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Tan P, Chu Y. Single-cell profiling of gastric cardia adenocarcinoma reveals drivers of cancer stemness and therapeutic targets. Gut 2023; 73:1-2. [PMID: 37336631 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-329887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Singapore
| | - Yunqiang Chu
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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2
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Gao ZR, Zhou YH, Zhao YQ, Zhao J, Ye Q, Zhang SH, Feng Y, Tan L, Liu Q, Chen Y, Ouyang ZY, Hu J, Dusenge MA, Feng YZ, Guo Y. Kangfuxin Accelerates Extraction Socket Healing by Promoting Angiogenesis Via Upregulation of CCL2 in Stem Cells. J Bone Miner Res 2023; 38:1208-1221. [PMID: 37221128 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Kangfuxin (KFX) shows potential in wound healing, but its role in socket healing is unclear. This research finds increased bone mass, mineralization, and collagen deposition in KFX-treated mice. Mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs), and human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) are treated with KFX under osteogenic induction. RNA-sequencing reveals upregulated chemokine-related genes, with a threefold increase in chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (Ccl2). The conditioned medium (CM) of hPDLSCs and hDPSCs treated with KFX promotes endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis. Ccl2 knockdown abolishes CM-induced endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis, which can be reversed by recombinant CCL2 treatment. KFX-treated mice showed increased vasculature. In conclusion, KFX increases the expression of CCL2 in stem cells, promoting bone formation and mineralization in the extraction socket by inducing endothelial cell angiogenesis. © 2023 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Rong Gao
- Department of Stomatology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying-Hui Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ya-Qiong Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qin Ye
- Department of Stomatology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shao-Hui Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yao Feng
- Department of Stomatology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Tan
- Department of Stomatology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Department of Stomatology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Stomatology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ze-Yue Ouyang
- Department of Stomatology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Stomatology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Marie Aimee Dusenge
- Department of Stomatology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yun-Zhi Feng
- Department of Stomatology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yue Guo
- Department of Stomatology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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3
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Fan Y, Li Y, Yao X, Jin J, Scott A, Liu B, Wang S, Huo L, Wang Y, Wang R, Pool Pizzi M, Ma L, Shao S, Sewastjanow-Silva M, Waters R, Chatterjee D, Liu B, Shanbhag N, Peng G, Calin GA, Mazur PK, Hanash SM, Ishizawa J, Hirata Y, Nagano O, Wang Z, Wang L, Xian W, McKeon F, Ajani JA, Song S. Epithelial SOX9 drives progression and metastases of gastric adenocarcinoma by promoting immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment. Gut 2023; 72:624-637. [PMID: 36002248 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-326581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many cancers engage embryonic genes for rapid growth and evading the immune system. SOX9 has been upregulated in many tumours, yet the role of SOX9 in mediating immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment is unclear. Here, we aim to dissect the role of SOX9-mediated cancer stemness attributes and immunosuppressive microenvironment in advanced gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) for novel therapeutic discoveries. METHODS Bulk RNAseq/scRNA-seq, patient-derived cells/models and extensive functional studies were used to identify the expression and functions of SOX9 and its target genes in vitro and in vivo. Immune responses were studied in PBMCs or CD45+ immune cells cocultured with tumour cells with SOX9high or knockout and the KP-Luc2 syngeneic models were used for efficacy of combinations. RESULTS SOX9 is one of the most upregulated SOX genes in GAC and highly expressed in primary and metastatic tissues and associated with poor prognosis. Depletion of SOX9 in patient-derived GAC cells significantly decreased cancer stemness attributes, tumour formation and metastases and consistently increased CD8+ T cell responses when cocultured with PBMCs/CD45+ cells from GAC patients. RNA sequencing identified the leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) as the top secreted molecule regulated by SOX9 in tumour cells and was enriched in malignant ascites and mediated SOX9-induced M2 macrophage repolarisation and inhibited T cell function. CONCLUSION Epithelial SOX9 is critical in suppressing CD8+ T cell responses and modified macrophage function in GAC through the paracrine LIF factor. Cotargeting LIF/LIFR and CSF1R has great potential in targeting SOX9-mediated cancer stemness, T cell immunosuppression and metastases suggesting the novel combination therapy against advanced GAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Fan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Xiaodan Yao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jiangkang Jin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ailing Scott
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bovey Liu
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Longfei Huo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ruiping Wang
- Departments of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Melissa Pool Pizzi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lang Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shan Shao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matheus Sewastjanow-Silva
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rebecca Waters
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Deyali Chatterjee
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Epigenet & Mol Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Namita Shanbhag
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guang Peng
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - George Adrian Calin
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pawel Karol Mazur
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Samir M Hanash
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jo Ishizawa
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuki Hirata
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Osamu Nagano
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zhenning Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Linghua Wang
- Departments of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wa Xian
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Frank McKeon
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jaffer A Ajani
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shumei Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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4
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Jing D, Chen Z, Men Y, Yi Y, Wang Y, Wang J, Yi J, Wan L, Shen B, Feng JQ, Zhao Z, Zhao H, Li C. Response of Gli1 + Suture Stem Cells to Mechanical Force Upon Suture Expansion. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:1307-1320. [PMID: 35443291 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Normal development of craniofacial sutures is crucial for cranial and facial growth in all three dimensions. These sutures provide a unique niche for suture stem cells (SuSCs), which are indispensable for homeostasis, damage repair, as well as stress balance. Expansion appliances are now routinely used to treat underdevelopment of the skull and maxilla, stimulating the craniofacial sutures through distraction osteogenesis. However, various treatment challenges exist due to a lack of full understanding of the mechanism through which mechanical forces stimulate suture and bone remodeling. To address this issue, we first identified crucial steps in the cycle of suture and bone remodeling based on the established standard suture expansion model. Observed spatiotemporal morphological changes revealed that the remodeling cycle is approximately 3 to 4 weeks, with collagen restoration proceeding more rapidly. Next, we traced the fate of the Gli1+ SuSCs lineage upon application of tensile force in three dimensions. SuSCs were rapidly activated and greatly contributed to bone remodeling within 1 month. Furthermore, we confirmed the presence of Wnt activity within Gli1+ SuSCs based on the high co-expression ratio of Gli1+ cells and Axin2+ cells, which also indicated the homogeneity and heterogeneity of two cell groups. Because Wnt signaling in the sutures is highly upregulated upon tensile force loading, conditional knockout of β-catenin largely restricted the activation of Gli1+ SuSCs and suppressed bone remodeling under physiological and expansion conditions. Thus, we concluded that Gli1+ SuSCs play essential roles in suture and bone remodeling stimulated by mechanical force and that Wnt signaling is crucial to this process. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Jing
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zexi Chen
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Men
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yating Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianru Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingyun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Shen
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Q Feng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hu Zhao
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoyuan Li
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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5
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Silvosa MJ, Romo Mercado N, Merlock N, Vidhate S, Mejia-Alvarez R, Yuan T, Willis AM, Lybrand ZR. Understanding primary blast injury: High frequency pressure acutely disrupts neuronal network dynamics in cerebral organoids. J Neurotrauma 2022; 39:1575-1590. [PMID: 35765922 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2022.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Blast exposure represents a common occupational risk capable of generating mild to severe traumatic brain injuries (TBI). During blast exposure, a pressure shockwave passes through the skull and exposes brain tissue to complex pressure waveforms. The primary neurophysiological response to blast-induced pressure waveforms remains poorly understood. Here, we use a computer-controlled table-top pressure chamber to expose human stem cell-derived cerebral organoids to varied frequency of pressure waves and characterize the neurophysiological response. Pressure waves that reach a maximum amplitude of 250kPa were used to model a less severe TBI and 350kPa for a more severe blast TBI event. With each amplitude, a frequency range of 500Hz, 3000Hz, and 5000Hz was tested. Following the 250 kPa overpressure a multielectrode array recorded organoid neural activity. We observed an acute suppression neuronal activity in single unit events, population events, and network oscillations that recovered within 24 hours. Additionally, we observed a network desynchronization after exposure higher frequency waveforms. Conversely, organoids exposed to higher amplitude pressure (350kPa) displayed drastic neurophysiological differences that failed to recover within 24 hours. Furthermore, lower amplitude 'blast' (250kPa) did not induce cellular damage whereas the higher amplitude 'blast' (350kPa) generated greater apoptosis throughout each organoid. Our data indicate that specific features of pressure waves found intracranially during blast TBI have varied effects on neurophysiological activity that can occur even without cellular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nikolas Merlock
