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Gothié JDM, Kennedy TE. Mitochondrial recruitment in myelin: an anchor for myelin dynamics and plasticity? Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1401-1402. [PMID: 38051867 PMCID: PMC10883515 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.387982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-David M Gothié
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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2
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Chitsaz D, Kennedy TE. High-throughput microcontact printing of proteins in microwell cell culture plates. MethodsX 2024; 12:102665. [PMID: 38524307 PMCID: PMC10957495 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2024.102665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Microcontact printing (MCP) is used to pattern a surface with a specific compound, allowing the spatially restricted response of cells to be assayed as they encounter a molecule of interest. MCP is a relatively low-cost and accessible technique that uses commercially available reagents and common cell culture equipment. However, it can be technically challenging, slow, and incompatible with microwell cell culture plates that are widely used for screening and other applications. Here, we describe a novel protocol using medical biopsy punches to transfer patterns into standard 96-well plates via polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) cutouts. We demonstrate that this method can be used to deposit patterns of poly-D-lysine (PDL) into the microwells of glass-bottom plates. As a proof-of-concept, we show that cultured rodent glial cells preferentially grow and extend processes on the pattern. This method will allow larger scale MCP experiments in which different patterns, proteins, or other factors can be assayed in parallel.•Biopsy punches enable both cutting out small circular stamps and plunging them into tissue culture microwells to transfer proteins.•Compared to standard MCP, this method offers a more rapid workflow to pattern proteins onto substrates, and allows use of microwell plates that permits larger-scale experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryan Chitsaz
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada
| | - Timothy E. Kennedy
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada
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Mohammadnia A, Cui QL, Weng C, Yaqubi M, Fernandes MGF, Hall JA, Dudley R, Srour M, Kennedy TE, Stratton JA, Antel JP. Age-dependent effects of metformin on human oligodendrocyte lineage cell ensheathment capacity. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae109. [PMID: 38601917 PMCID: PMC11005772 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Metformin restores the myelination potential of aged rat A2B5+ oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and may enhance recovery in children with post-radiation brain injury. Human late progenitor cells (O4+A2B5+) have a superior capacity to ensheath nanofibres compared to mature oligodendrocytes, with cells from paediatric sources exceeding adults. In this study, we assessed the effects of metformin on ensheathment capacity of human adult and paediatric progenitors and mature oligodendrocytes and related differences to transcriptional changes. A2B5+ progenitors and mature cells, derived from surgical tissues by immune-magnetic separation, were assessed for ensheathment capacity in nanofibre plates over 2 weeks. Metformin (10 µM every other day) was added to selected cultures. RNA was extracted from treated and control cultures after 2 days. For all ages, ensheathment by progenitors exceeded mature oligodendrocytes. Metformin enhanced ensheathment by adult donor cells but reduced ensheathment by paediatric cells. Metformin marginally increased cell death in paediatric progenitors. Metformin-induced changes in gene expression are distinct for each cell type. Adult progenitors showed up-regulation of pathways involved in the process of outgrowth and promoting lipid biosynthesis. Paediatric progenitors showed a relatively greater proportion of down- versus up-regulated pathways, these involved cell morphology, development and synaptic transmission. Metformin-induced AMP-activated protein kinase activation in all cell types; AMP-activated protein kinase inhibitor BML-275 reduced functional metformin effects only with adult cells. Our results indicate age and differentiation stage-related differences in human oligodendroglia lineage cells in response to metformin. Clinical trials for demyelinating conditions will indicate how these differences translate in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulshakour Mohammadnia
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Qiao-Ling Cui
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Chao Weng
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Moein Yaqubi
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Milton G F Fernandes
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Jeffery A Hall
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGill University Health Centre and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Roy Dudley
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Montreal Children’s Hospital, Montreal H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Myriam Srour
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Montreal Children’s Hospital, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Timothy E Kennedy
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Jo Anne Stratton
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Jack P Antel
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
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Glasgow SD, Fisher TAJ, Wong EW, Lançon K, Feighan KM, Beamish IV, Gibon J, Séguéla P, Ruthazer ES, Kennedy TE. Acetylcholine synergizes with netrin-1 to drive persistent firing in the entorhinal cortex. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113812. [PMID: 38377003 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The ability of the mammalian brain to maintain spatial representations of external or internal information for short periods of time has been associated with sustained neuronal spiking and reverberatory neural network activity in the medial entorhinal cortex. Here, we show that conditional genetic deletion of netrin-1 or the netrin receptor deleted-in-colorectal cancer (DCC) from forebrain excitatory neurons leads to deficits in short-term spatial memory. We then demonstrate that conditional deletion of either netrin-1 or DCC inhibits cholinergic persistent firing and show that cholinergic activation of muscarinic receptors expressed by entorhinal cortical neurons promotes persistent firing by recruiting DCC to the plasma membrane. Together, these findings indicate that normal short-term spatial memory function requires the synergistic actions of acetylcholine and netrin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D Glasgow
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Teddy A J Fisher
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Edwin W Wong
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Kevin Lançon
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Kira M Feighan
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Ian V Beamish
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Julien Gibon
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Philippe Séguéla
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Edward S Ruthazer
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
| | - Timothy E Kennedy
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
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Pernin F, Cui QL, Mohammadnia A, Fernandes MGF, Hall JA, Srour M, Dudley RWR, Zandee SEJ, Klement W, Prat A, Salapa HE, Levin MC, Moore GRW, Kennedy TE, Vande Velde C, Antel JP. Regulation of stress granule formation in human oligodendrocytes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1524. [PMID: 38374028 PMCID: PMC10876533 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45746-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte (OL) injury and subsequent loss is a pathologic hallmark of multiple sclerosis (MS). Stress granules (SGs) are membrane-less organelles containing mRNAs stalled in translation and considered as participants of the cellular response to stress. Here we show SGs in OLs in active and inactive areas of MS lesions as well as in normal-appearing white matter. In cultures of primary human adult brain derived OLs, metabolic stress conditions induce transient SG formation in these cells. Combining pro-inflammatory cytokines, which alone do not induce SG formation, with metabolic stress results in persistence of SGs. Unlike sodium arsenite, metabolic stress induced SG formation is not blocked by the integrated stress response inhibitor. Glycolytic inhibition also induces persistent SGs indicating the dependence of SG formation and disassembly on the energetic glycolytic properties of human OLs. We conclude that SG persistence in OLs in MS reflects their response to a combination of metabolic stress and pro-inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Pernin
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Qiao-Ling Cui
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Milton G F Fernandes
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jeffery A Hall
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Myriam Srour
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Roy W R Dudley
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stephanie E J Zandee
- Centre de Recherche Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Wendy Klement
- Centre de Recherche Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandre Prat
- Centre de Recherche Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Hannah E Salapa
- Cameco Multiple Sclerosis Neuroscience Research Center, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Michael C Levin
- Cameco Multiple Sclerosis Neuroscience Research Center, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - G R Wayne Moore
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Timothy E Kennedy
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Jack P Antel
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Taherzadeh M, Zhang E, Londono I, De Leener B, Wang S, Cooper JD, Kennedy TE, Morales CR, Chen Z, Lodygensky GA, Pshezhetsky AV. Severe central nervous system demyelination in Sanfilippo disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1323449. [PMID: 38163061 PMCID: PMC10756675 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1323449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chronic progressive neuroinflammation is a hallmark of neurological lysosomal storage diseases, including mucopolysaccharidosis III (MPS III or Sanfilippo disease). Since neuroinflammation is linked to white matter tract pathology, we analyzed axonal myelination and white matter density in the mouse model of MPS IIIC HgsnatP304L and post-mortem brain samples of MPS III patients. Methods Brain and spinal cord tissues of human MPS III patients, 6-month-old HgsnatP304L mice and age- and sex-matching wild type mice were analyzed by immunofluorescence to assess levels of myelin-associated proteins, primary and secondary storage materials, and levels of microgliosis. Corpus callosum (CC) region was studied by transmission electron microscopy to analyze axon myelination and morphology of oligodendrocytes and microglia. Mouse brains were analyzed ex vivo by high-filed MRI using Diffusion Basis Spectrum Imaging in Python-Diffusion tensor imaging algorithms. Results Analyses of CC and spinal cord tissues by immunohistochemistry revealed substantially reduced levels of myelin-associated proteins including Myelin Basic Protein, Myelin Associated Glycoprotein, and Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein. Furthermore, ultrastructural analyses revealed disruption of myelin sheath organization and reduced myelin thickness in the brains of MPS IIIC mice and human MPS IIIC patients compared to healthy controls. Oligodendrocytes (OLs) in the CC of MPS IIIC mice were scarce, while examination of the remaining cells revealed numerous enlarged lysosomes containing heparan sulfate, GM3 ganglioside or "zebra bodies" consistent with accumulation of lipids and myelin fragments. In addition, OLs contained swollen mitochondria with largely dissolved cristae, resembling those previously identified in the dysfunctional neurons of MPS IIIC mice. Ex vivo Diffusion Basis Spectrum Imaging revealed compelling signs of demyelination (26% increase in radial diffusivity) and tissue loss (76% increase in hindered diffusivity) in CC of MPS IIIC mice. Discussion Our findings demonstrate an important role for white matter injury in the pathophysiology of MPS III. This study also defines specific parameters and brain regions for MRI analysis and suggests that it may become a crucial non-invasive method to evaluate disease progression and therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Taherzadeh
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Erjun Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Irene Londono
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Benjamin De Leener
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- NeuroPoly Lab, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Computer Engineering and Software Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sophie Wang
- Pediatric Storage Disorders Laboratory (PSDL), Departments of Pediatrics, Genetics and Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Jonathan D. Cooper
- Pediatric Storage Disorders Laboratory (PSDL), Departments of Pediatrics, Genetics and Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Timothy E. Kennedy
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Carlos R. Morales
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Zesheng Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gregory A. Lodygensky
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexey V. Pshezhetsky
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Michell-Robinson MA, Watt KEN, Grouza V, Macintosh J, Pinard M, Tuznik M, Chen X, Darbelli L, Wu CL, Perrier S, Chitsaz D, Uccelli NA, Liu H, Cox TC, Müller CW, Kennedy TE, Coulombe B, Rudko DA, Trainor PA, Bernard G. Hypomyelination, hypodontia and craniofacial abnormalities in a Polr3b mouse model of leukodystrophy. Brain 2023; 146:5070-5085. [PMID: 37635302 PMCID: PMC10690025 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA polymerase III (Pol III)-related hypomyelinating leukodystrophy (POLR3-HLD), also known as 4H leukodystrophy, is a severe neurodegenerative disease characterized by the cardinal features of hypomyelination, hypodontia and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. POLR3-HLD is caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in genes encoding Pol III subunits. While approximately half of all patients carry mutations in POLR3B encoding the RNA polymerase III subunit B, there is no in vivo model of leukodystrophy based on mutation of this Pol III subunit. Here, we determined the impact of POLR3BΔ10 (Δ10) on Pol III in human cells and developed and characterized an inducible/conditional mouse model of leukodystrophy using the orthologous Δ10 mutation in mice. The molecular mechanism of Pol III dysfunction was determined in human cells by affinity purification-mass spectrometry and western blot. Postnatal induction with tamoxifen induced expression of the orthologous Δ10 hypomorph in triple transgenic Pdgfrα-Cre/ERT; R26-Stopfl-EYFP; Polr3bfl mice. CNS and non-CNS features were characterized using a variety of techniques including microCT, ex vivo MRI, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, spectral confocal reflectance microscopy and western blot. Lineage tracing and time series analysis of oligodendrocyte subpopulation dynamics based on co-labelling with lineage-specific and/or proliferation markers were performed. Proteomics suggested that Δ10 causes a Pol III assembly defect, while western blots demonstrated reduced POLR3BΔ10 expression in the cytoplasm and nucleus in human cells. In mice, postnatal Pdgfrα-dependent expression of the orthologous murine mutant protein resulted in recessive phenotypes including severe hypomyelination leading to ataxia, tremor, seizures and limited survival, as well as hypodontia and craniofacial abnormalities. Hypomyelination was confirmed and characterized using classic methods to quantify myelin components such as myelin basic protein and lipids, results which agreed with those produced using modern methods to quantify myelin based on the physical properties of myelin membranes. Lineage tracing uncovered the underlying mechanism for the hypomyelinating phenotype: defective oligodendrocyte precursor proliferation and differentiation resulted in a failure to produce an adequate number of mature oligodendrocytes during postnatal myelinogenesis. In summary, we characterized the Polr3bΔ10 mutation and developed an animal model that recapitulates features of POLR3-HLD caused by POLR3B mutations, shedding light on disease pathogenesis, and opening the door to the development of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie A Michell-Robinson
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
- Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Kristin E N Watt
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Vladimir Grouza
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Julia Macintosh
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
- Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Maxime Pinard
- Translational Proteomics Research Unit, Montreal Clinical Research Institute, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Marius Tuznik
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Xiaoru Chen
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
- Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Lama Darbelli
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
- Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Chia-Lun Wu
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
- Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Stefanie Perrier
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
- Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Daryan Chitsaz
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Nonthué A Uccelli
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Hanwen Liu
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Timothy C Cox
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, and Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri – Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Christoph W Müller
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Timothy E Kennedy
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Benoit Coulombe
- Translational Proteomics Research Unit, Montreal Clinical Research Institute, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - David A Rudko
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Paul A Trainor
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Geneviève Bernard
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
- Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC H4A 0C7, Canada
- Department of Specialized Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, Montreal Children’s Hospital and McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
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Kennedy G, Chitsaz D, Madranges JF, Peştemalciyan M, Sadikot AF, Kennedy TE. Gel nail polish as an alternative to traditional coverslip sealants: A quick solution to a sticky situation. MethodsX 2023; 11:102256. [PMID: 37383626 PMCID: PMC10293718 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2023.102256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A widespread protocol to seal coverslips on a microscope slide for histological analysis utilizes air-drying nail polish. Nail polish is applied to glue the coverslip in place and prevent the leakage of mounting media. Air drying takes time, typically overnight, and generates an unpleasant smell. Equally familiar is the waiting game, lightly touching the polish to check its dryness, while being careful not to disrupt the coverslip, often leaving sticky spots on one's fingertips. An advantageous solution to these drawbacks is to use gel nail polish, which rapidly hardens and dries by being cured under a LED/UV lamp. We show that UV-cured gel nail polish provides a rapid, stable, scentless, nontoxic, and cost-effective solution for coverslip sealing. Cured in 10 s, with no impact on fluorescent labels, gel polish hardens completely and the slide is ready to be imaged. Furthermore, we show that gel nail polish can be used to generate 3D ridges and structures to support coverslipping thicker samples. Gel nail polish is purposefully unscented, and the brands used in our study employ environmentally conscious, vegan, and cruelty-free ingredients. UV-cured gel nail polish is a cost-effective alternative that presents an easy, accessible, and inexpensive solution to traditional coverslip sealing methods.•Inexpensive method to rapidly seal coverslips onto a microscope slide to immediately image samples for Histological analyses.•Utilizes LED/UV light to cure gel nail polish in 10 s without bleaching fluorophores.•Can be used to generate 3D ridges and structures to support coverslipping thicker samples.
