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McGowan KP, Delgado E, Keeley TM, Hibdon ES, Turgeon DK, Stoffel EM, Samuelson LC. Region-specific Wnt signaling responses promote gastric polyp formation in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e174546. [PMID: 37943618 PMCID: PMC10896006 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.174546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Germline adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) mutation in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) promotes gastrointestinal polyposis, including the formation of frequent gastric fundic gland polyps (FGPs). In this study, we investigated how dysregulated Wnt signaling promotes FGPs and why they localize to the corpus region of the stomach. We developed a biobank of FGP and surrounding nonpolyp corpus biopsies and organoids from patients with FAP for comparative studies. Polyp biopsies and polyp-derived organoids exhibited enhanced Wnt target gene expression. Polyp-derived organoids with intrinsically upregulated Wnt signaling showed poor tolerance to further induction, suggesting that high Wnt restricts growth. Targeted genomic sequencing revealed that most gastric polyps did not arise via APC loss of heterozygosity. Studies in genetic mouse models demonstrated that heterozygous Apc loss increased epithelial cell proliferation in the corpus but not the antrum, while homozygous Apc loss was not maintained in the corpus yet induced hyperproliferation in the antrum. Our findings suggest that heterozygous APC mutation in patients with FAP may be sufficient to drive polyp formation in the corpus region while subsequent loss of heterozygosity to further enhance Wnt signaling is not tolerated. This finding contextualizes the abundant yet benign nature of gastric polyps in FAP patient corpus compared with the rare, yet adenomatous polyps in the antrum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - D Kim Turgeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Elena M Stoffel
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Linda C Samuelson
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology and
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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2
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Hibdon ES, Keeley TM, Merchant JL, Samuelson LC. The bHLH transcription factor ASCL1 promotes differentiation of endocrine cells in the stomach and is regulated by Notch signaling. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2023; 325:G458-G470. [PMID: 37698169 PMCID: PMC10887855 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00043.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Notch signaling regulates gastrointestinal stem cell proliferation and differentiation yet Notch-regulated transcriptional effectors of gastric epithelial cell differentiation are poorly understood. Here we tested the role of the bHLH transcription factor Achaete-Scute homolog 1 (ASCL1) in gastric epithelial cell differentiation, and its regulation by Notch. Newborn Ascl1 null mice showed a loss of expression of markers of neurogenin-3-dependent enteroendocrine cells, with normal expression of enterochromaffin-like cells, mucous cells, chief cells, and parietal cells. In adult mice, Ascl1 gene expression was observed in the stomach, but not the intestine, with higher expression in antral than corpus epithelium. Lineage tracing in Ascl1-CreERT2; Rosa26-LSL-tdTomato mice revealed single, scattered ASCL1+ cells in the gastric epithelium, demonstrating expression in antral gastrin- and serotonin-producing endocrine cells. ASCL1-expressing endocrine cells persisted for several weeks posttamoxifen labeling with a half-life of approximately 2 months. Lineage tracing in Gastrin-CreERT2 mice demonstrated a similar lifespan for gastrin-producing cells, confirming that gastric endocrine cells are long-lived. Finally, treatment of Ascl1-CreERT2; Rosa26-LSL-tdTomato mice with the pan-Notch inhibitor dibenzazepine increased the number of lineage-labeled cells in the gastric antrum, suggesting that Notch signaling normally inhibits Ascl1 expression. Notch regulation of Ascl1 was also demonstrated in a genetic mouse model of Notch activation, as well as Notch-manipulated antral organoid cultures, thus suggesting that ASCL1 is a key downstream Notch pathway effector promoting endocrine cell differentiation in the gastric epithelium.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Although Notch signaling is known to regulate cellular differentiation in the stomach, downstream effectors are poorly described. Here we demonstrate that the bHLH transcription factor ASCL1 is expressed in endocrine cells in the stomach and is required for formation of neurogenin-3-dependent enteroendocrine cells but not enterochromaffin-like cells. We also demonstrate that Ascl1 expression is inhibited by Notch signaling, suggesting that ASCL1 is a Notch-regulated transcriptional effector directing enteroendocrine cell fate in the mouse stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise S Hibdon
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Theresa M Keeley
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Juanita L Merchant
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Linda C Samuelson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
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3
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Mohamad Zaki NH, Shiota J, Calder AN, Keeley TM, Allen BL, Nakao K, Samuelson LC, Razumilava N. C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 induced by Hedgehog signaling promotes mouse extrahepatic bile duct repair after acute injury. Hepatology 2022; 76:936-950. [PMID: 35388502 PMCID: PMC9790600 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In extrahepatic bile duct (EHBD) cholangiopathies, including primary sclerosing cholangitis, a reactive cholangiocyte phenotype is associated with inflammation and epithelial hyperproliferation. The signaling pathways involved in EHBD injury response are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the role of Hedgehog (HH) signaling and its downstream effectors in controlling biliary proliferation and inflammation after EHBD injury. APPROACH AND RESULTS Using mouse bile duct ligation as an acute EHBD injury model, we used inhibitory paradigms to uncover mechanisms promoting the proliferative response. HH signaling was inhibited genetically in Gli1-/- mice or by treating wild-type mice with LDE225. The role of neutrophils was tested using chemical (SB225002) and biological (lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus G6D [Ly6G] antibodies) inhibitors of neutrophil recruitment. The cellular response was defined through morphometric quantification of proliferating cells and CD45+ and Ly6G+ immune cell populations. Key signaling component expression was measured and localized to specific EHBD cellular compartments by in situ hybridization, reporter strain analysis, and immunohistochemistry. Epithelial cell proliferation peaked 24 h after EHBD injury, preceded stromal cell proliferation, and was associated with neutrophil influx. Indian HH ligand expression in the biliary epithelium rapidly increased after injury. HH-responding cells and neutrophil chemoattractant C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) expression mapped to EHBD stromal cells. Inhibition of HH signaling blocked CXCL1 induction, diminishing neutrophil recruitment and the biliary proliferative response to injury. Directly targeting neutrophils by inhibition of the CXCL1/C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2/Ly6G signaling axis also decreased biliary proliferation. CONCLUSIONS HH-regulated CXCL1 orchestrates the early inflammatory response and biliary proliferation after EHBD injury through complex cellular crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Junya Shiota