- UTSA, 12346, Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, San Antonio, Texas, United States;
| | - Suhas Vidhate
- National Institutes of Health, 2511, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, United States;
| | - Ricardo Mejia-Alvarez
- Michigan State University, 3078, Department of Mechanical Engineering, East Lansing, Michigan, United States;
| | - Tony Yuan
- 59th Medical Wing, 495529, Diagnostic and Therapeutic, 1632 Nellis Street, Bldg. 5406, Rm: B-207, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland, Texas, United States, 78236-5415;
| | - Adam M Willis
- Michigan State University, 3078, Department of Mechanical Engineering, East Lansing, Michigan, United States.,59th Medical Wing, 495529, Diagnostic and Therapeutic, Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland, Texas, United States;
| | - Zane R Lybrand
- Texas Woman's University, 2910, Biology, P.O. Box 425799, Denton, Denton, Texas, United States, 76204;
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6
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Shibata R, Nagoshi N, Kajikawa K, Ito S, Shibata S, Shindo T, Khazaei M, Nori S, Kohyama J, Fehlings MG, Matsumoto M, Nakamura M, Okano H. Administration of C5a receptor antagonist improves the efficacy of human iPSCs-derived NS/PC transplantation in the acute phase of spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma 2022; 39:667-682. [PMID: 35196890 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2021.0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural stem/progenitor cell (hiPSC-NS/PCs) transplantation during the acute phase of spinal cord injury (SCI) is not effective due to the inflammatory response occurring immediately after SCI, which negatively impacts transplanted cell survival. Therefore, we chose to study the powerful chemoattractant complement C5a as a method to generate a more favorable transplantation environment. We hypothesized that suppression of the inflammatory response immediately after SCI by C5a receptor antagonist (C5aRA) would improve the efficacy of hiPSC-NS/PCs transplantation for acute phase SCI. Here, we evaluated the influence of C5aRA on the inflammatory reaction during the acute phase after SCI, and observed significant reductions in several inflammatory cytokines, macrophages, neutrophils and apoptotic markers. Next, we divided the SCI mice into 4 groups: i) Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) only, ii) C5aRA only, iii) PBS + transplantation (PBS+TP), and iv) C5aRA + transplantation (C5aRA+TP). Immediately after SCI, C5aRA or PBS was injected once a day for 4 consecutive days, followed by hiPSC-NS/PC transplantation or PBS into the lesion epicenter on day 4. The C5aRA+TP group had better functional improvement as compared to the PBS only group. The C5aRA+TP group also had a significantly higher cell survival rate compared to the PBS+TP group. This study demonstrates that administration of C5aRA can suppress the inflammatory response during the acute phase of SCI, while improving the survival rate of transplanted hiPSC-NS/PCs as well as enhancing motor functional restoration. hiPSC-NS/PC transplantation with C5aRA is a promising treatment during the acute injury phase for SCI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reo Shibata
- Keio University School of Medicine, Orthopaedics Surgery, Shinjuku-ku, Japan.,Keio University School of Medicine, Physiology, Shinjuku-ku, Japan;
| | - Narihito Nagoshi
- Keio University School of Medicine, Orthopaedics Surgery, Shinjuku-ku, Japan;
| | - Keita Kajikawa
- Keio University School of Medicine, Orthopaedics Surgery, Shinjuku-ku, Japan;
| | - Shuhei Ito
- Keio University School of Medicine, Orthopaedics Surgery, Shinjuku-ku, Japan;
| | - Shinsuke Shibata
- Keio University School of Medicine, Electron Microscope Laboratory, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Division of Microscopic Anatomy, Niigata, Japan;
| | - Tomoko Shindo
- Keio University School of Medicine, Electron Microscope Laboratory, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan;
| | - Mohamad Khazaei
- University Health Network, Division of Genetics and Development, Toronto Western Research Institute, Krembil Neuroscience Program, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
| | - Satoshi Nori
- Keio University School of Medicine, Orthopaedics Surgery, Shinjuku-ku, Japan;
| | - Jun Kohyama
- Keio University School of Medicine, Physiology, Shinjuku-ku, Japan;
| | - Michael G Fehlings
- University Health Network, Division of Genetics and Development, Toronto Western Research Institute, Krembil Neuroscience Program, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
| | - Morio Matsumoto
- Keio University School of Medicine, Orthopaedics Surgery, Shinjuku-ku, Japan;
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Keio University School of Medicine, Orthopaedics Surgery, Shinjuku-ku, Japan;
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Keio University School of Medicine, Physiology, Shinjuku-ku, Japan;
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7
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Liang Y, Wu J, Zhu JH, Yang H. Exosomes secreted by hypoxia-preconditioned adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells reduce neuronal apoptosis in rats with spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma 2022; 39:701-714. [PMID: 35018814 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2021.0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal death is the main cause of nerve function impairment after spinal cord injury (SCI). Exosome-based therapy has become a novel strategy for tissue injury repair. We designed a method to treat SCI using exosomes secreted by adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) under hypoxic conditions. We established a neuronal oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R) model in vitro to simulate the hypoxic environment after SCI. We observed that exosomes derived from hypoxia-conditioned ADSCs (Hypo-exos) significantly reduced neuronal apoptosis after OGD. By establishing a rat SCI model, we found that Hypo-exos can significantly reduce the formation of cavities in the injured area and improve the functional recovery of the hind limbs of rats after injury. To explore the molecular mechanism, we conducted miRNA sequencing analysis of exosomes. Through RT-PCR, dual luciferase reporter assays and signaling pathway chip analysis, we determined that miR-499a-5p regulates the JNK3/c-jun-apoptotic signaling pathway by targeting JNK3. Furthermore, we verified the expression of the key proteins in the JNK3/c-jun-apoptotic signaling pathway by immunofluorescence and western blotting. These results support the hypothesis that Hypo-exos can reduce neuronal apoptosis after SCI and may provide new methods to treat SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liang
- Xiangya Hospital Central South University, 159374, Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedic, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China, Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008;
| | - Jianhuang Wu
- Xiangya Hospital Central South University, 159374, Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedic, Changsha, Hunan, China;
| | - Jing-Hui Zhu
- Xiangya Hospital Central South University, 159374, Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedic, Changsha, Hunan, China;
| | - Hui Yang
- Second Xiangya Hospital, 70566, Department of Radiology, Changsha, Hunan, China;
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8
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Riffault M, Johnson GP, Owen MM, Javaheri B, Pitsillides AA, Hoey DA. Loss of Adenylyl Cyclase 6 in Leptin Receptor-Expressing Stromal Cells Attenuates Loading-Induced Endosteal Bone Formation. JBMR Plus 2020; 4:e10408. [PMID: 33210061 PMCID: PMC7657397 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow stromal/stem cells represent a quiescent cell population that replenish the osteoblast bone‐forming cell pool with age and in response to injury, maintaining bone mass and repair. A potent mediator of stromal/stem cell differentiation in vitro and bone formation in vivo is physical loading, yet it still remains unclear whether loading‐induced bone formation requires the osteogenic differentiation of these resident stromal/stem cells. Therefore, in this study, we utilized the leptin receptor (LepR) to identify and trace the contribution of bone marrow stromal cells to mechanoadaptation of bone in vivo. Twelve‐week‐old Lepr‐cre;tdTomato mice were subjected to compressive tibia loading with an 11 N peak load for 40 cycles, every other day for 2 weeks. Histological analysis revealed that Lepr‐cre;tdTomato+ cells arise perinatally around blood vessels and populate bone surfaces as lining cells or osteoblasts before a percentage undergo osteocytogenesis. Lepr‐cre;tdTomato+ stromal cells within the marrow increase in abundance with age, but not following the application of tibial compressive loading. Mechanical loading induces an increase in bone mass and bone formation parameters, yet does not evoke an increase in Lepr‐cre;tdTomato+ osteoblasts or osteocytes. To investigate whether adenylyl cyclase‐6 (AC6) in LepR cells contributes to this mechanoadaptive response, Lepr‐cre;tdTomato mice were further crossed with AC6fl/fl mice to generate a LepR+ cell‐specific knockout of AC6. These Lepr‐cre;tdTomato;AC6fl/fl animals have an attenuated response to compressive tibia loading, characterized by a deficient load‐induced osteogenic response on the endosteal bone surface. This, therefore, shows that Lepr‐cre;tdTomato+ cells contribute to short‐term bone mechanoadaptation. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Riffault
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland.,Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing, and Biomedical Engineering School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER) Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Gillian P Johnson
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland.,Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing, and Biomedical Engineering School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER) Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland.,Department of Mechanical, Aeronautical and Biomedical Engineering University of Limerick Limerick Ireland
| | - Madeline M Owen
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland.,Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing, and Biomedical Engineering School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Behzad Javaheri
- Skeletal Biology Group, Comparative Biomedical Sciences The Royal Veterinary College London United Kingdom
| | - Andrew A Pitsillides
- Skeletal Biology Group, Comparative Biomedical Sciences The Royal Veterinary College London United Kingdom
| | - David A Hoey
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland.,Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing, and Biomedical Engineering School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER) Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland.,Department of Mechanical, Aeronautical and Biomedical Engineering University of Limerick Limerick Ireland
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9