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9
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Wang S, Lévesque M, Fisher TAJ, Kennedy TE, Avoli M. CA3 principal cell activation triggers hypersynchronous-onset seizures in a mouse model of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. J Neurophysiol 2023; 130:1041-1052. [PMID: 37703488 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00244.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is the most common form of focal epilepsy and it is characterized by seizures that are often refractory to medications. Seizures in MTLE have two main patterns of onset that have been termed hypersynchronous (HYP) and low-voltage fast (LVF) and are believed to mainly depend on the activity of excitatory principal cells and inhibitory interneurons, respectively. In this study, we investigated whether unilateral open-loop optogenetic activation of CaMKII-positive principal cells in the hippocampus CA3 region favors the generation of spontaneous HYP seizures in kainic acid-treated (KA) CaMKII-ChR2 mice. Optogenetic activation of CA3 principal cells (1 Hz, 180 s ON, 220 s OFF) was implemented for 15 days after KA-induced status epilepticus. We found that both LVF and HYP seizures occurred in nonstimulated CaMKII-ChR2 (n = 6) and stimulated CaMKII-Cre (n = 5) mice. In contrast, optogenetic activation of principal cells in CaMKII-ChR2 mice (n = 5) triggered only HYP seizures that were characterized by high fast ripple (250-500 Hz) rates during the pre-ictal and ictal periods. These results provide firm evidence that in MTLE spontaneous seizures with different onset patterns depend on distinct neuronal network mechanisms of generation. They also demonstrate that HYP seizures occurring in vivo along with their associated fast ripples depend on the activity of principal cells in the CA3 region.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Previous evidence suggested that different seizure onset patterns rely on the activity of distinct neuronal populations. In this study, we show for the first time that in vivo optogenetic stimulation of CaMKII principal cells in kainic acid-treated mice triggers hypersynchronous-onset seizures that are associated with fast ripples. Our findings indicate that in patients with predominant HYP-onset seizures, anticonvulsant treatments should be aimed at limiting the firing of principal neurons in the seizure onset zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyan Wang
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maxime Lévesque
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Teddy A J Fisher
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Timothy E Kennedy
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Massimo Avoli
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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10
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Fernandes MGF, Mohammadnia A, Pernin F, Schmitz-Gielsdorf LE, Hodgins C, Cui QL, Yaqubi M, Blain M, Hall J, Dudley R, Srour M, Zandee SEJ, Klement W, Prat A, Stratton JA, Rodriguez M, Kuhlmann T, Moore W, Kennedy TE, Antel JP. Mechanisms of metabolic stress induced cell death of human oligodendrocytes: relevance for progressive multiple sclerosis. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:108. [PMID: 37408029 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01601-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte (OL) injury and loss are central features of evolving lesions in multiple sclerosis. Potential causative mechanisms of OL loss include metabolic stress within the lesion microenvironment. Here we use the injury response of primary human OLs (hOLs) to metabolic stress (reduced glucose/nutrients) in vitro to help define the basis for the in situ features of OLs in cases of MS. Under metabolic stress in vitro, we detected reduction in ATP levels per cell that precede changes in survival. Autophagy was initially activated, although ATP levels were not altered by inhibitors (chloroquine) or activators (Torin-1). Prolonged stress resulted in autophagy failure, documented by non-fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes. Consistent with our in vitro results, we detected higher expression of LC3, a marker of autophagosomes in OLs, in MS lesions compared to controls. Both in vitro and in situ, we observe a reduction in nuclear size of remaining OLs. Prolonged stress resulted in increased ROS and cleavage of spectrin, a target of Ca2+-dependent proteases. Cell death was however not prevented by inhibitors of ferroptosis or MPT-driven necrosis, the regulated cell death (RCD) pathways most likely to be activated by metabolic stress. hOLs have decreased expression of VDAC1, VDAC2, and of genes regulating iron accumulation and cyclophilin. RNA sequencing analyses did not identify activation of these RCD pathways in vitro or in MS cases. We conclude that this distinct response of hOLs, including resistance to RCD, reflects the combined impact of autophagy failure, increased ROS, and calcium influx, resulting in metabolic collapse and degeneration of cellular structural integrity. Defining the basis of OL injury and death provides guidance for development of neuro-protective strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Guilherme Forestieri Fernandes
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Abdulshakour Mohammadnia
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Florian Pernin
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | | | - Caroline Hodgins
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Qiao-Ling Cui
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Moein Yaqubi
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Manon Blain
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Jeffery Hall
- Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University Health Centre, 3801 Rue University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Roy Dudley
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Myriam Srour
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Montreal Children's Hospital, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Stephanie E J Zandee
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Roger- Gaudry, 2900 Edouard Montpetit Blvd, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Wendy Klement
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Roger- Gaudry, 2900 Edouard Montpetit Blvd, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Alexandre Prat
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Roger- Gaudry, 2900 Edouard Montpetit Blvd, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Jo Anne Stratton
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Moses Rodriguez
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Foundation, 1216 2nd St SW, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Tanja Kuhlmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Wayne Moore
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Timothy E Kennedy
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Jack P Antel
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada.
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11
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Nakamura DS, Gothié JDM, Kornfeld SF, Kothary R, Kennedy TE. Expression and subcellular localization of mitochondrial docking protein, syntaphilin, in oligodendrocytes and CNS myelin sheath. Glia 2023. [PMID: 37272718 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes produce lipid-rich myelin sheaths that provide metabolic support to the underlying axon and facilitate saltatory conduction. Oligodendrocyte mitochondria supply the bulk of energy and carbon-chain backbones required for lipid synthesis. The sparsity of mitochondria in the myelin sheath suggests that tight regulation of mitochondrial trafficking is crucial for their efficient distribution in the cell. In particular, retention of mitochondria at axoglial junctions would support local lipid synthesis and membrane remodeling during myelination. How mitochondrial docking in oligodendrocytes is regulated is not known. Our findings indicate that syntaphilin (SNPH), a mitochondrial docking protein that has been characterized in neurons, is expressed by oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and mature oligodendrocytes in vitro and present in the myelin sheath in vivo. We have previously reported that bath application of netrin-1 promotes the elaboration of myelin basic protein-positive membranes, and that localized presentation of a netrin-1 coated microbead results in rapid accumulation of mitochondria at the site of oligodendrocyte-bead adhesion. Here we show that netrin-1 increases the redistribution of SNPH to oligodendrocyte processes during the expansion of myelin basic protein-positive membranes and that SNPH clusters at the oligodendrocyte plasma membrane at sites of adhesion with netrin-1-coated beads where mitochondria are retained. These findings suggest roles for SNPH in oligodendrocytes regulating netrin-1-mediated mitochondrial docking and myelin membrane expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane S Nakamura
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-David M Gothié
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Samantha F Kornfeld
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rashmi Kothary
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timothy E Kennedy
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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12
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Antel JP, Kennedy TE, Kuhlmann T. Seeking neuroprotection in multiple sclerosis: an ongoing challenge. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:168595. [PMID: 37009896 PMCID: PMC10065069 DOI: 10.1172/jci168595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the CNS, featuring inflammation and demyelination with variable recovery. In this issue of the JCI, Kapell, Fazio, and authors address the potential for targeting neuron-oligodendrocyte potassium shuttling at the nodes of Ranvier as a neuroprotective strategy during inflammatory demyelination of the CNS in experimental MS. Their extensive and impressive study could serve as a template for defining the physiologic properties of a putative protective pathway. The authors examined MS features in existent disease models, investigated the impact of pharmacologic intervention, and evaluated its status in tissues from patients with MS. We await future studies that will tackle the challenge of translating these findings into a clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack P Antel
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Tanja Kuhlmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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13
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Macintosh J, Michell-Robinson MA, Chen X, Chitsaz D, Kennedy TE, Bernard G. An optimized and validated protocol for the purification of PDGFRα+ oligodendrocyte precursor cells from mouse brain tissue via immunopanning. MethodsX 2023; 10:102051. [PMID: 36814689 PMCID: PMC9939712 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2023.102051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunopanning is an efficient and reliable method for isolating primary cells from rodent brain tissue, making it a valuable tool for researchers interested in in vitro glial models. Here, we present an immunopanning protocol optimized for the isolation of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Alpha positive (PDGFRα+) oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) from mouse brain tissue that results in a high yield of pure OPCs from minimal quantities of starting tissue.•The protocol presented here is optimized for a PDGFRα-dependent selection of mouse OPCs using a commercial antibody, accounting for the relatively weaker adhesion of OPCs to the anti-PDGFRα plate as compared to other oligodendrocyte lineage markers (e.g., MOG).•A modified papain digestion step, with 95% O2/5% CO2 gas that is humidified prior to perfusion, significantly enhances the yield of dissociated cells and final yield of OPCs.•Isolating OPCs at the PDGFRα+ stage permits the expansion of cells in culture, facilitating studies using transgenic mice, and enables studies on the development of the oligodendrocyte lineage without the spatial and temporal complexity of in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Macintosh
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mackenzie A. Michell-Robinson
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Xiaoru Chen
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daryan Chitsaz
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Timothy E. Kennedy
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Geneviève Bernard
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Department Specialized Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Corresponding author.
