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Lahusen A, Cai J, Schirmbeck R, Wellstein A, Kleger A, Seufferlein T, Eiseler T, Lin YN. A pancreatic cancer organoid-in-matrix platform shows distinct sensitivities to T cell killing. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9377. [PMID: 38654067 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60107-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Poor treatment responses of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are in large part due to tumor heterogeneity and an immunosuppressive desmoplastic tumor stroma that impacts interactions with cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Thus, there is a pressing need for models to probe the contributions of cellular and noncellular crosstalk. Organoids are promising model systems with the potential to generate a plethora of data including phenotypic, transcriptomic and genomic characterization but still require improvements in culture conditions mimicking the TME. Here, we describe an INTERaction with Organoid-in-MatriX ("InterOMaX") model system, that presents a 3D co-culture-based platform for investigating matrix-dependent cellular crosstalk. We describe its potential to uncover new molecular mechanisms of T cell responses to murine KPC (LSL-KrasG12D/+27/Trp53tm1Tyj/J/p48Cre/+) PDAC cells as well as PDAC patient-derived organoids (PDOs). For this, a customizable matrix and homogenously sized organoid-in-matrix positioning of cancer cells were designed based on a standardized agarose microwell chip array system and established for co-culture with T cells and inclusion of stromal cells. We describe the detection and orthogonal analysis of murine and human PDAC cell populations with distinct sensitivity to T cell killing that is corroborated in vivo. By enabling both identification and validation of gene candidates for T cell resistance, this platform sets the stage for better mechanistic understanding of cancer cell-intrinsic resistance phenotypes in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Lahusen
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Nephrology, Nutrition and Metabolism, Ulm University Hospital, Albert Einstein Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jierui Cai
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Nephrology, Nutrition and Metabolism, Ulm University Hospital, Albert Einstein Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Reinhold Schirmbeck
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Nephrology, Nutrition and Metabolism, Ulm University Hospital, Albert Einstein Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anton Wellstein
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, 3970 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Nephrology, Nutrition and Metabolism, Ulm University Hospital, Albert Einstein Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology (IMOS), Ulm University Hospital, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Division of Interdisciplinary Pancreatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Organoid Core Facility, Ulm University Hospital, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Nephrology, Nutrition and Metabolism, Ulm University Hospital, Albert Einstein Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tim Eiseler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Nephrology, Nutrition and Metabolism, Ulm University Hospital, Albert Einstein Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Yuan-Na Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Nephrology, Nutrition and Metabolism, Ulm University Hospital, Albert Einstein Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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Azoitei N, Heller S, Kleger A. Pandemic punch: SARS-CoV-2 hits pancreas. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:100. [PMID: 38627360 PMCID: PMC11021494 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01807-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ninel Azoitei
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Sandra Heller
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
- Division of Interdisciplinary Pancreatology, Clinic of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
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Ruta V, Naro C, Pieraccioli M, Leccese A, Archibugi L, Cesari E, Panzeri V, Allgöwer C, Arcidiacono PG, Falconi M, Carbone C, Tortora G, Borrelli F, Attili F, Spada C, Quero G, Alfieri S, Doglioni C, Kleger A, Capurso G, Sette C. An alternative splicing signature defines the basal-like phenotype and predicts worse clinical outcome in pancreatic cancer. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101411. [PMID: 38325381 PMCID: PMC10897606 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by extremely poor prognosis. PDAC presents with molecularly distinct subtypes, with the basal-like one being associated with enhanced chemoresistance. Splicing dysregulation contributes to PDAC; however, its involvement in subtype specification remains elusive. Herein, we uncover a subtype-specific splicing signature associated with prognosis in PDAC and the splicing factor Quaking (QKI) as a determinant of the basal-like signature. Single-cell sequencing analyses highlight QKI as a marker of the basal-like phenotype. QKI represses splicing events associated with the classical subtype while promoting basal-like events associated with shorter survival. QKI favors a plastic, quasi-mesenchymal phenotype that supports migration and chemoresistance in PDAC organoids and cell lines, and its expression is elevated in high-grade primary tumors and metastatic lesions. These studies identify a splicing signature that defines PDAC subtypes and indicate that QKI promotes an undifferentiated, plastic phenotype, which renders PDAC cells chemoresistant and adaptable to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Ruta
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Human Anatomy, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Naro
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Human Anatomy, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Pieraccioli
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Human Anatomy, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Adriana Leccese
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Human Anatomy, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Livia Archibugi
- Pancreato-Biliary Endoscopy and Endosonography Division, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute IRCCS, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Panzeri
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Human Anatomy, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Chantal Allgöwer
- Institute for Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Paolo Giorgio Arcidiacono
- Pancreato-Biliary Endoscopy and Endosonography Division, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute IRCCS, 20132 Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Falconi
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; Pancreas and Transplantation Surgical Division, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute IRCCS, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giampaolo Tortora
- Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; Medical Oncology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Fabia Attili
- Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Quero
- Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; Gemelli Pancreatic Advanced Research Center (CRMPG), Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Alfieri
- Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; Gemelli Pancreatic Advanced Research Center (CRMPG), Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Doglioni
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; Division of Pathology, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute IRCCS, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Institute for Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany; Division of Interdisciplinary Pancreatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Gabriele Capurso
- Pancreato-Biliary Endoscopy and Endosonography Division, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute IRCCS, 20132 Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Sette
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Human Anatomy, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy.
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Perkhofer L, Kilani K, Wieser Ä, Seufferlein T, Kleger P, Mueller M, Kleger A. SARS-Cov-2 vaccination is safe in autoimmune pancreatitis patients. United European Gastroenterol J 2024; 12:159-161. [PMID: 38180459 PMCID: PMC10859700 DOI: 10.1002/ueg2.12526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Perkhofer
- Section of Interdisciplinary Pancreatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Katja Kilani
- Section of Interdisciplinary Pancreatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ägädius Wieser
- Section of Interdisciplinary Pancreatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Pauline Kleger
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Mueller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Section of Interdisciplinary Pancreatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
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5
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Hafner S, Seufferlein T, Kleger A, Müller M. Symptoms and Management of Aseptic Liver Abscesses. Z Gastroenterol 2024; 62:208-217. [PMID: 37827501 DOI: 10.1055/a-2075-5082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Aseptic liver abscesses occur very rarely. Clinical guidelines on the management of the disease do not exist, and the diagnosis is challenging.We screen MEDLINE and PUBMED databases for relevant case reports from inception to November 2022. Information on patient age, sex, initial symptoms, the extent of abscess formation, further diagnoses, treatment, and course of the disease is analyzed.Thirty cases with sterile hepatic abscess formation are identified. In most patients (n=18), the spleen is affected as well. Patients typically present with fever, abdominal pain, and increased inflammatory values. Comorbidity with inflammatory bowel disease is very common (n=18) and is associated with a significantly younger age at the time of hepatic abscess development. In addition, many patients show autoimmune-mediated cutaneous, ocular, or arthritic rheumatoid manifestations. Histological examination of abscess material reveals neutrophilic infiltration. The majority of patients initially receive corticosteroid therapy. Furthermore, response to azathioprine, anti-TNF-α antibodies, and other immunomodulatory drugs is reported. Ten out of fourteen patients with a long-term follow-up (≥ 36 months) have at least one relapse of hepatic abscess formation.Aseptic hepatic abscesses should be considered in the case of sterile punctures and non-response to antibiotics. Patients with aseptic liver abscesses have a high risk of recurrence warranting immunomodulatory maintenance therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Hafner
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacology of Natural Products, University Ulm Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Kleger
- Internal Medicine I, University Ulm Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Müller
- Internal Medicine I, University Ulm Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany
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Overbeek KA, Poulsen JL, Lanzillotta M, Vinge-Holmquist O, Macinga P, Demirci AF, Sindhunata DP, Backhus J, Algül H, Buijs J, Levy P, Kiriukova M, Goni E, Hollenbach M, Miksch RC, Kunovsky L, Vujasinovic M, Nikolic S, Dickerson L, Hirth M, Neurath MF, Zumblick M, Vila J, Jalal M, Beyer G, Frost F, Carrara S, Kala Z, Jabandziev P, Sisman G, Akyuz F, Capurso G, Falconi M, Arlt A, Vleggaar FP, Barresi L, Greenhalf B, Czakó L, Hegyi P, Hopper A, Nayar MK, Gress TM, Vitali F, Schneider A, Halloran CM, Trna J, Okhlobystin AV, Dagna L, Cahen DL, Bordin D, Rebours V, Mayerle J, Kahraman A, Rasch S, Culver E, Kleger A, Martínez-Moneo E, Røkke O, Hucl T, Olesen SS, Bruno MJ, Della-Torre E, Beuers U, Löhr JM, Rosendahl J. Type 1 Autoimmune Pancreatitis in Europe: Clinical Profile and Response to Treatment. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024:S1542-3565(23)01042-X. [PMID: 38184096 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2023.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is an immune-mediated disease of the pancreas with distinct pathophysiology and manifestations. Our aims were to characterize type 1 AIP in a large pan-European cohort and study the effectiveness of current treatment regimens. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed adults diagnosed since 2005 with type 1 or not-otherwise-specified AIP in 42 European university hospitals. Type 1 AIP was uniformly diagnosed using specific diagnostic criteria. Patients with type 2 AIP and those who had undergone pancreatic surgery were excluded. The primary end point was complete remission, defined as the absence of clinical symptoms and resolution of the index radiologic pancreatic abnormalities attributed to AIP. RESULTS We included 735 individuals with AIP (69% male; median age, 57 years; 85% White). Steroid treatment was started in 634 patients, of whom 9 (1%) were lost to follow-up. The remaining 625 had a 79% (496/625) complete, 18% (111/625) partial, and 97% (607/625) cumulative remission rate, whereas 3% (18/625) did not achieve remission. No treatment was given in 95 patients, who had a 61% complete (58/95), 19% partial (18/95), and 80% cumulative (76/95) spontaneous remission rate. Higher (≥0.4 mg/kg/day) corticosteroid doses were no more effective than lower (<0.4 mg/kg/day) doses (odds ratio, 0.428; 95% confidence interval, 0.054-3.387) and neither was a starting dose duration >2 weeks (odds ratio, 0.908; 95% confidence interval, 0.818-1.009). Elevated IgG4 levels were independently associated with a decreased chance of complete remission (odds ratio, 0.639; 95% confidence interval, 0.427-0.955). Relapse occurred in 30% of patients. Relapses within 6 months of remission induction were independent of the steroid-tapering duration, induction treatment duration, and total cumulative dose. CONCLUSIONS Patients with type 1 AIP and elevated IgG4 level may need closer monitoring. For remission induction, a starting dose of 0.4 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks followed by a short taper period seems effective. This study provides no evidence to support more aggressive regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper A Overbeek
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jakob L Poulsen
- Centre for Pancreatic Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Marco Lanzillotta
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases (UnIRAR), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Olof Vinge-Holmquist
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Akershus University Hospital, Loerenskog, Norway; Department of Digestive Surgery, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Peter Macinga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Fatih Demirci
- Department of Internal Medicine, Marmara University Research and Education Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Daniko P Sindhunata
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna Backhus
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hana Algül
- Department of Medicine II, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Jorie Buijs
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philippe Levy
- Pancreatology Unit, APHP Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, France
| | - Mariia Kiriukova
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal, Pancreatic, and Biliary Diseases, A.S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elisabetta Goni
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marcus Hollenbach
- Division of Gastroenterology, Medical Department II - Oncology, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Pulmonology, Infectious Diseases, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rainer C Miksch
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lumir Kunovsky
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Geriatrics, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Surgery, University Hospital Brno, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Vujasinovic
- Department of Upper Abdominal Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Nikolic
- Department of Upper Abdominal Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luke Dickerson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Hirth
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty at Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Department of Medicine I, Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Malte Zumblick
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Josephine Vila
- HPB Unit, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Mustafa Jalal
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Georg Beyer
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabian Frost
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Silvia Carrara
- Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, Humanitas Mater Domini, Castellanza, Italy
| | - Zdenek Kala
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Brno, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Jabandziev
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Brno, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gurhan Sisman
- Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Filiz Akyuz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gabriele Capurso
- Pancreato-Biliary Endoscopy & Endosonography Division, Pancreas Translational & Clinical Research Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute IRCCS, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Falconi
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Pancreas Translational & Clinical Research Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute IRCCS, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Alexander Arlt
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany; Department for Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, University Hospital, Klinikum Oldenburg AöR, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Frank P Vleggaar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Luca Barresi
- Endoscopy Service, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCSS-ISMETT), Palermo, Italy
| | - Bill Greenhalf
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - László Czakó
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Szentágothai Research Centre, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Peter Hegyi
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Szentágothai Research Centre, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Division of Pancreatic Diseases, Heart and Vascular Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrew Hopper
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Manu K Nayar
- HPB Unit, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas M Gress
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Francesco Vitali
- Department of Medicine I, Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Schneider
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty at Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Chris M Halloran
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Trna
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Center Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Lorenzo Dagna
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases (UnIRAR), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Djuna L Cahen
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dmitry Bordin
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal, Pancreatic, and Biliary Diseases, A.S. Loginov Moscow Clinical Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Department of Outpatient Therapy and Family Medicine, Tver State Medical University, Tver, Russia
| | | | - Julia Mayerle
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alisan Kahraman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Essen University Hospital, University of Duisberg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Rasch
- Department of Medicine II, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Emma Culver
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital and Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Emma Martínez-Moneo
- Biocruces, Grupo Transplante Hepático, Osakidetza, Hospital Universitario Cruces, Servicio Aparato Digestivo, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Ola Røkke
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Akershus University Hospital, Loerenskog, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, Campus Ahus, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tomas Hucl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Søren S Olesen
- Centre for Pancreatic Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Marco J Bruno
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emanuel Della-Torre