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA,Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyNagasaki UniversityNagasakiJapan
| | - Ashley N. Calder
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Theresa M. Keeley
- Department of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Benjamin L. Allen
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Kazuhiko Nakao
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyNagasaki UniversityNagasakiJapan
| | - Linda C. Samuelson
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA,Department of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
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4
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Delgado E, Keeley TM, Hibdon ES, McGowan KP, Gillilland MG, Colacino JA, Stoffel E, Samuelson LC. Distinct Wnt Signaling Thresholds Required for Polyposis in the Proximal and Distal Stomach. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r2025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Delgado
- Department of Molecular & Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI
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5
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Horita N, Keeley TM, Hibdon ES, Delgado E, Lafkas D, Siebel CW, Samuelson LC. Delta-like 1-Expressing Cells at the Gland Base Promote Proliferation of Gastric Antral Stem Cells in Mouse. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 13:275-287. [PMID: 34438113 PMCID: PMC8599166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Notch pathway signaling maintains gastric epithelial cell homeostasis by regulating stem cell proliferation and differentiation. We previously identified NOTCH1 and NOTCH2 as the key Notch receptors controlling gastric stem cell function. Here, we identify the niche cells and critical Notch ligand responsible for regulating stem cell proliferation in the distal mouse stomach. METHODS Expression of Notch ligands in the gastric antrum was determined by quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and cellular localization was determined by in situ hybridization and immunostaining. The contribution of specific Notch ligands to regulate epithelial cell proliferation in adult mice was determined by inducible gene deletion, or by pharmacologic inhibition using antibodies directed against specific Notch ligands. Mouse gastric organoid cultures were used to confirm that Notch ligand signaling was epithelial specific. RESULTS Delta-like 1 (DLL1) and Jagged 1 (JAG1) were the most abundantly expressed Notch ligands in the adult mouse stomach, with DLL1 restricted to the antral gland base and JAG1 localized to the upper gland region. Inhibition of DLL1 alone or in combination with other Notch ligands significantly reduced epithelial cell proliferation and the growth of gastric antral organoids, while inhibition of the other Notch ligands, DLL4, JAG1, and JAG2, did not affect proliferation or organoid growth. Similarly, DLL1, and not DLL4, regulated proliferation of LGR5+ antral stem cells, which express the NOTCH1 receptor. CONCLUSIONS DLL1 is the key Notch ligand regulating epithelial cell proliferation in the gastric antrum. We propose that DLL1-expressing cells at the gland base are Notch niche cells that signal to adjacent LGR5+ antral stem cells to regulate stem cell proliferation and epithelial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobukatsu Horita
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Theresa M Keeley
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Elise S Hibdon
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Elizabeth Delgado
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Daniel Lafkas
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Linda C Samuelson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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6
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Sheahan BJ, Freeman AN, Keeley TM, Samuelson LC, Roper J, Hasapis S, Lee CL, Dekaney CM. Epithelial Regeneration After Doxorubicin Arises Primarily From Early Progeny of Active Intestinal Stem Cells. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 12:119-140. [PMID: 33571711 PMCID: PMC8082264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS aISCs (aISCs) are sensitive to acute insults including chemotherapy and irradiation. Regeneration after aISC depletion has primarily been explored in irradiation (IR). However, the cellular origin of epithelial regeneration after doxorubicin (DXR), a common chemotherapeutic, is poorly understood. METHODS We monitored DXR's effect on aISCs by enumerating Lgr5-eGFP+ and Olfm4+ crypts, cleaved caspase-3 (CASP3+) immunofluorescence, and time-lapse organoid imaging. Lineage tracing from previously identified regenerative cell populations (Bmi1+, Hopx+, Dll1+, and Defa6+) was performed with DXR damage. Lineage tracing from aISCs was compared with lineage tracing from early progeny cells (transit-amplifying cells arising from aISCs 1 day predamage) in the context of DXR and IR. We compared stem cell and DNA damage response (DDR) transcripts in isolated aISCs and early progeny cells 6 and 24 hours after DXR. RESULTS Epithelial regeneration after DXR primarily arose from early progeny cells generated by aISCs. Early progeny cells upregulated stem cell gene expression and lacked apoptosis induction (6 hours DXR: 2.5% of CASP3+ cells, p<0.0001). aISCs downregulated stem cell gene expression and underwent rapid apoptosis (6 hours DXR: 63.4% of CASP3+ cells). There was minimal regenerative contribution from Bmi1+, Hopx+, Dll1+, and Defa6+-expressing populations. In homeostasis, 48.4% of early progeny cells were BrdU+, and expressed low levels of DDR transcripts. CONCLUSIONS We show that DXR effectively depleted aISCs in the small intestine and subsequent epithelial regeneration depended on nonquiescent early progeny cells of aISCs. The chemoresistant phenotype of the early progeny cells may rely on a dampened DDR in contrast to aISCs' robust DDR, which facilitates expeditious apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanna J. Sheahan
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Ally N. Freeman
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Theresa M. Keeley
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Linda C. Samuelson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jatin Roper
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina,Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Stephanie Hasapis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Chang-Lung Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina,Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Christopher M. Dekaney
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina,Correspondence Address requests for correspondence to: Christopher M. Dekaney, PhD, 1060 William Moore Drive, Campus Box 8401, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607.