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14
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Inserra A, Campanale A, Cheishvili D, Dymov S, Wong A, Marcal N, Syme RA, Taylor L, De Gregorio D, Kennedy TE, Szyf M, Gobbi G. Modulation of DNA methylation and protein expression in the prefrontal cortex by repeated administration of D-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD): Impact on neurotropic, neurotrophic, and neuroplasticity signaling. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 119:110594. [PMID: 35777526 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM Psychedelic compounds elicit relief from mental disorders. However, the underpinnings of therapeutic improvement remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effects of repeated lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) on whole-genome DNA methylation and protein expression in the mouse prefrontal cortex (PFC). METHODS Whole genome bisulphite sequencing (WGBS) and proteomics profiling of the mouse prefrontal cortex (PFC) were performed to assess DNA methylation and protein expression changes following 7 days of repeated LSD administration (30 μg/kg/day); a treatment we previously found to potentiate excitatory neurotransmission and to increase dendritic spine density in the PFC in mice. qRT-PCR was employed to validate candidate genes detected in both analyses. RESULTS LSD significantly modulated DNA methylation in 635 CpG sites of the mouse PFC, and in an independent cohort the expression level of 178 proteins. Gene signaling pathways affected are involved in nervous system development, axon guidance, synaptic plasticity, quantity and cell viability of neurons and protein translation. Four genes and their protein product were detected as differentially methylated and expressed, and their transcription was increased. Specifically, Coronin 7 (Coro7), an axon guidance cue; Penta-EF-Hand Domain Containing 1 (Pef1), an mTORC1 and cell cycle modulator; Ribosomal Protein S24 (Rps24), required for pre-rRNA maturation and biogenesis of proteins involved with cell proliferation and migration, and Abhydrolase Domain Containing 6, Acylglycerol Lipase (Abhd6), a post-synaptic lipase. CONCLUSIONS LSD affects DNA methylation, altering gene expression and protein expression related to neurotropic-, neurotrophic- and neuroplasticity signaling. This could represent a core mechanism mediating the effects of psychedelics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Inserra
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Antonella Campanale
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - David Cheishvili
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; HKG Epitherapeutics, Hong Kong
| | - Sergiy Dymov
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Amy Wong
- Proteomics Platform, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nathalie Marcal
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Lorne Taylor
- Proteomics Platform, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Danilo De Gregorio
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Timothy E Kennedy
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Moshe Szyf
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gabriella Gobbi
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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15
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Rastegar-Pouyani S, Kennedy TE, Kania A. Somatotopy of Mouse Spinothalamic Innervation and the Localization of a Noxious Stimulus Requires Deleted in Colorectal Carcinoma Expression by Phox2a Neurons. J Neurosci 2022; 42:7885-7899. [PMID: 36028316 PMCID: PMC9617615 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1164-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Anterolateral system (AS) neurons transmit pain signals from the spinal cord to the brain. Their morphology, anatomy, and physiological properties have been extensively characterized and suggest that specific AS neurons and their brain targets are concerned with the discriminatory aspects of noxious stimuli, such as their location or intensity, and their motivational/emotive dimension. Among the recently unraveled molecular markers of AS neurons is the developmentally expressed transcription factor Phox2a, providing us with the opportunity to selectively disrupt the embryonic wiring of AS neurons to gain insights into the logic of their adult function. As mice with a spinal-cord-specific loss of the netrin-1 receptor deleted in colorectal carcinoma (DCC) have increased AS neuron innervation of ipsilateral brain targets and defective noxious stimulus localization or topognosis, we generated mice of either sex carrying a deletion of Dcc in Phox2a neurons. Such DccPhox2a mice displayed impaired topognosis along the rostrocaudal axis but with little effect on left-right discrimination and normal aversive responses. Anatomical tracing experiments in DccPhox2a mice revealed defective targeting of cervical and lumbar AS axons within the thalamus. Furthermore, genetic labeling of AS axons revealed their expression of DCC on their arrival in the brain, at a time when many of their target neurons are being born and express Ntn1 Our experiments suggest a postcommissural crossing function for netrin-1:DCC signaling during the formation of somatotopically ordered maps and are consistent with a discriminatory function of some of the Phox2a AS neurons.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT How nociceptive (pain) signals are relayed from the body to the brain remains an important question relevant to our understanding of the basic physiology of pain perception. Previous studies have demonstrated that the AS is a main effector of this function. It is composed of AS neurons located in the spinal cord that receive signals from nociceptive sensory neurons that detect noxious stimuli. In this study, we generate a genetic miswiring of mouse AS neurons that results in a decreased ability to perceive the location of a painful stimulus. The precise nature of this defect sheds light on the function of different kinds of AS neurons and how pain information may be organized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Rastegar-Pouyani
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal Québec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Timothy E Kennedy
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal Québec H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal Quebéc H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Artur Kania
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal Québec H3A 2B4, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal Québec H3A 2B2, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal QC H3A 0C7, Canada
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16
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Yaqubi M, Luo JXX, Baig S, Cui QL, Petrecca K, Desu H, Larochelle C, Afanasiev E, Hall JA, Dudley R, Srour M, Haglund L, Ouellet J, Georgiopoulos M, Santaguida C, Sonnen JA, Healy LM, Stratton JA, Kennedy TE, Antel JP. Regional and age-related diversity of human mature oligodendrocytes. Glia 2022; 70:1938-1949. [PMID: 35735919 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Morphological and emerging molecular studies have provided evidence for heterogeneity within the oligodendrocyte population. To address the regional and age-related heterogeneity of human mature oligodendrocytes (MOLs) we applied single-cell RNA sequencing to cells isolated from cortical/subcortical, subventricular zone brain tissue samples, and thoracolumbar spinal cord samples. Unsupervised clustering of cells identified transcriptionally distinct MOL subpopulations across regions. Spinal cord MOLs, but not microglia, exhibited cell-type-specific upregulation of immune-related markers compared to the other adult regions. SVZ MOLs showed an upregulation of select number of development-linked transcription factors compared to other regions; however, pseudotime trajectory analyses did not identify a global developmental difference. Age-related analysis of cortical/subcortical samples indicated that pediatric MOLs, especially from under age 5, retain higher expression of genes linked to development and to immune activity with pseudotime analysis favoring a distinct developmental stage. Our regional and age-related studies indicate heterogeneity of MOL populations in the human CNS that may reflect developmental and environmental influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moein Yaqubi
- Neuro-immunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Julia Xiao Xuan Luo
- Neuro-immunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Salma Baig
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Qiao-Ling Cui
- Neuro-immunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Kevin Petrecca
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Haritha Desu
- Department of Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université deMontréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Catherine Larochelle
- Department of Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université deMontréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Elia Afanasiev
- Neuro-immunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jeffery A Hall
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Roy Dudley
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Myriam Srour
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Lisbet Haglund
- The Orthopedic Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jean Ouellet
- The Orthopedic Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,McGill Scoliosis and Spine Group, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Miltiadis Georgiopoulos
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,The Orthopedic Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Carlo Santaguida
- McGill Scoliosis and Spine Group, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Joshua A Sonnen
- Departments of Pathology, Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Luke M Healy
- Neuro-immunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jo Anne Stratton
- Neuro-immunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Timothy E Kennedy
- Neuro-immunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jack P Antel
- Neuro-immunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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17
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Pernin F, Luo J, Cui QL, Blain M, Fernandes MGF, Yaqubi M, Srour M, Hall J, Dudley R, Jamann H, Larochelle C, Zandee SEJ, Prat A, Stratton JA, Kennedy TE, Antel JP. Diverse injury responses of human oligodendrocyte to mediators implicated in multiple sclerosis. Brain 2022; 145:4320-4333. [PMID: 35202462 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Early multiple sclerosis lesions feature relative preservation of oligodendrocyte cell bodies with dying back retraction of their myelinating processes. Cell loss occurs with disease progression. Putative injury mediators include metabolic stress (low glucose/nutrient), pro-inflammatory mediators (interferon γ and tumor necrosis factor α), and excitotoxins (glutamate). Our objective was to compare the impact of these disease relevant mediators on the injury responses of human mature oligodendrocytes. In the current study, we determined the effects of these mediators on process extension and survival of human brain derived mature oligodendrocytes in vitro and used bulk RNA sequencing to identify distinct effector mechanisms that underlie the responses. All mediators induced significant process retraction of the oligodendrocytes in dissociated cell culture. Only metabolic stress (low glucose/nutrient) conditions resulted in delayed (4-6 days) non-apoptotic cell death. Metabolic effects were associated with induction of the integrated stress response, which can be protective or contribute to cell injury dependent on its level and duration of activation. Addition of Sephin1, an agonist of the integrated stress response induced process retraction under control conditions and further enhanced retraction under metabolic stress conditions. The antagonist ISRIB restored process outgrowth under stress conditions, and if added to already stressed cells, reduced delayed cell death and prolonged the period in which recovery could occur. Inflammatory cytokine functional effects were associated with activation of multiple signaling pathways (including Jak/Stat-1) that regulate process outgrowth, without integrated stress response induction. Glutamate application produced limited transcriptional changes suggesting a contribution of effects directly on cell processes. Our comparative studies indicate the need to consider both the specific injury mediators and the distinct cellular mechanisms of responses to them by human oligodendrocytes to identify effective neuroprotective therapies for multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Pernin
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill; H3A 2B4, Montreal, Canada
| | - Julia Luo
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill; H3A 2B4, Montreal, Canada
| | - Qiao-Ling Cui
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill; H3A 2B4, Montreal, Canada
| | - Manon Blain
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill; H3A 2B4, Montreal, Canada
| | - Milton G F Fernandes
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill; H3A 2B4, Montreal, Canada
| | - Moein Yaqubi
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill; H3A 2B4, Montreal, Canada
| | - Myriam Srour
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Montreal Children's Hospital; H4A 3J1, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jeff Hall
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGill University Health Centre and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University; H4A 3J1, Montreal, Canada
| | - Roy Dudley
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Montreal Children's Hospital; H4A 3J1, Montreal, Canada
| | - Hélène Jamann
- Department of Neurology, University of Montreal; H3A 2B4, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Stephanie E J Zandee
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Alexandre Prat
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jo Anne Stratton
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill; H3A 2B4, Montreal, Canada
| | - Timothy E Kennedy
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill; H3A 2B4, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jack P Antel
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill; H3A 2B4, Montreal, Canada
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18
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Lo PS, Rymar VV, Kennedy TE, Sadikot AF. The Netrin-1 Receptor DCC Promotes the Survival of a Subpopulation of Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons: Relevance for Ageing and Parkinson's Disease. J Neurochem 2022; 161:254-265. [PMID: 35118677 PMCID: PMC9305203 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms that determine the survival of midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons in the adult central nervous system (CNS) are not fully understood. Netrins are a family of secreted proteins that are essential for normal neural development. In the mature CNS, mDA neurons express particularly high levels of netrin‐1 and its receptor Deleted in Colorectal Cancer (DCC). Recent findings indicate that overexpressing netrin‐1 protects mDA neurons in animal models of Parkinson’s disease (PD), with a proposed pro‐apoptotic dependence function for DCC that triggers cell death in the absence of a ligand. Here, we sought to determine if DCC expression influences mDA neuron survival in young adult and ageing mice. To circumvent the perinatal lethality of DCC null mice, we selectively deleted DCC from mDA neurons utilizing DATcre/loxP gene‐targeting and examined neuronal survival in adult and aged animals. Reduced numbers of mDA neurons were detected in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) of young adult DATcre/DCCfl/fl mice, with further reduction in aged DATcre/DCCfl/fl animals. In contrast to young adults, aged mice also exhibited a gene dosage effect, with fewer SNc mDA neurons in DCC heterozygotes (DATcre/DCCfl/wt). Notably, loss of mDA neurons in the SN was not uniform. Neuronal loss in the SN was limited to ventral tier mDA neurons, while mDA neurons in the dorsal tier of the SN, which resist degeneration in PD, were spared from the effect of DCC deletion in both young and aged mice. In the ventral tegmental area (VTA), young adult mice with conditional deletion of DCC had normal mDA neuronal numbers, while significant loss occurred in aged DATcre/DCCfl/fl and DATcre/DCCfl/wt mice compared to age‐matched wild‐type mice. Our results indicate that expression of DCC is required for the survival of subpopulations of mDA neurons and may be relevant to the degenerative processes in PD.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Pik-Shan Lo
