation patterns. Skeletal muscle stem cells are required for the growth, maintenance, and regeneration of skeletal muscle. To investigate the contribution of DNA methylation to the establishment of the myogenic program, we analyzed ESCs, skeletal muscle stem cells in proliferating (myoblasts) and differentiating conditions (myotubes), and mature myofibers. About 1.000 differentially methylated regions were identified during muscle-lineage determination and terminal differentiation, mainly located in gene bodies and intergenic regions. As a whole, myogenic stem cells showed a gain of DNA methylation, while muscle differentiation was accompanied by loss of DNA methylation in CpG-poor regions. Notably, the hypomethylated regions in myogenic stem cells were neighbored by enhancer-type chromatin, suggesting the involvement of DNA methylation in the regulation of cell-type specific enhancers. Interestingly, we demonstrated the hypomethylation of the muscle cell-identity Myf5 super-enhancer only in muscle cells. Furthermore, we observed that upstream stimulatory factor 1 binding to Myf5 super-enhancer occurs upon DNA demethylation in myogenic stem cells. Taken altogether, we characterized the unique DNA methylation signature of skeletal muscle stem cells and highlighted the importance of DNA methylation-mediated regulation of cell identity Myf5 super-enhancer during cellular differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Carrió
- Institut de Medicina Predictiva i Personalitzada del Càncer (IMPPC).,Institut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Campus Can Ruti, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Anna Díez-Villanueva
- Institut de Medicina Predictiva i Personalitzada del Càncer (IMPPC).,Institut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Campus Can Ruti, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Sergi Lois
- Institut de Medicina Predictiva i Personalitzada del Càncer (IMPPC)
| | - Izaskun Mallona
- Institut de Medicina Predictiva i Personalitzada del Càncer (IMPPC).,Institut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Campus Can Ruti, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Ildefonso Cases
- Institut de Medicina Predictiva i Personalitzada del Càncer (IMPPC)
| | - Marta Forn
- Institut de Medicina Predictiva i Personalitzada del Càncer (IMPPC)
| | - Miguel A Peinado
- Institut de Medicina Predictiva i Personalitzada del Càncer (IMPPC).,Institut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Campus Can Ruti, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| | - Mònica Suelves
- Institut de Medicina Predictiva i Personalitzada del Càncer (IMPPC).,Institut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Campus Can Ruti, 08916, Badalona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
Humans show strong sex differences in immunity to infection and autoimmunity,
suggesting sex hormones modulate immune responses. Indeed, receptors for estrogens (ER)
regulate cells and pathways in the innate and adaptive immune system, as well as immune
cell development. ERs are ligand-dependent transcription factors that mediate long-range
chromatin interactions and form complexes at gene regulatory elements, thus promoting
epigenetic changes and transcription. ERs also participate in membrane-initiated steroid
signaling to generate rapid responses. Estradiol and ER activity show profound dose- and
context-dependent effects on innate immune signaling pathways and myeloid cell
development. While estradiol most often promotes the production of type I interferon, innate pathways
leading to pro-inflammatory cytokine production may be enhanced or dampened by ER
activity. Regulation of innate immune cells and signaling by ERs may contribute to the
reported sex differences in innate immune pathways. Here we review the recent literature
and highlight several molecular mechanisms by which ERs regulate the development or
functional responses of innate immune cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Kovats
- Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, United States.
| |
Collapse
|