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7
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McCarter AC, Gatta GD, Melnick A, Kim E, Sha C, Wang Q, Nalamolu JK, Liu Y, Keeley TM, Yan R, Sun M, Kodgule R, Kunnath N, Ambesi-Impiombato A, Kuick R, Rao A, Ryan RJH, Kee BL, Samuelson LC, Ostrowski MC, Ferrando AA, Chiang MY. Combinatorial ETS1-dependent control of oncogenic NOTCH1 enhancers in T-cell leukemia. Blood Cancer Discov 2020; 1:178-197. [PMID: 32924017 DOI: 10.1158/2643-3230.bcd-20-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch activation is highly prevalent among cancers, in particular T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). However, the use of pan-Notch inhibitors to treat cancers has been hampered by adverse effects, particularly intestinal toxicities. To circumvent this barrier in T-ALL, we aimed to inhibit ETS1, a developmentally important T-cell transcription factor previously shown to co-bind Notch response elements. Using complementary genetic approaches in mouse models, we show that ablation of Ets1 leads to strong Notch-mediated suppressive effects on T-cell development and leukemogenesis, but milder intestinal effects than pan-Notch inhibitors. Mechanistically, genome-wide chromatin profiling studies demonstrate that Ets1 inactivation impairs recruitment of multiple Notch-associated factors and Notch-dependent activation of transcriptional elements controlling major Notch-driven oncogenic effector pathways. These results uncover previously unrecognized hierarchical heterogeneity of Notch-controlled genes and points to Ets1-mediated enucleation of Notch-Rbpj transcriptional complexes as a target for developing specific anti-Notch therapies in T-ALL that circumvent the barriers of pan-Notch inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C McCarter
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Giusy Della Gatta
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Ashley Melnick
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Erin Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Cher Sha
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Qing Wang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Jahnavi K Nalamolu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Theresa M Keeley
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Ran Yan
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY
| | - Mengxi Sun
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago
| | - Rohan Kodgule
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Nicholas Kunnath
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Rork Kuick
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Arvind Rao
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | | | - Linda C Samuelson
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Adolfo A Ferrando
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY.,Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY.,Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Mark Y Chiang
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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8
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Bohin N, Keeley TM, Carulli AJ, Walker EM, Carlson EA, Gao J, Aifantis I, Siebel CW, Rajala MW, Myers MG, Jones JC, Brindley CD, Dempsey PJ, Samuelson LC. Rapid Crypt Cell Remodeling Regenerates the Intestinal Stem Cell Niche after Notch Inhibition. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 15:156-170. [PMID: 32531190 PMCID: PMC7363878 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal crypts have great capacity for repair and regeneration after intestinal stem cell (ISC) injury. Here, we define the cellular remodeling process resulting from ISC niche interruption by transient Notch pathway inhibition in adult mice. Although ISCs were retained, lineage tracing demonstrated a marked reduction in ISC function after Notch disruption. Surprisingly, Notch ligand-expressing Paneth cells were rapidly lost by apoptotic cell death. The ISC-Paneth cell changes were followed by a regenerative response, characterized by expansion of cells expressing Notch ligands Dll1 and Dll4, enhanced Notch signaling, and a proliferative surge. Lineage tracing and organoid studies showed that Dll1-expressing cells were activated to function as multipotential progenitors, generating both absorptive and secretory cells and replenishing the vacant Paneth cell pool. Our analysis uncovered a dynamic, multicellular remodeling response to acute Notch inhibition to repair the niche and restore homeostasis. Notably, this crypt regenerative response did not require ISC loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Bohin
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Theresa M Keeley
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alexis J Carulli
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Emily M Walker
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Carlson
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Iannis Aifantis
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Christian W Siebel
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Michael W Rajala
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Martin G Myers
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jennifer C Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Medical School, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Constance D Brindley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Medical School, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Peter J Dempsey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Medical School, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Linda C Samuelson
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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9
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Bohin N, McGowan KP, Keeley TM, Carlson EA, Yan KS, Samuelson LC. Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 and mTORC1 Signaling Promote the Intestinal Regenerative Response After Irradiation Injury. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 10:797-810. [PMID: 32502530 PMCID: PMC7502577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Intestinal crypts have a remarkable capacity to regenerate after injury from loss of crypt base columnar (CBC) stem cells. After injury, facultative stem cells (FSCs) are activated to replenish the epithelium and replace lost CBCs. Our aim was to assess the role of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) to activate FSCs for crypt repair. METHODS The intestinal regenerative response was measured after whole body 12-Gy γ-irradiation of adult mice. IGF-1 signaling or its downstream effector mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) was inhibited by administering BMS-754807 or rapamycin, respectively. Mice with inducible Rptor gene deletion were studied to test the role of mTORC1 signaling in the intestinal epithelium. FSC activation post-irradiation was measured by lineage tracing. RESULTS We observed a coordinate increase in growth factor expression, including IGF-1, at 2 days post-irradiation, followed by a surge in mTORC1 activity during the regenerative phase of crypt repair at day 4. IGF-1 was localized to pericryptal mesenchymal cells, and IGF-1 receptor was broadly expressed in crypt progenitor cells. Inhibition of IGF-1 signaling via BMS-754807 treatment impaired crypt regeneration after 12-Gy irradiation, with no effect on homeostasis. Similarly, rapamycin inhibition of mTORC1 during the growth factor surge blunted the regenerative response. Analysis of Villin-CreERT2;Rptorfl/fl mice showed that epithelial mTORC1 signaling was essential for crypt regeneration. Lineage tracing from Bmi1-marked cells showed that rapamycin blocked FSC activation post-irradiation. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that IGF-1 signaling through mTORC1 drives crypt regeneration. We propose that IGF-1 release from pericryptal cells stimulates mTORC1 in FSCs to regenerate lost CBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Bohin
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kevin P McGowan
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Theresa M Keeley
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Elizabeth A Carlson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kelley S Yan
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Departments of Medicine and Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Linda C Samuelson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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10