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Qc, Canada.,Cone Laboratory, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vladimir V Rymar
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Qc, Canada.,Cone Laboratory, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Timothy E Kennedy
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Qc, Canada
| | - Abbas F Sadikot
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Qc, Canada.,Cone Laboratory, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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19
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Thiry L, Clément JP, Haag R, Kennedy TE, Stifani S. Optimization of Long-Term Human iPSC-Derived Spinal Motor Neuron Culture Using a Dendritic Polyglycerol Amine-Based Substrate. ASN Neuro 2022; 14:17590914211073381. [PMID: 35023784 PMCID: PMC8784909 DOI: 10.1177/17590914211073381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) derived from healthy and diseased individuals can give rise to many cell types, facilitating the study of mechanisms of development, human disease modeling, and early drug target validation. In this context, experimental model systems based on hiPSC-derived motor neurons (MNs) have been used to study MN diseases such as spinal muscular atrophy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Modeling MN disease using hiPSC-based approaches requires culture conditions that can recapitulate in a dish the events underlying differentiation, maturation, aging, and death of MNs. Current hiPSC-derived MN-based applications are often hampered by limitations in our ability to monitor MN morphology, survival, and other functional properties over a prolonged timeframe, underscoring the need for improved long-term culture conditions. Here we describe a cytocompatible dendritic polyglycerol amine (dPGA) substrate-based method for prolonged culture of hiPSC-derived MNs. We provide evidence that MNs cultured on dPGA-coated dishes are more amenable to long-term study of cell viability, molecular identity, and spontaneous network electrophysiological activity. The present study has the potential to improve hiPSC-based studies of human MN biology and disease.We describe the use of a new coating substrate providing improved conditions for long-term cultures of human iPSC-derived motor neurons, thus allowing evaluation of cell viability, molecular identity, spontaneous network electrophysiological activity, and single-cell RNA sequencing of mature motor neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Thiry
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Clément
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Timothy E Kennedy
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Stefano Stifani
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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20
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Clément JP, Al-Alwan L, Glasgow SD, Stolow A, Ding Y, Quevedo Melo T, Khayachi A, Liu Y, Hellmund M, Haag R, Milnerwood AJ, Grütter P, Kennedy TE. Dendritic Polyglycerol Amine: An Enhanced Substrate to Support Long-Term Neural Cell Culture. ASN Neuro 2022; 14:17590914211073276. [PMID: 35023760 PMCID: PMC8784910 DOI: 10.1177/17590914211073276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term stable cell culture is a critical tool to better understand cell function. Most adherent cell culture models require a polymer substrate coating of poly-lysine or poly-ornithine for the cells to adhere and survive. However, polypeptide-based substrates are degraded by proteolysis and it remains a challenge to maintain healthy cell cultures for extended periods of time. Here, we report the development of an enhanced cell culture substrate based on a coating of dendritic polyglycerol amine (dPGA), a non-protein macromolecular biomimetic of poly-lysine, to promote the adhesion and survival of neurons in cell culture. We show that this new polymer coating provides enhanced survival, differentiation and long-term stability for cultures of primary neurons or neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Atomic force microscopy analysis provides evidence that greater nanoscale roughness contributes to the enhanced capacity of dPGA-coated surfaces to support cells in culture. We conclude that dPGA is a cytocompatible, functionally superior, easy to use, low cost and highly stable alternative to poly-cationic polymer cell culture substrate coatings such as poly-lysine and poly-ornithine.
Summary statement
Here, we describe a novel dendritic polyglycerol amine-based substrate coating, demonstrating superior performance compared to current polymer coatings for long-term culture of primary neurons and neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Clément
- Program in Neuroengineering, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Laila Al-Alwan
- Program in Neuroengineering, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Stephen D. Glasgow
- Program in Neuroengineering, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Avya Stolow
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Thaiany Quevedo Melo
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Anouar Khayachi
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Yumin Liu
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Markus Hellmund
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Austen J Milnerwood
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Peter Grütter
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Timothy E. Kennedy
- Program in Neuroengineering, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal, Canada
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21
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Luo JXX, Cui QL, Yaqubi M, Hall JA, Dudley R, Srour M, Addour N, Jamann H, Larochelle C, Blain M, Healy LM, Stratton JA, Sonnen JA, Kennedy TE, Antel JP. Human oligodendrocyte myelination potential; relation to age and differentiation. Ann Neurol 2021; 91:178-191. [PMID: 34952986 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Myelin regeneration in the human central nervous system relies on progenitor cells within the tissue parenchyma, with possible contribution from previously myelinating oligodendrocytes. In multiple sclerosis, a demyelinating disorder, variables affecting remyelination efficiency include age, severity of initial injury, and progenitor cell properties. Our aim was to investigate the effects of age and differentiation on the myelination potential of human oligodendrocyte lineage cells. METHODS We derived viable primary oligodendrocyte lineage cells from surgical resections of pediatric and adult brain tissue. Ensheathment capacity using nanofiber assays and transcriptomic profiles from RNA sequencing were compared between A2B5+ antibody-selected progenitors and mature oligodendrocytes (non-selected cells). RESULTS We demonstrate that pediatric progenitor and mature cells ensheathed nanofibers more robustly than did adult progenitor and mature cells respectively. Within both age groups, the percentage of fibers ensheathed and ensheathment length per fiber were greater for A2B5+ progenitors. Gene expression of oligodendrocyte progenitor markers PDGFRA and PTPRZ1 were higher in A2B5+ vs A2B5- cells and in pediatric A2B5+ vs adult A2B5+ cells. p38 MAP kinases and actin cytoskeleton-associated pathways were upregulated in pediatric cells; both have been shown to regulate OL process outgrowth. Significant upregulation of "cell senescence" genes was detected in pediatric samples; this could reflect their role in development and the increased susceptibility of pediatric oligodendrocytes to activating cell death responses to stress. INTERPRETATION Our findings identify specific biological pathways relevant to myelination that are differentially enriched in human pediatric and adult oligodendrocyte lineage cells and suggest potential targets for remyelination enhancing therapies. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Xiao Xuan Luo
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Qiao-Ling Cui
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Moein Yaqubi
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Jeffery A Hall
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGill University Health Centre and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Roy Dudley
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Myriam Srour
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Nassima Addour
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Hélène Jamann
- Department of Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Catherine Larochelle
- Department of Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Manon Blain
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Luke M Healy
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Jo Anne Stratton
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Joshua A Sonnen
- Department of Neuropathology, Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Timothy E Kennedy
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Jack P Antel
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
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22
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Moussa S, Rosini E, Chitsaz D, Pollegioni L, Kennedy TE, Mauzeroll J. High-Throughput Strategy for Glycine Oxidase Biosensor Development Reveals Glycine Release from Cultured Cells. Anal Chem 2021; 93:16504-16511. [PMID: 34843206 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glycine is an important biomarker in clinical analysis due to its involvement in multiple physiological processes. As such, the need for low-cost analytical tools for glycine detection is growing. As a neurotransmitter, glycine is involved in inhibitory and excitatory neurochemical transmission in the central nervous system. In this work, we present a 10 μM Pt-based electrochemical enzymatic biosensor based on the flavoenzyme glycine oxidase (GO) for localized real-time measurements of glycine. Among GO variants at position 244, the H244K variant with increased glycine turnover was selected to develop a functional biosensor. This biosensor relies on amperometric readouts and does not require additional redox mediators. The biosensor was characterized and applied for glycine detection from cells, mainly HEK 293 cells and primary rat astrocytes. We have identified an enzyme, GO H244K, with increased glycine turnover using mutagenesis but which can be developed into a functional biosensor. Noteworthy, a glycine release of 395.7 ± 123 μM from primary astrocytes was measured, which is ∼fivefold higher than glycine release from HEK 293 cells (75.4 ± 3.91 μM) using the GO H244K biosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siba Moussa
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Elena Rosini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Università degli studi deII'Insubria, via J. H. Dunant 3, Varese 21100, Italy
| | - Daryan Chitsaz
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, 1033 Pine Ave. W., Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Loredano Pollegioni
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Università degli studi deII'Insubria, via J. H. Dunant 3, Varese 21100, Italy
| | - Timothy E Kennedy
- McGill Program in Neuroengineering, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Janine Mauzeroll
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane S Nakamura
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Timothy E Kennedy
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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24
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Mozafari S, Starost L, Manot-Saillet B, Garcia-Diaz B, Xu YKT, Roussel D, Levy MJF, Ottoboni L, Kim KP, Schöler HR, Kennedy TE, Antel JP, Martino G, Angulo MC, Kuhlmann T, Baron-Van Evercooren A. Multiple sclerosis iPS-derived oligodendroglia conserve their properties to functionally interact with axons and glia in vivo. Sci Adv 2020; 6:6/49/eabc6983. [PMID: 33277253 PMCID: PMC7821889 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc6983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Remyelination failure in multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with a migration/differentiation block of oligodendroglia. The reason for this block is highly debated. It could result from disease-related extrinsic or intrinsic regulators in oligodendroglial biology. To avoid confounding immune-mediated extrinsic effect, we used an immune-deficient mouse model to compare induced pluripotent stem cell-derived oligodendroglia from MS and healthy donors following engraftment in the developing CNS. We show that the MS-progeny behaves and differentiates into oligodendrocytes to the same extent as controls. They generate equal amounts of myelin, with bona fide nodes of Ranvier, and promote equal restoration of their host slow conduction. MS-progeny expressed oligodendrocyte- and astrocyte-specific connexins and established functional connections with donor and host glia. Thus, MS oligodendroglia, regardless of major immune manipulators, are intrinsically capable of myelination and making functional axo-glia/glia-glia connections, reinforcing the view that the MS oligodendrocyte differentiation block is not from major intrinsic oligodendroglial deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabah Mozafari
- INSERM, U1127, F-75013 Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7225, F-75013 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université UPMC Paris 06, UM-75, F-75005, Paris, France
- ICM-GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Laura Starost
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Blandine Manot-Saillet
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM, Université de Paris, U1266, F-75014 Paris, France
- GHU PARIS Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - Beatriz Garcia-Diaz
- INSERM, U1127, F-75013 Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7225, F-75013 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université UPMC Paris 06, UM-75, F-75005, Paris, France
- ICM-GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Yu Kang T Xu
- McGill Program in Neuroengineering, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Delphine Roussel
- INSERM, U1127, F-75013 Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7225, F-75013 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université UPMC Paris 06, UM-75, F-75005, Paris, France
- ICM-GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Marion J F Levy
- INSERM, U1127, F-75013 Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7225, F-75013 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université UPMC Paris 06, UM-75, F-75005, Paris, France
- ICM-GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Linda Ottoboni
- Institute of Experimental Neurology-DIBIT 2, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital and Vita San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Kee-Pyo Kim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hans R Schöler
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Timothy E Kennedy
- McGill Program in Neuroengineering, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Jack P Antel
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gianvito Martino
- Institute of Experimental Neurology-DIBIT 2, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital and Vita San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Cecilia Angulo
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM, Université de Paris, U1266, F-75014 Paris, France
- GHU PARIS Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - Tanja Kuhlmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Anne Baron-Van Evercooren
- INSERM, U1127, F-75013 Paris, France.
