1
|
Di Chiaro P, Nacci L, Arco F, Brandini S, Polletti S, Palamidessi A, Donati B, Soriani C, Gualdrini F, Frigè G, Mazzarella L, Ciarrocchi A, Zerbi A, Spaggiari P, Scita G, Rodighiero S, Barozzi I, Diaferia GR, Natoli G. Mapping functional to morphological variation reveals the basis of regional extracellular matrix subversion and nerve invasion in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Cell 2024; 42:662-681.e10. [PMID: 38518775 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2024.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Intratumor morphological heterogeneity of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) predicts clinical outcomes but is only partially understood at the molecular level. To elucidate the gene expression programs underpinning intratumor morphological variation in PDAC, we investigated and deconvoluted at single cell level the molecular profiles of histologically distinct clusters of PDAC cells. We identified three major morphological and functional variants that co-exist in varying proportions in all PDACs, display limited genetic diversity, and are associated with a distinct organization of the extracellular matrix: a glandular variant with classical ductal features; a transitional variant displaying abortive ductal structures and mixed endodermal and myofibroblast-like gene expression; and a poorly differentiated variant lacking ductal features and basement membrane, and showing neuronal lineage priming. Ex vivo and in vitro evidence supports the occurrence of dynamic transitions among these variants in part influenced by extracellular matrix composition and stiffness and associated with local, specifically neural, invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Di Chiaro
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milano, Italy.
| | - Lucia Nacci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Fabiana Arco
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Stefania Brandini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Sara Polletti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Palamidessi
- IFOM, The FIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Benedetta Donati
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Chiara Soriani
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Gualdrini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Gianmaria Frigè
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Mazzarella
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milano, Italy; Division of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessia Ciarrocchi
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Zerbi
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milano, Italy; Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele - Milano, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Scita
- IFOM, The FIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Simona Rodighiero
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Iros Barozzi
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giuseppe R Diaferia
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milano, Italy.
| | - Gioacchino Natoli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milano, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Holuigue H, Nacci L, Di Chiaro P, Chighizola M, Locatelli I, Schulte C, Alfano M, Diaferia GR, Podestà A. Native extracellular matrix probes to target patient- and tissue-specific cell-microenvironment interactions by force spectroscopy. Nanoscale 2023; 15:15382-15395. [PMID: 37700706 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr01568h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is successfully used for the quantitative investigation of the cellular mechanosensing of the microenvironment. To this purpose, several force spectroscopy approaches aim at measuring the adhesive forces between two living cells and also between a cell and an appropriate reproduction of the extracellular matrix (ECM), typically exploiting tips suitably functionalised with single components (e.g. collagen, fibronectin) of the ECM. However, these probes only poorly reproduce the complexity of the native cellular microenvironment and consequently of the biological interactions. We developed a novel approach to produce AFM probes that faithfully retain the structural and biochemical complexity of the ECM; this was achieved by attaching to an AFM cantilever a micrometric slice of native decellularised ECM, which was cut by laser microdissection. We demonstrate that these probes preserve the morphological, mechanical, and chemical heterogeneity of the ECM. Native ECM probes can be used in force spectroscopy experiments aimed at targeting cell-microenvironment interactions. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of dissecting mechanotransductive cell-ECM interactions in the 10 pN range. As proof-of-principle, we tested a rat bladder ECM probe against the AY-27 rat bladder cancer cell line. On the one hand, we obtained reproducible results using different probes derived from the same ECM regions; on the other hand, we detected differences in the adhesion patterns of distinct bladder ECM regions (submucosa, detrusor, and adventitia), in line with the disparities in composition and biophysical properties of these ECM regions. Our results demonstrate that native ECM probes, produced from patient-specific regions of organs and tissues, can be used to investigate cell-microenvironment interactions and early mechanotransductive processes by force spectroscopy. This opens new possibilities in the field of personalised medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Holuigue
- CIMAINA and Dipartimento di Fisica "Aldo Pontremoli", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
| | - L Nacci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milano, Italy.
| | - P Di Chiaro
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milano, Italy.
| | - M Chighizola
- CIMAINA and Dipartimento di Fisica "Aldo Pontremoli", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
| | - I Locatelli
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy.
| | - C Schulte
- CIMAINA and Dipartimento di Fisica "Aldo Pontremoli", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - M Alfano
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy.
| | - G R Diaferia
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milano, Italy.