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases (UnIRAR), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ulrich Beuers
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J-Matthias Löhr
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Geriatrics, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Surgery, University Hospital Brno, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jonas Rosendahl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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7
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Krüger J, Fischer A, Breunig M, Allgöwer C, Schulte L, Merkle J, Mulaw MA, Okeke N, Melzer MK, Morgenstern C, Azoitei N, Seufferlein T, Barth TF, Siebert R, Hohwieler M, Kleger A. DNA methylation-associated allelic inactivation regulates Keratin 19 gene expression during pancreatic development and carcinogenesis. J Pathol 2023; 261:139-155. [PMID: 37555362 DOI: 10.1002/path.6156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Within the pancreas, Keratin 19 (KRT19) labels the ductal lineage and is a determinant of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). To investigate KRT19 expression dynamics, we developed a human pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-based KRT19-mCherry reporter system in different genetic backgrounds to monitor KRT19 expression from its endogenous gene locus. A differentiation protocol to generate mature pancreatic duct-like organoids was applied. While KRT19/mCherry expression became evident at the early endoderm stage, mCherry signal was present in nearly all cells at the pancreatic endoderm (PE) and pancreatic progenitor (PP) stages. Interestingly, despite homogenous KRT19 expression, mCherry positivity dropped to 50% after ductal maturation, indicating a permanent switch from biallelic to monoallelic expression. DNA methylation profiling separated the distinct differentiation intermediates, with site-specific DNA methylation patterns occurring at the KRT19 locus during ductal maturation. Accordingly, the monoallelic switch was partially reverted upon treatment with a DNA-methyltransferase inhibitor. In human PDAC cohorts, high KRT19 levels correlate with low locus methylation and decreased survival. At the same time, activation of oncogenic KRASG12D signalling in our reporter system reversed monoallelic back to biallelic KRT19 expression in pancreatic duct-like organoids. Allelic reactivation was also detected in single-cell transcriptomes of human PDACs, which further revealed a positive correlation between KRT19 and KRAS expression. Accordingly, KRAS mutant PDACs had higher KRT19 mRNA but lower KRT19 gene locus DNA methylation than wildtype counterparts. KRT19 protein was additionally detected in plasma of PDAC patients, with higher concentrations correlating with shorter progression-free survival in gemcitabine/nabPaclitaxel-treated and opposing trends in FOLFIRINOX-treated patients. Apart from being an important pancreatic ductal lineage marker, KRT19 appears tightly controlled via a switch from biallelic to monoallelic expression during ductal lineage entry and is aberrantly expressed after oncogenic KRASG12D expression, indicating a role in PDAC development and malignancy. Soluble KRT19 might serve as a relevant biomarker to stratify treatment. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Krüger
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anja Fischer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University & Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Breunig
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Chantal Allgöwer
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lucas Schulte
- Division of Interdisciplinary Pancreatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Medhanie A Mulaw
- Unit for Single-cell Genomics, Medical Faculty, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Nnamdi Okeke
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University & Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael K Melzer
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Clara Morgenstern
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ninel Azoitei
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Fe Barth
- Department of Pathology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Reiner Siebert
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University & Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Meike Hohwieler
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
- Division of Interdisciplinary Pancreatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
- Organoid Core Facility, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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8
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Wang X, Liu J, Azoitei A, Eiseler T, Meessen S, Jiang W, Zheng X, Makori AW, Eckstein M, Hartmann A, Stilgenbauer S, Elati M, Hohwieler M, Kleger A, John A, Zengerling F, Wezel F, Bolenz C, Günes C. Loss of ORP3 induces aneuploidy and promotes bladder cancer cell invasion through deregulated microtubule and actin dynamics. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:299. [PMID: 37740130 PMCID: PMC10516806 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04959-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
We have recently shown that loss of ORP3 leads to aneuploidy induction and promotes tumor formation. However, the specific mechanisms by which ORP3 contributes to ploidy-control and cancer initiation and progression is still unknown. Here, we report that ORP3 is highly expressed in ureter and bladder epithelium while its expression is downregulated in invasive bladder cancer cell lines and during tumor progression, both in human and in mouse bladder cancer. Moreover, we observed an increase in the incidence of N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine (BBN)-induced invasive bladder carcinoma in the tissue-specific Orp3 knockout mice. Experimental data demonstrate that ORP3 protein interacts with γ-tubulin at the centrosomes and with components of actin cytoskeleton. Altering the expression of ORP3 induces aneuploidy and genomic instability in telomerase-immortalized urothelial cells with a stable karyotype and influences the migration and invasive capacity of bladder cancer cell lines. These findings demonstrate a crucial role of ORP3 in ploidy-control and indicate that ORP3 is a bona fide tumor suppressor protein. Of note, the presented data indicate that ORP3 affects both cell invasion and migration as well as genome stability through interactions with cytoskeletal components, providing a molecular link between aneuploidy and cell invasion and migration, two crucial characteristics of metastatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Hospital, Helmholtzstr. 10, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Junnan Liu
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Hospital, Helmholtzstr. 10, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Anca Azoitei
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Hospital, Helmholtzstr. 10, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tim Eiseler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sabine Meessen
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Hospital, Helmholtzstr. 10, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wencheng Jiang
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Hospital, Helmholtzstr. 10, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Xi Zheng
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Hospital, Helmholtzstr. 10, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Arika W Makori
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Hospital, Helmholtzstr. 10, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Eckstein
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Mohamed Elati
- CANTHER, ONCOLille Institute, University of Lille, CNRS UMR 1277, Inserm U9020, 59045, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Meike Hohwieler
- Institute of Mol. Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Institute of Mol. Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Axel John
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Hospital, Helmholtzstr. 10, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Friedemann Zengerling
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Hospital, Helmholtzstr. 10, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Felix Wezel
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Hospital, Helmholtzstr. 10, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian Bolenz
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Hospital, Helmholtzstr. 10, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Cagatay Günes
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Hospital, Helmholtzstr. 10, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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9
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Melzer MK, Kleger A. Pancreatic acinar heterogeneity hijacks carcinogenesis and homeostasis. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:1003-1005. [PMID: 37541205 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
In this issue, Jiang and colleagues employ multiple lineage-tracing approaches to elaborate on the role of Tff2+ transit-amplifying progenitor cells in the pancreatic acinar compartment of mice. This work provides insights into the steady-state homeostasis and tumor-suppressive features of certain progenitor cells and presents findings on acinar cell heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Karl Melzer
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany; Department of Urology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany; Division of Interdisciplinary Pancreatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany; Core Facility Organoids, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
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10
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Mastracci TL, Apte M, Amundadottir LT, Alvarsson A, Artandi S, Bellin MD, Bernal-Mizrachi E, Caicedo A, Campbell-Thompson M, Cruz-Monserrate Z, Ouaamari AE, Gaulton KJ, Geisz A, Goodarzi MO, Hara M, Hull-Meichle RL, Kleger A, Klein AP, Kopp JL, Kulkarni RN, Muzumdar MD, Naren AP, Oakes SA, Olesen SS, Phelps EA, Powers AC, Stabler CL, Tirkes T, Whitcomb DC, Yadav D, Yong J, Zaghloul NA, Pandol SJ, Sander M. Erratum. Integrated Physiology of the Exocrine and Endocrine Compartments in Pancreatic Diseases: Workshop Proceedings. Diabetes 2023;72:433-448. Diabetes 2023; 72:1173. [PMID: 37116182 PMCID: PMC10382644 DOI: 10.2337/db23-er08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
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11
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Mastracci TL, Apte M, Amundadottir LT, Alvarsson A, Artandi S, Bellin MD, Bernal-Mizrachi E, Caicedo A, Campbell-Thompson M, Cruz-Monserrate Z, El Ouaamari A, Gaulton KJ, Geisz A, Goodarzi MO, Hara M, Hull-Meichle RL, Kleger A, Klein AP, Kopp JL, Kulkarni RN, Muzumdar MD, Naren AP, Oakes SA, Olesen SS, Phelps EA, Powers AC, Stabler CL, Tirkes T, Whitcomb DC, Yadav D, Yong J, Zaghloul NA, Pandol SJ, Sander M. Integrated Physiology of the Exocrine and Endocrine Compartments in Pancreatic Diseases: Workshop Proceedings. Diabetes 2023; 72:433-448. [PMID: 36940317 PMCID: PMC10033248 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
The Integrated Physiology of the Exocrine and Endocrine Compartments in Pancreatic Diseases workshop was a 1.5-day scientific conference at the National Institutes of Health (Bethesda, MD) that engaged clinical and basic science investigators interested in diseases of the pancreas. This report provides a summary of the proceedings from the workshop. The goals of the workshop were to forge connections and identify gaps in knowledge that could guide future research directions. Presentations were segregated into six major theme areas, including 1) pancreas anatomy and physiology, 2) diabetes in the setting of exocrine disease, 3) metabolic influences on the exocrine pancreas, 4) genetic drivers of pancreatic diseases, 5) tools for integrated pancreatic analysis, and 6) implications of exocrine-endocrine cross talk. For each theme, multiple presentations were followed by panel discussions on specific topics relevant to each area of research; these are summarized here. Significantly, the discussions resulted in the identification of research gaps and opportunities for the field to address. In general, it was concluded that as a pancreas research community, we must more thoughtfully integrate our current knowledge of normal physiology as well as the disease mechanisms that underlie endocrine and exocrine disorders so that there is a better understanding of the interplay between these compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa L. Mastracci
- Department of Biology, Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Minoti Apte
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Alexandra Alvarsson
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Steven Artandi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Melena D. Bellin
- Departments of Pediatrics and Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Ernesto Bernal-Mizrachi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Alejandro Caicedo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Martha Campbell-Thompson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Zobeida Cruz-Monserrate
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | | | - Kyle J. Gaulton
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Andrea Geisz
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Mark O. Goodarzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Manami Hara
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Rebecca L. Hull-Meichle
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alison P. Klein
- Department of Pathology and Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD
| | - Janel L. Kopp
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Mandar D. Muzumdar
- Departments of Genetics and Internal Medicine (Oncology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Scott A. Oakes
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Søren S. Olesen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Edward A. Phelps
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Alvin C. Powers
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Cherie L. Stabler
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Temel Tirkes
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | | | - Dhiraj Yadav
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jing Yong
- Degenerative Diseases Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Norann A. Zaghloul
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Stephen J. Pandol
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Maike Sander
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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12
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Melzer MK, Resheq Y, Navaee F, Kleger A. The application of pancreatic cancer organoids for novel drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2023; 18:429-444. [PMID: 36945198 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2023.2194627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma presents with a dismal prognosis. Personalized therapy is urgently warranted to overcome the treatment limitations of the "one-size-fits-all" scheme. Organoids have emerged as fundamental novel tools to study tumor biology and heterogeneity, hence overcoming limitations of other model systems by better-reflecting tissue heterogeneity and recapitulating in-vivo processes. Besides their crucial role in basic research, they have evolved as tools for translational drug discovery and patient stratification. AREAS COVERED This review highlights the achievements of an organoid-based drug investigation and discovery. The authors present an overview of studies using organoids for drug testing. Further, they pinpoint studies correlating the in vitro prediction of organoids to the actual patient`s response. Furthermore, the authors describe novel model systems and take a thorough overlook of microfluidic chips, synthetic matrices, multicellular systems, bioprinting, and stem cell-derived pancreatic organoid systems. EXPERT OPINION Organoid systems promise great potential for future clinical applications. Indeed, they may be implemented into informed decision-making for guiding therapies. However, validation by randomized trials is mandatory. Additionally, organoids in combination with other cellular compartments may be exploited for drug discovery by studying niche-tumor interaction. Yet, several precautions must be kept in mind, such as standardization and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Karl Melzer
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Yazid Resheq
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Fatemeh Navaee
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
- Division of Interdisciplinary Pancreatology, Department of Internal Medicine 1, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
- Core Facility Organoids, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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13
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Melzer MK, Schirge S, Gout J, Arnold F, Srinivasan D, Burtscher I, Allgöwer C, Mulaw M, Zengerling F, Günes C, Lickert H, Christoffels VM, Liebau S, Wagner M, Seufferlein T, Bolenz C, Moon AM, Perkhofer L, Kleger A. TBX3 is dynamically expressed in pancreatic organogenesis and fine-tunes regeneration. BMC Biol 2023; 21:55. [PMID: 36941669 PMCID: PMC10029195 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01553-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reactivation of genetic programs from early development is a common mechanism for injury-induced organ regeneration. T-box 3 (TBX3) is a member of the T-box family of transcription factors previously shown to regulate pluripotency and subsequent lineage commitment in a number of tissues, including limb and lung. TBX3 is also involved in lung and heart organogenesis. Here, we provide a comprehensive and thorough characterization of TBX3 and its role during pancreatic organogenesis and regeneration. RESULTS We interrogated the level and cell specificity of TBX3 in the developing and adult pancreas at mRNA and protein levels at multiple developmental stages in mouse and human pancreas. We employed conditional mutagenesis to determine its role in murine pancreatic development and in regeneration after the induction of acute pancreatitis. We found that Tbx3 is dynamically expressed in the pancreatic mesenchyme and epithelium. While Tbx3 is expressed in the developing pancreas, its absence is likely compensated by other factors after ablation from either the mesenchymal or epithelial compartments. In an adult model of acute pancreatitis, we found that a lack of Tbx3 resulted in increased proliferation and fibrosis as well as an enhanced inflammatory gene programs, indicating that Tbx3 has a role in tissue homeostasis and regeneration. CONCLUSIONS TBX3 demonstrates dynamic expression patterns in the pancreas. Although TBX3 is dispensable for proper pancreatic development, its absence leads to altered organ regeneration after induction of acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Karl Melzer
- Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, 89081, Germany
- Clinic of Urology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, 89081, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Silvia Schirge
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Johann Gout
- Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, 89081, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Frank Arnold
- Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, 89081, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Dharini Srinivasan
- Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, 89081, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Ingo Burtscher
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Chantal Allgöwer
- Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, 89081, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Medhanie Mulaw
- Unit for Single-cell Genomics, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Cagatay Günes
- Clinic of Urology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of b-Cell Biology, Technische Universität München, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, 81675, München, Germany
| | - Vincent M Christoffels
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Liebau
- Institute of Neuroanatomy & Developmental Biology (INDB), Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Österbergstrasse 3, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Wagner
- Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | | | - Anne M Moon
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, PA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics (adjunct), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Hess Center for Science and Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lukas Perkhofer
- Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, 89081, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, 89081, Germany.
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, 89081, Germany.