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Yang M, Arai A, Udagawa N, Zhao L, Nishida D, Murakami K, Hiraga T, Takao-Kawabata R, Matsuo K, Komori T, Kobayashi Y, Takahashi N, Isogai Y, Ishizuya T, Yamaguchi A, Mizoguchi T. Parathyroid Hormone Shifts Cell Fate of a Leptin Receptor-Marked Stromal Population from Adipogenic to Osteoblastic Lineage. J Bone Miner Res 2019; 34:1952-1963. [PMID: 31173642 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Intermittent parathyroid hormone (iPTH) treatment induces bone anabolic effects that result in the recovery of osteoporotic bone loss. Human PTH is usually given to osteoporotic patients because it induces osteoblastogenesis. However, the mechanism by which PTH stimulates the expansion of stromal cell populations and their maturation toward the osteoblastic cell lineage has not be elucidated. Mouse genetic lineage tracing revealed that iPTH treatment induced osteoblastic differentiation of bone marrow (BM) mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells (MSPCs), which carried the leptin receptor (LepR)-Cre. Although these findings suggested that part of the PTH-induced bone anabolic action is exerted because of osteoblastic commitment of MSPCs, little is known about the in vivo mechanistic details of these processes. Here, we showed that LepR+ MSPCs differentiated into type I collagen (Col1)+ mature osteoblasts in response to iPTH treatment. Along with osteoblastogenesis, the number of Col1+ mature osteoblasts increased around the bone surface, although most of them were characterized as quiescent cells. However, the number of LepR-Cre-marked lineage cells in a proliferative state also increased in the vicinity of bone tissue after iPTH treatment. The expression levels of SP7/osterix (Osx) and Col1, which are markers for osteoblasts, were also increased in the LepR+ MSPCs population in response to iPTH treatment. In contrast, the expression levels of Cebpb, Pparg, and Zfp467, which are adipocyte markers, decreased in this population. Consistent with these results, iPTH treatment inhibited 5-fluorouracil- or ovariectomy (OVX)-induced LepR+ MSPC-derived adipogenesis in BM and increased LepR+ MSPC-derived osteoblasts, even under the adipocyte-induced conditions. Treatment of OVX rats with iPTH significantly affected the osteoporotic bone tissue and expansion of the BM adipose tissue. These results indicated that iPTH treatment induced transient proliferation of the LepR+ MSPCs and skewed their lineage differentiation from adipocytes toward osteoblasts, resulting in an expanded, quiescent, and mature osteoblast population. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Yang
- Institute for Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Atsushi Arai
- Department of Orthodontics, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Udagawa
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- Institute for Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nishida
- Institute for Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kohei Murakami
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Toru Hiraga
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Ryoko Takao-Kawabata
- Laboratory for Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Koichi Matsuo
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Komori
- Department of Cell Biology, Unit of Basic Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | - Naoyuki Takahashi
- Institute for Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Isogai
- Laboratory for Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Toshinori Ishizuya
- Laboratory for Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Yamaguchi
- Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihide Mizoguchi
- Institute for Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, Japan.,Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Liu C, Cabahug-Zuckerman P, Stubbs C, Pendola M, Cai C, Mann KA, Castillo AB. Mechanical Loading Promotes the Expansion of Primitive Osteoprogenitors and Organizes Matrix and Vascular Morphology in Long Bone Defects. J Bone Miner Res 2019; 34:896-910. [PMID: 30645780 PMCID: PMC8263903 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Elucidating the effects of mechanical stimulation on bone repair is crucial for optimization of the healing process. Specifically, the regulatory role that mechanical loading exerts on the osteogenic stem cell pool and vascular morphology during healing is incompletely understood. Because dynamic loading has been shown to enhance osteogenesis and repair, we hypothesized that loading induces the expansion of the osteoprogenitor cell population within a healing bone defect, leading to an increased presence of osteogenic cells. We further hypothesized that loading during the repair process regulates vascular and collagen matrix morphology and spatial interactions between vessels and osteogenic cells. To address these hypotheses, we used a mechanobiological bone repair model, which produces a consistent and reproducible intramembranous repair response confined in time and space. Bilateral tibial defects were created in adult C57BL/6 mice, which were subjected to axial compressive dynamic loading either during the early cellular invasion phase on postsurgical days (PSDs) 2 to 5 or during the matrix deposition phase on PSD 5 to 8. Confocal and two-photon microscopy was used to generate high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) renderings of longitudinal thick sections of the defect on PSD 10. Endomucin (EMCN)-positive vessels, Paired related homeobox 1 (Prrx1+) stem cell antigen-1 positive (Sca-1+) primitive osteoprogenitors (OPCs), and osterix positive (Osx+) preosteoblasts were visualized and quantified using deep tissue immunohistochemistry. New bone matrix was visualized with second harmonic generation autofluorescence of collagen fibers. We found that mechanical loading during the matrix deposition phase (PSD 5 to 8) increased vessel volume and number, and aligned vessels and collagen fibers to the load-bearing direction of bone. Furthermore, loading led to a significant increase in the proliferation and number of Prrx1+ Sca-1+ primitive OPCs, but not Osx+ preosteoblasts within the defect. Together, these data illustrate the adaptation of both collagen matrix and vascular morphology to better withstand mechanical load during bone repair, and that the mechanoresponsive cell population consists of the primitive osteogenic progenitors. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA.,Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pamela Cabahug-Zuckerman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher Stubbs
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martin Pendola
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cinyee Cai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth A Mann
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Upstate Medical University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alesha B Castillo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA.,Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY, USA
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11
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Wang X, Matthews BG, Yu J, Novak S, Grcevic D, Sanjay A, Kalajzic I. PDGF Modulates BMP2-Induced Osteogenesis in Periosteal Progenitor Cells. JBMR Plus 2019; 3:e10127. [PMID: 31131345 PMCID: PMC6524680 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BMPs are used in various clinical applications to promote bone formation. The limited success of the BMPs in clinical settings and supraphysiological doses required for their effects prompted us to evaluate the influence of other signaling molecules, specifically platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) on BMP2‐induced osteogenesis. Periosteal cells make a major contribution to fracture healing. We detected broad expression of PDGF receptor beta (PDGFRβ) within the intact periosteum and healing callus during fracture repair. In vitro, periosteum‐derived progenitor cells were highly responsive to PDGF as demonstrated by increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis. However, PDGF blocked BMP2‐induced osteogenesis by inhibiting the canonical BMP2/Smad pathway and downstream target gene expression. This effect is mediated via PDGFRβ and involves ERK1/2 MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. Therapeutic targeting of the PDGFRβ pathway in periosteum‐mediated bone repair might have profound implications in the treatment of bone disease in the future. © 2018 The Authors JBMR Plus is published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences UConn Health Farmington CT USA
| | - Brya G Matthews
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences UConn Health Farmington CT USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - Jungeun Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery UConn Health Farmington CT USA
| | - Sanja Novak
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences UConn Health Farmington CT USA
| | - Danka Grcevic
- Department of Physiology and Immunology School of Medicine University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| | - Archana Sanjay
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery UConn Health Farmington CT USA
| | - Ivo Kalajzic
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences UConn Health Farmington CT USA
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12
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Dotti I, Mora-Buch R, Ferrer-Picón E, Planell N, Jung P, Masamunt MC, Leal RF, Martín de Carpi J, Llach J, Ordás I, Batlle E, Panés J, Salas A. Alterations in the epithelial stem cell compartment could contribute to permanent changes in the mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis. Gut 2017; 66:2069-2079. [PMID: 27803115 PMCID: PMC5749340 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-312609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE UC is a chronic inflammatory disease of the colonic mucosa. Growing evidence supports a role for epithelial cell defects in driving pathology. Moreover, long-lasting changes in the epithelial barrier have been reported in quiescent UC. Our aim was to investigate whether epithelial cell defects could originate from changes in the epithelial compartment imprinted by the disease. DESIGN Epithelial organoid cultures (EpOCs) were expanded ex vivo from the intestinal crypts of non-IBD controls and patients with UC. EpOCs were induced to differentiate (d-EpOCs), and the total RNA was extracted for microarray and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) analyses. Whole intestinal samples were used to determine mRNA expression by qPCR, or protein localisation by immunostaining. RESULTS EpOCs from patients with UC maintained self-renewal potential and the capability to give rise to differentiated epithelial cell lineages comparable with control EpOCs. Nonetheless, a group of genes was differentially regulated in the EpOCs and d-EpOCs of patients with UC, including genes associated with antimicrobial defence (ie, LYZ, PLA2G2A), with secretory (ie, ZG16, CLCA1) and absorptive (ie, AQP8, MUC12) functions, and with a gastric phenotype (ie, ANXA10, CLDN18 and LYZ). A high rate of concordance was found in the expression profiles of the organoid cultures and whole colonic tissues from patients with UC. CONCLUSIONS Permanent changes in the colonic epithelium of patients with UC could be promoted by alterations imprinted in the stem cell compartment. These changes may contribute to perpetuation of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Dotti
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rut Mora-Buch
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Ferrer-Picón
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Planell