| | - A Podestà
- CIMAINA and Dipartimento di Fisica "Aldo Pontremoli", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Del Poggetto E, Ho IL, Balestrieri C, Yen EY, Zhang S, Citron F, Shah R, Corti D, Diaferia GR, Li CY, Loponte S, Carbone F, Hayakawa Y, Valenti G, Jiang S, Sapio L, Jiang H, Dey P, Gao S, Deem AK, Rose-John S, Yao W, Ying H, Rhim AD, Genovese G, Heffernan TP, Maitra A, Wang TC, Wang L, Draetta GF, Carugo A, Natoli G, Viale A. Epithelial memory of inflammation limits tissue damage while promoting pancreatic tumorigenesis. Science 2021; 373:eabj0486. [PMID: 34529467 PMCID: PMC9733946 DOI: 10.1126/science.abj0486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a major risk factor for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). When occurring in the context of pancreatitis, KRAS mutations accelerate tumor development in mouse models. We report that long after its complete resolution, a transient inflammatory event primes pancreatic epithelial cells to subsequent transformation by oncogenic KRAS. Upon recovery from acute inflammation, pancreatic epithelial cells display an enduring adaptive response associated with sustained transcriptional and epigenetic reprogramming. Such adaptation enables the reactivation of acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM) upon subsequent inflammatory events, thereby limiting tissue damage through a rapid decrease of zymogen production. We propose that because activating mutations of KRAS maintain an irreversible ADM, they may be beneficial and under strong positive selection in the context of recurrent pancreatitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Del Poggetto
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - I-Lin Ho
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chiara Balestrieri
- Experimental Hematology Unit, San Raffaele Research Hospital, Milan, 20132, Italy.,Center for Omics Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Er-Yen Yen
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shaojun Zhang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Francesca Citron
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rutvi Shah
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Denise Corti
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Giuseppe R. Diaferia
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, 20139, Italy
| | - Chieh-Yuan Li
- MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sara Loponte
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Federica Carbone
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yoku Hayakawa
- Department of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Giovanni Valenti
- Department of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Luigi Sapio
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Prasenjit Dey
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sisi Gao
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Angela K. Deem
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Stefan Rose-John
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Department of Biochemistry, Kiel, 24098, Germany
| | - Wantong Yao
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Haoqiang Ying
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Andrew D. Rhim
- Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Giannicola Genovese
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Timothy P. Heffernan
- TRACTION, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Timothy C. Wang
- Department of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Linghua Wang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Giulio F. Draetta
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alessandro Carugo
- TRACTION, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gioacchino Natoli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, 20139, Italy,Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, 20089, Italy
| | - Andrea Viale
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Milan M, Diaferia GR, Natoli G. Tumor cell heterogeneity and its transcriptional bases in pancreatic cancer: a tale of two cell types and their many variants. EMBO J 2021; 40:e107206. [PMID: 33844319 PMCID: PMC8246061 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020107206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), one of the most highly lethal tumors, is characterized by complex histology, with a massive fibrotic stroma in which both pseudo-glandular structures and compact nests of abnormally differentiated tumor cells are embedded, in different proportions and with different mutual relationships in space. This complexity and the heterogeneity of the tumor component have hindered the development of a broadly accepted, clinically actionable classification of PDACs, either on a morphological or a molecular basis. Here, we discuss evidence suggesting that such heterogeneity can to a large extent, albeit not exclusively, be traced back to two main classes of PDAC cells that commonly coexist in the same tumor: cells that maintained their ability to differentiate toward endodermal, mucin-producing epithelia and epithelial cells unable to form glandular structures and instead characterized by various levels of squamous differentiation and the expression of mesenchymal lineage genes. The underlying gene regulatory networks and how they are controlled by distinct transcription factors, as well as the practical implications of these two different populations of tumor cells, are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Milan
- Department of Experimental OncologyEuropean Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCSMilanItaly
- Present address:
The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUK
| | - Giuseppe R Diaferia
- Department of Experimental OncologyEuropean Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCSMilanItaly
| | - Gioacchino Natoli
- Department of Experimental OncologyEuropean Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCSMilanItaly
- Humanitas UniversityMilanItaly
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Milan M, Balestrieri C, Alfarano G, Polletti S, Prosperini E, Nicoli P, Spaggiari P, Zerbi A, Cirulli V, Diaferia GR, Natoli G. Pancreatic Cancer Cells Require the Transcription Factor MYRF to Maintain ER Homeostasis. Dev Cell 2020; 55:398-412.e7. [PMID: 32997974 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Many tumors of endodermal origin are composed of highly secretory cancer cells that must adapt endoplasmic reticulum (ER) activity to enable proper folding of secreted proteins and prevent ER stress. We found that pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) overexpress the myelin regulatory factor (MYRF), an ER membrane-associated transcription factor (TF) released by self-cleavage. MYRF was expressed in the well-differentiated secretory cancer cells, but not in the poorly differentiated quasi-mesenchymal cells that coexist in the same tumor. MYRF expression was controlled by the epithelial identity TF HNF1B, and it acted to fine-tune the expression of genes encoding highly glycosylated, cysteine-rich secretory proteins, thus preventing ER overload. MYRF-deficient PDAC cells showed signs of ER stress, impaired proliferation, and an inability to form spheroids in vitro, while in vivo they generated highly secretory but poorly proliferating and hypocellular tumors. These data indicate a role of MYRF in the control of ER homeostasis in highly secretory PDAC cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Milan
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Balestrieri
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Gabriele Alfarano
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Sara Polletti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Prosperini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Nicoli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Spaggiari
- Humanitas Clinical Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Zerbi
- Humanitas Clinical Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano, Milano, Italy; Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milano, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cirulli
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, UW Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Giuseppe R Diaferia
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milano, Italy.