- Core Facility Organoids, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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14
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Navaee F, Renaud P, Piacentini N, Durand M, Bayat DZ, Ledroit D, Heub S, Boder-Pasche S, Kleger A, Braschler T, Weder G. Toward a Physiologically Relevant 3D Helicoidal-Oriented Cardiac Model: Simultaneous Application of Mechanical Stimulation and Surface Topography. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10020266. [PMID: 36829760 PMCID: PMC9952807 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10020266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardium consists of cardiac cells that interact with their environment through physical, biochemical, and electrical stimulations. The physiology, function, and metabolism of cardiac tissue are affected by this dynamic structure. Within the myocardium, cardiomyocytes' orientations are parallel, creating a dominant orientation. Additionally, local alignments of fibers, along with a helical organization, become evident at the macroscopic level. For the successful development of a reliable in vitro cardiac model, evaluation of cardiac cells' behavior in a dynamic microenvironment, as well as their spatial architecture, is mandatory. In this study, we hypothesize that complex interactions between long-term contraction boundary conditions and cyclic mechanical stimulation may provide a physiological mechanism to generate off-axis alignments in the preferred mechanical stretch direction. This off-axis alignment can be engineered in vitro and, most importantly, mirrors the helical arrangements observed in vivo. For this purpose, uniaxial mechanical stretching of dECM-fibrin hydrogels was performed on pre-aligned 3D cultures of cardiac cells. In view of the potential development of helical structures similar to those in native hearts, the possibility of generating oblique alignments ranging between 0° and 90° was explored. Indeed, our investigations of cell alignment in 3D, employing both mechanical stimulation and groove constraint, provide a reliable mechanism for the generation of helicoidal structures in the myocardium. By combining cyclic stretch and geometric alignment in grooves, an intermediate angle toward favored direction can be achieved experimentally: while cyclic stretch produces a perpendicular orientation, geometric alignment is associated with a parallel one. In our 2D and 3D culture conditions, nonlinear cellular addition of the strains and strain avoidance concept reliably predicted the preferred cellular alignment. The 3D dECM-fibrin model system in this study shows that cyclical stretching supports cell survival and development. Using mechanical stimulation of pre-aligned heart cells, maturation markers are augmented in neonatal cardiomyocytes, while the beating culture period is prolonged, indicating an improved model function. We propose a simplified theoretical model based on numerical simulation and nonlinear strain avoidance by cells to explain oblique alignment angles. Thus, this work lays a possible rational basis for understanding and engineering oblique cellular alignments, such as the helicoidal layout of the heart, using approaches that simultaneously enhance maturation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Navaee
- Microsystems Laboratory-LMIS4, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, CMU, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Philippe Renaud
- Microsystems Laboratory-LMIS4, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Mathilde Durand
- Swiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology (CSEM), 2002 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Dara Zaman Bayat
- Swiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology (CSEM), 2002 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Diane Ledroit
- Swiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology (CSEM), 2002 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Heub
- Swiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology (CSEM), 2002 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | | | - Alexander Kleger
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Pancreatology, Department of Internal Medicine 1, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Organoid Core Facility, Medical Faculty, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Braschler
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, CMU, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
| | - Gilles Weder
- Swiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology (CSEM), 2002 Neuchatel, Switzerland
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15
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Navaee F, Renaud P, Kleger A, Braschler T. Highly Efficient Cardiac Differentiation and Maintenance by Thrombin-Coagulated Fibrin Hydrogels Enriched with Decellularized Porcine Heart Extracellular Matrix. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2842. [PMID: 36769166 PMCID: PMC9917900 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Biochemical and biophysical properties instruct cardiac tissue morphogenesis. Here, we are reporting on a blend of cardiac decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) from porcine ventricular tissue and fibrinogen that is suitable for investigations employing an in vitro 3D cardiac cell culture model. Rapid and specific coagulation with thrombin facilitates the gentle inclusion of cells while avoiding sedimentation during formation of the dECM-fibrin composite. Our investigations revealed enhanced cardiogenic differentiation in the H9c2 myoblast cells when using the system in a co-culture with Nor-10 fibroblasts. Further enhancement of differentiation efficiency was achieved by 3D embedding of rat neonatal cardiomyocytes in the 3D system. Calcium imaging and analysis of beating motion both indicate that the dECM-fibrin composite significantly enhances recovery, frequency, synchrony, and the maintenance of spontaneous beating, as compared to various controls including Matrigel, pure fibrin and collagen I as well as a fibrin-collagen I blend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Navaee
- Microsystems Laboratory-LMIS4, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, CMU, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Philippe Renaud
- Microsystems Laboratory-LMIS4, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Pancreatology, Department of Internal Medicine 1, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Organoid Core Facility, Medical Faculty, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Braschler
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, CMU, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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16
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Tiwary K, Harms M, Beitzinger B, Schmid R, Inaas S, Walter K, Kleger A, Lindén M, Seufferlein T, Münch J, Hermann PC. Abstract B034: CXCR4 targeting endogenous human peptides eliminate migrating cancer stem cells by disrupting tumor-stroma crosstalk in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. Cancer Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.metastasis22-b034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal cancer characterized by late diagnosis, lack of early symptoms and extensive metastasis. One of the foremost reasons for such startling statistics is the presence of a subpopulation of highly plastic stem-like cells within the tumor called cancer stem cells (CSCs). We have previously identified a distinct subset of these CSCs within the invasive front of patient tumors. This subset, called migrating cancer stem cells (miCSCs), is characterized by CD133+CXCR4+ expression and determines the metastatic phenotype of pancreatic cancer. Therefore, targeting CXCR4 may represent a potential therapeutic approach to lower metastatic burden in PDAC. Here, we examined the effect of endogenous human peptides EPI-X4 and other derivatives thereof as CXCR4 antagonist on (i) patient-derived primary pancreatic cancer cells and (ii) tumor-stroma crosstalk by using a dual culture system with pancreatic stellate cells. We established these peptides as novel therapeutic strategy for combating the metastatic activity of pancreatic cancer using combinatorial therapeutic approaches and testing different in vivo delivery system such as peptide fatty-acid (FA) conjugates and silica nanoparticles (Si-NP). Our results show that EPI-X4 as well as its derivatives (e.g., JM#21) strongly inhibited migratory capacity of primary pancreatic cancer cells towards the CXCR4 ligand CXCL12 in vitro. Thereby, JM#21 was identified as the most potent EPI-X4 derivate. Mechanistical analysis by western blot, gene expression and immunofluorescence revealed that JM#21 increased Cadherin-1 expression by suppression of Snail1 via inactivation of SHH pathway. Moreover, JM#21 decreased CXCL12-induced phosphorylation of AKT and IKBa as well as NANOG expression, which further suppressed self-renewal capacity and EMT in the tumor cells. Strikingly, JM#21 sensitized selected cell lines towards gemcitabine and paclitaxel. Furthermore, FA conjugated and Si-NP encapsulated JM#21 restricted miCSCs maintenance which was predominantly regulated via stellate cell secreted CXCL12. In serum conditions, both FA conjugated, and Si-NP encapsulated JM#21 was found to be stable and active, proving as a valuable delivery system for in vivo studies. In conclusion, our study reveals that targeting CXCR4/CXCL12 signaling axis using human endogenous EPI-X4 derivates particularly JM#21 inhibits tumor-stroma crosstalk which is paramount for the propagation and maintenance of miCSC. Particularly, we demonstrate, in both mechanistic and preclinical set up, that these peptides abrogate the metastatic capacity of patient-derived pancreatic cancer cells by selective targeted elimination of miCSCs. Moreover, tumor cells show increased susceptibility towards conventional treatment strategies enforcing EPI-X4 derivate as a novel combinatory therapy to treat metastatic pancreatic cancer.
Citation Format: Kanishka Tiwary, Mirja Harms, Bastian Beitzinger, Roman Schmid, Syeda Inaas, Karolin Walter, Alexander Kleger, Mika Lindén, Thomas Seufferlein, Jan Münch, Patrick Christian Hermann. CXCR4 targeting endogenous human peptides eliminate migrating cancer stem cells by disrupting tumor-stroma crosstalk in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Cancer Metastasis; 2022 Nov 14-17; Portland, OR. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;83(2 Suppl_2):Abstract nr B034.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanishka Tiwary
- 1Dept. of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany,
| | - Mirja Harms
- 2Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany,
| | | | - Roman Schmid
- 3Institute for Inorganic Chemistry II, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany,
| | - Syeda Inaas
- 1Dept. of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany,
| | - Karolin Walter
- 4Dept. of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Mika Lindén
- 3Institute for Inorganic Chemistry II, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany,
| | | | - Jan Münch
- 2Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany,
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17
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Tiwary K, Lahusen A, Inaas S, Hauff S, Walter K, Kleger A, Seufferlein T, Sainz B, Hermann PC. Abstract B035: CXCL12 / CXCR4 signaling enhances and sustains migrating cancer stem cells via BMI1 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. Cancer Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.metastasis22-b035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a fatal disease and is one of the most aggressive and metastatic malignancies worldwide. The dissemination of tumor cells is the prerequisite of metastases and correlates with a loss of epithelial differentiation and the acquisition of a migratory phenotype, a hallmark of malignant tumor progression. Migrating cancer stem cells (miCSCs) characterized by CD133+ and CXCR4+ expression play a pivotal role in malignant tumor formation, have been reported to form the invasive front of the metastasis and in silico analysis showed that both CSCs and miCSCs are significantly upregulated in PDAC. However, the regulatory pattern maintaining these CSCs and especially miCSCs in PDAC remains widely elusive. Thus, this study further helps to unravel pathways responsible for maintenance of CSC (CD133+) and miCSC (CD133+ CXCR4+) population. To identify key signaling pathways responsible for both CSCs and miCSCs maintenance, we first generated a protein-protein interaction network using STRING database. Afterwards, we validated these signaling pathway(s) involved in aiding CSC and miCSC population by performing shRNA mediated knockdown of key signaling proteins in different patient-derived pancreatic cancer cell lines. Moreover, we interrogated the involvement of the tumor-stroma crosstalk in the regulation of these pathways by co-culturing tumor cells with pancreatic stellate cells. Protein-protein interaction network incorporating relevant factors involved in EMT, stemness, as well as SHH, NF-kB and AKT signaling pathway identified a strong link between the CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling axis and BMI1. Migration assay, sphere formation assay and western blot upon shRNA mediated knockdown of either CXCR4 and/or BMI1 ascertained BMI1 as a key player downstream of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis to mechanistically effect both EMT and stemness. Pathway focused gene expression analysis as well as ELISA and immunofluorescence for CXCL12 and actin filaments, respectively, revealed the indispensable nature of tumor-stroma crosstalk on promoting CSC and miCSC population through the chemokine CXCL12. In addition, co-culture systems revealed that particularly pancreatic stellate cells play a significant role in maintaining both CSCs and miCSCs population as well as their characteristic phenotype including but not limited to chemotherapy resistance. Taken together, our results obtained in this study established mechanistically that the CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling pathway driven by tumor-stroma crosstalk not only enhances but also maintains both CSCs and miCSCs in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas through BMI1 ultimately promoting metastases and therapeutic resistance.