- CNRS, UMR 7225, F-75013 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université UPMC Paris 06, UM-75, F-75005, Paris, France
- ICM-GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75013, Paris, France
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25
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Nakamura DS, Lin YH, Khan D, Gothié JDM, de Faria O, Dixon JA, McBride HM, Antel JP, Kennedy TE. Mitochondrial dynamics and bioenergetics regulated by netrin-1 in oligodendrocytes. Glia 2020; 69:392-412. [PMID: 32910475 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that produce energy and molecular precursors that are essential for myelin synthesis. Unlike in neurons, mitochondria in oligodendrocytes increase intracellular movement in response to glutamatergic activation and are more susceptible to oxidative stress than in astrocytes or microglia. The signaling pathways that regulate these cell type-specific mitochondrial responses in oligodendrocytes are not understood. Here, we visualized mitochondria migrating through thin cytoplasmic channels crossing myelin basic protein-positive compacted membranes and localized within paranodal loop cytoplasm. We hypothesized that local extracellular enrichment of netrin-1 might regulate the recruitment and function of paranodal proteins and organelles, including mitochondria. We identified rapid recruitment of mitochondria and paranodal proteins, including neurofascin 155 (NF155) and the netrin receptor deleted in colorectal carcinoma (DCC), to sites of contact between oligodendrocytes and netrin-1-coated microbeads in vitro. We provide evidence that Src-family kinase activation and Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibition downstream of netrin-1 induces mitochondrial elongation, hyperpolarization of the mitochondrial inner membrane, and increases glycolysis. Our findings identify a signaling mechanism in oligodendrocytes that is sufficient to locally recruit paranodal proteins and regulate the subcellular localization, morphology, and function of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane S Nakamura
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yun Hsuan Lin
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Damla Khan
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-David M Gothié
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Omar de Faria
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - James A Dixon
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Heidi M McBride
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jack P Antel
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Timothy E Kennedy
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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26
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Cui QL, Lin YH, Xu YKT, Fernandes MGF, Rao VTS, Kennedy TE, Antel J. Effects of Biotin on survival, ensheathment, and ATP production by oligodendrocyte lineage cells in vitro. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233859. [PMID: 32470040 PMCID: PMC7259710 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms implicated in disease progression in multiple sclerosis include continued oligodendrocyte (OL)/myelin injury and failure of myelin repair. Underlying causes include metabolic stress with resultant energy deficiency. Biotin is a cofactor for carboxylases involved in ATP production that impact myelin production by promoting fatty acid synthesis. Here, we investigate the effects of high dose Biotin (MD1003) on the functional properties of post-natal rat derived oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). A2B5 positive OPCs were assessed using an in vitro injury assay, culturing cells in either DFM (DMEM/F12+N1) or “stress media” (no glucose (NG)-DMEM), with Biotin added over a range from 2.5 to 250 μg/ml, and cell viability determined after 24 hrs. Biotin reduced the increase in OPC cell death in the NG condition. In nanofiber myelination assays, biotin increased the percentage of ensheathing cells, the number of ensheathed segments per cell, and length of ensheathed segments. In dispersed cell culture, Biotin also significantly increased ATP production, assessed using a Seahorse bio-analyzer. For most assays, the positive effects of Biotin were observed at the higher end of the dose-response analysis. We conclude that Biotin, in vitro, protects OL lineage cells from metabolic injury, enhances myelin-like ensheathment, and is associated with increased ATP production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Ling Cui
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yun Hsuan Lin
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yu Kang T. Xu
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Timothy E. Kennedy
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jack Antel
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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27
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Glasgow SD, Wong EW, Thompson-Steckel G, Marcal N, Séguéla P, Ruthazer ES, Kennedy TE. Pre- and post-synaptic roles for DCC in memory consolidation in the adult mouse hippocampus. Mol Brain 2020; 13:56. [PMID: 32264905 PMCID: PMC7137442 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-00597-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) and its ligand netrin-1 are essential for axon guidance during development and are expressed by neurons in the mature brain. Netrin-1 recruits GluA1-containing α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs) and is critical for long-term potentiation (LTP) at CA3-CA1 hippocampal Schaffer collateral synapses, while conditional DCC deletion from glutamatergic neurons impairs hippocampal-dependent spatial memory and severely disrupts LTP induction. DCC co-fractionates with the detergent-resistant component of postsynaptic density, yet is enriched in axonal growth cones that differentiate into presynaptic terminals during development. Specific presynaptic and postsynaptic contributions of DCC to the function of mature neural circuits have yet to be identified. Employing hippocampal subregion-specific conditional deletion of DCC, we show that DCC loss from CA1 hippocampal pyramidal neurons resulted in deficits in spatial memory, increased resting membrane potential, abnormal dendritic spine morphology, weaker spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic activity, and reduced levels of postsynaptic adaptor and signaling proteins; however, the capacity to induce LTP remained intact. In contrast, deletion of DCC from CA3 neurons did not induce detectable changes in the intrinsic electrophysiological properties of CA1 pyramidal neurons, but impaired performance on the novel object place recognition task as well as compromised excitatory synaptic transmission and LTP at Schaffer collateral synapses. Together, these findings reveal specific pre- and post-synaptic contributions of DCC to hippocampal synaptic plasticity underlying spatial memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D Glasgow
- Montréal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montréal, Québec, H3A 2B4, Canada.,NSERC CREATE Neuroengineering Training Program, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Edwin W Wong
- Montréal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montréal, Québec, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Greta Thompson-Steckel
- Montréal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montréal, Québec, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Nathalie Marcal
- Montréal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montréal, Québec, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Philippe Séguéla
- Montréal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montréal, Québec, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Edward S Ruthazer
- Montréal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montréal, Québec, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Timothy E Kennedy
- Montréal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 Rue University, Montréal, Québec, H3A 2B4, Canada. .,NSERC CREATE Neuroengineering Training Program, McGill University, Montréal, Canada. .,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, 3640 Rue University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C7, Canada.
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28
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Glasgow SD, Ruthazer ES, Kennedy TE. Guiding synaptic plasticity: Novel roles for netrin-1 in synaptic plasticity and memory formation in the adult brain. J Physiol 2020; 599:493-505. [PMID: 32017127 DOI: 10.1113/jp278704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult neural plasticity engages mechanisms that change synapse structure and function, yet many of the underlying events bear a striking similarity to processes that occur during the initial establishment of neural circuits during development. It is a long-standing hypothesis that the molecular mechanisms critical for neural development may also regulate synaptic plasticity related to learning and memory in adults. Netrins were initially described as chemoattractant guidance cues that direct cell and axon migration during embryonic development, yet they continue to be expressed by neurons in the adult brain. Recent findings have identified roles for netrin-1 in synaptogenesis during postnatal maturation, and in synaptic plasticity in the adult mammalian brain, regulating AMPA glutamate receptor trafficking at excitatory synapses. These findings provide an example of a conserved developmental guidance cue that is expressed by neurons in the adult brain and functions as a key regulator of activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. Notably, in humans, genetic polymorphisms in netrin-1 and its receptors have been linked to neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. The molecular mechanisms associated with the synaptic function of netrin-1 therefore present new therapeutic targets for neuropathologies associated with memory dysfunction. Here, we summarize recent findings that link netrin-1 signalling to synaptic plasticity, and discuss the implications of these discoveries for the neurobiological basis of memory consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D Glasgow
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Edward S Ruthazer
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Timothy E Kennedy
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C7, Canada
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29
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Perlman K, Couturier CP, Yaqubi M, Tanti A, Cui QL, Pernin F, Stratton JA, Ragoussis J, Healy L, Petrecca K, Dudley R, Srour M, Hall JA, Kennedy TE, Mechawar N, Antel JP. Developmental trajectory of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in the human brain revealed by single cell RNA sequencing. Glia 2020; 68:1291-1303. [PMID: 31958186 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Characterizing the developmental trajectory of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPC) is of great interest given the importance of these cells in the remyelination process. However, studies of human OPC development remain limited by the availability of whole cell samples and material that encompasses a wide age range, including time of peak myelination. In this study, we apply single cell RNA sequencing to viable whole cells across the age span and link transcriptomic signatures of oligodendrocyte-lineage cells with stage-specific functional properties. Cells were isolated from surgical tissue samples of second-trimester fetal, 2-year-old pediatric, 13-year-old adolescent, and adult donors by mechanical and enzymatic digestion, followed by percoll gradient centrifugation. Gene expression was analyzed using droplet-based RNA sequencing (10X Chromium). Louvain clustering analysis identified three distinct cellular subpopulations based on 5,613 genes, comprised of an early OPC (e-OPC) group, a late OPC group (l-OPC), and a mature OL (MOL) group. Gene ontology terms enriched for e-OPCs included cell cycle and development, for l-OPCs included extracellular matrix and cell adhesion, and for MOLs included myelination and cytoskeleton. The e-OPCs were mostly confined to the premyelinating fetal group, and the l-OPCs were most highly represented in the pediatric age group, corresponding to the peak age of myelination. Cells expressing a signature characteristic of l-OPCs were identified in the adult brain in situ using RNAScope. These findings highlight the transcriptomic variability in OL-lineage cells before, during, and after peak myelination and contribute to identifying novel pathways required to achieve remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Perlman
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Charles P Couturier
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Moein Yaqubi
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Arnaud Tanti
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Qiao-Ling Cui
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Florian Pernin
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jo Anne Stratton
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jiannis Ragoussis
- Department of Human Genetics and Bioengineering, McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Luke Healy
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Kevin Petrecca
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Roy Dudley
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Myriam Srour
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jeffrey A Hall
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Timothy E Kennedy
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Naguib Mechawar
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jack P Antel
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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30