| | - Gioacchino Natoli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milano, Italy; Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milano, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Milan M, Balestrieri C, Alfarano G, Polletti S, Prosperini E, Spaggiari P, Zerbi A, Diaferia GR, Natoli G. FOXA2 controls the cis-regulatory networks of pancreatic cancer cells in a differentiation grade-specific manner. EMBO J 2019; 38:e102161. [PMID: 31531882 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019102161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of normal and tumor cells is controlled by regulatory networks enforced by lineage-determining transcription factors (TFs). Among them, TFs such as FOXA1/2 bind naïve chromatin and induce its accessibility, thus establishing new gene regulatory networks. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by the coexistence of well- and poorly differentiated cells at all stages of disease. How the transcriptional networks determining such massive cellular heterogeneity are established remains to be determined. We found that FOXA2, a TF controlling pancreas specification, broadly contributed to the cis-regulatory networks of PDACs. Despite being expressed in both well- and poorly differentiated PDAC cells, FOXA2 displayed extensively different genomic distributions and controlled distinct gene expression programs. Grade-specific functions of FOXA2 depended on its partnership with TFs whose expression varied depending on the differentiation grade. These data suggest that FOXA2 contributes to the regulatory networks of heterogeneous PDAC cells via interactions with alternative partner TFs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Milan
- Humanitas University, Milano, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical Research Center IRCCS, Milano, Italy.,Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Balestrieri
- Humanitas University, Milano, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical Research Center IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Gabriele Alfarano
- Humanitas University, Milano, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical Research Center IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Sara Polletti
- Humanitas University, Milano, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical Research Center IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Prosperini
- Humanitas University, Milano, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical Research Center IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Zerbi
- Humanitas University, Milano, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical Research Center IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe R Diaferia
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Gioacchino Natoli
- Humanitas University, Milano, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical Research Center IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Balestrieri C, Alfarano G, Milan M, Tosi V, Prosperini E, Nicoli P, Palamidessi A, Scita G, Diaferia GR, Natoli G. Co-optation of Tandem DNA Repeats for the Maintenance of Mesenchymal Identity. Cell 2018; 173:1150-1164.e14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
8
|
Jimenez-Caliani AJ, Pillich R, Yang W, Diaferia GR, Meda P, Crisa L, Cirulli V. αE-Catenin Is a Positive Regulator of Pancreatic Islet Cell Lineage Differentiation. Cell Rep 2018; 20:1295-1306. [PMID: 28793255 PMCID: PMC5611824 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The development and function of epithelia depend on the establishment and maintenance of cell-cell adhesion and intercellular junctions, which operate as mechanosensor hubs for the transduction of biochemical signals regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and regeneration. Here, we show that αE-catenin, a key component of adherens junctions, functions as a positive regulator of pancreatic islet cell lineage differentiation by repressing the sonic hedgehog pathway (SHH). Thus, deletion of αE-catenin in multipotent pancreatic progenitors resulted in (1) loss of adherens junctions, (2) constitutive activation of SHH, (3) decrease in islet cell lineage differentiation, and (4) accumulation of immature Sox9+ progenitors. Pharmacological blockade of SHH signaling in pancreatic organ cultures and in vivo rescued this defect, allowing αE-catenin-null Sox9+ pancreatic progenitors to differentiate into endocrine cells. The results uncover crucial functions of αE-catenin in pancreatic islet development and harbor significant implications for the design of β cell replacement and regeneration therapies in diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J Jimenez-Caliani
- Department of Medicine, UW Diabetes Institute, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Rheumatology, Diabetology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Rudolf Pillich
- Department of Medicine, UW Diabetes Institute, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wendy Yang
- Department of Medicine, UW Diabetes Institute, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Giuseppe R Diaferia
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Meda
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laura Crisa
- Department of Medicine, UW Diabetes Institute, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Vincenzo Cirulli
- Department of Medicine, UW Diabetes Institute, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cardano M, Diaferia GR, Conti L, Baronchelli S, Sessa A, Broccoli V, Barbieri A, De Blasio P, Biunno I. mSEL-1L deficiency affects vasculogenesis and neural stem cell lineage commitment. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:3152-3163. [PMID: 28816361 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
mSEL-1L is a highly conserved ER-resident type I protein, involved in the degradation of misfolded peptides through the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), a pathway known to control the plasticity of the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) phenotype and survival. In this article, we demonstrate that mSEL-1L deficiency interferes with the murine embryonic vascular network, showing particular irregularities in the intracranic and intersomitic neurovascular units and in the cerebral capillary microcirculation. During murine embryogenesis, mSEL-1L is expressed in cerebral areas known to harbor progenitor neural cells, while in the adult brain the protein is specifically restricted to the stem cell niches, co-localizing with Sox2 and Nestin. Null mice are characterized by important defects in the development of telenchephalic regions, revealing conspicuous aberration in neural stem cell lineage commitment. Moreover, mSEL-1L depletion in vitro and in vivo appears to affect the harmonic differentiation of the NSCs, by negatively influencing the corticogenesis processes. Overall, the data presented suggests that the drastic phenotypic characteristics exhibited in mSEL-1L null mice can, in part, be explained by the negative influence it plays on Notch1 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luciano Conti