Citation Format: Kanishka Tiwary, Anton Lahusen, Syeda Inaas, Stefanie Hauff, Karolin Walter, Alexander Kleger, Thomas Seufferlein, Bruno Sainz Jr., Patrick Christian Hermann. CXCL12 / CXCR4 signaling enhances and sustains migrating cancer stem cells via BMI1 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Cancer Metastasis; 2022 Nov 14-17; Portland, OR. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;83(2 Suppl_2):Abstract nr B035.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanishka Tiwary
- 1Dept. of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany,
| | - Anton Lahusen
- 2Dept. of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany,
| | - Syeda Inaas
- 1Dept. of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany,
| | - Stefanie Hauff
- 1Dept. of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany,
| | - Karolin Walter
- 1Dept. of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany,
| | | | | | - Bruno Sainz
- 3Department of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Merz S, Breunig M, Melzer MK, Heller S, Wiedenmann S, Seufferlein T, Meier M, Krüger J, Mulaw MA, Hohwieler M, Kleger A. Single-cell profiling of GP2-enriched pancreatic progenitors to simultaneously create acinar, ductal, and endocrine organoids. Theranostics 2023; 13:1949-1973. [PMID: 37064874 PMCID: PMC10091881 DOI: 10.7150/thno.78323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Pancreatic lineage specification follows the formation of tripotent pancreatic progenitors (PPs). Current protocols rebuilding PPs in vitro have an endocrine lineage bias and are mostly based on PDX1/NKX6-1 coexpression neglecting other markers decisive for PP heterogeneity and lineage potential. However, true tripotent PPs are of utmost interest to study also exocrine disorders such as pancreatic cancer and to simultaneously generate all three pancreatic lineages from the same ancestor. Methods: Here, we performed a comprehensive compound testing to advance the generation of multipotent progenitors, which were further characterized for their trilineage potential in vitro and in vivo. The heterogeneity and cell-cell communication across the PP subpopulations were analyzed via single-cell transcriptomics. Results: We introduce a novel PP differentiation platform based on a comprehensive compound screening with an advanced design of experiments computing tool to reduce impurities and to increase Glycoprotein-2 expression and subsequent trilineage potential. Superior PP tripotency was proven in vitro by the generation of acinar, endocrine, and ductal cells as well as in vivo upon orthotopic transplantation revealing all three lineages at fetal maturation level. GP2 expression levels at PP stage ascribed varying pancreatic lineage potential. Intermediate and high GP2 levels were superior in generating endocrine and duct-like organoids (PDLO). FACS-based purification of the GP2high PPs allowed the generation of pancreatic acinar-like organoids (PALO) with proper morphology and expression of digestive enzymes. scRNA-seq confirmed multipotent identity, positioned the GP2/PDX1/NKX6-1high population next to human fetal tip and trunk progenitors and identified novel ligand-receptor (LR) interactions in distinct PP subpopulations. LR validation experiments licensed midkine and VEGF signaling to increase markers labelling the single cell clusters with high GP2 expression. Conclusion: In this study, we guide human pluripotent stem cells into multipotent pancreatic progenitors. This common precursor population, which has the ability to mature into acinar, ductal and functional β-cells, serves as a basis for studying developmental processes and deciphering early cancer formation in a cell type-specific context. Using single-cell RNA sequencing and subsequent validation studies, we were able to dissect PP heterogeneity and specific cell-cell communication signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Merz
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Breunig
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Karl Melzer
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sandra Heller
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sandra Wiedenmann
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Matthias Meier
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jana Krüger
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Medhanie A Mulaw
- Central Unit Single Cell Sequencing, Medical Faculty, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Meike Hohwieler
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
- ✉ Corresponding author: Prof. Dr. Alexander Kleger, Director, Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany. Phone: +49-731-500-44728; Fax: +49-731-500-44612;
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
- Division of Interdisciplinary Pancreatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
- ✉ Corresponding author: Prof. Dr. Alexander Kleger, Director, Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany. Phone: +49-731-500-44728; Fax: +49-731-500-44612;
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19
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Seufferlein T, Uhl W, Kornmann M, Algül H, Friess H, König A, Ghadimi M, Gallmeier E, Bartsch DK, Lutz MP, Metzger R, Wille K, Gerdes B, Schimanski CC, Graupe F, Kunzmann V, Klein I, Geissler M, Staib L, Waldschmidt D, Bruns C, Wittel U, Fichtner-Feigl S, Daum S, Hinke A, Blome L, Tannapfel A, Kleger A, Berger AW, Kestler AMR, Schuhbaur JS, Perkhofer L, Tempero M, Reinacher-Schick AC, Ettrich TJ. Perioperative or only adjuvant gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel for resectable pancreatic cancer (NEONAX)-a randomized phase II trial of the AIO pancreatic cancer group. Ann Oncol 2023; 34:91-100. [PMID: 36209981 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.09.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on perioperative chemotherapy in resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (rPDAC) are limited. NEONAX examined perioperative or adjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel in rPDAC (National Comprehensive Cancer Network criteria). PATIENTS AND METHODS NEONAX is a prospective, randomized phase II trial with two independent experimental arms. One hundred twenty-seven rPDAC patients in 22 German centers were randomized 1 : 1 to perioperative (two pre-operative and four post-operative cycles, arm A) or adjuvant (six cycles, arm B) gemcitabine (1000 mg/m2) and nab-paclitaxel (125 mg/m2) on days 1, 8 and 15 of a 28-day cycle. RESULTS The primary endpoint was disease-free survival (DFS) at 18 months in the modified intention-to-treat (ITT) population [R0/R1-resected patients who started neoadjuvant chemotherapy (CTX) (A) or adjuvant CTX (B)]. The pre-defined DFS rate of 55% at 18 months was not reached in both arms [A: 33.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 18.5% to 48.1%), B: 41.4% (95% CI 20.7% to 62.0%)]. Ninety percent of patients in arm A completed neoadjuvant treatment, and 42% of patients in arm B started adjuvant chemotherapy. R0 resection rate was 88% (arm A) and 67% (arm B), respectively. Median overall survival (mOS) (ITT population) as a secondary endpoint was 25.5 months (95% CI 19.7-29.7 months) in arm A and 16.7 months (95% CI 11.6-22.2 months) in the upfront surgery arm. This difference corresponds to a median DFS (mDFS) (ITT) of 11.5 months (95% CI 8.8-14.5 months) in arm A and 5.9 months (95% CI 3.6-11.5 months) in arm B. Treatment was safe and well tolerable in both arms. CONCLUSIONS The primary endpoint, DFS rate of 55% at 18 months (mITT population), was not reached in either arm of the trial and numerically favored the upfront surgery arm B. mOS (ITT population), a secondary endpoint, numerically favored the neoadjuvant arm A [25.5 months (95% CI 19.7-29.7months); arm B 16.7 months (95% CI 11.6-22.2 months)]. There was a difference in chemotherapy exposure with 90% of patients in arm A completing pre-operative chemotherapy and 58% of patients starting adjuvant chemotherapy in arm B. Neoadjuvant/perioperative treatment is a novel option for patients with resectable PDAC. However, the optimal treatment regimen has yet to be defined. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02047513) and the European Clinical Trials Database (EudraCT 2013-005559-34).
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Affiliation(s)
- T Seufferlein
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
| | - W Uhl
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, St. Josef-Hospital Bochum, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - M Kornmann
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - H Algül
- CCC Munich-TUM and Department of Internal Medicine II, TUM, Munich, Germany
| | - H Friess
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, TUM, Munich, Germany
| | - A König
- Department of Gastroenterology, GI-Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - M Ghadimi
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - E Gallmeier
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - D K Bartsch
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - M P Lutz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Caritasklinik St. Theresia, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - R Metzger
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Caritasklinik St. Theresia, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - K Wille
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Palliative Care, Johannes Wesling Medical Center Minden, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - B Gerdes
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery Minden, Ruhr-University Bochum, Minden, Germany
| | - C C Schimanski
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Darmstadt Hospital, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - F Graupe
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Darmstadt Hospital, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - V Kunzmann
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - I Klein
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - M Geissler
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Esslingen Hospital, Esslingen, Germany
| | - L Staib
- Department of Surgery, Esslingen Hospital, Esslingen, Germany
| | - D Waldschmidt
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - C Bruns
- Department of Visceral Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - U Wittel
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - S Fichtner-Feigl
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - S Daum
- Department for Gastroenterology, Rheumatology and Infectology, Charite University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Hinke
- Biostatistics, CCRC Cancer Clinical Research Consulting, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - L Blome
- Biometrics, ClinAssess Gesellschaft für klinische Forschung mbH, Leverkusen, Germany
| | - A Tannapfel
- Institute of Pathology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - A Kleger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - A W Berger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - A M R Kestler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - J S Schuhbaur
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - L Perkhofer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - M Tempero
- UCSF Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - A C Reinacher-Schick
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - T J Ettrich
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger Groß
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Institute for Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
- Division of Interdisciplinary Pancreatology, Department of Internal Medicine 1, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
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21
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Beutel AK, Singh R, Anaraki C, Tong G, Martinez T, Kleger A, Jutric Z, Halbrook CJ. Abstract PR023: Targeting gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.panca22-pr023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal malignancies with a devastating 5-year survival rate of 11%. A lack of durable responses to standard-of-care chemotherapy combinations renders its treatment particularly challenging and largely contributes to the devastating prognosis. Gemcitabine, a pyrimidine anti-metabolite, is a cornerstone in PDAC therapy, but resistance remains a major hurdle. Multiple mechanisms of chemoresistance have been suggested to be mediated by rewired metabolism in PDAC cells. Accordingly, we hypothesize that metabolic reprogramming can be targeted to re-sensitize PDAC tumors to anti-metabolite chemotherapy. To define the spectrum of targetable metabolic and transcriptomic programs that drive cell-intrinsic resistance to gemcitabine, we established organoids from treatment-naïve PDAC patients. Gemcitabine high versus low responders, as assessed by dose response viability assays, were selected for metabolomic profiling and RNA sequencing. To define real-time reprogramming during the acquisition of resistance, we generated gemcitabine resistant murine pancreatic cancer cell lines and collected a time course series of metabolomic and transcriptomic datasets of sensitive, intermediate resistant and resistant cells. Integration of these dataset through a systems biology approach to define primary and de novo resistance is being used to characterize metabolic gemcitabine resistance mechanisms. These are functionally validated to provide novel approaches to re-sensitize resistant PDAC cells to gemcitabine in vitro and in vivo. The improvement of current chemotherapy combinations represents a promising approach, with potential to immediately translate into a clinical benefit and improve survival in this deadly disease.
Citation Format: Alica Katrin Beutel, Rima Singh, Cecily Anaraki, Gregory Tong, Thomas Martinez, Alexander Kleger, Zeljka Jutric, Christopher James Halbrook. Targeting gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer; 2022 Sep 13-16; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(22 Suppl):Abstract nr PR023.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rima Singh
- 1University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA,
| | | | | | | | | | - Zeljka Jutric
- 3University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA
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22
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Mastracci TL, Apte M, Amundadottir LT, Alvarsson A, Artandi S, Bellin MD, Bernal-Mizrachi E, Caicedo A, Campbell-Thompson M, Cruz-Monserrate Z, El Ouaamari A, Gaulton KJ, Geisz A, Goodarzi MO, Hara M, Hull-Meichle RL, Kleger A, Klein AP, Kopp JL, Kulkarni RN, Muzumdar MD, Naren AP, Oakes SA, Olesen SS, Phelps EA, Powers AC, Stabler CL, Tirkes T, Whitcomb DC, Yadav D, Yong J, Zaghloul NA, Sander M, Pandol SJ. Integrated Physiology of the Exocrine and Endocrine Compartments in Pancreatic Diseases: Workshop Proceedings. Pancreas 2022; 51:1061-1073. [PMID: 37078927 PMCID: PMC10328394 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000002170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The "Integrated Physiology of the Exocrine and Endocrine Compartments in Pancreatic Diseases" Workshop was a 1.5-day scientific conference at the National Institutes of Health (Bethesda, MD) that engaged clinical and basic science investigators interested in diseases of the pancreas. This report summarizes the workshop proceedings. The goal of the workshop was to forge connections and identify gaps in knowledge that could guide future research directions. Presentations were segregated into 6 major themes, including (a) Pancreas Anatomy and Physiology; (b) Diabetes in the Setting of Exocrine Disease; (c) Metabolic Influences on the Exocrine Pancreas; (d) Genetic Drivers of Pancreatic Diseases; (e) Tools for Integrated Pancreatic Analysis; and (f) Implications of Exocrine-Endocrine Crosstalk. For each theme, there were multiple presentations followed by panel discussions on specific topics relevant to each area of research; these are summarized herein. Significantly, the discussions resulted in the identification of research gaps and opportunities for the field to address. In general, it was concluded that as a pancreas research community, we must more thoughtfully integrate our current knowledge of the normal physiology as well as the disease mechanisms that underlie endocrine and exocrine disorders so that there is a better understanding of the interplay between these compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa L. Mastracci
- Department of Biology, Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Minoti Apte
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Alexandra Alvarsson
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Steven Artandi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Melena D. Bellin
- Departments of Pediatrics and Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Ernesto Bernal-Mizrachi
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine and Miami VA Health Care System, Miami, FL
| | | | - Martha Campbell-Thompson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Zobeida Cruz-Monserrate
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | | | - Kyle J. Gaulton
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA
| | - Andrea Geisz
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Mark O. Goodarzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
| | - Manami Hara
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Rebecca L. Hull-Meichle
- Department of Medicine, VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alison P. Klein
- Department of Pathology and Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD
| | - Janel L. Kopp
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Mandar D. Muzumdar
- Departments of Genetics and Internal Medicine (Oncology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Scott A. Oakes
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Søren S. Olesen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Edward A. Phelps
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Alvin C. Powers
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville
| | - Cherie L. Stabler
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Temel Tirkes
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | | | - Dhiraj Yadav
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jing Yong
- Degenerative Diseases Program, SBP Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Norann A. Zaghloul
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD
| | - Maike Sander
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA
| | - Stephen J. Pandol
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
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23
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Budczies J, Kluck K, Beck S, Ourailidis I, Allgäuer M, Menzel M, Kazdal D, Perkhofer L, Kleger A, Schirmacher P, Seufferlein T, Stenzinger A. Homologous recombination deficiency is inversely correlated with microsatellite instability and identifies immunologically cold tumors in most cancer types. J Pathol Clin Res 2022; 8:371-382. [PMID: 35384413 PMCID: PMC9161338 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) leads to DNA double‐strand breaks and can be exploited by the use of poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors to induce synthetic lethality. Extending the original therapeutic concept, the role of HRD is currently being investigated in clinical trials testing immune checkpoint blockers alone or in combination with PARP inhibitors, but the relationship between HRD and immune cell context in cancer is incompletely understood. We analyzed the association between immune cell composition, gene expression, and HRD in 9,041 tumors of 32 solid cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The numbers of genomic scars were quantified by the HRD sum score (HRDsum) including loss of heterozygosity, large‐scale state transitions, and telomeric allelic imbalance. The T‐cell inflamed gene expression profile correlated weakly, but significantly positively, with HRDsum across cancer types (ρ = 0.17). Within individual cancer types, a significantly positive correlation was observed only in breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and four other cancer types, but not in the remaining 26 cancer types. HRDsum and tumor mutational burden (TMB) correlated significantly positively across cancer types (ρ = 0.42) and within 18 cancer types. HRDsum and a proliferation metagene correlated significantly positively across cancer types (ρ = 0.52) and within 20 cancer types. Mismatch repair deficiency and HRD as well as proofreading deficiency showed a high level of exclusivity. High HRD scores were associated with an immunologically activated tumor microenvironment only in a minority of cancer types. Our data favor the combination of genetic markers, complex genomic markers (including HRDsum and TMB), and other molecular markers (including proliferation scores) for a precise and comprehensive read‐out of the tumor biology and an individually tailored treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Budczies
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Centers for Personalized Medicine (ZPM), Heidelberg and Ulm Partner Sites, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Kluck
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Beck
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Michael Allgäuer
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Menzel
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Kazdal
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lukas Perkhofer
- Centers for Personalized Medicine (ZPM), Heidelberg and Ulm Partner Sites, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Centers for Personalized Medicine (ZPM), Heidelberg and Ulm Partner Sites, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Centers for Personalized Medicine (ZPM), Heidelberg and Ulm Partner Sites, Germany
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- Centers for Personalized Medicine (ZPM), Heidelberg and Ulm Partner Sites, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Albrecht Stenzinger
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Centers for Personalized Medicine (ZPM), Heidelberg and Ulm Partner Sites, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
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24
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Melzer MK, Kleger A. Acute pancreatitis: Murine model systems unravel disease-modifying genes with potential implications for diagnostics and patient stratification. United European Gastroenterol J 2022; 10:618-619. [PMID: 35765709 DOI: 10.1002/ueg2.12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Karl Melzer
- Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.,Clinic of Urology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.,Core Facility Organoids, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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25
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Budczies J, Kluck K, Beck S, Ouralidis I, Allgäuer M, Menzel M, Rempel E, Kazdal D, Perkhofer L, Kleger A, Schirmacher P, Seufferlein T, Stenzinger A. Abstract 810: HRD is inversely correlated with MSI and identifies immunologically cold tumors in most cancer types. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) leads to DNA double strand breaks and can be exploited by the use of PARP inhibitors to induce synthetic lethality of cancer cells. Over the last years, the clinical utility of this therapeutic concept was successfully demonstrated in ovarian, breast, prostate and pancreatic cancer. Currently, the role of HRD is investigated in trials testing immune checkpoint blockers alone or in combination with PARP inhibitors. But the relationship between HRD and immune cell contexture in cancer is incompletely understood. Here, we analyzed the association of HRD with tumor mutational burden (TMB), immune cell composition and gene expression in 10,000 tumors of 32 solid cancer types from the TCGA project. For each of the tumors, the HRD sum score (HRDsum) was calculated from allele-specific copy numbers (derived from genotyping data) and the TMB was calculated from the missense mutation calls (derived from WES data). HRDsum and tumor mutational burden (TMB) correlated positively pan-cancer (R=0.42) and within most cancer types. By contrast, HRD was absent in ultra-hypermutated (TMB >= 100 mut/Mb) tumors. Ultra-hypermutation was typically associated with microsatellite instability (MSI) or POLE/POLD1 mutation. Significant positive correlation of the HRDsum and immune cell infiltration was observed pan-cancer, but only within a few cancer types. Significant positive correlation of HRDsum and the T-cell inflamed gene expression profile was observed only in 7 of 32 cancer types: in breast cancer, ovarian cancer, low grade glioma, testicular germ cell tumors and three kinds of kidney cancer. A functional genomics analysis was carried out by correlating genome-wide gene expression data (derived from RNA-Seq) with HRDsum. The resulting lists of significantly correlating genes were analyzed for enrichment of 50 hallmark gene sets (catalog H, MSigDB). We detected simultaneous enrichment of two proliferation-related categories, E2F_TARGETS and G2M_checkpoint, for 13 of the 32 cancer types (ACC, BLCA, BRCA, KIRC, KIRP, LGG, LIHC, LUAD, LUSC, MESO, PRAD, SARC, THYM). The study shows that HRD is associated with immunological activation of the tumor microenvironment only in a minority of cancer types. Our data support further studies of immune activating therapies in combination with immune checkpoint blockade in the not intrinsically activated cancer types and advocate to combine different genomic and transcriptomic biomarkers (including HRD and TMB) for comprehensive molecular diagnostics and therapy guidance.