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Keeley TM, Horita N, Samuelson LC. Tamoxifen-Induced Gastric Injury: Effects of Dose and Method of Administration. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 8:365-367. [PMID: 31233898 PMCID: PMC6713893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa M Keeley
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Nobukatsu Horita
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Linda C Samuelson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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11
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Abushukur Y, Bohin N, McGowan KP, Keeley TM, Carlson EA, Samuelson LC. IGF1‐mTORC1 Signaling Drives Intestinal Epithelial Regeneration After Irradiation Injury. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.869.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Natacha Bohin
- Cellular & Molecular Biology ProgramUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI
| | - Kevin P McGowan
- Molecular & Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI
| | - Theresa M Keeley
- Molecular & Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI
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12
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Choi E, Lantz TL, Vlacich G, Keeley TM, Samuelson LC, Coffey RJ, Goldenring JR, Powell AE. Lrig1+ gastric isthmal progenitor cells restore normal gastric lineage cells during damage recovery in adult mouse stomach. Gut 2018; 67:1595-1605. [PMID: 28814482 PMCID: PMC5815959 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-313874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lrig1 is a marker of proliferative and quiescent stem cells in the skin and intestine. We examined whether Lrig1-expressing cells are long-lived gastric progenitors in gastric glands in the mouse stomach. We also investigated how the Lrig1-expressing progenitor cells contribute to the regeneration of normal gastric mucosa by lineage commitment to parietal cells after acute gastric injury in mice. DESIGN We performed lineage labelling using Lrig1-CreERT2/+;R26R-YFP/+ (Lrig1/YFP) or R26R-LacZ/+ (Lrig1/LacZ) mice to examine whether the Lrig1-YFP-marked cells are gastric progenitor cells. We studied whether Lrig1-YFP-marked cells give rise to normal gastric lineage cells in damaged mucosa using Lrig1/YFP mice after treatment with DMP-777 to induce acute injury. We also studied Lrig1-CreERT2/CreERT2 (Lrig1 knockout) mice to examine whether the Lrig1 protein is required for regeneration of gastric corpus mucosa after acute injury. RESULTS Lrig1-YFP-marked cells give rise to gastric lineage epithelial cells both in the gastric corpus and antrum, in contrast to published results that Lgr5 only marks progenitor cells within the gastric antrum. Lrig1-YFP-marked cells contribute to replacement of damaged gastric oxyntic glands during the recovery phase after acute oxyntic atrophy in the gastric corpus. Lrig1 null mice recovered normally from acute gastric mucosal injury indicating that Lrig1 protein is not required for lineage differentiation. Lrig1+ isthmal progenitor cells did not contribute to transdifferentiating chief cell lineages after acute oxyntic atrophy. CONCLUSIONS Lrig1 marks gastric corpus epithelial progenitor cells capable of repopulating the damaged oxyntic mucosa by differentiating into normal gastric lineage cells in mouse stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunyoung Choi
- Nashville VA Medical Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Epithelial Biology Center, Nashville, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Tyler L Lantz
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Oregon, USA
| | - Gregory Vlacich
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Theresa M Keeley
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan, Michigan, USA
| | - Linda C Samuelson
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan, Michigan, USA
| | - Robert J Coffey
- Nashville VA Medical Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Epithelial Biology Center, Nashville, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - James R Goldenring
- Nashville VA Medical Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Epithelial Biology Center, Nashville, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Anne E Powell
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Oregon, USA
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Bohin N, Keeley TM, Carulli AJ, Carlson EA, Gao J, Aifantis I, Rajala MW, Myers MG, Jones JC, Brindley CD, Dempsey PJ, Samuelson LC. Rapid crypt cell remodeling regenerates the intestinal stem cell niche after stem cell loss induced by Notch inhibition. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.612.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Bohin
- Molecular & Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI
- Cellular and Molecular Biology ProgramUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI
| | | | | | | | - Jie Gao
- Department of PathologyNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkNY
| | - Iannis Aifantis
- Department of PathologyNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkNY
| | | | - Martin G. Myers
- Molecular & Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI
- Cellular and Molecular Biology ProgramUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI
- Internal MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI
| | - Jennifer C. Jones
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraCO
| | | | - Peter J. Dempsey
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraCO
| | - Linda C. Samuelson
- Molecular & Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI
- Cellular and Molecular Biology ProgramUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI
- Internal MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI
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14
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Sahoo N, Gu M, Zhang X, Raval N, Yang J, Bekier M, Calvo R, Patnaik S, Wang W, King G, Samie M, Gao Q, Sahoo S, Sundaresan S, Keeley TM, Wang Y, Marugan J, Ferrer M, Samuelson LC, Merchant JL, Xu H. Gastric Acid Secretion from Parietal Cells Is Mediated by a Ca 2+ Efflux Channel in the Tubulovesicle. Dev Cell 2017; 41:262-273.e6. [PMID: 28486130 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gastric acid secretion by parietal cells requires trafficking and exocytosis of H/K-ATPase-rich tubulovesicles (TVs) toward apical membranes in response to histamine stimulation via cyclic AMP elevation. Here, we found that TRPML1 (ML1), a protein that is mutated in type IV mucolipidosis (ML-IV), is a tubulovesicular channel essential for TV exocytosis and acid secretion. Whereas ML-IV patients are reportedly achlorhydric, transgenic overexpression of ML1 in mouse parietal cells induced constitutive acid secretion. Gastric acid secretion was blocked and stimulated by ML1 inhibitors and agonists, respectively. Organelle-targeted Ca2+ imaging and direct patch-clamping of apical vacuolar membranes revealed that ML1 mediates a PKA-activated conductance on TV membranes that is required for histamine-induced Ca2+ release from TV stores. Hence, we demonstrated that ML1, acting as a Ca2+ channel in TVs, links transmitter-initiated cyclic nucleotide signaling with Ca2+-dependent TV exocytosis in parietal cells, providing a regulatory mechanism that could be targeted to manage acid-related gastric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirakar Sahoo
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 3089 Natural Science Building (Kraus), 830 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Mingxue Gu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 3089 Natural Science Building (Kraus), 830 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 3089 Natural Science Building (Kraus), 830 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Neel Raval
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 3089 Natural Science Building (Kraus), 830 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Junsheng Yang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 3089 Natural Science Building (Kraus), 830 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Michael Bekier
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 3089 Natural Science Building (Kraus), 830 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Raul Calvo
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institute of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Samarjit Patnaik
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institute of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Wuyang Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 3089 Natural Science Building (Kraus), 830 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Greyson King