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Integrative Biology-CIBIO, Università degli Studi di Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Simona Baronchelli
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB) of the National Research Council, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sessa
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Vania Broccoli
- Stem Cell and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Barbieri
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB) of the National Research Council, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Ida Biunno
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB) of the National Research Council, Milano, Italy.,IRCCS Multimedica, Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bossi D, Cicalese A, Dellino GI, Luzi L, Riva L, D'Alesio C, Diaferia GR, Carugo A, Cavallaro E, Piccioni R, Barberis M, Mazzarol G, Testori A, Punzi S, Pallavicini I, Tosti G, Giacó L, Melloni G, Heffernan TP, Natoli G, Draetta GF, Minucci S, Pelicci P, Lanfrancone L. In Vivo Genetic Screens of Patient-Derived Tumors Revealed Unexpected Frailty of the Transformed Phenotype. Cancer Discov 2016; 6:650-63. [PMID: 27179036 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-15-1200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The identification of genes maintaining cancer growth is critical to our understanding of tumorigenesis. We report the first in vivo genetic screen of patient-derived tumors, using metastatic melanomas and targeting 236 chromatin genes by expression of specific shRNA libraries. Our screens revealed unprecedented numerosity of genes indispensable for tumor growth (∼50% of tested genes) and unexpected functional heterogeneity among patients (<15% in common). Notably, these genes were not activated by somatic mutations in the same patients and are therefore distinguished from mutated cancer driver genes. We analyzed underlying molecular mechanisms of one of the identified genes, the Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase KMT2D, and showed that it promotes tumorigenesis by dysregulating a subset of transcriptional enhancers and target genes involved in cell migration. The assembly of enhancer genomic patterns by activated KMT2D was highly patient-specific, regardless of the identity of transcriptional targets, suggesting that KMT2D might be activated by distinct upstream signaling pathways. SIGNIFICANCE Drug targeting of biologically relevant cancer-associated mutations is considered a critical strategy to control cancer growth. Our functional in vivo genetic screens of patient-derived tumors showed unprecedented numerosity and interpatient heterogeneity of genes that are essential for tumor growth, but not mutated, suggesting that multiple, patient-specific signaling pathways are activated in tumors. Cancer Discov; 6(6); 650-63. ©2016 AACR.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 561.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Bossi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Cicalese
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Gaetano I Dellino
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy. Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucilla Luzi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Riva
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Milan, Italy
| | - Carolina D'Alesio
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe R Diaferia
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Carugo
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy. Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Elena Cavallaro
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Rossana Piccioni
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Barberis
- Division of Pathology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Testori
- Division of Dermatoncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Punzi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Isabella Pallavicini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Tosti
- Division of Dermatoncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Luciano Giacó
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Melloni
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Timothy P Heffernan
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Gioacchino Natoli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio F Draetta
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Saverio Minucci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy. Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - PierGiuseppe Pelicci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy. Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Lanfrancone
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Diaferia GR, Balestrieri C, Prosperini E, Nicoli P, Spaggiari P, Zerbi A, Natoli G. Dissection of transcriptional and cis-regulatory control of differentiation in human pancreatic cancer. EMBO J 2016; 35:595-617. [PMID: 26769127 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201592404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The histological grade of carcinomas describes the ability of tumor cells to organize in differentiated epithelial structures and has prognostic and therapeutic impact. Here, we show that differential usage of the genomic repertoire of transcriptional enhancers leads to grade-specific gene expression programs in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). By integrating gene expression profiling, epigenomic footprinting, and loss-of-function experiments in PDAC cell lines of different grade, we identified the repertoires of enhancers specific to high- and low-grade PDACs and the cognate set of transcription factors acting to maintain their activity. Among the candidate regulators of PDAC differentiation, KLF5 was selectively expressed in pre-neoplastic lesions and low-grade primary PDACs and cell lines, where it maintained the acetylation of grade-specific enhancers, the expression of epithelial genes such as keratins and mucins, and the ability to organize glandular epithelia in xenografts. The identification of the transcription factors controlling differentiation in PDACs will help clarify the molecular bases of its heterogeneity and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe R Diaferia