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Dlamini M, Kennedy TE, Juncker D. Combinatorial nanodot stripe assay to systematically study cell haptotaxis. Microsyst Nanoeng 2020; 6:114. [PMID: 33365138 PMCID: PMC7735170 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-020-00223-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Haptotaxis is critical to cell guidance and development and has been studied in vitro using either gradients or stripe assays that present a binary choice between full and zero coverage of a protein cue. However, stripes offer only a choice between extremes, while for gradients, cell receptor saturation, migration history, and directional persistence confound the interpretation of cellular responses. Here, we introduce nanodot stripe assays (NSAs) formed by adjacent stripes of nanodot arrays with different surface coverage. Twenty-one pairwise combinations were designed using 0, 1, 3, 10, 30, 44 and 100% stripes and were patterned with 200 × 200, 400 × 400 or 800 × 800 nm2 nanodots. We studied the migration choices of C2C12 myoblasts that express neogenin on NSAs (and three-step gradients) of netrin-1. The reference surface between the nanodots was backfilled with a mixture of polyethylene glycol and poly-d-lysine to minimize nonspecific cell response. Unexpectedly, cell response was independent of nanodot size. Relative to a 0% stripe, cells increasingly chose the high-density stripe with up to ~90% of cells on stripes with 10% coverage and higher. Cell preference for higher vs. lower netrin-1 coverage was observed only for coverage ratios >2.3, with cell preference plateauing at ~80% for ratios ≥4. The combinatorial NSA enables quantitative studies of cell haptotaxis over the full range of surface coverages and ratios and provides a means to elucidate haptotactic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mcolisi Dlamini
- Biomedical Engineering Department, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4 Canada
- McGill Genome Centre, 740 Dr. Penfield Avenue, Montréal, QC H3A 0G1 Canada
- McGill Program in Neuroengineering, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Timothy E. Kennedy
- McGill Program in Neuroengineering, Montréal, QC Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4 Canada
| | - David Juncker
- Biomedical Engineering Department, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4 Canada
- McGill Genome Centre, 740 Dr. Penfield Avenue, Montréal, QC H3A 0G1 Canada
- McGill Program in Neuroengineering, Montréal, QC Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4 Canada
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31
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Glasgow SD, McPhedrain R, Madranges JF, Kennedy TE, Ruthazer ES. Approaches and Limitations in the Investigation of Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2019; 11:20. [PMID: 31396073 PMCID: PMC6667546 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2019.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The numbers and strengths of synapses in the brain change throughout development, and even into adulthood, as synaptic inputs are added, eliminated, and refined in response to ongoing neural activity. A number of experimental techniques can assess these changes, including single-cell electrophysiological recording which offers measurements of synaptic inputs with high temporal resolution. Coupled with electrical stimulation, photoactivatable opsins, and caged compounds, to facilitate fine spatiotemporal control over release of neurotransmitters, electrophysiological recordings allow for precise dissection of presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms of action. Here, we discuss the strengths and pitfalls of various techniques commonly used to analyze synapses, including miniature excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) postsynaptic currents, evoked release, and optogenetic stimulation. Together, these techniques can provide multiple lines of convergent evidence to generate meaningful insight into the emergence of circuit connectivity and maturation. A full understanding of potential caveats and alternative explanations for findings is essential to avoid data misinterpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Edward S. Ruthazer
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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32
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Landry MJ, Gu K, Harris SN, Al‐Alwan L, Gutsin L, Biasio D, Jiang B, Nakamura DS, Corkery TC, Kennedy TE, Barrett CJ. Tunable Engineered Extracellular Matrix Materials: Polyelectrolyte Multilayers Promote Improved Neural Cell Growth and Survival. Macromol Biosci 2019; 19:e1900036. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201900036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Landry
- McGill Program in NeuroengineeringMcGill University 3801 University Street Montreal QC H3A 2B4 Canada
- Department of ChemistryMcGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. West Montreal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Kaien Gu
- McGill Program in NeuroengineeringMcGill University 3801 University Street Montreal QC H3A 2B4 Canada
- Department of ChemistryMcGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. West Montreal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Stephanie N. Harris
- McGill Program in NeuroengineeringMcGill University 3801 University Street Montreal QC H3A 2B4 Canada
- Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMontreal Neurological InstituteMcGill University 3801 University Street Montreal QC H3A 2B4 Canada
| | - Laila Al‐Alwan
- McGill Program in NeuroengineeringMcGill University 3801 University Street Montreal QC H3A 2B4 Canada
- Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMontreal Neurological InstituteMcGill University 3801 University Street Montreal QC H3A 2B4 Canada
| | - Laura Gutsin
- McGill Program in NeuroengineeringMcGill University 3801 University Street Montreal QC H3A 2B4 Canada
- Department of ChemistryMcGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. West Montreal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Daniele Biasio
- McGill Program in NeuroengineeringMcGill University 3801 University Street Montreal QC H3A 2B4 Canada
- Department of ChemistryMcGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. West Montreal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Bernie Jiang
- McGill Program in NeuroengineeringMcGill University 3801 University Street Montreal QC H3A 2B4 Canada
- Department of ChemistryMcGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. West Montreal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Diane S. Nakamura
- McGill Program in NeuroengineeringMcGill University 3801 University Street Montreal QC H3A 2B4 Canada
- Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMontreal Neurological InstituteMcGill University 3801 University Street Montreal QC H3A 2B4 Canada
| | - T. Christopher Corkery
- McGill Program in NeuroengineeringMcGill University 3801 University Street Montreal QC H3A 2B4 Canada
| | - Timothy E. Kennedy
- McGill Program in NeuroengineeringMcGill University 3801 University Street Montreal QC H3A 2B4 Canada
- Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMontreal Neurological InstituteMcGill University 3801 University Street Montreal QC H3A 2B4 Canada
| | - Christopher J. Barrett
- McGill Program in NeuroengineeringMcGill University 3801 University Street Montreal QC H3A 2B4 Canada
- Department of ChemistryMcGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. West Montreal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
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33
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Esmonde-White C, Yaqubi M, Bilodeau PA, Cui QL, Pernin F, Larochelle C, Ghadiri M, Xu YKT, Kennedy TE, Hall J, Healy LM, Antel JP. Distinct Function-Related Molecular Profile of Adult Human A2B5-Positive Pre-Oligodendrocytes Versus Mature Oligodendrocytes. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2019; 78:468-479. [DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlz026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Moein Yaqubi
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University
| | | | - Qiao Ling Cui
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University
| | - Florian Pernin
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University
| | | | - Mahtab Ghadiri
- Department of Neurology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yu Kang T Xu
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University
| | - Timothy E Kennedy
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University
| | - Jeffery Hall
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Luke M Healy
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University
| | - Jack P Antel
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University
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34
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Xu YKT, Chitsaz D, Brown RA, Cui QL, Dabarno MA, Antel JP, Kennedy TE. Deep learning for high-throughput quantification of oligodendrocyte ensheathment at single-cell resolution. Commun Biol 2019; 2:116. [PMID: 30937398 PMCID: PMC6435748 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0356-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
High-throughput quantification of oligodendrocyte myelination is a challenge that, if addressed, would facilitate the development of therapeutics to promote myelin protection and repair. Here, we established a high-throughput method to assess oligodendrocyte ensheathment in-vitro, combining nanofiber culture devices and automated imaging with a heuristic approach that informed the development of a deep learning analytic algorithm. The heuristic approach was developed by modeling general characteristics of oligodendrocyte ensheathments, while the deep learning neural network employed a UNet architecture and a single-cell training method to associate ensheathed segments with individual oligodendrocytes. Reliable extraction of multiple morphological parameters from individual cells, without heuristic approximations, allowed the UNet to match the accuracy of expert-human measurements. The capacity of this technology to perform multi-parametric analyses at the level of individual cells, while reducing manual labor and eliminating human variability, permits the detection of nuanced cellular differences to accelerate the discovery of new insights into oligodendrocyte physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kang T. Xu
- McGill Program in Neuroengineering, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, H3A 2B4 Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Daryan Chitsaz
- McGill Program in Neuroengineering, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, H3A 2B4 Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Robert A. Brown
- McGill Program in Neuroengineering, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, H3A 2B4 Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Qiao Ling Cui
- McGill Program in Neuroengineering, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, H3A 2B4 Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Matthew A. Dabarno
- McGill Program in Neuroengineering, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, H3A 2B4 Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Jack P. Antel
- McGill Program in Neuroengineering, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, H3A 2B4 Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Timothy E. Kennedy
- McGill Program in Neuroengineering, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, H3A 2B4 Montreal, QC Canada
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35
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de Faria O, Dhaunchak AS, Kamen Y, Roth AD, Kuhlmann T, Colman DR, Kennedy TE. TMEM10 Promotes Oligodendrocyte Differentiation and is Expressed by Oligodendrocytes in Human Remyelinating Multiple Sclerosis Plaques. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3606. [PMID: 30837646 PMCID: PMC6400977 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40342-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) differentiate during postnatal development into myelin-forming oligodendrocytes, in a process distinguished by substantial changes in morphology and the onset of myelin gene expression. A mammalian-specific CNS myelin gene, tmem10, also called Opalin, encodes a type 1 transmembrane protein that is highly upregulated during early stages of OPC differentiation; however, a function for TMEM10 has not yet been identified. Here, consistent with previous studies, we detect TMEM10 protein in mouse brain beginning at ~P10 and show that protein levels continue to increase as oligodendrocytes differentiate and myelinate axons in vivo. We show that constitutive TMEM10 overexpression in the Oli-neu oligodendroglial cell line promotes the expression of the myelin-associated genes MAG, CNP and CGT, whereas TMEM10 knock down in primary OPCs reduces CNP mRNA expression and decreases the percentage of MBP-positive oligodendrocytes that differentiate in vitro. Ectopic TMEM10 expression evokes an increase in process extension and branching, and blocking endogenous TMEM10 expression results in oligodendrocytes with abnormal cell morphology. These findings may have implications for human demyelinating disorders, as oligodendrocytes expressing TMEM10 are detected in human remyelinating multiple sclerosis lesions. Together, our findings provide evidence that TMEM10 promotes oligodendrocyte terminal differentiation and may represent a novel target to promote remyelination in demyelinating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar de Faria
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University St., Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Ajit S Dhaunchak
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University St., Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Yasmine Kamen
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University St., Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Alejandro D Roth
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University St., Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada.,Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tanja Kuhlmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - David R Colman
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University St., Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Timothy E Kennedy
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University St., Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada.