Citation Format: Jan Budczies, Klaus Kluck, Susanne Beck, Iordanis Ouralidis, Michael Allgäuer, Michael Menzel, Eugen Rempel, Daniel Kazdal, Lukas Perkhofer, Alexander Kleger, Peter Schirmacher, Thomas Seufferlein, Albrecht Stenzinger. HRD is inversely correlated with MSI and identifies immunologically cold tumors in most cancer types [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 810.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Budczies
- 1University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Kluck
- 1University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Beck
- 1University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Eugen Rempel
- 1University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Kazdal
- 1University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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26
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Melzer MK, Roger E, Kleger A. State-matched organoid models to fight pancreatic cancer. Trends Cancer 2022; 8:445-447. [PMID: 35370114 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As one of the deadliest cancers, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) requires sophisticated model systems to dissect disease onset, progression, and therapy resistance, as well as to personalize therapy. In recent years, patient- and pluripotent stem cell-derived organoids have become state-of-the-art systems to refine existing therapeutic strategies and deepen our knowledge of disease pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Karl Melzer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany; Clinic of Urology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Elodie Roger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
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27
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Melzer MK, Breunig M, Arnold F, Wezel F, Azoitei A, Roger E, Krüger J, Merkle J, Schütte L, Resheq Y, Hänle M, Zehe V, Zengerling F, Azoitei N, Klein L, Penz F, Singh SK, Seufferlein T, Hohwieler M, Bolenz C, Günes C, Gout J, Kleger A. Organoids at the PUB: The Porcine Urinary Bladder Serves as a Pancreatic Niche for Advanced Cancer Modeling. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2102345. [PMID: 35114730 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202102345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite intensive research and progress in personalized medicine, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma remains one of the deadliest cancer entities. Pancreatic duct-like organoids (PDLOs) derived from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) or pancreatic cancer patient-derived organoids (PDOs) provide unique tools to study early and late stage dysplasia and to foster personalized medicine. However, such advanced systems are neither rapidly nor easily accessible and require an in vivo niche to study tumor formation and interaction with the stroma. Here, the establishment of the porcine urinary bladder (PUB) is revealed as an advanced organ culture model for shaping an ex vivo pancreatic niche. This model allows pancreatic progenitor cells to enter the ductal and endocrine lineages, while PDLOs further mature into duct-like tissue. Accordingly, the PUB offers an ex vivo platform for earliest pancreatic dysplasia and cancer if PDLOs feature KRASG12D mutations. Finally, it is demonstrated that PDOs-on-PUB i) resemble primary pancreatic cancer, ii) preserve cancer subtypes, iii) enable the study of niche epithelial crosstalk by spiking in pancreatic stellate and immune cells into the grafts, and finally iv) allow drug testing. In summary, the PUB advances the existing pancreatic cancer models by adding feasibility, complexity, and customization at low cost and high flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Karl Melzer
- Department of Urology, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Markus Breunig
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Frank Arnold
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Felix Wezel
- Department of Urology, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Anca Azoitei
- Department of Urology, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Elodie Roger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Jana Krüger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Jessica Merkle
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany
- Core Facility Organoids, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Lena Schütte
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Yazid Resheq
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Mark Hänle
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Viktor Zehe
- Department of Urology, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | | | - Ninel Azoitei
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Lukas Klein
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, 37075, Germany
| | - Frederike Penz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, 37075, Germany
| | - Shiv K Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, 37075, Germany
| | | | - Meike Hohwieler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | | | - Cagatay Günes
- Department of Urology, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Johann Gout
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany
- Core Facility Organoids, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany
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28
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Madácsy T, Varga Á, Papp N, Tél B, Pallagi P, Szabó V, Kiss A, Fanczal J, Rakonczay Z, Tiszlavicz L, Rázga Z, Hohwieler M, Kleger A, Gray M, Hegyi P, Maléth J. Impaired regulation of PMCA activity by defective CFTR expression promotes epithelial cell damage in alcoholic pancreatitis and hepatitis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:265. [PMID: 35484438 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04287-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic pancreatitis and hepatitis are frequent, potentially lethal diseases with limited treatment options. Our previous study reported that the expression of CFTR Cl- channel is impaired by ethanol in pancreatic ductal cells leading to more severe alcohol-induced pancreatitis. In addition to determining epithelial ion secretion, CFTR has multiple interactions with other proteins, which may influence intracellular Ca2+ signaling. Thus, we aimed to investigate the impact of ethanol-mediated CFTR damage on intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis in pancreatic ductal epithelial cells and cholangiocytes. Human and mouse pancreas and liver samples and organoids were used to study ion secretion, intracellular signaling, protein expression and interaction. The effect of PMCA4 inhibition was analyzed in a mouse model of alcohol-induced pancreatitis. The decreased CFTR expression impaired PMCA function and resulted in sustained intracellular Ca2+ elevation in ethanol-treated and mouse and human pancreatic organoids. Liver samples derived from alcoholic hepatitis patients and ethanol-treated mouse liver organoids showed decreased CFTR expression and function, and impaired PMCA4 activity. PMCA4 co-localizes and physically interacts with CFTR on the apical membrane of polarized epithelial cells, where CFTR-dependent calmodulin recruitment determines PMCA4 activity. The sustained intracellular Ca2+ elevation in the absence of CFTR inhibited mitochondrial function and was accompanied with increased apoptosis in pancreatic epithelial cells and PMCA4 inhibition increased the severity of alcohol-induced AP in mice. Our results suggest that improving Ca2+ extrusion in epithelial cells may be a potential novel therapeutic approach to protect the exocrine pancreatic function in alcoholic pancreatitis and prevent the development of cholestasis in alcoholic hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Madácsy
- Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720, Hungary.,HAS-USZ Momentum Epithelial Cell Signaling and Secretion Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Árpád Varga
- Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720, Hungary.,HAS-USZ Momentum Epithelial Cell Signaling and Secretion Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Noémi Papp
- Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720, Hungary.,HAS-USZ Momentum Epithelial Cell Signaling and Secretion Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Bálint Tél
- Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720, Hungary.,HAS-USZ Momentum Epithelial Cell Signaling and Secretion Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720, Hungary.,First Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Petra Pallagi
- Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720, Hungary.,HAS-USZ Momentum Epithelial Cell Signaling and Secretion Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Viktória Szabó
- Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720, Hungary.,HAS-USZ Momentum Epithelial Cell Signaling and Secretion Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Aletta Kiss
- Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720, Hungary.,HAS-USZ Momentum Epithelial Cell Signaling and Secretion Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Júlia Fanczal
- Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720, Hungary.,HAS-USZ Momentum Epithelial Cell Signaling and Secretion Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Rakonczay
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | | | - Zsolt Rázga
- Department of Pathology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Meike Hohwieler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Mike Gray
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England
| | - Péter Hegyi
- Institute for Translational Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Centre for Translational Medicine and Division for Pancreatic Disorders, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - József Maléth
- Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720, Hungary. .,HAS-USZ Momentum Epithelial Cell Signaling and Secretion Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720, Hungary. .,HCEMM-USZ Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720, Hungary.
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29
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Krumm J, Sekine K, Samaras P, Brazovskaja A, Breunig M, Yasui R, Kleger A, Taniguchi H, Wilhelm M, Treutlein B, Camp JG, Kuster B. High temporal resolution proteome and phosphoproteome profiling of stem cell-derived hepatocyte development. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110604. [PMID: 35354033 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary human hepatocytes are widely used to evaluate liver toxicity of drugs, but they are scarce and demanding to culture. Stem cell-derived hepatocytes are increasingly discussed as alternatives. To obtain a better appreciation of the molecular processes during the differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells into hepatocytes, we employ a quantitative proteomic approach to follow the expression of 9,000 proteins, 12,000 phosphorylation sites, and 800 acetylation sites over time. The analysis reveals stage-specific markers, a major molecular switch between hepatic endoderm versus immature hepatocyte-like cells impacting, e.g., metabolism, the cell cycle, kinase activity, and the expression of drug transporters. Comparing the proteomes of two- (2D) and three-dimensional (3D)-derived hepatocytes with fetal and adult liver indicates a fetal-like status of the in vitro models and lower expression of important ADME/Tox proteins. The collective data enable constructing a molecular roadmap of hepatocyte development that serves as a valuable resource for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Krumm
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Keisuke Sekine
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Systems, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-004, Japan
| | - Patroklos Samaras
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Agnieska Brazovskaja
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Breunig
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ryota Yasui
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-004, Japan
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Hideki Taniguchi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-004, Japan; Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Mathias Wilhelm
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany; Computational Mass Spectrometry, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Barbara Treutlein
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - J Gray Camp
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany; Bavarian Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Center (BayBioMS), Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany.
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30
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Hentschel V, Walter B, Harder N, Arnold F, Seufferlein T, Wagner M, Müller M, Kleger A. Microbial Spectra and Clinical Outcomes from Endoscopically Drained Pancreatic Fluid Collections: A Descriptive Cohort Study. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11030420. [PMID: 35326883 PMCID: PMC8944472 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11030420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic pseudocyst (PC) and walled-off necrosis (WON) are dreaded complications of acute pancreatitis. Standard therapy consists of endoscopic ultrasound-guided transmural placement of stents to expedite resolution through internal drainage of fluids or necrotic material. Either double pigtail plastic stents (DPPS) or lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS), or a combination of both, are available for this purpose. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of different stent types on infection rates in addition to clinical outcome measures such as periprocedural adverse events. We conducted a retrospective study comprising 77 patients who had undergone endoscopic drainage for PC or WON in a pancreatitis tertiary referral center. Analysis revealed that both bacterial and fungal infections occurred more frequently in patients treated with LAMS with or without DPPS compared to DPPS only. The use of antibiotics and antimycotics followed the same pattern. Furthermore, a prolonged length of hospital stay and a higher likelihood of transfer to an intermediate care unit were observed in patients with LAMS with or without DPPS. These differences were eliminated if only WON patients were analyzed. Our data imply that the clinical course is primarily influenced by the complexity of the pancreatic fluid collection (PFC) itself rather than the stent type. Prospective large-scale cohort studies are mandatory to underpin these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Hentschel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinic of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (V.H.); (B.W.); (N.H.); (F.A.); (T.S.); (M.W.); (M.M.)
- Interdisciplinary Endoscopy Unit, University Hospital of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Benjamin Walter
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinic of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (V.H.); (B.W.); (N.H.); (F.A.); (T.S.); (M.W.); (M.M.)
- Interdisciplinary Endoscopy Unit, University Hospital of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Noemi Harder
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinic of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (V.H.); (B.W.); (N.H.); (F.A.); (T.S.); (M.W.); (M.M.)
| | - Frank Arnold
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinic of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (V.H.); (B.W.); (N.H.); (F.A.); (T.S.); (M.W.); (M.M.)
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinic of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (V.H.); (B.W.); (N.H.); (F.A.); (T.S.); (M.W.); (M.M.)
- Interdisciplinary Endoscopy Unit, University Hospital of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Wagner
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinic of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (V.H.); (B.W.); (N.H.); (F.A.); (T.S.); (M.W.); (M.M.)
- Interdisciplinary Endoscopy Unit, University Hospital of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Müller
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinic of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (V.H.); (B.W.); (N.H.); (F.A.); (T.S.); (M.W.); (M.M.)
- Interdisciplinary Endoscopy Unit, University Hospital of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinic of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (V.H.); (B.W.); (N.H.); (F.A.); (T.S.); (M.W.); (M.M.)