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Balestrieri
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Prosperini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Nicoli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Spaggiari
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Humanitas Clinical Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Zerbi
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Humanitas Clinical Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Gioacchino Natoli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Diaferia GR, Natoli G. When antimicrobial peptides hit the wrong target: a novel link between tumour macrophages and cancer stem cells. Gut 2015; 64:1841-2. [PMID: 25966994 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe R Diaferia
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Milan, Italy
| | - Gioacchino Natoli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Diaferia GR, Cirulli V, Biunno I. SEL1L regulates adhesion, proliferation and secretion of insulin by affecting integrin signaling. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79458. [PMID: 24324549 PMCID: PMC3854660 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
SEL1L, a component of the endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation (ERAD) pathway, has been reported to regulate the (i) differentiation of the pancreatic endocrine and exocrine tissue during the second transition of mouse embryonic development, (ii) neural stem cell self-renewal and lineage commitment and (iii) cell cycle progression through regulation of genes related to cell-matrix interaction. Here we show that in the pancreas the expression of SEL1L is developmentally regulated, such that it is readily detected in developing islet cells and in nascent acinar clusters adjacent to basement membranes, and becomes progressively restricted to the islets of Langherans in post-natal life. This peculiar expression pattern and the presence of two inverse RGD motifs in the fibronectin type II domain of SEL1L protein indicate a possible interaction with cell adhesion molecules to regulate islets architecture. Co-immunoprecipitation studies revealed SEL1L and ß1-integrin interaction and, down-modulation of SEL1L in pancreatic ß-cells, negatively influences both cell adhesion on selected matrix components and cell proliferation likely due to altered ERK signaling. Furthermore, the absence of SEL1L protein strongly inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in isolated mouse pancreatic islets unveiling an important role of SEL1L in insulin trafficking. This phenotype can be rescued by the ectopic expression of the ß1-integrin subunit confirming the close interaction of these two proteins in regulating the cross-talk between extracellular matrix and insulin signalling to create a favourable micro-environment for ß-cell development and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vincenzo Cirulli
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Institute for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail: (VC); (IB)
| | - Ida Biunno
- Stem Cell Science Unit, IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail: (VC); (IB)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Diaferia GR, Jimenez-Caliani AJ, Ranjitkar P, Yang W, Hardiman G, Rhodes CJ, Crisa L, Cirulli V. β1 integrin is a crucial regulator of pancreatic β-cell expansion. Development 2013; 140:3360-72. [PMID: 23863477 DOI: 10.1242/dev.098533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Development of the endocrine compartment of the pancreas, as represented by the islets of Langerhans, occurs through a series of highly regulated events encompassing branching of the pancreatic epithelium, delamination and differentiation of islet progenitors from ductal domains, followed by expansion and three-dimensional organization into islet clusters. Cellular interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM) mediated by receptors of the integrin family are postulated to regulate key functions in these processes. Yet, specific events regulated by these receptors in the developing pancreas remain unknown. Here, we show that ablation of the β1 integrin gene in developing pancreatic β-cells reduces their ability to expand during embryonic life, during the first week of postnatal life, and thereafter. Mice lacking β1 integrin in insulin-producing cells exhibit a dramatic reduction of the number of β-cells to only ∼18% of wild-type levels. Despite the significant reduction in β-cell mass, these mutant mice are not diabetic. A thorough phenotypic analysis of β-cells lacking β1 integrin revealed a normal expression repertoire of β-cell markers, normal architectural organization within islet clusters, and a normal ultrastructure. Global gene expression analysis revealed that ablation of this ECM receptor in β-cells inhibits the expression of genes regulating cell cycle progression. Collectively, our results demonstrate that β1 integrin receptors function as crucial positive regulators of β-cell expansion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe R Diaferia
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Via Adamello 16 20139, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cardano M, Diaferia GR, Falavigna M, Spinelli CC, Sessa F, DeBlasio P, Biunno I. Cell and tissue microarray technologies for protein and nucleic acid expression profiling. J Histochem Cytochem 2012; 61:116-24. [PMID: 23172795 DOI: 10.1369/0022155412470455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue microarray (TMA) and cell microarray (CMA) are two powerful techniques that allow for the immunophenotypical characterization of hundreds of samples simultaneously. In particular, the CMA approach is particularly useful for immunophenotyping new stem cell lines (e.g., cardiac, neural, mesenchymal) using conventional markers, as well as for testing the specificity and the efficacy of newly developed antibodies. We propose the use of a tissue arrayer not only to perform protein expression profiling by immunohistochemistry but also to carry out molecular genetics studies. In fact, starting with several tissues or cell lines, it is possible to obtain the complete signature of each sample, describing the protein, mRNA and microRNA expression, and DNA mutations, or eventually to analyze the epigenetic processes that control protein regulation. Here we show the results obtained using the Galileo CK4500 TMA platform.