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain,Bioinformatics Platform, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter Jung
- Oncology Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Barcelona, Spain,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Carme Masamunt
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Franco Leal
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain,IBD Research Laboratory, Surgery Department, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Javier Martín de Carpi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Pediatric Nutrition, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Llach
- Endoscopy Unit, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ingrid Ordás
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Batlle
- Oncology Program, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Barcelona, Spain,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julián Panés
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Azucena Salas
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Conigliaro
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Tripodi
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Parola
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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14
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Gifford GB, Demitrack ES, Keeley TM, Tam A, La Cunza N, Dedhia PH, Spence JR, Simeone DM, Saotome I, Louvi A, Siebel CW, Samuelson LC. Notch1 and Notch2 receptors regulate mouse and human gastric antral epithelial cell homoeostasis. Gut 2017; 66:1001-1011. [PMID: 26933171 PMCID: PMC5009003 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-310811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We tested the ability of Notch pathway receptors Notch1 and Notch2 to regulate stem and epithelial cell homoeostasis in mouse and human gastric antral tissue. DESIGN Mice were treated with the pan-Notch inhibitor dibenzazepine (DBZ) or inhibitory antibodies targeting Notch1 and/or Notch2. Epithelial proliferation, apoptosis and cellular differentiation were measured by histological and molecular approaches. Organoids were established from mouse and human antral glands; growth and differentiation were measured after treatment with Notch inhibitors. RESULTS Notch1 and Notch2 are the predominant Notch receptors expressed in mouse and human antral tissue and organoid cultures. Combined inhibition of Notch1 and Notch2 in adult mice led to decreased epithelial cell proliferation, including reduced proliferation of LGR5 stem cells, and increased apoptosis, similar to the response to global Notch inhibition with DBZ. Less pronounced effects were observed after inhibition of individual receptors. Notch pathway inhibition with DBZ or combined inhibition of Notch1 and Notch2 led to increased differentiation of all gastric antral lineages, with remodelling of cells to express secretory products normally associated with other regions of the GI tract, including intestine. Analysis of mouse and human organoids showed that Notch signalling through Notch1 and Notch2 is intrinsic to the epithelium and required for organoid growth. CONCLUSIONS Notch signalling is required to maintain gastric antral stem cells. Notch1 and Notch2 are the primary Notch receptors regulating epithelial cell homoeostasis in mouse and human stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail B Gifford
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Elise S Demitrack
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Theresa M Keeley
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Andrew Tam
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Nilsa La Cunza
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Priya H Dedhia
- Department of Surgery, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jason R Spence
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Diane M Simeone
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA,Department of Surgery, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ichiko Saotome
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Angeliki Louvi
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Christian W Siebel
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Linda C Samuelson
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA,Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Jac Hawinkels
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - James Ch Hardwick
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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16
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Shi D, Zhang J, Zhou Q, Xin J, Jiang J, Jiang L, Wu T, Li J, Ding W, Li J, Sun S, Li J, Zhou N, Zhang L, Jin L, Hao S, Chen P, Cao H, Li M, Li L, Chen X, Li J. Quantitative evaluation of human bone mesenchymal stem cells rescuing fulminant hepatic failure in pigs. Gut 2017; 66:955-964. [PMID: 26884426 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-311146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stem cell transplantation provides a promising alternative for the treatment of fulminant hepatic failure (FHF). However, it lacks fundamental understanding of stem cells' activities. Our objective was to clarify stem cell-recipient interactions for overcoming barriers to clinical application. DESIGN We used an in-house large-animal (pig) model of FHF rescue by human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) and profiled the cells' activities. The control and transplantation groups of pigs (n=15 per group) both received a D-galactosamine (D-Gal) injection (1.5 g/kg). The transplantation group received hBMSCs via intraportal vein infusion (3×106 cells/kg) immediately after D-Gal administration. The stem cell-recipient interactions were quantitatively evaluated by biochemical function, cytokine array, metabolite profiling, transcriptome sequencing and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS All pigs in the control group died within an average of 3.22 days, whereas 13/15 pigs in the transplantation group lived >14 days. The cytokine array and metabolite profiling analyses revealed that hBMSC transplantation suppressed D-Gal-induced life-threatening cytokine storms and stabilised FHF within 7 days, while human-derived hepatocytes constituted only ∼4.5% of the pig hepatocytes. The functional synergy analysis of the observed profile changes indicated that the implanted hBMSCs altered the pigs' cytokine responses to damage through paracrine effects. Delta-like ligand 4 was validated to assist liver restoration in both pig and rat FHF models. CONCLUSIONS Our results delineated an integrated model of the multifaceted interactions between stem cells and recipients, which may open a new avenue to the discovery of single molecule-based therapeutics that simulate stem cell actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyan Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianing Zhang
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaojiao Xin
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Longyan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianzhou Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenchao Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Suwan Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianzhou Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ning Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linfeng Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaorui Hao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengcheng Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongcui Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingding Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Joint Institute for Genetics and Genome Medicine between Zhejiang University and University of Toronto, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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17
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Hohwieler M, Illing A, Hermann PC, Mayer T, Stockmann M, Perkhofer L, Eiseler T, Antony JS, Müller M, Renz S, Kuo CC, Lin Q, Sendler M, Breunig M, Kleiderman SM, Lechel A, Zenker M, Leichsenring M, Rosendahl J, Zenke M, Sainz B, Mayerle J, Costa IG, Seufferlein T, Kormann M, Wagner M, Liebau S, Kleger A. Human pluripotent stem cell-derived acinar/ductal organoids generate human pancreas upon orthotopic transplantation and allow disease modelling. Gut 2017; 66:473-486. [PMID: 27633923 PMCID: PMC5534761 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-312423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The generation of acinar and ductal cells from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) is a poorly studied process, although various diseases arise from this compartment. DESIGN We designed a straightforward approach to direct human PSCs towards pancreatic organoids resembling acinar and ductal progeny. RESULTS Extensive phenotyping of the organoids not only shows the appropriate marker profile but also ultrastructural, global gene expression and functional hallmarks of the human pancreas in the dish. Upon orthotopic transplantation into immunodeficient mice, these organoids form normal pancreatic ducts and acinar tissue resembling fetal human pancreas without evidence of tumour formation or transformation. Finally, we implemented this unique phenotyping tool as a model to study the pancreatic facets of cystic fibrosis (CF). For the first time, we provide evidence that in vitro, but also in our xenograft transplantation assay, pancreatic commitment occurs generally unhindered in CF. Importantly, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) activation in mutated pancreatic organoids not only mirrors the CF phenotype in functional assays but also at a global expression level. We also conducted a scalable proof-of-concept screen in CF pancreatic organoids using a set of CFTR correctors and activators, and established an mRNA-mediated gene therapy approach in CF organoids. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our platform provides novel opportunities to model pancreatic disease and development, screen for disease-rescuing agents and to test therapeutic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike Hohwieler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anett Illing
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Patrick C Hermann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tobias Mayer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marianne Stockmann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lukas Perkhofer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tim Eiseler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Justin S Antony
- Department of Pediatrics I, Pediatric Infectiology and Immunology, Translational Genomics and Gene Therapy in Pediatrics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Martin Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Susanne Renz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Chao-Chung Kuo
- Medical Faculty, IZKF Computational Biology Research Group, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Qiong Lin
- Medical Faculty, Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Sendler
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Markus Breunig
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - André Lechel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Zenker
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Leichsenring
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jonas Rosendahl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Medicine, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Martin Zenke
- Medical Faculty, Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Bruno Sainz
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Mayerle