- Interdisciplinary Endoscopy Unit, University Hospital of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-731-5000
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31
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Walldorf J, Porzner M, Neumann M, Joodi G, Niess JH, von Boyen G, Mäder K, Weissbach J, Kleger A, Seufferlein T. The Selective 5-HT1A Agonist SR57746A Protects Intestinal Epithelial Cells and Enteric Glia Cells and Promotes Mucosal Recovery in Experimental Colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2022; 28:423-433. [PMID: 34417821 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izab191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurotrophic growth factors can stabilize the intestinal barrier by preventing the apoptosis of enteric glial cells (EGCs) and enterocytes. We reasoned that a selective 5-HT1A receptor agonist may have neuroprotective properties in the gut and that topical application of SR57746A might be an effective treatment strategy in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS The therapeutic potential of 5-HT1A receptor agonist SR57746A in IBD was evaluated in vitro (nontransformed NCM460 colonic epithelial cells, SW480 colorectal carcinoma cells) and in vivo (murine dextran sulfate sodium [DSS] colitis and CD4-T-cell transfer colitis). In vitro, we analyzed the effect of SR57746A on apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and EGCs, and upon proliferation, migration, and intracellular signaling in IECs. In vivo, the effect of topical application of SR57746 on disease activity and on histological and endoscopic findings was compared with intraperitoneal infliximab and placebo, respectively. RESULTS The SR57746A activates PI3-K/AKT- and ERK-signaling in IECs. Depending on ERK- and AKT activation, SR57746A potently prevents apoptosis of IECs without inducing proliferation or migration in these cells. Moreover, SR57746A prevented apoptosis in EGCs in vitro. Topical SR57746A treatment significantly reduced mucosal injury in 2 experimental murine colitis models and was as effective as intraperitoneal infliximab treatment. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with SR57746A prevents inflammatory cell damage and apoptosis in IECs and EGCs, similar to the neurotrophic effects of EGCs on IECs. Topical treatment with SR57746A could be a candidate for clinical evaluation in the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Walldorf
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | - Martin Neumann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Golsa Joodi
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Halle (Saale), Germany.,Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jan Hendrik Niess
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, St. Clara Hospital and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Georg von Boyen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital of Sigmaringen, Germany
| | - Karsten Mäder
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Julia Weissbach
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Kleger A, Ellenrieder V, Friess H, Michl P, Schneider M, Yang Y, Kornmann M. Discussion: Current Multimodality Treatment Options in Pancreatic Cancer in Clinical Practice - What Is the Future Impact of Molecular Biological Profiling? Visc Med 2022; 38:49-55. [PMID: 35295897 PMCID: PMC8874242 DOI: 10.1159/000521847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kleger
- Clinic of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Volker Ellenrieder
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, Medical University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Helmut Friess
- Clinic of Surgery, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, TU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Patrick Michl
- Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Halle (Saale), Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Martin Schneider
- Clinic of Gereral, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yinmo Yang
- Department of Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Marko Kornmann
- Clinic of General and Visceral Surgery, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany,*Marko Kornmann,
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33
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Kornmann M, Kleger A. Pancreatic Cancer: Current Multimodality Treatment Options and the Future Impact of Molecular Biological Profiling. Visc Med 2022; 38:1-3. [DOI: 10.1159/000521419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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34
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Gout J, Roger E, Kleger A, Perkhofer L. A Methodological Workflow to Analyze Synthetic Lethality and Drug Synergism in Cancer Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2535:59-72. [PMID: 35867222 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2513-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Current concepts in treating cancer usually neglect individual tumor characteristics such as a given mutational make up. Consequently, a "one-size-fits-all" therapeutic concept may commonly fail in terms of efficacy, evolving drug resistance, and side effects. In times of omics, novel elaborated and personalized approaches emerge for efficiently eradicate cancer cells, while sparing healthy cells. Synthetic lethality-based strategies offer promising opportunities to exploit tumor-specific vulnerabilities and improve tolerability. Furthermore, taking advantage of putative synergistic interaction between synthetic lethal drugs specifically targeting a given tumor genotype, could further enhance efficacy and tolerability, thus preventing drug resistance. Mechanisms of drug resistance in cancers are manifold but critical to assess, in view of restoring drug sensibility. In this chapter, we provide a framework to investigate synthetic lethality and synergistic interactions, as well as drug resistance in cancer cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Gout
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Elodie Roger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Lukas Perkhofer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
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35
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Breunig M, Merkle J, Melzer MK, Heller S, Seufferlein T, Meier M, Hohwieler M, Kleger A. Differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into pancreatic duct-like organoids. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100913. [PMID: 34917972 PMCID: PMC8669107 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The recapitulation of human developmental processes and pathological manifestations requires access to specific cell types and precursor stages during embryogenesis and disease. Here, we describe a scalable in vitro differentiation protocol to guide human pluripotent stem cells stepwise into pancreatic duct-like organoids. The protocol mimics pancreatic duct development and was successfully used to model the onset and progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; the approach is suitable for multiple downstream applications. However, the protocol is cost- and time-intensive. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Breunig et al. (2021). Step-by step protocol to generate pancreatic duct-like organoids (PDLOs) from hPSCs Recovery, processing, and splitting of the 3D Matrigel organoid culture In vitro differentiation mimics pancreatic duct development Successfully used to model the onset and progression of pancreatic cancer
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Breunig
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jessica Merkle
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Karl Melzer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany.,Department of Urology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sandra Heller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Matthias Meier
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 München, Germany
| | - Meike Hohwieler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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36
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Zech F, Schniertshauer D, Jung C, Herrmann A, Cordsmeier A, Xie Q, Nchioua R, Prelli Bozzo C, Volcic M, Koepke L, Müller JA, Krüger J, Heller S, Stenger S, Hoffmann M, Pöhlmann S, Kleger A, Jacob T, Conzelmann KK, Ensser A, Sparrer KMJ, Kirchhoff F. Spike residue 403 affects binding of coronavirus spikes to human ACE2. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6855. [PMID: 34824253 PMCID: PMC8617078 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27180-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The bat sarbecovirus RaTG13 is a close relative of SARS-CoV-2, the cause of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, this bat virus was most likely unable to directly infect humans since its Spike (S) protein does not interact efficiently with the human ACE2 receptor. Here, we show that a single T403R mutation increases binding of RaTG13 S to human ACE2 and allows VSV pseudoparticle infection of human lung cells and intestinal organoids. Conversely, mutation of R403T in the SARS-CoV-2 S reduces pseudoparticle infection and viral replication. The T403R RaTG13 S is neutralized by sera from individuals vaccinated against COVID-19 indicating that vaccination might protect against future zoonoses. Our data suggest that a positively charged amino acid at position 403 in the S protein is critical for efficient utilization of human ACE2 by S proteins of bat coronaviruses. This finding could help to better predict the zoonotic potential of animal coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Zech
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Jung
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtz-Straße 16, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alexandra Herrmann
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arne Cordsmeier
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Qinya Xie
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rayhane Nchioua
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Meta Volcic
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lennart Koepke
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Janis A Müller
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jana Krüger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sandra Heller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Steffen Stenger
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Ulm University Medical Centre, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Hoffmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center-Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Pöhlmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center-Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtz-Straße 16, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Karl-Klaus Conzelmann
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, and Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Armin Ensser
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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37
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Heller S, Li Z, Lin Q, Geusz R, Breunig M, Hohwieler M, Zhang X, Nair GG, Seufferlein T, Hebrok M, Sander M, Julier C, Kleger A, Costa IG. Transcriptional changes and the role of ONECUT1 in hPSC pancreatic differentiation. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1298. [PMID: 34789845 PMCID: PMC8599846 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02818-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell type specification during pancreatic development is tightly controlled by a transcriptional and epigenetic network. The precise role of most transcription factors, however, has been only described in mice. To convey such concepts to human pancreatic development, alternative model systems such as pancreatic in vitro differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells can be employed. Here, we analyzed stage-specific RNA-, ChIP-, and ATAC-sequencing data to dissect transcriptional and regulatory mechanisms during pancreatic development. Transcriptome and open chromatin maps of pancreatic differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells provide a stage-specific pattern of known pancreatic transcription factors and indicate ONECUT1 as a crucial fate regulator in pancreas progenitors. Moreover, our data suggest that ONECUT1 is also involved in preparing pancreatic progenitors for later endocrine specification. The dissection of the transcriptional and regulatory circuitry revealed an important role for ONECUT1 within such network and will serve as resource to study human development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Heller
- grid.410712.1Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Zhijian Li
- grid.1957.a0000 0001 0728 696XInstitute for Computational Genomics, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Qiong Lin
- grid.420044.60000 0004 0374 4101Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bioinformatics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ryan Geusz
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Pediatric Diabetes Research Center (PDRC) at the University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Markus Breunig
- grid.410712.1Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Meike Hohwieler
- grid.410712.1Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Xi Zhang
- grid.410712.1Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gopika G. Nair
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Diabetes Center at the University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- grid.410712.1Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Matthias Hebrok
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Diabetes Center at the University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Maike Sander
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Pediatric Diabetes Research Center (PDRC) at the University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Cécile Julier
- grid.4444.00000 0001 2112 9282Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR-8104, Paris, France
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Ivan G. Costa
- grid.1957.a0000 0001 0728 696XInstitute for Computational Genomics, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
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38
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Arnold F, Kleger A. [Model systems in gastroenterological research : From animal models to human organoids to the clinic]. Pathologe 2021; 42:149-154. [PMID: 34623464 PMCID: PMC8498756 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-021-00996-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, various models have been established within gastroenterological research that have significantly contributed to a better understanding of the (patho)physiological processes of various gastrointestinal (GI) diseases (inflammation, organ injuries, carcinomas). This review will focus on such models including genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs), xenografts, and organoid-based culture systems. GEMMs laid the foundation for successful modeling of such diseases. These have the decisive advantage that diseases can be assessed in their physiological environment and thus allow the examination of cell-cell communications of various cell types (epithelium, fibroblast, immune cells). However, the discrepancy between the genetic background of mice and humans reflected a pivotal disadvantage that could at least partially be circumvented by transplanting human cells into immunocompromised host animals. The time-consuming and labor-intensive generation of such xenograft models, however, considerably limits their usefulness for timely preclinical drug screenings. Thus, novel organoid-based human cell culture systems from adult stem cells or pluripotent stem cells are a promising human tool for modeling GI diseases. The first results already show their usefulness in the regulation of adult tissue homeostasis, regeneration, and tumor development. In addition, this system can be easily established in clinical diagnostics and thus enables real-time ex vivo pharmacotyping to develop personalized therapy strategies, particularly for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Arnold
- Abteilung für Innere Medizin I, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Deutschland
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Abteilung für Innere Medizin I, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Deutschland.
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39
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Achberger K, Cipriano M, Düchs MJ, Schön C, Michelfelder S, Stierstorfer B, Lamla T, Kauschke SG, Chuchuy J, Roosz J, Mesch L, Cora V, Pars S, Pashkovskaia N, Corti S, Hartmann SM, Kleger A, Kreuz S, Maier U, Liebau S, Loskill P. Human stem cell-based retina on chip as new translational model for validation of AAV retinal gene therapy vectors. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:2242-2256. [PMID: 34525384 PMCID: PMC8452599 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene therapies using adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are among the most promising strategies to treat or even cure hereditary and acquired retinal diseases. However, the development of new efficient AAV vectors is slow and costly, largely because of the lack of suitable non-clinical models. By faithfully recreating structure and function of human tissues, human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived retinal organoids could become an essential part of the test cascade addressing translational aspects. Organ-on-chip (OoC) technology further provides the capability to recapitulate microphysiological tissue environments as well as a precise control over structural and temporal parameters. By employing our recently developed retina on chip that merges organoid and OoC technology, we analyzed the efficacy, kinetics, and cell tropism of seven first- and second-generation AAV vectors. The presented data demonstrate the potential of iPSC-based OoC models as the next generation of screening platforms for future gene therapeutic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Achberger
- Institute of Neuroanatomy & Developmental Biology (INDB), Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Madalena Cipriano
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias J Düchs
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Christian Schön
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | | | | | - Thorsten Lamla
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Stefan G Kauschke
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Johanna Chuchuy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julia Roosz
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Lena Mesch
- Institute of Neuroanatomy & Developmental Biology (INDB), Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Virginia Cora
- Institute of Neuroanatomy & Developmental Biology (INDB), Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Selin Pars
- Institute of Neuroanatomy & Developmental Biology (INDB), Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Natalia Pashkovskaia
- Institute of Neuroanatomy & Developmental Biology (INDB), Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Serena Corti
- Institute of Neuroanatomy & Developmental Biology (INDB), Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sophia-Marie Hartmann
- Institute of Neuroanatomy & Developmental Biology (INDB), Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kreuz
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Udo Maier
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Stefan Liebau
- Institute of Neuroanatomy & Developmental Biology (INDB), Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Loskill
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany; 3R-Center for In vitro Models and Alternatives to Animal Testing, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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40
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Stifter K, Krieger J, Ruths L, Gout J, Mulaw M, Lechel A, Kleger A, Seufferlein T, Wagner M, Schirmbeck R. IFN-γ treatment protocol for MHC-I lo/PD-L1 + pancreatic tumor cells selectively restores their TAP-mediated presentation competence and CD8 T-cell priming potential. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2020-000692. [PMID: 32868392 PMCID: PMC7462314 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-000692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many cancer cells express a major histocompatibility complex class I low/ programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 positive (MHC-Ilo/PD-L1+) cell surface profile. For immunotherapy, there is, thus, an urgent need to restore presentation competence of cancer cells with defects in MHC-I processing/presentation combined with immune interventions that tackle the tumor-initiated PD-L1/PD-1 signaling axis. Using pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells (PDACCs) as a model, we here explored if (and how) expression/processing of tumor antigens via transporters associated with antigen processing (TAP) affects priming of CD8 T cells in PD-1/PD-L1-competent/-deficient mice. Methods We generated tumor antigen-expressing vectors, immunized TAP-competent/-deficient mice and determined de novo primed CD8 T-cell frequencies by flow cytometry. Similarly, we explored the antigenicity and PD-L1/PD-1 sensitivity of PDACCs versus interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-treated PDACCs in PD-1/PD-L1-competent/deficient mice. The IFN-γ-induced effects on gene and cell surface expression profiles were determined by microarrays and flow cytometry. Results We identified two antigens (cripto-1 and an endogenous leukemia virus-derived gp70) that were expressed in the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) of PDACCs and induced CD8 T-cell responses either independent (Cripto-1:Kb/Cr16-24) or dependent (gp70:Kb/p15E) on TAP by DNA immunization. IFN-γ-treatment of PDACCs in vitro upregulated MHC-I- and TAP- but also PD-L1-expression. Mechanistically, PD-L1/PD-1 signaling was superior to the reconstitution of MHC-I presentation competence, as subcutaneously transplanted IFN-γ-treated PDACCs developed tumors in C57BL/6J and PD-L1-/- but not in PD-1-/- mice. Using PDACCs, irradiated at day 3 post-IFN-γ-treatment or PD-L1 knockout PDACCs as vaccines, we could selectively bypass upregulation of PD-L1, preferentially induce TAP-dependent gp70:Kb/p15E-specific CD8 T cells associated with a weakened PD-1+ exhaustion phenotype and reject consecutively injected tumor transplants in C57BL/6J mice. Conclusions The IFN-γ-treatment protocol is attractive for cell-based immunotherapies, because it restores TAP-dependent antigen processing in cancer cells, facilitates priming of TAP-dependent effector CD8 T-cell responses without additional check point inhibitors and could be combined with genetic vaccines that complement priming of TAP-independent CD8 T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Stifter
- Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jana Krieger
- Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Leonie Ruths
- Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Johann Gout
- Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Medhanie Mulaw
- Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andre Lechel
- Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Martin Wagner
- Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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41
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Perkhofer L, Golan T, Cuyle PJ, Matysiak-Budnik T, Van Laethem JL, Macarulla T, Cauchin E, Kleger A, Beutel AK, Gout J, Stenzinger A, Van Cutsem E, Bellmunt J, Hammel P, O’Reilly EM, Seufferlein T. Targeting DNA Damage Repair Mechanisms in Pancreas Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4259. [PMID: 34503069 PMCID: PMC8428219 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired DNA damage repair (DDR) is increasingly recognised as a hallmark in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). It is estimated that around 14% of human PDACs harbour mutations in genes involved in DDR, including, amongst others, BRCA1/2, PALB2, ATM, MSH2, MSH6 and MLH1. Recently, DDR intervention by PARP inhibitor therapy has demonstrated effectiveness in germline BRCA1/2-mutated PDAC. Extending this outcome to the significant proportion of human PDACs with somatic or germline mutations in DDR genes beyond BRCA1/2 might be beneficial, but there is a lack of data, and consequently, no clear recommendations are provided in the field. Therefore, an expert panel was invited by the European Society of Digestive Oncology (ESDO) to assess the current knowledge and significance of DDR as a target in PDAC treatment. The aim of this virtual, international expert meeting was to elaborate a set of consensus recommendations on testing, diagnosis and treatment of PDAC patients with alterations in DDR pathways. Ahead of the meeting, experts completed a 27-question survey evaluating the key issues. The final recommendations herein should aid in facilitating clinical practice decisions on the management of DDR-deficient PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Perkhofer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (L.P.); (A.K.); (A.K.B.); (J.G.)