Collapse
|
16
|
Diaferia GR, Cardano M, Cattaneo M, Spinelli CC, Dessì SS, DeBlasio P, Biunno I. The science of stem cell biobanking: Investing in the future. J Cell Physiol 2011; 227:14-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
17
|
Yebra M, Diaferia GR, Montgomery AMP, Kaido T, Brunken WJ, Koch M, Hardiman G, Crisa L, Cirulli V. Endothelium-derived Netrin-4 supports pancreatic epithelial cell adhesion and differentiation through integrins α2β1 and α3β1. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22750. [PMID: 21829502 PMCID: PMC3146510 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 07/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Netrins have been extensively studied in the developing central nervous system as pathfinding guidance cues, and more recently in non-neural tissues where they mediate cell adhesion, migration and differentiation. Netrin-4, a distant relative of Netrins 1-3, has been proposed to affect cell fate determination in developing epithelia, though receptors mediating these functions have yet to be identified. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Using human embryonic pancreatic cells as a model of developing epithelium, here we report that Netrin-4 is abundantly expressed in vascular endothelial cells and pancreatic ductal cells, and supports epithelial cell adhesion through integrins α2β1 and α3β1. Interestingly, we find that Netrin-4 recognition by embryonic pancreatic cells through integrins α2β1 and α3β1 promotes insulin and glucagon gene expression. In addition, full genome microarray analysis revealed that fetal pancreatic cell adhesion to Netrin-4 causes a prominent down-regulation of cyclins and up-regulation of negative regulators of the cell cycle. Consistent with these results, a number of other genes whose activities have been linked to developmental decisions and/or cellular differentiation are up-regulated. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Given the recognized function of blood vessels in epithelial tissue morphogenesis, our results provide a mechanism by which endothelial-derived Netrin-4 may function as a pro-differentiation cue for adjacent developing pancreatic cell populations expressing adhesion receptors α2β1 and α3β1 integrins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Yebra
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Giuseppe R. Diaferia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Anthony M. P. Montgomery
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Thomas Kaido
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - William J. Brunken
- Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Manuel Koch
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute for Oral and Musculoskeletal Biology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gary Hardiman
- Biomedical Genomics Microarray Facility (BIOGEM), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Laura Crisa
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Vincenzo Cirulli
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Diaferia GR, Biunno I, DeBlasio P. Comprehensive Outsourcing Biobanking Facility to Serve the International Research Community. Biopreserv Biobank 2011; 9:191-4. [DOI: 10.1089/bio.2011.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ida Biunno
- Integrated Systems Engineering s.r.l., Milan, Italy
- IRGB-CNR, Milano, Italy
| | - Pasquale DeBlasio
- Integrated Systems Engineering s.r.l., Milan, Italy
- BioRep s.r.l., Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cardano M, Diaferia GR, Cattaneo M, Dessì SS, Long Q, Conti L, Deblasio P, Cattaneo E, Biunno I. mSEL-1L (Suppressor/enhancer Lin12-like) protein levels influence murine neural stem cell self-renewal and lineage commitment. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:18708-19. [PMID: 21454627 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.210740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Murine SEL-1L (mSEL-1L) is a key component of the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation pathway. It is essential during development as revealed by the multi-organ dysfunction and in uterus lethality occurring in homozygous mSEL-1L-deficient mice. Here we show that mSEL-1L is highly expressed in pluripotent embryonic stem cells and multipotent neural stem cells (NSCs) but silenced in all mature neural derivatives (i.e. astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neurons) by mmu-miR-183. NSCs derived from homozygous mSEL-1L-deficient embryos (mSEL-1L(-/-) NSCs) fail to proliferate in vitro, show a drastic reduction of the Notch effector HES-5, and reveal a significant down-modulation of the early neural progenitor markers PAX-6 and OLIG-2, when compared with the wild type (mSEL-1L(+/+) NSCs) counterpart. Furthermore, these cells are almost completely deprived of the neural marker Nestin, display a significant decrease of SOX-2 expression, and rapidly undergo premature astrocytic commitment and apoptosis. The data suggest severe self-renewal defects occurring in these cells probably mediated by misregulation of the Notch signaling. The results reported here denote mSEL-1L as a primitive marker with a possible involvement in the regulation of neural progenitor stemness maintenance and lineage determination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Cardano