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ivan G Costa
- Medical Faculty, IZKF Computational Biology Research Group, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Kormann
- Department of Pediatrics I, Pediatric Infectiology and Immunology, Translational Genomics and Gene Therapy in Pediatrics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Martin Wagner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefan Liebau
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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18
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Tovar V, Cornella H, Moeini A, Vidal S, Hoshida Y, Sia D, Peix J, Cabellos L, Alsinet C, Torrecilla S, Martinez-Quetglas I, Lozano JJ, Desbois-Mouthon C, Solé M, Domingo-Domenech J, Villanueva A, Llovet JM. Tumour initiating cells and IGF/FGF signalling contribute to sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma. Gut 2017; 66:530-540. [PMID: 26658144 PMCID: PMC5600200 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sorafenib is effective in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but patients ultimately present disease progression. Molecular mechanisms underlying acquired resistance are still unknown. Herein, we characterise the role of tumour-initiating cells (T-ICs) and signalling pathways involved in sorafenib resistance. DESIGN HCC xenograft mice treated with sorafenib (n=22) were explored for responsiveness (n=5) and acquired resistance (n=17). Mechanism of acquired resistance were assessed by: (1) role of T-ICs by in vitro sphere formation and in vivo tumourigenesis assays using NOD/SCID mice, (2) activation of alternative signalling pathways and (3) efficacy of anti-FGF and anti-IGF drugs in experimental models. Gene expression (microarray, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR)) and protein analyses (immunohistochemistry, western blot) were conducted. A novel gene signature of sorafenib resistance was generated and tested in two independent cohorts. RESULTS Sorafenib-acquired resistant tumours showed significant enrichment of T-ICs (164 cells needed to create a tumour) versus sorafenib-sensitive tumours (13 400 cells) and non-treated tumours (1292 cells), p<0.001. Tumours with sorafenib-acquired resistance were enriched with insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signalling cascades (false discovery rate (FDR)<0.05). In vitro, cells derived from sorafenib-acquired resistant tumours and two sorafenib-resistant HCC cell lines were responsive to IGF or FGF inhibition. In vivo, FGF blockade delayed tumour growth and improved survival in sorafenib-resistant tumours. A sorafenib-resistance 175 gene signature was characterised by enrichment of progenitor cell features, aggressive tumorous traits and predicted poor survival in two cohorts (n=442 patients with HCC). CONCLUSIONS Acquired resistance to sorafenib is driven by T-ICs with enrichment of progenitor markers and activation of IGF and FGF signalling. Inhibition of these pathways would benefit a subset of patients after sorafenib progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Tovar
- Liver Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Group, Liver Unit and Pathology Department, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helena Cornella
- Liver Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Group, Liver Unit and Pathology Department, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agrin Moeini
- Liver Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Group, Liver Unit and Pathology Department, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Samuel Vidal
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Yujin Hoshida
- Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Daniela Sia
- Liver Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Group, Liver Unit and Pathology Department, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA,Gastrointestinal Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, National Cancer Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Judit Peix
- Liver Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Group, Liver Unit and Pathology Department, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Cabellos
- Liver Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Group, Liver Unit and Pathology Department, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara Alsinet
- Liver Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Group, Liver Unit and Pathology Department, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Torrecilla
- Liver Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Group, Liver Unit and Pathology Department, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iris Martinez-Quetglas
- Liver Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Group, Liver Unit and Pathology Department, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Christèle Desbois-Mouthon
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, Saint-Antoine Research Center, Paris, France,INSERM UMR_S 938, Saint-Antoine Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Manel Solé
- Liver Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Group, Liver Unit and Pathology Department, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Augusto Villanueva
- Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA,Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Josep M Llovet
- Liver Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Group, Liver Unit and Pathology Department, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Augenlicht LH. Environmental Impact on Intestinal Stem Cell Functions in Mucosal Homeostasis and Tumorigenesis. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:943-952. [PMID: 27584938 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Multiple cell compartments at or near the base of the intestinal crypt have been identified as contributing intestinal stem cells for homeostasis of the rapidly turning over intestinal mucosa and cells that can initiate tumor development upon appropriate genetic changes. There is a strong literature establishing the importance of the frequently dividing Lgr5+ crypt base columnar cells as the fundamental cell in providing these stem cell-associated functions, but there are also clear data that more quiescent cells from other compartments can be mobilized to provide these stem cell functions upon compromise of Lgr5+ cells. We review the data that vitamin D, a pleiotropic hormone, is essential for Lgr5 stem cell functions by signaling through the vitamin D receptor. Moreover, we discuss the implications of this role of vitamin D and its impact on relatively long-lived stem cells in regards to the fact that virtually all the data on normal functioning of mouse Lgr5 stem cells is derived from mice exposed to vitamin D levels well above those that characterize the human population. Thus, there are still many questions regarding how dietary and environmental factors influence the complement of cells providing stem cell functions and the mechanisms by which this is determined, and the importance of this in human colorectal tumor development. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 943-952, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard H Augenlicht
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York 10461, New York
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20
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Jeong Y, Rhee H, Martin S, Klass D, Lin Y, Nguyen LXT, Feng W, Diehn M. Identification and genetic manipulation of human and mouse oesophageal stem cells. Gut 2016; 65:1077-86. [PMID: 25897018 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human oesophageal stem cell research is hampered by the lack of an optimal assay system to study self-renewal and differentiation. We aimed to identify and characterise human and mouse oesophageal stem/progenitor cells by establishing 3-dimensional organotypic sphere culture systems for both species. DESIGN Primary oesophageal epithelial cells were freshly isolated and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS)-sorted from human and mouse oesophagus and 3-dimensional organotypic sphere culture systems were developed. The self-renewing potential and differentiation status of novel subpopulations were assessed by sphere-forming ability, cell cycle analysis, immunostaining, qPCR and RNA-Seq. RESULTS Primary human and mouse oesophageal epithelial cells clonally formed esophagospheres consisting of stratified squamous epithelium. Sphere-forming cells could self-renew and form esophagospheres for over 43 passages in vitro and generated stratified squamous epithelium when transplanted under the kidney capsule of immunodeficient mice. Sphere-forming cells were 10-15-fold enriched among human CD49f(hi)CD24(low) cells and murine CD49f(+)CD24(low)CD71(low) cells compared with the most differentiated cells. Genetic elimination of p63 in mouse and human oesophageal cells dramatically decreased esophagosphere formation and basal gene expression while increasing suprabasal gene expression. CONCLUSIONS We developed clonogenic and organotypic culture systems for the quantitative analyses of human and mouse oesophageal stem/progenitor cells and identified novel cell surface marker combinations that enrich for these cells. Using this system, we demonstrate that elimination of p63 inhibits self-renewal of human oesophageal stem/progenitor cells. We anticipate that these esophagosphere culture systems will facilitate studies of oesophageal stem cell biology and may prove useful for ex vivo expansion of human oesophageal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngtae Jeong
- Stanford Cancer Institute and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Horace Rhee
- Stanford Cancer Institute and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Shanique Martin
- Stanford Cancer Institute and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Daniel Klass
- Stanford Cancer Institute and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Yuan Lin
- Stanford Cancer Institute and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Le Xuan Truong Nguyen
- Stanford Cancer Institute and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Weiguo Feng
- Stanford Cancer Institute and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Maximilian Diehn
- Stanford Cancer Institute and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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21
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Bogan SL, Teoh GZ, Birchall MA. Tissue Engineered Airways: A Prospects Article. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:1497-505. [PMID: 26853803 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
An ideal tracheal scaffold must withstand luminal collapse yet be flexible, have a sufficient degree of porosity to permit vascular and cellular ingrowth, but also be airtight and must facilitate growth of functional airway epithelium to avoid infection and aid in mucocilliary clearance. Finally, the scaffold must also be biocompatible to avoid implant rejection. Over the last 40 years, efforts to design and manufacture the airway have been undertaken worldwide but success has been limited and far apart. As a result, tracheal resection with primary repair remains the Gold Standard of care for patients presenting with airway disorders and malignancies. However, the maximum resectable length of the trachea is restricted to 30% of the total length in children or 50% in adults. Attempts to provide autologous grafts for human application have also been disappointing for a host of different reasons, including lack of implant integration, insufficient donor organs, and poor mechanical strength resulting in an unmet clinical need. The two main approaches researchers have taken to address this issue have been the development of synthetic scaffolds and the use of decellularized organs. To date, a number of different decellularization techniques and a variety of materials, including polyglycolic acid (PGA) and nanocomposite polymers have been explored. The findings thus far have shown great promise, however, there remain a significant number of caveats accompanying each approach. That being said, the possibilities presented by these two approaches could be combined to produce a highly successful, clinically viable hybrid scaffold. This article aims to highlight advances in airway tissue engineering and provide an overview of areas to explore and utilize in accomplishing the aim of developing an ideal tracheal prosthesis. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1497-1505, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Bogan