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36
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Wong EW, Glasgow SD, Trigiani LJ, Chitsaz D, Rymar V, Sadikot A, Ruthazer ES, Hamel E, Kennedy TE. Spatial memory formation requires netrin-1 expression by neurons in the adult mammalian brain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 26:77-83. [PMID: 30770464 PMCID: PMC6380201 DOI: 10.1101/lm.049072.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Netrin-1 was initially characterized as an axon guidance molecule that is essential for normal embryonic neural development; however, many types of neurons continue to express netrin-1 in the postnatal and adult mammalian brain. Netrin-1 and the netrin receptor DCC are both enriched at synapses. In the adult hippocampus, activity-dependent secretion of netrin-1 by neurons potentiates glutamatergic synapse function, and is critical for long-term potentiation, an experimental cellular model of learning and memory. Here, we assessed the impact of neuronal expression of netrin-1 in the adult brain on behavior using tests of learning and memory. We show that adult mice exhibit impaired spatial memory following conditional deletion of netrin-1 from glutamatergic neurons in the hippocampus and neocortex. Further, we provide evidence that mice with conditional deletion of netrin-1 do not display aberrant anxiety-like phenotypes and show a reduction in self-grooming behavior. These findings reveal a critical role for netrin-1 expressed by neurons in the regulation of spatial memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin W Wong
- Montréal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, 3801 Rue University, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Stephen D Glasgow
- Montréal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, 3801 Rue University, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 2B4, Canada.,NSERC CREATE Neuroengineering Training Program, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Lianne J Trigiani
- Montréal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, 3801 Rue University, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Daryan Chitsaz
- Montréal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, 3801 Rue University, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Vladimir Rymar
- Montréal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, 3801 Rue University, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Abbas Sadikot
- Montréal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, 3801 Rue University, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Edward S Ruthazer
- Montréal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, 3801 Rue University, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Edith Hamel
- Montréal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, 3801 Rue University, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Timothy E Kennedy
- Montréal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, 3801 Rue University, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 2B4, Canada.,NSERC CREATE Neuroengineering Training Program, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 2B4, Canada
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Stopnicki B, Blain M, Cui QL, Kennedy TE, Antel JP, Healy LM, Darlington PJ. Helper CD4 T cells expressing granzyme B cause glial fibrillary acidic protein fragmentation in astrocytes in an MHCII-independent manner. Glia 2018; 67:582-593. [PMID: 30444064 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
During inflammatory processes of the central nervous system, helper T cells have the capacity to cross the blood-brain barrier and injure or kill neural cells through cytotoxic mechanisms. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is an intermediate filament protein that is part of the astrocyte cytoskeleton that can become fragmented in neuroinflammatory conditions. The mechanism of action by which helper T cells with cytotoxic properties injure astrocytes is not completely understood. Primary human astrocytes were obtained from fetal brain tissue. Human helper (CD4+ ) T cells were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and activated with the superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin E (SEE). Granzyme B was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and intracellular flow cytometry. GFAP fragmentation was monitored by western blotting. Cell death was monitored by lactic acid dehydrogenase release and terminal biotin-dUTP nick labeling (TUNEL). Astrocyte migration was monitored by scratch assay. Adult human oligodendrocytes were cultured with sublethally injured astrocytes to determine support function. Helper T cells activated with SEE expressed granzyme B but not perforin. Helper T cells released granzyme B upon contact with astrocytes and caused GFAP fragmentation in a caspase-dependent, MHCII-independent manner. Sublethally injured astrocytes were not apoptotic; however, their processes were thin and elongated, their migration was attenuated, and their ability to support oligodendrocytes was reduced in vitro. Helper T cells can release granzyme B causing sublethal injury to astrocytes, which compromises the supportive functions of astrocytes. Blocking these pathways may lead to improved resolution of neuroinflammatory lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Stopnicki
- Department of Exercise Science, Department of Biology, PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Manon Blain
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, and McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Neuroimmunology Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Qiao-Ling Cui
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, and McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Neuroimmunology Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Timothy E Kennedy
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, and McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jack P Antel
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, and McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Neuroimmunology Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Luke M Healy
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, and McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Neuroimmunology Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Peter J Darlington
- Department of Exercise Science, Department of Biology, PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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Abstract
The field of axon guidance was revolutionized over the past three decades by the identification of highly conserved families of guidance cues and receptors. These proteins are essential for normal neural development and function, directing cell and axon migration, neuron-glial interactions, and synapse formation and plasticity. Many of these genes are also expressed outside the nervous system in which they influence cell migration, adhesion and proliferation. Because the nervous system develops from neural epithelium, it is perhaps not surprising that these guidance cues have significant nonneural roles in governing the specialized junctional connections between cells in polarized epithelia. The following review addresses roles for ephrins, semaphorins, netrins, slits and their receptors in regulating adherens, tight, and gap junctions in nonneural epithelia and endothelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian V Beamish
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Lindsay Hinck
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064
| | - Timothy E Kennedy
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
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Glasgow SD, Labrecque S, Beamish IV, Aufmkolk S, Gibon J, Han D, Harris SN, Dufresne P, Wiseman PW, McKinney RA, Séguéla P, De Koninck P, Ruthazer ES, Kennedy TE. Activity-Dependent Netrin-1 Secretion Drives Synaptic Insertion of GluA1-Containing AMPA Receptors in the Hippocampus. Cell Rep 2018; 25:168-182.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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40
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Landry MJ, Rollet FG, Kennedy TE, Barrett CJ. Layers and Multilayers of Self-Assembled Polymers: Tunable Engineered Extracellular Matrix Coatings for Neural Cell Growth. Langmuir 2018; 34:8709-8730. [PMID: 29481757 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b04108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Growing primary cells and tissue in long-term cultures, such as primary neural cell culture, presents many challenges. A critical component of any environment that supports neural cell growth in vivo is an appropriate 2-D surface or 3-D scaffold, typically in the form of a thin polymer layer that coats an underlying plastic or glass substrate and aims to mimic critical aspects of the extracellular matrix. A fundamental challenge to mimicking a hydrophilic, soft natural cell environment is that materials with these properties are typically fragile and are difficult to adhere to and stabilize on an underlying plastic or glass cell culture substrate. In this review, we highlight the current state of the art and overview recent developments of new artificial extracellular matrix (ECM) surfaces for in vitro neural cell culture. Notably, these materials aim to strike a balance between being hydrophilic and soft while also being thick, stable, robust, and bound well to the underlying surface to provide an effective surface to support long-term cell growth. We focus on improved surface and scaffold coating systems that can mimic the natural physicochemical properties that enhance neuronal survival and growth, applied as soft hydrophilic polymer coatings for both in vitro cell culture and for implantable neural probes and 3-D matrixes that aim to enhance stability and longevity to promote neural biocompatibility in vivo. With respect to future developments, we outline four emerging principles that serve to guide the development of polymer assemblies that function well as artificial ECMs: (a) design inspired by biological systems and (b) the employment of principles of aqueous soft bonding and self-assembly to achieve (c) a high-water-content gel-like coating that is stable over time in a biological environment and possesses (d) a low modulus to more closely mimic soft, compliant real biological tissue. We then highlight two emerging classes of thick material coatings that have successfully captured these guiding principles: layer-by-layer deposited water-soluble polymers (LbL) and silk fibroin (SF) materials. Both materials can be deposited from aqueous solution yet transition to a water-insoluble coating for long-term stability while retaining a softness and water content similar to those of biological materials. These materials hold great promise as next-generation biocompatible coatings for tissue engineers and for chemists and biologists within the biomedical field.
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Antel JP, Lin YH, Cui QL, Pernin F, Kennedy TE, Ludwin SK, Healy LM. Immunology of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in vivo and in vitro. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 331:28-35. [PMID: 29566973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Remyelination following myelin/oligodendrocyte injury in the central nervous system (CNS) is dependent on oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) migrating into lesion sites, differentiating into myelinating oligodendrocytes (OLs), and ensheathing axons. Experimental models indicate that robust OPC-dependent remyelination can occur in the CNS; in contrast, histologic and imaging studies of lesions in the human disease multiple sclerosis (MS) indicate the variable extent of this response, which is particularly limited in more chronic MS lesions. Immune-mediated mechanisms can contribute either positively or negatively to the presence and functional responses of OPCs. This review addresses i) the molecular signature and functional properties of OPCs in the adult human brain; ii) the status (presence and function) of OPCs in MS lesions; iii) experimental models and in vitro data highlighting the contribution of adaptive and innate immune constituents to OPC injury and remyelination; and iv) effects of MS-directed immunotherapies on OPCs, either directly or indirectly via effects on specific immune constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack P Antel
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yun Hsuan Lin
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Qiao-Ling Cui
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Florian Pernin
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Timothy E Kennedy
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Samuel K Ludwin
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Luke M Healy
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Gopal AA, Ricoult SG, Harris SN, Juncker D, Kennedy TE, Wiseman PW. Spatially Selective Dissection of Signal Transduction in Neurons Grown on NETRIN-1 Printed Nanoarrays via Segmented Fluorescence Fluctuation Analysis. Biophys J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.11.1930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Kam JWK, Dumontier E, Baim C, Brignall AC, Mendes da Silva D, Cowan M, Kennedy TE, Cloutier JF. RGMB and neogenin control cell differentiation in the developing olfactory epithelium. Development 2017; 143:1534-46. [PMID: 27143755 DOI: 10.1242/dev.118638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cellular interactions are key for the differentiation of distinct cell types within developing epithelia, yet the molecular mechanisms engaged in these interactions remain poorly understood. In the developing olfactory epithelium (OE), neural stem/progenitor cells give rise to odorant-detecting olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) and glial-like sustentacular (SUS) cells. Here, we show in mice that the transmembrane receptor neogenin (NEO1) and its membrane-bound ligand RGMB control the balance of neurons and glial cells produced in the OE. In this layered epithelium, neogenin is expressed in progenitor cells, while RGMB is restricted to adjacent newly born ORNs. Ablation of Rgmb via gene-targeting increases the number of dividing progenitor cells in the OE and leads to supernumerary SUS cells. Neogenin loss-of-function phenocopies these effects observed in Rgmb(-/-) mice, supporting the proposal that RGMB-neogenin signaling regulates progenitor cell numbers and SUS cell production. Interestingly, Neo1(-/-) mice also exhibit increased apoptosis of ORNs, implicating additional ligands in the neogenin-dependent survival of ORNs. Thus, our results indicate that RGMB-neogenin-mediated cell-cell interactions between newly born neurons and progenitor cells control the ratio of glia and neurons produced in the OE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Wai Keung Kam
- Montreal Neurological Institute, 3801 University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2B4 Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2B4
| | - Emilie Dumontier
- Montreal Neurological Institute, 3801 University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2B4 Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2B4
| | - Christopher Baim
- Montreal Neurological Institute, 3801 University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2B4 Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2B4
| | - Alexandra C Brignall
- Montreal Neurological Institute, 3801 University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2B4 Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2B4
| | - David Mendes da Silva
- Montreal Neurological Institute, 3801 University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2B4 Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Coimbra 3004-517, Portugal
| | - Mitra Cowan
- Centre de Recherches du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, Canada H2X 0A9
| | - Timothy E Kennedy
- Montreal Neurological Institute, 3801 University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2B4 Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2B4 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, 3640 University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 0C7
| | - Jean-François Cloutier
- Montreal Neurological Institute, 3801 University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2B4 Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2B4 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, 3640 University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 0C7
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44
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Gopal AA, Ricoult SG, Harris SN, Juncker D, Kennedy TE, Wiseman PW. Spatially Selective Dissection of Signal Transduction in Neurons Grown on Netrin-1 Printed Nanoarrays via Segmented Fluorescence Fluctuation Analysis. ACS Nano 2017; 11:8131-8143. [PMID: 28679208 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b03004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Axonal growth cones extend during neural development in response to precise distributions of extracellular cues. Deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC), a receptor for the chemotropic guidance cue netrin-1, directs F-actin reorganization, and is essential for mammalian neural development. To elucidate how the extracellular distribution of netrin-1 influences the distribution of DCC and F-actin within axonal growth cones, we patterned nanoarrays of substrate bound netrin-1 using lift-off nanocontact printing. The distribution of DCC and F-actin in embryonic rat cortical neuron growth cones was then imaged using total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy. Fluorescence fluctuation analysis via image cross-correlation spectroscopy (ICCS) was applied to extract the molecular density and aggregation state of DCC and F-actin, identifying the fraction of DCC and F-actin colocalizing with the patterned netrin-1 substrate. ICCS measurement of spatially segmented images based on the substrate nanodot patterns revealed distinct molecular distributions of F-actin and DCC in regions directly overlying the nanodots compared to over the reference surface surrounding the nanodots. Quantifiable variations between the populations of DCC and F-actin on and off the nanodots reveal specific responses to the printed protein substrate. We report that nanodots of substrate-bound netrin-1 locally recruit and aggregate DCC and direct F-actin organization. These effects were blocked by tetanus toxin, consistent with netrin-1 locally recruiting DCC to the plasma membrane via a VAMP2-dependent mechanism. Our findings demonstrate the utility of segmented ICCS image analysis, combined with precisely patterned immobilized ligands, to reveal local receptor distribution and signaling within specialized subcellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica A Gopal
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, §Department of Biomedical Engineering, Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, and ∥Department of Physics, McGill University , Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4 Canada
| | - Sebastien G Ricoult