- Doctorate School of Molecular Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Diaferia GR, Conti L, Redaelli S, Cattaneo M, Mutti C, DeBlasio P, Dalprà L, Cattaneo E, Biunno I. Systematic chromosomal analysis of cultured mouse neural stem cell lines. Stem Cells Dev 2011; 20:1411-23. [PMID: 21275879 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2010.0359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential use of neural stem cells (NSCs) in basic research, drug testing, and for the development of therapeutic strategies is dependent on their large scale in vitro amplification which, however, introduces considerable risks of genetic instability and transformation. NSCs have been derived from different sources, but the occurrence of chromosomal instability has been monitored only to a limited extent in relationship to the source of derivation, growth procedure, long-term culture, and genetic manipulation. Here we have systematically investigated the effect of these parameters on the chromosomal stability of pure populations of mouse NSCs obtained after neuralization from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) or directly from fetal or adult mouse brain. We found that the procedure of NSCs establishment is not accompanied by genetic instability and chromosomal aberration. On the contrary, we observed that a composite karyotype appears in NSCs above extensive passaging. This phenomenon is more evident in ESC- and adult sub-ventricular zone-derived NSCs and further deteriorates after genetic engineering of the cells. Fetal-derived NSCs showed the greatest euploidy state with negligible clonal structural aberrations, but persistent clonal numerical abnormalities. It was previously published that long-term passaged ESC- and adult sub-ventricular zone-derived NSCs did not show any defects in the cells' proliferative and differentiative capacity nor induced in vivo tumour formation, although we here report on the chromosomal abnormalities of these cells. Although chromosomal aberrations are known to occur less frequently in human cells, studies performed on murine stem cells provide an important complement to understand the biological events occurring in human lines.
Collapse
|
21
|
Serre-Beinier V, Bosco D, Zulianello L, Charollais A, Caille D, Charpantier E, Gauthier BR, Diaferia GR, Giepmans BN, Lupi R, Marchetti P, Deng S, Buhler L, Berney T, Cirulli V, Meda P. Cx36 makes channels coupling human pancreatic beta-cells, and correlates with insulin expression. Hum Mol Genet 2009; 18:428-39. [PMID: 19000992 PMCID: PMC2638800 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddn370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have documented that the insulin-producing beta-cells of laboratory rodents are coupled by gap junction channels made solely of the connexin36 (Cx36) protein, and have shown that loss of this protein desynchronizes beta-cells, leading to secretory defects reminiscent of those observed in type 2 diabetes. Since human islets differ in several respects from those of laboratory rodents, we have now screened human pancreas, and islets isolated thereof, for expression of a variety of connexin genes, tested whether the cognate proteins form functional channels for islet cell exchanges, and assessed whether this expression changes with beta-cell function in islets of control and type 2 diabetics. Here, we show that (i) different connexin isoforms are differentially distributed in the exocrine and endocrine parts of the human pancreas; (ii) human islets express at the transcript level different connexin isoforms; (iii) the membrane of beta-cells harbors detectable levels of gap junctions made of Cx36; (iv) this protein is concentrated in lipid raft domains of the beta-cell membrane where it forms gap junctions; (v) Cx36 channels allow for the preferential exchange of cationic molecules between human beta-cells; (vi) the levels of Cx36 mRNA correlated with the expression of the insulin gene in the islets of both control and type 2 diabetics. The data show that Cx36 is a native protein of human pancreatic islets, which mediates the coupling of the insulin-producing beta-cells, and contributes to control beta-cell function by modulating gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Domenico Bosco
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Zulianello
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva School of Medicine, CMU 1, rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, CH, Switzerland
| | - Anne Charollais
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva School of Medicine, CMU 1, rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, CH, Switzerland
| | - Dorothée Caille
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva School of Medicine, CMU 1, rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, CH, Switzerland
| | - Eric Charpantier
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva School of Medicine, CMU 1, rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, CH, Switzerland
| | - Benoit R. Gauthier
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva School of Medicine, CMU 1, rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, CH, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe R. Diaferia