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 3089 Natural Science Building (Kraus), 830 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Mohammad Samie
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 3089 Natural Science Building (Kraus), 830 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Qiong Gao
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 3089 Natural Science Building (Kraus), 830 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sasmita Sahoo
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 3089 Natural Science Building (Kraus), 830 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sinju Sundaresan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Theresa M Keeley
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yanzhuang Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 3089 Natural Science Building (Kraus), 830 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Juan Marugan
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institute of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Marc Ferrer
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institute of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Linda C Samuelson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Juanita L Merchant
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Haoxing Xu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 3089 Natural Science Building (Kraus), 830 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Al Menhali A, Keeley TM, Demitrack ES, Samuelson LC. Gastrin induces parathyroid hormone-like hormone expression in gastric parietal cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2017; 312:G649-G657. [PMID: 28408643 PMCID: PMC5495916 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00366.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Parietal cells play a fundamental role in stomach maintenance, not only by creating a pathogen-free environment through the production of gastric acid, but also by secreting growth factors important for homeostasis of the gastric epithelium. The gastrointestinal hormone gastrin is known to be a central regulator of both parietal cell function and gastric epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation. Our previous gene expression profiling studies of mouse stomach identified parathyroid hormone-like hormone (PTHLH) as a potential gastrin-regulated gastric growth factor. Although PTHLH is commonly overexpressed in gastric tumors, its normal expression, function, and regulation in the stomach are poorly understood. In this study we used pharmacologic and genetic mouse models as well as human gastric cancer cell lines to determine the cellular localization and regulation of this growth factor by the hormone gastrin. Analysis of PthlhLacZ/+ knock-in reporter mice localized Pthlh expression to parietal cells in the gastric corpus. Regulation by gastrin was demonstrated by increased Pthlh mRNA abundance after acute gastrin treatment in wild-type mice and reduced expression in gastrin-deficient mice. PTHLH transcripts were also observed in normal human stomach as well as in human gastric cancer cell lines. Gastrin treatment of AGS-E gastric cancer cells induced a rapid and robust increase in numerous PTHLH mRNA isoforms. This induction was largely due to increased transcriptional initiation, although analysis of mRNA half-life showed that gastrin treatment also extended the half-life of PTHLH mRNA, suggesting that gastrin regulates expression by both transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We show that the growth factor parathyroid hormone-like hormone (PTHLH) is expressed in acid-secreting parietal cells of the mouse stomach. We define the specific PTHLH mRNA isoforms expressed in human stomach and in human gastric cancer cell lines and show that gastrin induces PTHLH expression via transcription activation and mRNA stabilization. Our findings suggest that PTHLH is a gastrin-regulated growth factor that might contribute to gastric epithelial cell homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Al Menhali
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Theresa M. Keeley
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Elise S. Demitrack
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Linda C. Samuelson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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16
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Gifford GB, Demitrack ES, Keeley TM, Tam A, La Cunza N, Dedhia PH, Spence JR, Simeone DM, Saotome I, Louvi A, Siebel CW, Samuelson LC. Notch1 and Notch2 receptors regulate mouse and human gastric antral epithelial cell homoeostasis. Gut 2017; 66:1001-1011. [PMID: 26933171 PMCID: PMC5009003 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-310811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We tested the ability of Notch pathway receptors Notch1 and Notch2 to regulate stem and epithelial cell homoeostasis in mouse and human gastric antral tissue. DESIGN Mice were treated with the pan-Notch inhibitor dibenzazepine (DBZ) or inhibitory antibodies targeting Notch1 and/or Notch2. Epithelial proliferation, apoptosis and cellular differentiation were measured by histological and molecular approaches. Organoids were established from mouse and human antral glands; growth and differentiation were measured after treatment with Notch inhibitors. RESULTS Notch1 and Notch2 are the predominant Notch receptors expressed in mouse and human antral tissue and organoid cultures. Combined inhibition of Notch1 and Notch2 in adult mice led to decreased epithelial cell proliferation, including reduced proliferation of LGR5 stem cells, and increased apoptosis, similar to the response to global Notch inhibition with DBZ. Less pronounced effects were observed after inhibition of individual receptors. Notch pathway inhibition with DBZ or combined inhibition of Notch1 and Notch2 led to increased differentiation of all gastric antral lineages, with remodelling of cells to express secretory products normally associated with other regions of the GI tract, including intestine. Analysis of mouse and human organoids showed that Notch signalling through Notch1 and Notch2 is intrinsic to the epithelium and required for organoid growth. CONCLUSIONS Notch signalling is required to maintain gastric antral stem cells. Notch1 and Notch2 are the primary Notch receptors regulating epithelial cell homoeostasis in mouse and human stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail B Gifford
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Elise S Demitrack
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Theresa M Keeley
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Andrew Tam
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Nilsa La Cunza
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Priya H Dedhia
- Department of Surgery, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jason R Spence
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Diane M Simeone
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA,Department of Surgery, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ichiko Saotome
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Angeliki Louvi
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Christian W Siebel
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Linda C Samuelson
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA,Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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17