- University College London, Gower Street London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Gui Zhen Teoh
- University College London, Gower Street London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Martin A Birchall
- University College London, Gower Street London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.,Royal National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital, London WC1X 8DA, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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22
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Michelotti GA, Tucker A, Swiderska-Syn M, Machado MV, Choi SS, Kruger L, Soderblom E, Thompson JW, Mayer-Salman M, Himburg HA, Moylan CA, Guy CD, Garman KS, Premont RT, Chute JP, Diehl AM. Pleiotrophin regulates the ductular reaction by controlling the migration of cells in liver progenitor niches. Gut 2016; 65:683-92. [PMID: 25596181 PMCID: PMC4504836 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The ductular reaction (DR) involves mobilisation of reactive-appearing duct-like cells (RDC) along canals of Hering, and myofibroblastic (MF) differentiation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) in the space of Disse. Perivascular cells in stem cell niches produce pleiotrophin (PTN) to inactivate the PTN receptor, protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor zeta-1 (PTPRZ1), thereby augmenting phosphoprotein-dependent signalling. We hypothesised that the DR is regulated by PTN/PTPRZ1 signalling. DESIGN PTN-GFP, PTN-knockout (KO), PTPRZ1-KO, and wild type (WT) mice were examined before and after bile duct ligation (BDL) for PTN, PTPRZ1 and the DR. RDC and HSC from WT, PTN-KO, and PTPRZ1-KO mice were also treated with PTN to determine effects on downstream signaling phosphoproteins, gene expression, growth, and migration. Liver biopsies from patients with DRs were also interrogated. RESULTS Although quiescent HSC and RDC lines expressed PTN and PTPRZ1 mRNAs, neither PTN nor PTPRZ1 protein was demonstrated in healthy liver. BDL induced PTN in MF-HSC and increased PTPRZ1 in MF-HSC and RDC. In WT mice, BDL triggered a DR characterised by periportal accumulation of collagen, RDC and MF-HSC. All aspects of this DR were increased in PTN-KO mice and suppressed in PTPRZ1-KO mice. In vitro studies revealed PTN-dependent accumulation of phosphoproteins that control cell-cell adhesion and migration, with resultant inhibition of cell migration. PTPRZ1-positive cells were prominent in the DRs of patients with ductal plate defects and adult cholestatic diseases. CONCLUSIONS PTN, and its receptor, PTPRZ1, regulate the DR to liver injury by controlling the migration of resident cells in adult liver progenitor niches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anikia Tucker
- Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Steve S Choi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA Section of Gastroenterology, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Leandi Kruger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Erik Soderblom
- Proteomics Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - J Will Thompson
- Proteomics Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Heather A Himburg
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Cynthia A Moylan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA Section of Gastroenterology, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cynthia D Guy
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Katherine S Garman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA Section of Gastroenterology, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Richard T Premont
- Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - John P Chute
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Anna Mae Diehl
- Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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23
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Abstract
Bone is one of the most transplanted tissues. While most bone defects heal spontaneously, critical size defects caused by major trauma/malignant tumor and osteonecrosis of femoral head in young adults pose a great challenge in treatment. While the golden standard in treating bone defects is autologous bone grafting, available bone for grafting is quite limited in an individual. To solve the dilemma, stem cell therapy has been tried as a new modality of treatment in lesions not amenable to autologous bone grafting. While successful results were reported from individual studies, the stem cell therapy is still not an established treatment modality for bone regeneration and needs further assessment. Our focus herein is to introduce stem cell sources that have been investigated so far and review the current status of stem cell reutilization for bone regeneration as well as suggesting future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gun-Il Im
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
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24
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Cioffi M, Trabulo SM, Sanchez-Ripoll Y, Miranda-Lorenzo I, Lonardo E, Dorado J, Reis Vieira C, Ramirez JC, Hidalgo M, Aicher A, Hahn S, Sainz B, Heeschen C. The miR-17-92 cluster counteracts quiescence and chemoresistance in a distinct subpopulation of pancreatic cancer stem cells. Gut 2015; 64:1936-48. [PMID: 25887381 PMCID: PMC4680182 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent the root of many solid cancers including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, are highly chemoresistant and represent the cellular source for disease relapse. However the mechanisms involved in these processes still need to be fully elucidated. Understanding the mechanisms implicated in chemoresistance and metastasis of pancreatic cancer is critical to improving patient outcomes. DESIGN Micro-RNA (miRNA) expression analyses were performed to identify functionally defining epigenetic signatures in pancreatic CSC-enriched sphere-derived cells and gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic CSCs. RESULTS We found the miR-17-92 cluster to be downregulated in chemoresistant CSCs versus non-CSCs and demonstrate its crucial relevance for CSC biology. In particular, overexpression of miR-17-92 reduced CSC self-renewal capacity, in vivo tumourigenicity and chemoresistance by targeting multiple NODAL/ACTIVIN/TGF-β1 signalling cascade members as well as directly inhibiting the downstream targets p21, p57 and TBX3. Overexpression of miR-17-92 translated into increased CSC proliferation and their eventual exhaustion via downregulation of p21 and p57. Finally, the translational impact of our findings could be confirmed in preclinical models for pancreatic cancer. CONCLUSIONS Our findings therefore identify the miR-17-92 cluster as a functionally determining family of miRNAs in CSCs, and highlight the putative potential of developing modulators of this cluster to overcome drug resistance in pancreatic CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Catarina Reis Vieira
- Stem Cells & Cancer Group, CNIO, Madrid, Spain,Viral Vector Unit, Spanish National Cardiovascular Research Centre (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Ramirez
- Viral Vector Unit, Spanish National Cardiovascular Research Centre (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Hidalgo
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Stephan Hahn
- Department of Molecular Gastrointestinal Oncology, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Bruno Sainz
- Stem Cells & Cancer Group, CNIO, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christopher Heeschen
- Stem Cells & Cancer Group, CNIO, Madrid, Spain,Barts Cancer Institute, Centre for Stem Cells in Cancer & Ageing, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Albrecht Neesse
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Georg August University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Thomas M Gress
- Department of Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Infectiology and Metabolism, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
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26
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Diaferia GR, Natoli G. When antimicrobial peptides hit the wrong target: a novel link between tumour macrophages and cancer stem cells. Gut 2015; 64:1841-2. [PMID: 25966994 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe R Diaferia
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Milan, Italy
| | - Gioacchino Natoli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Milan, Italy
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27
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Sainz B, Alcala S, Garcia E, Sanchez-Ripoll Y, Azevedo MM, Cioffi M, Tatari M, Miranda-Lorenzo I, Hidalgo M, Gomez-Lopez G, Cañamero M, Erkan M, Kleeff J, García-Silva S, Sancho P, Hermann PC, Heeschen C. Microenvironmental hCAP-18/LL-37 promotes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by activating its cancer stem cell compartment. Gut 2015; 64:1921-35. [PMID: 25841238 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The tumour stroma/microenvironment not only provides structural support for tumour development, but more importantly it provides cues to cancer stem cells (CSCs) that regulate their self-renewal and metastatic potential. This is certainly true for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC), where tumour-associated fibroblasts, pancreatic stellate cells and immune cells create an abundant paracrine niche for CSCs via microenvironment-secreted factors. Thus understanding the role that tumour stroma cells play in PDAC development and CSC biology is of utmost importance. DESIGN Microarray analyses, tumour microarray immunohistochemical assays, in vitro co-culture experiments, recombinant protein treatment approaches and in vivo intervention studies were performed to understand the role that the immunomodulatory cationic antimicrobial peptide 18/LL-37 (hCAP-18/LL-37) plays in PDAC biology. RESULTS We found that hCAP-18/LL-37 was strongly expressed in the stroma of advanced primary and secondary PDAC tumours and is secreted by immune cells of the stroma (eg, tumour-associated macrophages) in response to tumour growth factor-β1 and particularly CSC-secreted Nodal/ActivinA. Treatment of pancreatic CSCs with recombinant LL-37 increased pluripotency-associated gene expression, self-renewal, invasion and tumourigenicity via formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2)- and P2X purinoceptor 7 receptor (P2X7R)-dependent mechanisms, which could be reversed by inhibiting these receptors. Importantly, in a genetically engineered mouse model of K-Ras-driven pancreatic tumourigenesis, we also showed that tumour formation was inhibited by either reconstituting these mice with bone marrow from cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide (ie, murine homologue of hCAP-18/LL-37) knockout mice or by pharmacologically inhibiting FPR2 and P2X7R. CONCLUSIONS Thus, hCAP-18/LL-37 represents a previously unrecognised PDAC microenvironment factor that plays a critical role in pancreatic CSC-mediated tumourigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Sainz