- Islet Research Laboratory, The Whittier Institute for Diabetes, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ben N. Giepmans
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roberto Lupi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Shaoping Deng
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Léo Buhler
- Surgical Research Unit, Department of Surgery
| | - Thierry Berney
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vincenzo Cirulli
- Islet Research Laboratory, The Whittier Institute for Diabetes, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Paolo Meda
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva School of Medicine, CMU 1, rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, CH, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Miller R, Cirulli V, Diaferia GR, Ninniri S, Hardiman G, Torbett BE, Benezra R, Crisa L. Switching-on survival and repair response programs in islet transplants by bone marrow-derived vasculogenic cells. Diabetes 2008; 57:2402-12. [PMID: 18519801 PMCID: PMC2518491 DOI: 10.2337/db08-0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2008] [Accepted: 05/27/2008] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vascular progenitors of bone marrow origin participate to neovascularization at sites of wound healing and transplantation. We hypothesized that the biological purpose of this bone marrow-derived vascular component is to contribute angiogenic and survival functions distinct from those provided by the local tissue-derived vasculature. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS AND RESULTS To address this hypothesis, we investigated the functional impact of bone marrow-derived vascular cells on pancreatic islets engraftment using bone marrow-reconstituted Id1(+/-)Id3(-/-) mice, a model of bone marrow-derived vasculogenesis. We show that, in this model, bone marrow-derived vasculogenic cells primarily contribute to the formation of new blood vessels within islet transplants. In contrast, graft revascularization in a wild-type background occurs by tissue-derived blood vessels only. Using these distinct transplant models in which bone marrow-and tissue-derived vasculature are virtually mutually exclusive, we demonstrate that bone marrow-derived vasculogenic cells exhibit enhanced angiogenic functions and support prompt activation of islets survival pathways, which significantly impact on islets engraftment and function. Moreover, gene profiling of vascular and inflammatory cells of the grafts demonstrate that neovascularization by bone marrow-derived cells is accompanied by the activation of a genetic program uniquely tuned to downregulate harmful inflammatory responses and to promote tissue repair. CONCLUSIONS These studies uncover the biological significance of bone marrow-derived vasculogenic cells in the response to injury during transplantation. Enhancing the contribution of bone marrow-derived vasculogenic cells to transplantation sites may help to overcome both limited angiogenic responses of the adult tissue-derived vasculature and untoward effects of inflammation on transplant engraftment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robyn Miller
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Vincenzo Cirulli
- Department of Pediatrics, Biomedical Genomics Microarray Facility, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Giuseppe R. Diaferia
- Department of Pediatrics, Biomedical Genomics Microarray Facility, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Stefania Ninniri
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Gary Hardiman
- Department of Medicine, Biomedical Genomics Microarray Facility, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Bruce E. Torbett
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | | | - Laura Crisa
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yebra M, Montgomery AMP, Diaferia GR, Kaido T, Silletti S, Perez B, Just ML, Hildbrand S, Hurford R, Florkiewicz E, Tessier-Lavigne M, Cirulli V. Recognition of the Neural Chemoattractant Netrin-1 by Integrins α6β4 and α3β1 Regulates Epithelial Cell Adhesion and Migration. Dev Cell 2003; 5:695-707. [PMID: 14602071 DOI: 10.1016/s1534-5807(03)00330-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Netrins, axon guidance cues in the CNS, have also been detected in epithelial tissues. In this study, using the embryonic pancreas as a model system, we show that Netrin-1 is expressed in a discrete population of epithelial cells, localizes to basal membranes, and specifically associates with elements of the extracellular matrix. We demonstrate that alpha6beta4 integrin mediates pancreatic epithelial cell adhesion to Netrin-1, whereas recruitment of alpha6beta4 and alpha3beta1 regulate the migration of CK19+/PDX1+ putative pancreatic progenitors on Netrin-1. These results provide evidence for the activation of epithelial cell adhesion and migration by a neural chemoattractant, and identify Netrin-1/integrin interactions as adhesive/guidance cues for epithelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Yebra
- Department of Pediatrics, The Whittier Institute for Diabetes, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|