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Demitrack ES, Gifford GB, Keeley TM, Horita N, Todisco A, Turgeon DK, Siebel CW, Samuelson LC. NOTCH1 and NOTCH2 regulate epithelial cell proliferation in mouse and human gastric corpus. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2017; 312:G133-G144. [PMID: 27932500 PMCID: PMC5338607 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00325.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The Notch signaling pathway is known to regulate stem cells and epithelial cell homeostasis in gastrointestinal tissues; however, Notch function in the corpus region of the stomach is poorly understood. In this study we examined the consequences of Notch inhibition and activation on cellular proliferation and differentiation and defined the specific Notch receptors functioning in the mouse and human corpus. Notch pathway activity was observed in the mouse corpus epithelium, and gene expression analysis revealed NOTCH1 and NOTCH2 to be the predominant Notch receptors in both mouse and human. Global Notch inhibition for 5 days reduced progenitor cell proliferation in the mouse corpus, as well as in organoids derived from mouse and human corpus tissue. Proliferation effects were mediated through both NOTCH1 and NOTCH2 receptors, as demonstrated by targeting each receptor alone or in combination with Notch receptor inhibitory antibodies. Analysis of differentiation by marker expression showed no change to the major cell lineages; however, there was a modest increase in the number of transitional cells coexpressing markers of mucous neck and chief cells. In contrast to reduced proliferation after pathway inhibition, Notch activation in the adult stomach resulted in increased proliferation coupled with reduced differentiation. These findings suggest that NOTCH1 and NOTCH2 signaling promotes progenitor cell proliferation in the mouse and human gastric corpus, which is consistent with previously defined roles for Notch in promoting stem and progenitor cell proliferation in the intestine and antral stomach. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here we demonstrate that the Notch signaling pathway is essential for proliferation of stem cells in the mouse and human gastric corpus. We identify NOTCH1 and NOTCH2 as the predominant Notch receptors expressed in both mouse and human corpus and show that both receptors are required for corpus stem cell proliferation. We show that chronic Notch activation in corpus stem cells induces hyperproliferation and tissue hypertrophy, suggesting that Notch may drive gastric tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise S. Demitrack
- 1Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan;
| | - Gail B. Gifford
- 1Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan;
| | - Theresa M. Keeley
- 1Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan;
| | - Nobukatsu Horita
- 1Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan;
| | - Andrea Todisco
- 2Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
| | - D. Kim Turgeon
- 2Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
| | - Christian W. Siebel
- 3Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Incorporated, San Francisco, California
| | - Linda C. Samuelson
- 1Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; ,2Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
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18
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Todisco A, Mao M, Keeley TM, Ye W, Samuelson LC, Eaton KA. Regulation of gastric epithelial cell homeostasis by gastrin and bone morphogenetic protein signaling. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/8/e12501. [PMID: 26290525 PMCID: PMC4562585 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We reported that transgenic expression of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling inhibitor noggin in the mouse stomach, leads to parietal-cell (PC) loss, expansion of transitional cells expressing markers of both mucus neck and zymogenic lineages, and to activation of proliferative mechanisms. Because these cellular changes were associated with increased levels of the hormone gastrin, we investigated if gastrin mediates the expression of the phenotypic changes of the noggin transgenic mice (NogTG mice). Three-month-old NogTG mice were crossed to gastrin-deficient (GasKO mice) to generate NogTG;GasKO mice. Morphology of the corpus of wild type, NogTG, GasKO, and NogTG;GasKO mice was analyzed by H&E staining. Distribution of PCs and zymogenic cells (ZCs) was analyzed by immunostaining for the H+/K+-ATPase and intrinsic factor (IF). Expression of the H+/K+-ATPase and IF genes and proteins were measured by QRT-PCR and western blots. Cell proliferation was assessed by immunostaining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen. The corpus of the NogTG;GasKO mice displayed a marked reduction in the number of PCs and ZCs in comparison to NogTG mice. Further, cellular proliferation was significantly lower in NogTG;GasKO mice, than in the NogTG mice. Thus, gastrin mediates the increase in gastric epithelial cell proliferation induced by inhibition of BMP signaling in vivo. Moreover, gastrin and BMP signaling exert cooperative effects on the maturation and differentiation of both the zymogenic and PC lineages. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the factors involved in the control of gastric epithelial cell homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Todisco
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Maria Mao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Theresa M Keeley
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Wei Ye
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Linda C Samuelson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kathryn A Eaton
- Laboratory Animal Medicine Unit, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Demitrack ES, Gifford GB, Keeley TM, Carulli AJ, VanDussen KL, Thomas D, Giordano TJ, Liu Z, Kopan R, Samuelson LC. Notch signaling regulates gastric antral LGR5 stem cell function. EMBO J 2015; 34:2522-36. [PMID: 26271103 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201490583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The major signaling pathways regulating gastric stem cells are unknown. Here we report that Notch signaling is essential for homeostasis of LGR5(+) antral stem cells. Pathway inhibition reduced proliferation of gastric stem and progenitor cells, while activation increased proliferation. Notch dysregulation also altered differentiation, with inhibition inducing mucous and endocrine cell differentiation while activation reduced differentiation. Analysis of gastric organoids demonstrated that Notch signaling was intrinsic to the epithelium and regulated growth. Furthermore, in vivo Notch manipulation affected the efficiency of organoid initiation from glands and single Lgr5-GFP stem cells, suggesting regulation of stem cell function. Strikingly, constitutive Notch activation in LGR5(+) stem cells induced tissue expansion via antral gland fission. Lineage tracing using a multi-colored reporter demonstrated that Notch-activated stem cells rapidly generate monoclonal glands, suggesting a competitive advantage over unmanipulated stem cells. Notch activation was associated with increased mTOR signaling, and mTORC1 inhibition normalized NICD-induced increases in proliferation and gland fission. Chronic Notch activation induced undifferentiated, hyper-proliferative polyps, suggesting that aberrant activation of Notch in gastric stem cells may contribute to gastric tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise S Demitrack
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gail B Gifford
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Theresa M Keeley
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alexis J Carulli
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kelli L VanDussen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dafydd Thomas
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Thomas J Giordano
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zhenyi Liu
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Raphael Kopan
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Linda C Samuelson
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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20
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Syu LJ, El-Zaatari M, Eaton KA, Liu Z, Tetarbe M, Keeley TM, Pero J, Ferris J, Wilbert D, Kaatz A, Zheng X, Qiao X, Grachtchouk M, Gumucio DL, Merchant JL, Samuelson LC, Dlugosz AA. Transgenic expression of interferon-γ in mouse stomach leads to inflammation, metaplasia, and dysplasia. Am J Pathol 2012; 181:2114-25. [PMID: 23036899 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2012] [Revised: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gastric adenocarcinoma is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality worldwide. It arises through a stepwise process that includes prominent inflammation with expression of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and multiple other pro-inflammatory cytokines. We engineered mice expressing IFN-γ under the control of the stomach-specific H(+)/K(+) ATPase β promoter to test the potential role of this cytokine in gastric tumorigenesis. Stomachs of H/K-IFN-γ transgenic mice exhibited inflammation, expansion of myofibroblasts, loss of parietal and chief cells, spasmolytic polypeptide expressing metaplasia, and dysplasia. Proliferation was elevated in undifferentiated and metaplastic epithelial cells in H/K-IFN-γ transgenic mice, and there was increased apoptosis. H/K-IFN-γ mice had elevated levels of mRNA for IFN-γ target genes and the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α. Intracellular mediators of IFN-γ and IL-6 signaling, pSTAT1 and pSTAT3, respectively, were detected in multiple cell types within stomach. H/K-IFN-γ mice developed dysplasia as early as 3 months of age, and 4 of 39 mice over 1 year of age developed antral polyps or tumors, including one adenoma and one adenocarcinoma, which expressed high levels of nuclear β-catenin. Our data identified IFN-γ as a pivotal secreted factor that orchestrates complex changes in inflammatory, epithelial, and mesenchymal cell populations to drive pre-neoplastic progression in stomach; however, additional alterations appear to be required for malignant conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jyun Syu
