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Melzer MK, Resheq Y, Navaee F, Kleger A. The application of pancreatic cancer organoids for novel drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2023; 18:429-444. [PMID: 36945198 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2023.2194627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma presents with a dismal prognosis. Personalized therapy is urgently warranted to overcome the treatment limitations of the "one-size-fits-all" scheme. Organoids have emerged as fundamental novel tools to study tumor biology and heterogeneity, hence overcoming limitations of other model systems by better-reflecting tissue heterogeneity and recapitulating in-vivo processes. Besides their crucial role in basic research, they have evolved as tools for translational drug discovery and patient stratification. AREAS COVERED This review highlights the achievements of an organoid-based drug investigation and discovery. The authors present an overview of studies using organoids for drug testing. Further, they pinpoint studies correlating the in vitro prediction of organoids to the actual patient`s response. Furthermore, the authors describe novel model systems and take a thorough overlook of microfluidic chips, synthetic matrices, multicellular systems, bioprinting, and stem cell-derived pancreatic organoid systems. EXPERT OPINION Organoid systems promise great potential for future clinical applications. Indeed, they may be implemented into informed decision-making for guiding therapies. However, validation by randomized trials is mandatory. Additionally, organoids in combination with other cellular compartments may be exploited for drug discovery by studying niche-tumor interaction. Yet, several precautions must be kept in mind, such as standardization and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Karl Melzer
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Yazid Resheq
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Fatemeh Navaee
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
- Division of Interdisciplinary Pancreatology, Department of Internal Medicine 1, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
- Core Facility Organoids, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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Melzer MK, Breunig M, Arnold F, Wezel F, Azoitei A, Roger E, Krüger J, Merkle J, Schütte L, Resheq Y, Hänle M, Zehe V, Zengerling F, Azoitei N, Klein L, Penz F, Singh SK, Seufferlein T, Hohwieler M, Bolenz C, Günes C, Gout J, Kleger A. Organoids at the PUB: The Porcine Urinary Bladder Serves as a Pancreatic Niche for Advanced Cancer Modeling. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2102345. [PMID: 35114730 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202102345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite intensive research and progress in personalized medicine, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma remains one of the deadliest cancer entities. Pancreatic duct-like organoids (PDLOs) derived from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) or pancreatic cancer patient-derived organoids (PDOs) provide unique tools to study early and late stage dysplasia and to foster personalized medicine. However, such advanced systems are neither rapidly nor easily accessible and require an in vivo niche to study tumor formation and interaction with the stroma. Here, the establishment of the porcine urinary bladder (PUB) is revealed as an advanced organ culture model for shaping an ex vivo pancreatic niche. This model allows pancreatic progenitor cells to enter the ductal and endocrine lineages, while PDLOs further mature into duct-like tissue. Accordingly, the PUB offers an ex vivo platform for earliest pancreatic dysplasia and cancer if PDLOs feature KRASG12D mutations. Finally, it is demonstrated that PDOs-on-PUB i) resemble primary pancreatic cancer, ii) preserve cancer subtypes, iii) enable the study of niche epithelial crosstalk by spiking in pancreatic stellate and immune cells into the grafts, and finally iv) allow drug testing. In summary, the PUB advances the existing pancreatic cancer models by adding feasibility, complexity, and customization at low cost and high flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Karl Melzer
- Department of Urology, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Markus Breunig
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Frank Arnold
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Felix Wezel
- Department of Urology, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Anca Azoitei
- Department of Urology, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Elodie Roger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Jana Krüger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Jessica Merkle
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany
- Core Facility Organoids, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Lena Schütte
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Yazid Resheq
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Mark Hänle
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Viktor Zehe
- Department of Urology, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | | | - Ninel Azoitei
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Lukas Klein
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, 37075, Germany
| | - Frederike Penz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, 37075, Germany
| | - Shiv K Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen, 37075, Germany
| | | | - Meike Hohwieler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | | | - Cagatay Günes
- Department of Urology, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Johann Gout
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany
- Core Facility Organoids, Ulm University, Ulm, 89081, Germany
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Wilhelm A, Shepherd EL, Amatucci A, Munir M, Reynolds G, Humphreys E, Resheq Y, Adams DH, Hübscher S, Burkly LC, Weston CJ, Afford SC. Interaction of TWEAK with Fn14 leads to the progression of fibrotic liver disease by directly modulating hepatic stellate cell proliferation. J Pathol 2016; 239:109-21. [PMID: 26924336 PMCID: PMC4949530 DOI: 10.1002/path.4707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor‐like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) and its receptor fibroblast growth factor‐inducible 14 (Fn14) have been associated with liver regeneration in vivo. To further investigate the role of this pathway we examined their expression in human fibrotic liver disease and the effect of pathway deficiency in a murine model of liver fibrosis. The expression of Fn14 and TWEAK in normal and diseased human and mouse liver tissue and primary human hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were investigated by qPCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry. In addition, the levels of Fn14 in HSCs following pro‐fibrogenic and pro‐inflammatory stimuli were assessed and the effects of exogenous TWEAK on HSCs proliferation and activation were studied in vitro. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) was used to induce acute and chronic liver injury in TWEAK KO mice. Elevated expression of both Fn14 and TWEAK were detected in acute and chronic human liver injury, and co‐localized with markers of activated HSCs. Fn14 levels were low in quiescent HSCs but were significantly induced in activated HSCs, which could be further enhanced with the profibrogenic cytokine TGFβin vitro. Stimulation with recombinant TWEAK induced proliferation but not further HSCs activation. Fn14 gene expression was also significantly up‐regulated in CCl4 models of hepatic injury whereas TWEAK KO mice showed reduced levels of liver fibrosis following chronic CCl4 injury. In conclusion, TWEAK/Fn14 interaction leads to the progression of fibrotic liver disease via direct modulation of HSCs proliferation, making it a potential therapeutic target for liver fibrosis. © 2016 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Wilhelm
- Centre for Liver Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Emma L Shepherd
- Centre for Liver Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Aldo Amatucci
- Department of Immunology, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mamoona Munir
- Centre for Liver Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Gary Reynolds
- Centre for Liver Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Elizabeth Humphreys
- Centre for Liver Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Yazid Resheq
- Centre for Liver Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, University of Birmingham, UK.,Medizinische Klinik 5/Department of Internal Medicine 5, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen/University Medical Centre Erlangen, Germany
| | - David H Adams
- Centre for Liver Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Stefan Hübscher
- Centre for Liver Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, University of Birmingham, UK.,Department of Cellular Pathology, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Christopher J Weston
- Centre for Liver Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Simon C Afford
- Centre for Liver Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, University of Birmingham, UK
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