- Stem Cells and Cancer Group, Molecular Pathology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Alcala
- Stem Cells and Cancer Group, Molecular Pathology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Garcia
- Molecular Diagnostics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Fundacion Alcorcon, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Sanchez-Ripoll
- Stem Cells and Cancer Group, Molecular Pathology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria M Azevedo
- Stem Cells and Cancer Group, Molecular Pathology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Michele Cioffi
- Stem Cells and Cancer Group, Molecular Pathology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marianthi Tatari
- Stem Cells and Cancer Group, Molecular Pathology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Miranda-Lorenzo
- Stem Cells and Cancer Group, Molecular Pathology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Hidalgo
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Clinical Research Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Gomez-Lopez
- Bioinformatics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Cañamero
- Histopathology Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mert Erkan
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University, Munich, Germany Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jörg Kleeff
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University, Munich, Germany
| | - Susana García-Silva
- Stem Cells and Cancer Group, Molecular Pathology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Sancho
- Stem Cells and Cancer Group, Molecular Pathology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patrick C Hermann
- Stem Cells and Cancer Group, Molecular Pathology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain Deptartment of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christopher Heeschen
- Stem Cells and Cancer Group, Molecular Pathology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain Centre for Stem Cells in Cancer & Ageing, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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28
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Qin W, Li X, Peng Y, Harlow LM, Ren Y, Wu Y, Li J, Qin Y, Sun J, Zheng S, Brown T, Feng JQ, Ke HZ, Bauman WA, Cardozo CC. Sclerostin antibody preserves the morphology and structure of osteocytes and blocks the severe skeletal deterioration after motor-complete spinal cord injury in rats. J Bone Miner Res 2015; 30:1994-2004. [PMID: 25974843 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Unloading, neural lesions, and hormonal disorders after acute motor-complete spinal cord injury (SCI) cause one of the most severe forms of bone loss, a condition that has been refractory to available interventions tested to date. Thus, these features related to acute SCI provide a unique opportunity to study complex bone problems, potential efficacious interventions, and mechanisms of action that are associated with these dramatic pathological changes. This study was designed to explore the therapeutic potential of sclerostin antibody (Scl-Ab) in a rat model of bone loss after motor-complete SCI, and to investigate mechanisms underlying bone loss and Scl-Ab action. SCI rats were administered Scl-Ab (25 mg/kg/week) or vehicle beginning 7 days after injury then weekly for 7 weeks. SCI resulted in significant decreases in bone mineral density (-25%) and trabecular bone volume (-67%) at the distal femur; Scl-Ab completely prevented these deteriorations of bone in SCI rats, concurrent with markedly increased bone formation. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that SCI reduced numbers of osteocytes and dendrites concomitant with a morphology change from a spindle to round shape; Scl-Ab corrected these abnormalities in osteocytes. In ex vivo cultures of bone marrow cells, Scl-Ab inhibited osteoclastogenesis, and promoted osteoblastogenesis accompanied by increases in mRNA levels of LRP5, osteoprotegerin (OPG), and the OPG/RANKL ratio, and a decrease in DKK1 mRNA. Our findings provide the first evidence that robust bone loss after acute motor-complete SCI can be blocked by Scl-Ab, at least in part, through the preservation of osteocyte morphology and structure and related bone remodeling. Our findings support the inhibition of sclerostin as a promising approach to mitigate the striking bone loss that ensues after acute motor-complete SCI, and perhaps other conditions associated with disuse osteoporosis as a consequence of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Qin
- National Center of Excellence for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Yuanzhen Peng
- National Center of Excellence for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Lauren M Harlow
- National Center of Excellence for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Yinshi Ren
- Baylor College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yingjie Wu
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Institute of Gene Engineering Animal Models for Human Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiliang Li
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yiwen Qin
- National Center of Excellence for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jie Sun
- Institute of Gene Engineering Animal Models for Human Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shijia Zheng
- National Center of Excellence for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Jian Q Feng
- Baylor College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - William A Bauman
- National Center of Excellence for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher C Cardozo
- National Center of Excellence for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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29
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Hara ES, Ono M, Pham HT, Sonoyama W, Kubota S, Takigawa M, Matsumoto T, Young MF, Olsen BR, Kuboki T. Fluocinolone Acetonide Is a Potent Synergistic Factor of TGF-β3-Associated Chondrogenesis of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Articular Surface Regeneration. J Bone Miner Res 2015; 30:1585-96. [PMID: 25753754 PMCID: PMC5569386 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Articular cartilage repair remains a challenging problem. Based on a high-throughput screening and functional analysis, we found that fluocinolone acetonide (FA) in combination with transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGF-β3) strongly potentiated chondrogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). In an in vivo cartilage defect model in knee joints of immunocompromised mice, transplantation of FA/TGF-β3-treated hBMSCs could completely repair the articular surface. Analysis of the intracellular pathways revealed that FA enhanced TGF-β3-induced phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3. Additionally, we performed a pathway array and found that FA activates the mTORC1/AKT pathway. Chemical inhibition of mTORC1 with rapamycin substantially suppressed FA effect, and inhibition of AKT completely repressed chondrogenesis of hBMSCs. Inhibition of glucocorticoid receptor with mifepristone also suppressed FA effect, suggesting that FA involves binding to the glucocorticoid receptor. Comparative analysis with other glucocorticoids (triamcinolone acetonide [TA] and dexamethasone [DEX]) revealed the unique ability of FA to repair articular cartilage surgical defects. Analysis of intracellular pathways showed that the mTORC1/AKT pathway and the glucocorticoid receptor was highly activated with FA and TA, but to a lesser extent with DEX. Collectively, these results show a unique ability of FA to enhance TGF-β3-associated chondrogenesis, and suggest that the FA/TGF-β3 combination may be used as major inducer of chondrogenesis in vitro. Additionally, FA/TGF-β3 could be potentially applied in a clinical setting to increase the efficiency of regenerative approaches based on chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Satoshi Hara
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.,Department of Biomaterials, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Ono
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hai Thanh Pham
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Wataru Sonoyama
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kubota
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masaharu Takigawa
- Advanced Research Center for Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takuya Matsumoto
- Department of Biomaterials, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Marian F Young
- Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, National Institutes of Craniofacial and Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD,, USA
| | - Bjorn R Olsen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA,, USA
| | - Takuo Kuboki
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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30
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Kaigler D, Avila-Ortiz G, Travan S, Taut AD, Padial-Molina M, Rudek I, Wang F, Lanis A, Giannobile WV. Bone Engineering of Maxillary Sinus Bone Deficiencies Using Enriched CD90+ Stem Cell Therapy: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Bone Miner Res 2015; 30:1206-16. [PMID: 25652112 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Bone engineering of localized craniofacial osseous defects or deficiencies by stem cell therapy offers strong prospects to improve treatment predictability for patient care. The aim of this phase 1/2 randomized, controlled clinical trial was to evaluate reconstruction of bone deficiencies of the maxillary sinus with transplantation of autologous cells enriched with CD90+ stem cells and CD14+ monocytes. Thirty human participants requiring bone augmentation of the maxillary sinus were enrolled. Patients presenting with 50% to 80% bone deficiencies of the maxillary sinus were randomized to receive either stem cells delivered onto a β-tricalcium phosphate scaffold or scaffold alone. Four months after treatment, clinical, radiographic, and histologic analyses were performed to evaluate de novo engineered bone. At the time of alveolar bone core harvest, oral implants were installed in the engineered bone and later functionally restored with dental tooth prostheses. Radiographic analyses showed no difference in the total bone volume gained between treatment groups; however, density of the engineered bone was higher in patients receiving stem cells. Bone core biopsies showed that stem cell therapy provided the greatest benefit in the most severe deficiencies, yielding better bone quality than control patients, as evidenced by higher bone volume fraction (BVF; 0.5 versus 0.4; p = 0.04). Assessment of the relation between degree of CD90+ stem cell enrichment and BVF showed that the higher the CD90 composition of transplanted cells, the greater the BVF of regenerated bone (r = 0.56; p = 0.05). Oral implants were placed and restored with functionally loaded dental restorations in all patients and no treatment-related adverse events were reported at the 1-year follow-up. These results provide evidence that cell-based therapy using enriched CD90+ stem cell populations is safe for maxillary sinus floor reconstruction and offers potential to accelerate and enhance tissue engineered bone quality in other craniofacial bone defects and deficiencies (Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00980278).