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Liu Z, Demitrack ES, Keeley TM, Eaton KA, El-Zaatari M, Merchant JL, Samuelson LC. IFNγ contributes to the development of gastric epithelial cell metaplasia in Huntingtin interacting protein 1 related (Hip1r)-deficient mice. J Transl Med 2012; 92:1045-57. [PMID: 22525425 PMCID: PMC3387317 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2012.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntingtin interacting protein 1 related (Hip1r) is an F-actin- and clathrin-binding protein involved in vesicular trafficking that is crucial for parietal cell function and epithelial cell homeostasis in the stomach. Gastric parietal cells in Hip1r-deficient mice are lost by apoptotic cell death, which leads to a progressive epithelial cell derangement, including glandular hypertrophy, zymogenic cell loss and expansion of a metaplastic mucous cell lineage known as spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM). The epithelial cell changes are associated with infiltration of inflammatory cells. As inflammatory mediators, such as IFNγ, have been shown to contribute to the development of the gastric epithelial cell metaplasia after Helicobacter infection, we tested whether IFNγ played a role in the spontaneous progressive epithelial metaplasia observed in Hip1r-deficient mice. Hip1r-deficient mice were crossed with IFNγ-deficient mice and single- and double-mutant mice were analyzed at 3 and 12 months of age. Histopathology scoring showed that loss of IFNγ tempered the spontaneous development of metaplastic lesions in Hip1r-deficient mice. Loss of IFNγ was observed to abrogate the glandular hypertrophy evident in Hip1r mutant stomach, although increased epithelial cell proliferation and elevated gastrin levels were not affected by the presence or absence of this pro-inflammatory cytokine. An analysis of cell lineage markers in the double-mutant mice demonstrated that IFNγ specifically affected the development of metaplastic mucous cells in the neck region, whereas the parietal cell, surface mucous cell and zymogenic cell alterations remained similar to the histopathology in the Hip1r mutant. Morphometric analysis showed that IFNγ was required for the mucous cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia observed in Hip1r-deficient mice. Together, these findings demonstrate that IFNγ is critical for the development of the gastric epithelial cell metaplasia that results from parietal cell atrophy in the Hip1r-deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Liu
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Elise S. Demitrack
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Theresa M. Keeley
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kathryn A. Eaton
- Laboratory Animal Medicine Unit, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mohamad El-Zaatari
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Juanita L. Merchant
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Linda C. Samuelson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Samuelson LC, VanDussen KL, Carulli AJ, Keeley TM, Smith J. Notch signaling regulates proliferation and differentiation of the intestinal crypt base columnar (CBC) stem cell. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.1160.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linda C Samuelson
- Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI
| | - Kelli L VanDussen
- Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI
| | - Alexis J Carulli
- Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI
| | - Theresa M Keeley
- Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI
| | - Julie Smith
- Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI
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VanDussen KL, Carulli AJ, Keeley TM, Patel SR, Puthoff BJ, Magness ST, Tran IT, Maillard I, Siebel C, Kolterud Å, Grosse AS, Gumucio DL, Ernst SA, Tsai YH, Dempsey PJ, Samuelson LC. Notch signaling modulates proliferation and differentiation of intestinal crypt base columnar stem cells. Development 2011; 139:488-97. [PMID: 22190634 DOI: 10.1242/dev.070763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 396] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling is known to regulate the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal stem and progenitor cells; however, direct cellular targets and specific functions of Notch signals had not been identified. We show here in mice that Notch directly targets the crypt base columnar (CBC) cell to maintain stem cell activity. Notch inhibition induced rapid CBC cell loss, with reduced proliferation, apoptotic cell death and reduced efficiency of organoid initiation. Furthermore, expression of the CBC stem cell-specific marker Olfm4 was directly dependent on Notch signaling, with transcription activated through RBP-Jκ binding sites in the promoter. Notch inhibition also led to precocious differentiation of epithelial progenitors into secretory cell types, including large numbers of cells that expressed both Paneth and goblet cell markers. Analysis of Notch function in Atoh1-deficient intestine demonstrated that the cellular changes were dependent on Atoh1, whereas Notch regulation of Olfm4 gene expression was Atoh1 independent. Our findings suggest that Notch targets distinct progenitor cell populations to maintain adult intestinal stem cells and to regulate cell fate choice to control epithelial cell homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli L VanDussen
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Keeley TM, Samuelson LC. Cytodifferentiation of the postnatal mouse stomach in normal and Huntingtin-interacting protein 1-related-deficient mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2010; 299:G1241-51. [PMID: 20813912 PMCID: PMC3006248 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00239.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Huntingtin-interacting protein 1-related (Hip1r) is highly expressed in gastric parietal cells, where it participates in vesicular trafficking associated with acid secretion. Hip1r-deficient mice have a progressive remodeling of the mucosa, including apoptotic loss of parietal cells, glandular hypertrophy, mucous cell metaplasia, and reduced numbers of zymogenic cells. In this study, we characterized gastric gland development in wild-type and Hip1r-deficient mice to define normal development, as well as the timing and sequence of the cellular transformation events in the mutant stomach. Postnatal (newborn to 8-wk-old) stomachs were examined by histological and gene expression analysis. At birth, gastric glands in wild-type and mutant mice were rudimentary and mature gastric epithelial cells were not apparent, although marker expression was detected for most cell lineages. Interestingly, newborns exhibited unusual cell types, including a novel surface cell filled with lipid and cells that coexpressed markers of mature mucous neck and zymogenic cells. Glandular morphogenesis proceeded rapidly in both genotypes, with gastric glands formed by weaning at 3 wk of age. In the Hip1r-deficient stomach, epithelial cell remodeling developed in a progressive manner. Initially, in the perinatal stomach, cellular changes were limited to parietal cell apoptosis. Other epithelial cell changes, including apoptotic loss of zymogenic cells and expansion of metaplastic mucous cells, emerged several weeks later when the glands were morphologically mature. Thus, parietal cell loss appeared to be the initiating event in Hip1r-deficient mice, with secondary remodeling of the other gastric epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa M. Keeley
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Linda C. Samuelson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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25