| | - Talia Golan
- Oncology Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 52621, Israel;
| | - Pieter-Jan Cuyle
- Digestive Oncology Department, Imelda General Hospital, 2820 Bonheiden, Belgium;
- University Hospitals Gasthuisberg Leuven and KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Tamara Matysiak-Budnik
- IMAD, Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology, Hôtel Dieu, CHU de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France; (T.M.-B.); (E.C.)
| | - Jean-Luc Van Laethem
- GI Cancer Unit, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Teresa Macarulla
- Vall d’Hebrón University Hospital and Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Estelle Cauchin
- IMAD, Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology, Hôtel Dieu, CHU de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France; (T.M.-B.); (E.C.)
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (L.P.); (A.K.); (A.K.B.); (J.G.)
| | - Alica K. Beutel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (L.P.); (A.K.); (A.K.B.); (J.G.)
| | - Johann Gout
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (L.P.); (A.K.); (A.K.B.); (J.G.)
| | - Albrecht Stenzinger
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Eric Van Cutsem
- University Hospitals Gasthuisberg Leuven and KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Joaquim Bellmunt
- Medical Oncology, University Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Eileen M. O’Reilly
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
- Department of Medicine, David M. Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (L.P.); (A.K.); (A.K.B.); (J.G.)
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42
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Perkhofer L, Besold T, Schmidberger J, Seufferlein T, Hann A, Müller M, Kleger A. Etiology and Morphology Impact on the Clinical Course of Chronic Pancreatitis. Digestion 2021; 102:462-468. [PMID: 32045930 DOI: 10.1159/000505646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Symptoms caused by chronic pancreatitis (CP) are common but often elusive hampering therapeutic decisions. Though correlations of morphologic findings in imaging and clinical appearance remain vague. We aimed in investigating whether a distinct combination of clinical parameters can better define the extent of pancreatic insufficiency and disease burden. METHODS Data from 350 CP patients were evaluated retrospectively from a single center data base following predefined criteria: (i) confirmed CP, (ii) endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) plus (iii) fecal elastase-1 testing, (iv) age ≥18 years, and (v) Cambridge Score ≥1 on EUS evaluation. RESULTS In total, 182 patients (137 male, 45 female) fulfilled criteria. Median age was 52 years (range 19-88 years). Etiology distributed as follows: idiopathic 50%, alcohol 42.3%, autoimmune 7.7%. Totally, 56.6% of patients suffered from chronic pain that was significantly associated with male sex and younger age. Stool elastase-1 activity discriminated exocrine pancreatic function in Cambridge IV significantly better than in lower stages. Similarly, the endocrine function was significantly more reduced in Cambridge IV CP. Multinominal regression analysis revealed (i) presence of diabetes, (ii) presence of complications, and (iii) extent of Cambridge score as main determinants for exocrine impairment. CONCLUSION A high disease burden is linked to extensive morphological alterations in EUS, while pain is more frequent in younger and male patients. The etiology of CP predicts the course of disease in terms of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Perkhofer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Theresa Besold
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Alexander Hann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany,
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43
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Wiedenmann S, Breunig M, Merkle J, von Toerne C, Georgiev T, Moussus M, Schulte L, Seufferlein T, Sterr M, Lickert H, Weissinger SE, Möller P, Hauck SM, Hohwieler M, Kleger A, Meier M. Single-cell-resolved differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells into pancreatic duct-like organoids on a microwell chip. Nat Biomed Eng 2021; 5:897-913. [PMID: 34239116 PMCID: PMC7611572 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-021-00757-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Creating in vitro models of diseases of the pancreatic ductal compartment requires a comprehensive understanding of the developmental trajectories of pancreas-specific cell types. Here we report the single-cell characterization of the differentiation of pancreatic duct-like organoids (PDLOs) from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) on a microwell chip that facilitates the uniform aggregation and chemical induction of hiPSC-derived pancreatic progenitors. Using time-resolved single-cell transcriptional profiling and immunofluorescence imaging of the forming PDLOs, we identified differentiation routes from pancreatic progenitors through ductal intermediates to two types of mature duct-like cells and a few non-ductal cell types. PDLO subpopulations expressed either mucins or the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, and resembled human adult duct cells. We also used the chip to uncover ductal markers relevant to pancreatic carcinogenesis, and to establish PDLO co-cultures with stellate cells, which allowed for the study of epithelial-mesenchymal signalling. The PDLO microsystem could be used to establish patient-specific pancreatic duct models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Wiedenmann
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstaedter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Markus Breunig
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jessica Merkle
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Christine von Toerne
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Heidemannstraße 1, 80939 Müunich, Germany
| | - Tihomir Georgiev
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstaedter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michel Moussus
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstaedter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lucas Schulte
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Sterr
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstaedter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstaedter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstaedter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstaedter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany,Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstaedter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany,Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Peter Möller
- Institute for Pathology, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefanie M. Hauck
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Heidemannstraße 1, 80939 Müunich, Germany
| | - Meike Hohwieler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany,Corresponding authors: ; ;
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany,Corresponding authors: ; ;
| | - Matthias Meier
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstaedter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany,Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 Munich, Germany,Corresponding authors: ; ;
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44
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Hentschel V, Groß R, Krüger J, Münch J, Müller M, Kleger A. [SARS-CoV-2 and the digestive tract - Organoids to model gastrointestinal infection]. Z Gastroenterol 2021; 59:1205-1213. [PMID: 34311478 DOI: 10.1055/a-1500-8420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a novel human pathogenic coronavirus whose predilection for the respiratory tract has given rise to a rapid pandemic spread via airborne particles. Organ-specific susceptibility is substantially determined by the density of cell surface expression of ACE2, which is exploited by viral spike protein as a receptor molecule to mediate adhesion and, thus, to permit internalization of the viral genome into the host cell. Based on an ample data set derived from clinical studies and case reports, evidence suggests that distinct cell populations of the digestive and olfactory-gustatory system are equally equipped with membrane-bound ACE2, rendering them "vulnerable" to SARS-CoV-2. Numerous reports on concomitant gastrointestinal complaints and laboratory abnormalities are thought to reflect a relevant degree of organ dysfunction and underscore the tropism of SARS-CoV-2 for the digestive tract. Organoids are three-dimensional in vitro replicas of organ tissue which, owing to their organotypic complex cellular composition and functional resemblance to primary cells, are particularly appreciated for basic research in the field of infectious diseases. This review specifically addresses the involvement of digestive organs by SARS-CoV-2 and outlines the significant contribution of organoid- and primary-cell culture-based models to gaining a deeper understanding of the underlying pathophysiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rüdiger Groß
- Institut für molekulare Virologie, Universitätsklinik Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jana Krüger
- Klinik für Innere Medizin I, Universitätsklinik Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jan Münch
- Institut für molekulare Virologie, Universitätsklinik Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Müller
- Klinik für Innere Medizin I, Universitätsklinik Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Klinik für Innere Medizin I, Universitätsklinik Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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45
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Arnold F, Mahaddalkar PU, Kraus JM, Zhong X, Bergmann W, Srinivasan D, Gout J, Roger E, Beutel AK, Zizer E, Tharehalli U, Daiss N, Russell R, Perkhofer L, Oellinger R, Lin Q, Azoitei N, Weiss F, Lerch MM, Liebau S, Katz S, Lechel A, Rad R, Seufferlein T, Kestler HA, Ott M, Sharma AD, Hermann PC, Kleger A. Functional Genomic Screening During Somatic Cell Reprogramming Identifies DKK3 as a Roadblock of Organ Regeneration. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2021; 8:2100626. [PMID: 34306986 PMCID: PMC8292873 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Somatic cell reprogramming and tissue repair share relevant factors and molecular programs. Here, Dickkopf-3 (DKK3) is identified as novel factor for organ regeneration using combined transcription-factor-induced reprogramming and RNA-interference techniques. Loss of Dkk3 enhances the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells but does not affect de novo derivation of embryonic stem cells, three-germ-layer differentiation or colony formation capacity of liver and pancreatic organoids. However, DKK3 expression levels in wildtype animals and serum levels in human patients are elevated upon injury. Accordingly, Dkk3-null mice display less liver damage upon acute and chronic failure mediated by increased proliferation in hepatocytes and LGR5+ liver progenitor cell population, respectively. Similarly, recovery from experimental pancreatitis is accelerated. Regeneration onset occurs in the acinar compartment accompanied by virtually abolished canonical-Wnt-signaling in Dkk3-null animals. This results in reduced expression of the Hedgehog repressor Gli3 and increased Hedgehog-signaling activity upon Dkk3 loss. Collectively, these data reveal Dkk3 as a key regulator of organ regeneration via a direct, previously unacknowledged link between DKK3, canonical-Wnt-, and Hedgehog-signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Arnold
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital UlmAlbert‐Einstein Allee 2389081 UlmGermany
| | - Pallavi U Mahaddalkar
- Institute for Diabetes and RegenerationHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenIngolstädter Landstraße 185764 NeuherbergGermany
| | - Johann M. Kraus
- Institute of Medical Systems BiologyUlm UniversityAlbert‐Einstein Allee 1189081 UlmGermany
| | - Xiaowei Zhong
- Department of GastroenterologyHepatology and EndocrinologyHannover Medical SchoolFeodor‐Lynen‐Str. 730625 HannoverGermany
| | - Wendy Bergmann
- Core Facility for Cell Sorting and Cell AnalysisUniversity Medical Center RostockSchillingallee 7018057 RostockGermany
| | - Dharini Srinivasan
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital UlmAlbert‐Einstein Allee 2389081 UlmGermany
| | - Johann Gout
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital UlmAlbert‐Einstein Allee 2389081 UlmGermany
| | - Elodie Roger
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital UlmAlbert‐Einstein Allee 2389081 UlmGermany
| | - Alica K. Beutel
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital UlmAlbert‐Einstein Allee 2389081 UlmGermany
| | - Eugen Zizer
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital UlmAlbert‐Einstein Allee 2389081 UlmGermany
| | - Umesh Tharehalli
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital UlmAlbert‐Einstein Allee 2389081 UlmGermany
| | - Nora Daiss
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital UlmAlbert‐Einstein Allee 2389081 UlmGermany
| | - Ronan Russell
- Diabetes CenterUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA94143USA
| | - Lukas Perkhofer
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital UlmAlbert‐Einstein Allee 2389081 UlmGermany
| | - Rupert Oellinger
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional GenomicsTranslaTUM Cancer CenterTechnical University of MunichIsmaninger Str. 2281675 MunichGermany
| | - Qiong Lin
- Bayer AG Research & DevelopmentPharmaceuticalsMüllerstraße 17813353 BerlinGermany
| | - Ninel Azoitei
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital UlmAlbert‐Einstein Allee 2389081 UlmGermany
| | - Frank‐Ulrich Weiss
- Department of Medicine AUniversity Medicine GreifswaldFerdinand‐Sauerbruch‐Straße17475 GreifswaldGermany
| | - Markus M. Lerch
- Department of Medicine AUniversity Medicine GreifswaldFerdinand‐Sauerbruch‐Straße17475 GreifswaldGermany
- Klinikum der Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München‐GroßhadernMarchioninistraße 1581377 MünchenGermany
| | - Stefan Liebau
- Institute of Neuroanatomy & Developmental Biology INDBEberhard Karls University TübingenÖsterbergstr. 372074 TübingenGermany
| | - Sarah‐Fee Katz
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital UlmAlbert‐Einstein Allee 2389081 UlmGermany
| | - André Lechel
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital UlmAlbert‐Einstein Allee 2389081 UlmGermany
| | - Roland Rad
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional GenomicsTranslaTUM Cancer CenterTechnical University of MunichIsmaninger Str. 2281675 MunichGermany
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital UlmAlbert‐Einstein Allee 2389081 UlmGermany
| | - Hans A. Kestler
- Institute of Medical Systems BiologyUlm UniversityAlbert‐Einstein Allee 1189081 UlmGermany
| | - Michael Ott
- Department of GastroenterologyHepatology and EndocrinologyHannover Medical SchoolFeodor‐Lynen‐Str. 730625 HannoverGermany
| | - Amar Deep Sharma
- Department of GastroenterologyHepatology and EndocrinologyHannover Medical SchoolFeodor‐Lynen‐Str. 730625 HannoverGermany
| | - Patrick C. Hermann
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital UlmAlbert‐Einstein Allee 2389081 UlmGermany
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital UlmAlbert‐Einstein Allee 2389081 UlmGermany
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Walter K, Rodriguez-Aznar E, Ferreira MSV, Frappart PO, Dittrich T, Tiwary K, Meessen S, Lerma L, Daiss N, Schulte LA, Najafova Z, Arnold F, Usachov V, Azoitei N, Erkan M, Lechel A, Brümmendorf TH, Seufferlein T, Kleger A, Tabarés E, Günes C, Johnsen SA, Beier F, Sainz B, Hermann PC. Telomerase and Pluripotency Factors Jointly Regulate Stemness in Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133145. [PMID: 34201898 PMCID: PMC8268125 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess the role of telomerase activity and telomere length in pancreatic CSCs we used different CSC enrichment methods (CD133, ALDH, sphere formation) in primary patient-derived pancreatic cancer cells. We show that CSCs have higher telomerase activity and longer telomeres than bulk tumor cells. Inhibition of telomerase activity, using genetic knockdown or pharmacological inhibitor (BIBR1532), resulted in CSC marker depletion, abrogation of sphere formation in vitro and reduced tumorigenicity in vivo. Furthermore, we identify a positive feedback loop between stemness factors (NANOG, OCT3/4, SOX2, KLF4) and telomerase, which is essential for the self-renewal of CSCs. Disruption of the balance between telomerase activity and stemness factors eliminates CSCs via induction of DNA damage and apoptosis in primary patient-derived pancreatic cancer samples, opening future perspectives to avoid CSC-driven tumor relapse. In the present study, we demonstrate that telomerase regulation is critical for the "stemness" maintenance in pancreatic CSCs and examine the effects of telomerase inhibition as a potential treatment option of pancreatic cancer. This may significantly promote our understanding of PDAC tumor biology and may result in improved treatment for pancreatic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolin Walter
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (K.W.); (E.R.-A.); (P.-O.F.); (T.D.); (K.T.); (N.D.); (L.-A.S.); (F.A.); (V.U.); (N.A.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Eva Rodriguez-Aznar
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (K.W.); (E.R.-A.); (P.-O.F.); (T.D.); (K.T.); (N.D.); (L.-A.S.); (F.A.); (V.U.); (N.A.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Monica S. Ventura Ferreira
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, 52062 Aachen, Germany; (M.S.V.F.); (T.H.B.); (F.B.)