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Affiliation(s)
- Darnell Kaigler
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Center for Oral Health Research, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gustavo Avila-Ortiz
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Suncica Travan
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Center for Oral Health Research, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrei D Taut
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Miguel Padial-Molina
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ivan Rudek
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Feng Wang
- Center for Oral Health Research, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - William V Giannobile
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Center for Oral Health Research, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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31
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Lynch TJ, Engelhardt JF. Progenitor cells in proximal airway epithelial development and regeneration. J Cell Biochem 2015; 115:1637-45. [PMID: 24818588 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Multiple distinct epithelial domains are found throughout the airway that are distinguishable by location, structure, function, and cell-type composition. Several progenitor cell populations in the proximal airway have been identified to reside in confined microenvironmental niches including the submucosal glands (SMGs), which are embedded in the tracheal connective tissue between the surface epithelium and cartilage, and basal cells that reside within the surface airway epithelium (SAE). Current research suggests that regulatory pathways that coordinate development of the proximal airway and establishment of progenitor cell niches may overlap with pathways that control progenitor cell responses during airway regeneration following injury. SMGs have been shown to harbor epithelial progenitor cells, and this niche is dysregulated in diseases such as cystic fibrosis. However, mechanisms that regulate progenitor cell proliferation and maintenance within this glandular niche are not completely understood. Here we discuss glandular progenitor cells during development and regeneration of the proximal airway and compare properties of glandular progenitors to those of basal cell progenitors in the SAE. Further investigation into glandular progenitor cell control will provide a direction for interrogating therapeutic interventions to correct aberrant conditions affecting the SMGs in diseases such as cystic fibrosis, chronic bronchitis, and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Lynch
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242
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32
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Srour MK, Fogel JL, Yamaguchi KT, Montgomery AP, Izuhara AK, Misakian AL, Lam S, Lakeland DL, Urata MM, Lee JS, Mariani FV. Natural large-scale regeneration of rib cartilage in a mouse model. J Bone Miner Res 2015; 30:297-308. [PMID: 25142306 PMCID: PMC8253918 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The clinical need for methods to repair and regenerate large cartilage and bone lesions persists. One way to make new headway is to study skeletal regeneration when it occurs naturally. Cartilage repair is typically slow and incomplete. However, an exception to this observation can be found in the costal cartilages, where complete repair has been reported in humans but the cellular and molecular mechanisms have not yet been characterized. In this study, we establish a novel animal model for cartilage repair using the mouse rib costal cartilage. We then use this model to test the hypothesis that the perichondrium, the dense connective tissue that surrounds the cartilage, is a tissue essential for repair. Our results show that full replacement of the resected cartilage occurs quickly (within 1 to 2 months) and properly differentiates but that repair occurs only in the presence of the perichondrium. We then provide evidence that the rib perichondrium contains a special niche that houses chondrogenic progenitors that possess qualities particularly suited for mediating repair. Label-retaining cells can be found within the perichondrium that can give rise to new chondrocytes. Furthermore, the perichondrium proliferates and thickens during the healing period and when ectopically placed can generate new cartilage. In conclusion, we have successfully established a model for hyaline cartilage repair in the mouse rib, which should be useful for gaining a more detailed understanding of cartilage regeneration and ultimately for developing methods to improve cartilage and bone repair in other parts of the skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa K Srour
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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33
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Barbera M, di Pietro M, Walker E, Brierley C, MacRae S, Simons BD, Jones PH, Stingl J, Fitzgerald RC. The human squamous oesophagus has widespread capacity for clonal expansion from cells at diverse stages of differentiation. Gut 2015; 64:11-9. [PMID: 24572143 PMCID: PMC4283695 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2013-306171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Knowledge of the cellular mechanisms involved in homeostasis of human squamous oesophagus in the steady state and following chronic injury is limited. We aimed to better understand these mechanisms by using a functional 3D approach. DESIGN Proliferation, mitosis and the expression of progenitor lineage markers were assessed in normal squamous oesophagus from 10 patients by immunofluorescence on 3D epithelial whole mounts. Cells expressing differential levels of epithelial and progenitor markers were isolated using flow cytometry sorting and characterised by qPCR and IF. Their self-renewing potential was investigated by colony forming cells assays and in vitro organotypic culture models. RESULTS Proliferation and mitotic activity was highest in the interpapillary basal layer and decreased linearly towards the tip of the papilla (p<0.0001). The orientation of mitosis was random throughout the basal layer, and asymmetric divisions were not restricted to specific cell compartments. Cells sorted into distinct populations based on the expression of epithelial and progenitor cell markers (CD34 and EpCAM) showed no difference in self-renewal in 2D culture, either as whole populations or as single cells. In 3D organotypic cultures, all cell subtypes were able to recapitulate the architecture of the tissue of origin and the main factor determining the success of the 3D culture was the number of cells plated, rather than the cell type. CONCLUSIONS Oesophageal epithelial cells demonstrate remarkable plasticity for self-renewal. This situation could be viewed as an ex vivo wounding response and is compatible with recent findings in murine models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elaine Walker
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Shona MacRae
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK
| | - Benjamin D Simons
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, J. J. Thomson Avenue University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Phil H Jones
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK
| | - John Stingl
- University of Cambridge, CRUK—Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK
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34
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Mii S, Amoh Y, Katsuoka K, Hoffman RM. Comparison of nestin-expressing multipotent stem cells in the tongue fungiform papilla and vibrissa hair follicle. J Cell Biochem 2014; 115:1070-6. [PMID: 24142339 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that hair follicles contain multipotent stem cells, which express nestin and participate in follicle growth at anagen as well as in the extension of the follicle sensory nerve. The nestin-driven green fluorescent protein (ND-GFP) transgenic mouse labels all nestin-expressing cells with GFP. The hair follicle nestin-GFP cells can differentiate into neurons, Schwann cells, and other cell types. In this study, we describe nestin-expressing multipotent stem cells in the fungiform papilla in the tongue. The nestin-expressing multipotent stem cells in the fungiform papilla are located around a peripheral sensory nerve immediately below the taste bud and co-express the neural crest cell marker p75(NTR) . The fungiform papilla cells formed spheres in suspension culture in DMEM-F12 medium supplemented with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). The spheres consisted of nestin-expressing cells that co-expressed the neural crest marker p75(NTR) and which developed expression of the stem cell marker CD34. P75(NTR), CD34 and nestin co-expression suggested that nestin-expressing cells comprising the fungiform papilla spheres were in a relatively undifferentiated state. The nestin-expressing cells of these spheres acquired the following markers: β III tubulin typical of nerve cells; GFAP typical of glial cells; K15 typical of keratinocytes; and smooth-muscle antigen (SMA), after transfer to RPMI 1640 medium with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), suggesting they differentiated into multiple cell types. The results of the current study indicate nestin-expressing fungiform papilla cells and the nestin-expressing hair follicle stem cells have common features of cell morphology and ability to differentiate into multiple cell types, suggesting their remarkable similarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumiyuki Mii
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, 92111; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, 92103-8220; Department of Dermatology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
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35
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Lourenço FC, Munro J, Brown J, Cordero J, Stefanatos R, Strathdee K, Orange C, Feller SM, Sansom OJ, Vidal M, Murray GI, Olson MF. Reduced LIMK2 expression in colorectal cancer reflects its role in limiting stem cell proliferation. Gut 2014; 63:480-93. [PMID: 23585469 PMCID: PMC3932979 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2012-303883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major contributor to cancer mortality and morbidity. LIM kinase 2 (LIMK2) promotes tumour cell invasion and metastasis. The objectives of this study were to determine how LIMK2 expression is associated with CRC progression and patient outcome, and to use genetically modified Drosophila and mice to determine how LIMK2 deletion affects gastrointestinal stem cell regulation and tumour development. DESIGN LIMK2 expression and activity were measured by immunostaining tumours from CRC-prone mice, human CRC cell lines and 650 human tumours. LIMK knockdown in Drosophila or Limk2 deletion in mice allowed for assessment of their contributions to gastrointestinal stem cell homeostasis and tumour development. RESULTS LIMK2 expression was reduced in intestinal tumours of cancer-prone mice, as well as in human CRC cell lines and tumours. Reduced LIMK2 expression and substrate phosphorylation were associated with shorter patient survival. Genetic analysis in Drosophila midgut and intestinal epithelial cells isolated from genetically modified mice revealed a conserved role for LIMK2 in constraining gastrointestinal stem cell proliferation. Limk2 deletion increased colon tumour size in a colitis-associated colorectal mouse cancer model. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that LIMK2 expression and activity progressively decrease with advancing stage, and supports the hypothesis that there is selective pressure for reduced LIMK2 expression in CRC to relieve negative constraints imposed upon gastrointestinal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - June Munro
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Clare Orange
- Department of Pathology, Division of Cancer Sciences and Molecular Pathology, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - Stephan M Feller
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Marcos Vidal
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Graeme I Murray
- Department of Pathology, Division of Applied Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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37
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Bironaite D, Brunk U, Venalis A. Protective induction of Hsp70 in heat-stressed primary myoblasts: Involvement of MAPKs. J Cell Biochem 2013; 114:2024-31. [PMID: 23554085 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1,2), stress kinase p38 and c-Jun NH2 -terminal kinases 1 and 2 (JNK1,2) on Hsp70-upregulation following mild heat shock, and resulting cell protection, was studied on rabbit primary myoblasts. Cells subjected to heat stress (42°C; 60 min) showed a significantly enhanced amount of heat-shock-induced protein 70 (Hsp70), correlating with sustained phosphorylation of MAP kinases ERK1,2, inhibition of p38 and JNK1,2 activation. Induced Hsp70 did not autocrinally suppress activation of transcription factor c-Jun, suggesting involvement of the latter in the protection of myoblasts following heat shock. The inhibition of stress kinases p38, JNK1,2, and MEK1,2 by SP600125, SB203580, and UO126, respectively, established the involvement of JNK1,2 and p38 as upstream, and ERK1,2 as downstream targets of Hsp70 induction. Moreover, the effect of the MEK1,2 inhibitor UO126 revealed a new pathway of c-Jun activation by ERK1,2 in myogenic heat-stressed stem cells. The presented data show that transient activation of JNK1, JNK2, and p38 is necessary for Hsp70 induction and ensuing cell protection. In conclusion, affecting myogenic stem cell protective mechanisms might be a useful strategy in improving stem cell survival and their expanded application in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiva Bironaite
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT01102, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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