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, §Department of Biomedical Engineering, Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, and ∥Department of Physics, McGill University , Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4 Canada
| | - Stephanie N Harris
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, §Department of Biomedical Engineering, Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, and ∥Department of Physics, McGill University , Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4 Canada
| | - David Juncker
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, §Department of Biomedical Engineering, Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, and ∥Department of Physics, McGill University , Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4 Canada
| | - Timothy E Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, §Department of Biomedical Engineering, Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, and ∥Department of Physics, McGill University , Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4 Canada
| | - Paul W Wiseman
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, §Department of Biomedical Engineering, Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, and ∥Department of Physics, McGill University , Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4 Canada
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Rao VTS, Khan D, Cui QL, Fuh SC, Hossain S, Almazan G, Multhaup G, Healy LM, Kennedy TE, Antel JP. Distinct age and differentiation-state dependent metabolic profiles of oligodendrocytes under optimal and stress conditions. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182372. [PMID: 28792512 PMCID: PMC5549710 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the microenvironment of multiple sclerosis lesions, oligodendrocytes are subject to metabolic stress reflecting effects of focal ischemia and inflammation. Previous studies have shown that under optimal conditions in vitro, the respiratory activity of human adult brain-derived oligodendrocytes is lower and more predominantly glycolytic compared to oligodendrocytes differentiated in vitro from post natal rat brain oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. In response to sub-lethal metabolic stress, adult human oligodendrocytes reduce overall energy production rate impacting the capacity to maintain myelination. Here, we directly compare the metabolic profiles of oligodendrocytes derived from adult rat brain with oligodendrocytes newly differentiated in vitro from oligodendrocyte progenitor cells obtained from the post natal rat brain, under both optimal culture and metabolic stress (low/no glucose) conditions. Oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification rates were measured using a Seahorse extracellular flux analyzer. Our findings indicate that under optimal conditions, adult rat oligodendrocytes preferentially use glycolysis whereas newly differentiated post natal rat oligodendrocytes, and the oligodendrocyte progenitor cells from which they are derived, mainly utilize oxidative phosphorylation to produce ATP. Metabolic stress increases the rate of ATP production via oxidative phosphorylation and significantly reduces glycolysis in adult oligodendrocytes. The rate of ATP production was relatively unchanged in newly differentiated post natal oligodendrocytes under these stress conditions, while it was significantly reduced in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. Our study indicates that both age and maturation influence the metabolic profile under optimal and stressed conditions, emphasizing the need to consider these variables for in vitro studies that aim to model adult human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayaraghava T. S. Rao
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Damla Khan
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Qiao-Ling Cui
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Shih-Chieh Fuh
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Shireen Hossain
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guillermina Almazan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gerhard Multhaup
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Luke M. Healy
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Timothy E. Kennedy
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jack P. Antel
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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46
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Cui QL, Khan D, Rone M, T.S. Rao V, Johnson RM, Lin YH, Bilodeau PA, Hall JA, Rodriguez M, Kennedy TE, Ludwin SK, Antel JP. Sublethal oligodendrocyte injury: A reversible condition in multiple sclerosis? Ann Neurol 2017; 81:811-824. [DOI: 10.1002/ana.24944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Ling Cui
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Damla Khan
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Malena Rone
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Vijayaraghava T.S. Rao
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | | | - Yun Hsuan Lin
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Philippe-Antoine Bilodeau
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Jeffery A. Hall
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | | | - Timothy E. Kennedy
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Samuel K. Ludwin
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine; Queens University; Kingston Ontario Canada
| | - Jack P. Antel
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada
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47
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Levtova N, Healy LM, Gonczi CMC, Stopnicki B, Blain M, Kennedy TE, Moore CS, Antel JP, Darlington PJ. Comparative morphology and phagocytic capacity of primary human adult microglia with time-lapse imaging. J Neuroimmunol 2017; 310:143-149. [PMID: 28606377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Microglia provide immune surveillance within the brain and spinal cord. Various microglial morphologies include ramified, amoeboid, and pseudopodic. The link between form and function is not clear, especially for human adult microglia which are limited in availability for study. Here, we examined primary human microglia isolated from normal-appearing white matter. Pseudopodic and amoeboid microglia were effective phagocytes, taking up E. coli bioparticles using ruffled cell membrane sheets and retrograde transport. Pseudopodic and amoeboid microglia were more effective phagocytes as compared to ramified microglia or monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Thus, amoeboid and pseudopodic microglia may both be effective as brain scavengers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Levtova
- Department of Exercise Science, Concordia University, Montréal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada; PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Canada; Center for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, Canada
| | - Luke M Healy
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada
| | - Catalina Marysol Carvajal Gonczi
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Canada; PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Canada; Center for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, Canada
| | - Brandon Stopnicki
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Canada; PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Canada; Center for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, Canada
| | - Manon Blain
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada
| | - Timothy E Kennedy
- Program in NeuroEngineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada
| | - Craig S Moore
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Jack P Antel
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada
| | - Peter J Darlington
- Department of Exercise Science, Concordia University, Montréal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada; Department of Biology, Concordia University, Canada; PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Canada; Center for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, Canada.
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48
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Choquet K, Yang S, Moir RD, Forget D, Larivière R, Bouchard A, Poitras C, Sgarioto N, Dicaire MJ, Noohi F, Kennedy TE, Rochford J, Bernard G, Teichmann M, Coulombe B, Willis IM, Kleinman CL, Brais B. Absence of neurological abnormalities in mice homozygous for the Polr3a G672E hypomyelinating leukodystrophy mutation. Mol Brain 2017; 10:13. [PMID: 28407788 PMCID: PMC5391615 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-017-0294-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recessive mutations in the ubiquitously expressed POLR3A gene cause one of the most frequent forms of childhood-onset hypomyelinating leukodystrophy (HLD): POLR3-HLD. POLR3A encodes the largest subunit of RNA Polymerase III (Pol III), which is responsible for the transcription of transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and a large array of other small non-coding RNAs. In order to study the central nervous system pathophysiology of the disease, we introduced the French Canadian founder Polr3a mutation c.2015G > A (p.G672E) in mice, generating homozygous knock-in (KI/KI) as well as compound heterozygous mice for one Polr3a KI and one null allele (KI/KO). Both KI/KI and KI/KO mice are viable and are able to reproduce. To establish if they manifest a motor phenotype, WT, KI/KI and KI/KO mice were submitted to a battery of behavioral tests over one year. The KI/KI and KI/KO mice have overall normal balance, muscle strength and general locomotion. Cerebral and cerebellar Luxol Fast Blue staining and measurement of levels of myelin proteins showed no significant differences between the three groups, suggesting that myelination is not overtly impaired in Polr3a KI/KI and KI/KO mice. Finally, expression levels of several Pol III transcripts in the brain showed no statistically significant differences. We conclude that the first transgenic mice with a leukodystrophy-causing Polr3a mutation do not recapitulate the childhood-onset HLD observed in the majority of human patients with POLR3A mutations, and provide essential information to guide selection of Polr3a mutations for developing future mouse models of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Choquet
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, room 622, Montréal, Québec, H3A 2B4, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sharon Yang
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, room 622, Montréal, Québec, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Robyn D Moir
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Diane Forget
- Translational Proteomics Laboratory, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Roxanne Larivière
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, room 622, Montréal, Québec, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Annie Bouchard
- Translational Proteomics Laboratory, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Christian Poitras
- Translational Proteomics Laboratory, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Sgarioto
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, room 622, Montréal, Québec, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Marie-Josée Dicaire
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, room 622, Montréal, Québec, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Forough Noohi
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, room 622, Montréal, Québec, H3A 2B4, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Timothy E Kennedy
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, room 622, Montréal, Québec, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | | | - Geneviève Bernard
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, and Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada.,Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Martin Teichmann
- INSERM U1212 - CNRS UMR5320, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Benoit Coulombe
- Translational Proteomics Laboratory, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Département de biochimie et médecine moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ian M Willis
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Claudia L Kleinman
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Bernard Brais
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, room 622, Montréal, Québec, H3A 2B4, Canada. .,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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49
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Gopal AA, Rappaz B, Rouger V, Martyn IB, Dahlberg PD, Meland RJ, Beamish IV, Kennedy TE, Wiseman PW. Netrin-1-Regulated Distribution of UNC5B and DCC in Live Cells Revealed by TICCS. Biophys J 2017; 110:623-634. [PMID: 26840727 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Netrins are secreted proteins that direct cell migration and adhesion during development. Netrin-1 binds its receptors deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) and the UNC5 homologs (UNC5A-D) to activate downstream signaling that ultimately directs cytoskeletal reorganization. To investigate how netrin-1 regulates the dynamic distribution of DCC and UNC5 homologs, we applied fluorescence confocal and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, and sliding window temporal image cross correlation spectroscopy, to measure time profiles of the plasma membrane distribution, aggregation state, and interaction fractions of fluorescently tagged netrin receptors expressed in HEK293T cells. Our measurements reveal changes in receptor aggregation that are consistent with netrin-1-induced recruitment of DCC-enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) from intracellular vesicles to the plasma membrane. Netrin-1 also induced colocalization of coexpressed full-length DCC-EGFP with DCC-T-mCherry, a putative DCC dominant negative that replaces the DCC intracellular domain with mCherry, consistent with netrin-1-induced receptor oligomerization, but with no change in aggregation state with time, providing evidence that signaling via the DCC intracellular domain triggers DCC recruitment to the plasma membrane. UNC5B expressed alone was also recruited by netrin-1 to the plasma membrane. Coexpressed DCC and UNC5 homologs are proposed to form a heteromeric netrin-receptor complex to mediate a chemorepellent response. Application of temporal image cross correlation spectroscopy to image series of cells coexpressing UNC5B-mCherry and DCC-EGFP revealed a netrin-1-induced increase in colocalization, with both receptors recruited to the plasma membrane from preexisting clusters, consistent with vesicular recruitment and receptor heterooligomerization. Plasma membrane recruitment of DCC or UNC5B was blocked by application of the netrin-1 VI-V peptide, which fails to activate chemoattraction, or by pharmacological block of Src family kinase signaling, consistent with receptor recruitment requiring netrin-1-activated signaling. Our findings reveal a mechanism activated by netrin-1 that recruits DCC and UNC5B to the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica A Gopal
- Department of Chemistry, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; McGill Program in Neuroengineering, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Benjamin Rappaz
- McGill Program in Neuroengineering, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Physics, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vincent Rouger
- Department of Chemistry, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Iain B Martyn
- Department of Physics, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Peter D Dahlberg
- Department of Physics, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rachel J Meland
- Department of Chemistry, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ian V Beamish
- McGill Program in Neuroengineering, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Timothy E Kennedy
- McGill Program in Neuroengineering, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Paul W Wiseman
- Department of Chemistry, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; McGill Program in Neuroengineering, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Physics, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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50
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MacNearney D, Mak B, Ongo G, Kennedy TE, Juncker D. Nanocontact Printing of Proteins on Physiologically Soft Substrates to Study Cell Haptotaxis. Langmuir 2016; 32:13525-13533. [PMID: 27993028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Surface bound guidance cues and gradients are vital for directing cellular processes during development and repair. In vivo, these cues are often presented within a soft extracellular matrix with elastic moduli E < 10 kPa, but in vitro haptotaxis experiments have been conducted primarily on hard substrates with elastic moduli in the MPa to GPa range. Here, a technique is presented for patterning haptotactic proteins with nanometer resolution on soft substrates with physiological elasticity. A new nanocontact printing process was developed that circumvented the use of plasma activation that was found to alter the mechanical properties of the substrate. A dissolvable poly(vinyl alcohol) film was first patterned by lift-off nanocontact printing, and in turn printed onto the soft substrate, followed by dissolution of the film in water. An array of 100 unique digital nanodot gradients (DNGs), consisting of millions of 200 × 200 nm2 protein nanodots, was patterned in less than 5 min with with <5% average deviation from the original gradient design. DNGs of netrin-1, a known protein guidance cue, were patterned, and the unpatterned surface was backfilled with a reference surface consisting of 75% polyethylene glycol grafted with polylysine and 25% poly-d-lysine. Haptotaxis of C2C12 myoblasts demonstrated the functionality of the DNGs patterned on soft substrates. In addition, high densities of netrin-1 were observed to induce cell spreading, while live imaging of sinusoidal control gradients highlighted cell migration and navigation by "inching". The nanopatterning technique developed here paves the way for studying haptotactic responses to diverse digital nanodot patterns on surfaces covering the full range of physiological elasticity, and is expected to be applicable to the study of both culture and primary cells, such as neutrophils and neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald MacNearney
- McGill University Genome Quebec Innovation Centre (MUGIC) , Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Bernard Mak
- McGill University Genome Quebec Innovation Centre (MUGIC) , Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Grant Ongo
- McGill University Genome Quebec Innovation Centre (MUGIC) , Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G1, Canada
| | | | - David Juncker
- McGill University Genome Quebec Innovation Centre (MUGIC) , Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G1, Canada
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