| | - Pierre-Olivier Frappart
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (K.W.); (E.R.-A.); (P.-O.F.); (T.D.); (K.T.); (N.D.); (L.-A.S.); (F.A.); (V.U.); (N.A.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.K.)
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tabea Dittrich
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (K.W.); (E.R.-A.); (P.-O.F.); (T.D.); (K.T.); (N.D.); (L.-A.S.); (F.A.); (V.U.); (N.A.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Kanishka Tiwary
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (K.W.); (E.R.-A.); (P.-O.F.); (T.D.); (K.T.); (N.D.); (L.-A.S.); (F.A.); (V.U.); (N.A.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Sabine Meessen
- Department of Urology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (S.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Laura Lerma
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (L.L.); (E.T.)
| | - Nora Daiss
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (K.W.); (E.R.-A.); (P.-O.F.); (T.D.); (K.T.); (N.D.); (L.-A.S.); (F.A.); (V.U.); (N.A.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Lucas-Alexander Schulte
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (K.W.); (E.R.-A.); (P.-O.F.); (T.D.); (K.T.); (N.D.); (L.-A.S.); (F.A.); (V.U.); (N.A.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Zeynab Najafova
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Frank Arnold
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (K.W.); (E.R.-A.); (P.-O.F.); (T.D.); (K.T.); (N.D.); (L.-A.S.); (F.A.); (V.U.); (N.A.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Valentyn Usachov
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (K.W.); (E.R.-A.); (P.-O.F.); (T.D.); (K.T.); (N.D.); (L.-A.S.); (F.A.); (V.U.); (N.A.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Ninel Azoitei
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (K.W.); (E.R.-A.); (P.-O.F.); (T.D.); (K.T.); (N.D.); (L.-A.S.); (F.A.); (V.U.); (N.A.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Mert Erkan
- Department of Surgery, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34450, Turkey;
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Andre Lechel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (K.W.); (E.R.-A.); (P.-O.F.); (T.D.); (K.T.); (N.D.); (L.-A.S.); (F.A.); (V.U.); (N.A.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Tim H. Brümmendorf
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, 52062 Aachen, Germany; (M.S.V.F.); (T.H.B.); (F.B.)
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (K.W.); (E.R.-A.); (P.-O.F.); (T.D.); (K.T.); (N.D.); (L.-A.S.); (F.A.); (V.U.); (N.A.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (K.W.); (E.R.-A.); (P.-O.F.); (T.D.); (K.T.); (N.D.); (L.-A.S.); (F.A.); (V.U.); (N.A.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Enrique Tabarés
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (L.L.); (E.T.)
| | - Cagatay Günes
- Department of Urology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (S.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Steven A. Johnsen
- Gene Regulatory Mechanisms and Molecular Epigenetics Lab, Gastroenterology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | - Fabian Beier
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, 52062 Aachen, Germany; (M.S.V.F.); (T.H.B.); (F.B.)
| | - Bruno Sainz
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Chronic Diseases and Cancer, Area 3—Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patrick C. Hermann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Centre Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (K.W.); (E.R.-A.); (P.-O.F.); (T.D.); (K.T.); (N.D.); (L.-A.S.); (F.A.); (V.U.); (N.A.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-731-500-44736
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47
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Chiou J, Geusz RJ, Okino ML, Han JY, Miller M, Melton R, Beebe E, Benaglio P, Huang S, Korgaonkar K, Heller S, Kleger A, Preissl S, Gorkin DU, Sander M, Gaulton KJ. Interpreting type 1 diabetes risk with genetics and single-cell epigenomics. Nature 2021; 594:398-402. [PMID: 34012112 PMCID: PMC10560508 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03552-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Genetic risk variants that have been identified in genome-wide association studies of complex diseases are primarily non-coding1. Translating these risk variants into mechanistic insights requires detailed maps of gene regulation in disease-relevant cell types2. Here we combined two approaches: a genome-wide association study of type 1 diabetes (T1D) using 520,580 samples, and the identification of candidate cis-regulatory elements (cCREs) in pancreas and peripheral blood mononuclear cells using single-nucleus assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing (snATAC-seq) of 131,554 nuclei. Risk variants for T1D were enriched in cCREs that were active in T cells and other cell types, including acinar and ductal cells of the exocrine pancreas. Risk variants at multiple T1D signals overlapped with exocrine-specific cCREs that were linked to genes with exocrine-specific expression. At the CFTR locus, the T1D risk variant rs7795896 mapped to a ductal-specific cCRE that regulated CFTR; the risk allele reduced transcription factor binding, enhancer activity and CFTR expression in ductal cells. These findings support a role for the exocrine pancreas in the pathogenesis of T1D and highlight the power of large-scale genome-wide association studies and single-cell epigenomics for understanding the cellular origins of complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Chiou
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Ryan J Geusz
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mei-Lin Okino
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jee Yun Han
- Center for Epigenomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael Miller
- Center for Epigenomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Melton
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Elisha Beebe
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Paola Benaglio
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Serina Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Katha Korgaonkar
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sandra Heller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Preissl
- Center for Epigenomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - David U Gorkin
- Center for Epigenomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Maike Sander
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kyle J Gaulton
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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48
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Hafner S, Seufferlein T, Kleger A, Müller M. Aseptic Liver Abscesses as an Exceptional Finding in Cogan's Syndrome. Hepatology 2021; 73:2067-2070. [PMID: 32916761 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Hafner
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products & Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Martin Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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49
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Hoffmann M, Arora P, Groß R, Seidel A, Hörnich BF, Hahn AS, Krüger N, Graichen L, Hofmann-Winkler H, Kempf A, Winkler MS, Schulz S, Jäck HM, Jahrsdörfer B, Schrezenmeier H, Müller M, Kleger A, Münch J, Pöhlmann S. SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.351 and P.1 escape from neutralizing antibodies. Cell 2021; 184:2384-2393.e12. [PMID: 33794143 PMCID: PMC7980144 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 644] [Impact Index Per Article: 214.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The global spread of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 is devastating health systems and economies worldwide. Recombinant or vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies are used to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the recently emerged SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.1.7 (UK), B.1.351 (South Africa), and P.1 (Brazil) harbor mutations in the viral spike (S) protein that may alter virus-host cell interactions and confer resistance to inhibitors and antibodies. Here, using pseudoparticles, we show that entry of all variants into human cells is susceptible to blockade by the entry inhibitors soluble ACE2, Camostat, EK-1, and EK-1-C4. In contrast, entry of the B.1.351 and P.1 variant was partially (Casirivimab) or fully (Bamlanivimab) resistant to antibodies used for COVID-19 treatment. Moreover, entry of these variants was less efficiently inhibited by plasma from convalescent COVID-19 patients and sera from BNT162b2-vaccinated individuals. These results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 may escape neutralizing antibody responses, which has important implications for efforts to contain the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Hoffmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Faculty of Biology and Psychology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Wilhelmsplatz 1, 37073 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Prerna Arora
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Faculty of Biology and Psychology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Wilhelmsplatz 1, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Groß
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Meyerhofstr. 1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Alina Seidel
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Meyerhofstr. 1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Bojan F Hörnich
- Junior Research Group Herpesviruses - Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander S Hahn
- Junior Research Group Herpesviruses - Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nadine Krüger
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Luise Graichen
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Heike Hofmann-Winkler
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Amy Kempf
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Faculty of Biology and Psychology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Wilhelmsplatz 1, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin S Winkler
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Göttingen, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schulz
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Glückstraße 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Martin Jäck
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Glückstraße 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernd Jahrsdörfer
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University, Helmholtzstraße 10, 89081 Ulm, Germany; Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen and University Hospital Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 10, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Hubert Schrezenmeier
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University, Helmholtzstraße 10, 89081 Ulm, Germany; Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen and University Hospital Ulm, Helmholtzstraße 10, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jan Münch
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Meyerhofstr. 1, 89081 Ulm, Germany; Core Facility Functional Peptidomics, Ulm University Medical Center, Meyerhofstr. 4, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefan Pöhlmann
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Faculty of Biology and Psychology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Wilhelmsplatz 1, 37073 Göttingen, Germany.
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50
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Breunig M, Merkle J, Wagner M, Melzer MK, Barth TFE, Engleitner T, Krumm J, Wiedenmann S, Cohrs CM, Perkhofer L, Jain G, Krüger J, Hermann PC, Schmid M, Madácsy T, Varga Á, Griger J, Azoitei N, Müller M, Wessely O, Robey PG, Heller S, Dantes Z, Reichert M, Günes C, Bolenz C, Kuhn F, Maléth J, Speier S, Liebau S, Sipos B, Kuster B, Seufferlein T, Rad R, Meier M, Hohwieler M, Kleger A. Modeling plasticity and dysplasia of pancreatic ductal organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:1105-1124.e19. [PMID: 33915078 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Personalized in vitro models for dysplasia and carcinogenesis in the pancreas have been constrained by insufficient differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into the exocrine pancreatic lineage. Here, we differentiate hPSCs into pancreatic duct-like organoids (PDLOs) with morphological, transcriptional, proteomic, and functional characteristics of human pancreatic ducts, further maturing upon transplantation into mice. PDLOs are generated from hPSCs inducibly expressing oncogenic GNAS, KRAS, or KRAS with genetic covariance of lost CDKN2A and from induced hPSCs derived from a McCune-Albright patient. Each oncogene causes a specific growth, structural, and molecular phenotype in vitro. While transplanted PDLOs with oncogenic KRAS alone form heterogenous dysplastic lesions or cancer, KRAS with CDKN2A loss develop dedifferentiated pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. In contrast, transplanted PDLOs with mutant GNAS lead to intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasia-like structures. Conclusively, PDLOs enable in vitro and in vivo studies of pancreatic plasticity, dysplasia, and cancer formation from a genetically defined background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Breunig
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jessica Merkle
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Wagner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael K Melzer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany; Department of Urology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Engleitner
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, Center for Translational Cancer Research and Department of Medicine II, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Krumm
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Sandra Wiedenmann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany; Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian M Cohrs
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lukas Perkhofer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gaurav Jain
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, Center for Translational Cancer Research and Department of Medicine II, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jana Krüger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Patrick C Hermann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Maximilian Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tamara Madácsy
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; MTA-SZTE Momentum Epithelial Cell Signalling and Secretion Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Árpád Varga
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; MTA-SZTE Momentum Epithelial Cell Signalling and Secretion Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Joscha Griger
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, Center for Translational Cancer Research and Department of Medicine II, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ninel Azoitei
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Oliver Wessely
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Pamela G Robey
- Skeletal Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sandra Heller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Zahra Dantes
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Reichert
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Florian Kuhn
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - József Maléth
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; MTA-SZTE Momentum Epithelial Cell Signalling and Secretion Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; HCEMM-SZTE Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Stephan Speier
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Liebau
- Institute of Neuroanatomy & Developmental Biology (INDB), Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bence Sipos
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; Bavarian Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Center (BayBioMS), Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Roland Rad
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, Center for Translational Cancer Research and Department of Medicine II, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Meier
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Meike Hohwieler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
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