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Shinohara M, Mao M, Keeley TM, El–Zaatari M, Lee H, Eaton KA, Samuelson LC, Merchant JL, Goldenring JR, Todisco A. Bone morphogenetic protein signaling regulates gastric epithelial cell development and proliferation in mice. Gastroenterology 2010; 139:2050-2060.e2. [PMID: 20826155 PMCID: PMC3039550 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2010.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2010] [Revised: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS We investigated the role of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling in the regulation of gastric epithelial cell growth and differentiation by generating transgenic mice that express the BMP inhibitor noggin in the stomach. METHODS The promoter of the mouse H+/K+-ATPase β-subunit gene, which is specifically expressed in parietal cells, was used to regulate expression of noggin in the gastric epithelium of mice. The transgenic mice were analyzed for noggin expression, tissue morphology, cellular composition of the gastric mucosa, gastric acid content, and plasma levels of gastrin. Tissues were analyzed by immunohistochemical, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunoblot, microtitration, and radioimmunoassay analyses. RESULTS In the stomachs of the transgenic mice, phosphorylation of Smad 1, 5, and 8 decreased, indicating inhibition of BMP signaling. Mucosa were of increased height, with dilated glands, cystic structures, reduced numbers of parietal cells, and increased numbers of cells that coexpressed intrinsic factor, trefoil factor 2, and Griffonia (Bandeiraea) simplicifolia lectin II, compared with wild-type mice. In the transgenic mice, levels of the H+/K+-ATPase α-subunit protein and messenger RNA were reduced, whereas those of intrinsic factor increased. The transgenic mice were hypochloridric and had an increased number of Ki67- and proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive cells; increased levels of plasma gastrin; increased expression of transforming growth factor-α, amphiregulin, and gastrin; and activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2. CONCLUSIONS Inhibiting BMP signaling in the stomachs of mice by expression of noggin causes loss of parietal cells, development of transitional cells that express markers of mucus neck and zymogenic lineages, and activation of proliferation. BMPs are therefore important regulators of gastric epithelial cell homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Shinohara
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Maria Mao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Theresa M. Keeley
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Mohamad El–Zaatari
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Hyuk–Joon Lee
- Nashville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville,Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee,Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kathryn A. Eaton
- Laboratory Animal Medicine Unit, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Linda C. Samuelson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Juanita L. Merchant
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - James R. Goldenring
- Nashville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville,Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee,Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Andrea Todisco
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Jain RN, Al-Menhali AA, Keeley TM, Ren J, El-Zaatari M, Chen X, Merchant JL, Ross TS, Chew CS, Samuelson LC. Hip1r is expressed in gastric parietal cells and is required for tubulovesicle formation and cell survival in mice. J Clin Invest 2008; 118:2459-70. [PMID: 18535670 DOI: 10.1172/jci33569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2007] [Accepted: 04/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntingtin interacting protein 1 related (Hip1r) is an F-actin- and clathrin-binding protein involved in vesicular trafficking. In this study, we demonstrate that Hip1r is abundantly expressed in the gastric parietal cell, predominantly localizing with F-actin to canalicular membranes. Hip1r may provide a critical function in vivo, as demonstrated by extensive changes to parietal cells and the gastric epithelium in Hip1r-deficient mice. Electron microscopy revealed abnormal apical canalicular membranes and loss of tubulovesicles in mutant parietal cells, suggesting that Hip1r is necessary for the normal trafficking of these secretory membranes. Accordingly, acid secretory dynamics were altered in mutant parietal cells, with enhanced activation and acid trapping, as measured in isolated gastric glands. At the whole-organ level, gastric acidity was reduced in Hip1r-deficient mice, and the gastric mucosa was grossly transformed, with fewer parietal cells due to enhanced apoptotic cell death and glandular hypertrophy associated with cellular transformation. Hip1r-deficient mice had increased expression of the gastric growth factor gastrin, and mice mutant for both gastrin and Hip1r exhibited normalization of both proliferation and gland height. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that Hip1r plays a significant role in gastric physiology, mucosal architecture, and secretory membrane dynamics in parietal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu N Jain
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2200, USA
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27
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Ren JH, Keeley TM, Samuelson LC. Upregulation of interferon‐gamma signaling in Hip1r‐deficient mouse stomach. FASEB J 2008. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.22.1_supplement.939.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jim H. Ren
- Department of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI
| | - Theresa M Keeley
- Department of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI
| | - Linda C. Samuelson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI
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28
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López-Díaz L, Jain RN, Keeley TM, VanDussen KL, Brunkan CS, Gumucio DL, Samuelson LC. Intestinal Neurogenin 3 directs differentiation of a bipotential secretory progenitor to endocrine cell rather than goblet cell fate. Dev Biol 2007; 309:298-305. [PMID: 17706959 PMCID: PMC2679162 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2007.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2007] [Revised: 07/12/2007] [Accepted: 07/16/2007] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Neurogenin 3 is essential for enteroendocrine cell development; however, it is unknown whether this transcription factor is sufficient to induce an endocrine program in the intestine or how it affects the development of other epithelial cells originating from common progenitors. In this study, the mouse villin promoter was used to drive Neurogenin 3 expression throughout the developing epithelium to measure the affect on cell fate. Although the general morphology of the intestine was unchanged, transgenic founder embryos displayed increased numbers of cells expressing the pan-endocrine marker chromogranin A. Accordingly, expression of several hormones and pro-endocrine transcription factors was increased in the transgenics suggesting that Neurogenin 3 stimulated a program of terminal enteroendocrine cell development. To test whether increased endocrine cell differentiation affected the development of other secretory cell lineages, we quantified goblet cells, the only other secretory cell formed in embryonic intestine. The Neurogenin 3-expressing transgenics had decreased numbers of goblet cells in correspondence to the increase in endocrine cells, with no change in the total secretory cell numbers. Thus, our data suggest that Neurogenin 3 can redirect the differentiation of bipotential secretory progenitors to endocrine rather than goblet cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lymari López-Díaz
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0622
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0622
| | - Renu N. Jain
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0622
| | - Theresa M. Keeley
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0622
| | - Kelli L. VanDussen
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0622
| | - Cynthia S. Brunkan
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0622
| | - Deborah L. Gumucio
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0622
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0622
| | - Linda C. Samuelson
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0622
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0622
- Corresponding author: Linda Samuelson, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan, 2041 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Pl, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, Phone: (734) 764-9448, Fax: (734) 763-1166,
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