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Korosec-Serfaty M, Riedl R, Sénécal S, Léger PM. Attentional and Behavioral Disengagement as Coping Responses to Technostress and Financial Stress: An Experiment Based on Psychophysiological, Perceptual, and Behavioral Data. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:883431. [PMID: 35903805 PMCID: PMC9314858 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.883431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Discontinuance of information systems (IS) is a common phenomenon. It is thus critical to understand the decision process and psychophysiological mechanisms that underlie the intention and corresponding behaviors to discontinue IS use, particularly within the digital financial technology usage context, where continuance rates remain low despite increased adoption. Discontinuance has been identified as one coping behavior to avoid stressful situations. However, research has not yet explored this phenomenon toward digital financial technologies. This manuscript builds upon a pilot study that investigated the combined influence of technostress and financial stress on users’ responses toward digital financial decision-making tasks and aims to disentangle the specific impacts of unexpected technology behaviors and perceived financial loss on attentional and behavioral disengagement as coping responses, which may lead to discontinuance from digital financial technology usage. A two-factor within-subject design was developed, where perceived techno-unreliability as variable system response time delays under time pressure and perceived financial loss as negative financial outcomes were manipulated in a 3 × 2 design. Psychophysiological, perceptual, and behavioral data were collected from N = 15 participants while performing an adapted version of the Iowa Gambling Task. The results indicate that unexpected technology behaviors have a far greater impact than perceived financial loss on (1) physiological arousal and emotional valence, demonstrated by decreased skin conductance levels and curvilinear emotional valence responses, (2) feedback processing and decision-making, corroborated by curvilinear negative heart rate (BPM) and positive heart rate variability (HRV) responses, decreased skin conductance level (SCL), increased perceptions of system unresponsiveness and techno-unreliability, and mental workload, (3) attentional disengagement supported by curvilinear HRV and decreased SCL, and (4) behavioral disengagement as coping response, represented by curvilinear decision time and increasingly poor financial decision quality. Overall, these results suggest a feedforward and feedback loop of cognitive and affective mechanisms toward attentional and behavioral disengagement, which may lead to a decision of disengagement-discontinuance as a coping outcome in stressful human-computer interaction situations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - René Riedl
- Digital Business, School of Business and Management, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Steyr, Austria
- Institute of Business Informatics - Information Engineering, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
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Meina M, Ratajczak E, Sadowska M, Rykaczewski K, Dreszer J, Bałaj B, Biedugnis S, Węgrzyński W, Krasuski A. Heart Rate Variability and Accelerometry as Classification Tools for Monitoring Perceived Stress Levels-A Pilot Study on Firefighters. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E2834. [PMID: 32429383 PMCID: PMC7285091 DOI: 10.3390/s20102834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic stress is the main cause of health problems in high-risk jobs. Wearable sensors can become an ecologically valid method of stress level assessment in real-life applications. We sought to determine a non-invasive technique for objective stress monitoring. Data were collected from firefighters during 24-h shifts using sensor belts equipped with a dry-lead electrocardiograph (ECG) and a three-axial accelerometer. Levels of stress experienced during fire incidents were evaluated via a brief self-assessment questionnaire. Types of physical activity were distinguished basing on accelerometer readings, and heart rate variability (HRV) time series were segmented accordingly into corresponding fragments. Those segments were classified as stress/no-stress conditions. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis showed true positive classification as stress condition for 15% of incidents (while maintaining almost zero False Positive Rate), which parallels the amount of truly stressful incidents reported in the questionnaires. These results show a firm correspondence between the perceived stress level and physiological data. Psychophysiological measurements are reliable indicators of stress even in ecological settings and appear promising for chronic stress monitoring in high-risk jobs, such as firefighting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Meina
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Department of Applied Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Grudziądzka 5, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
| | - Ewa Ratajczak
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Department of Applied Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Grudziądzka 5, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
- Faculty of Philosophy and Social Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Podmurna 74, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.S.); (J.D.); (B.B.)
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
| | - Maria Sadowska
- Faculty of Philosophy and Social Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Podmurna 74, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.S.); (J.D.); (B.B.)
| | - Krzysztof Rykaczewski
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
| | - Joanna Dreszer
- Faculty of Philosophy and Social Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Podmurna 74, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.S.); (J.D.); (B.B.)
| | - Bibianna Bałaj
- Faculty of Philosophy and Social Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Podmurna 74, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.S.); (J.D.); (B.B.)
| | - Stanisław Biedugnis
- Institute of Safety Engineering, The Main School of Fire Service, Słowackiego 52/54, 01-629 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Węgrzyński
- Fire Research Department, Building Research Institute (ITB), 00-611 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Adam Krasuski
- Institute of Safety Engineering, The Main School of Fire Service, Słowackiego 52/54, 01-629 Warsaw, Poland;
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Landreani F, Faini A, Martin-Yebra A, Morri M, Parati G, Caiani EG. Assessment of Ultra-Short Heart Variability Indices Derived by Smartphone Accelerometers for Stress Detection. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19173729. [PMID: 31466391 PMCID: PMC6749599 DOI: 10.3390/s19173729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Body acceleration due to heartbeat-induced reaction forces can be measured as mobile phone accelerometer (m-ACC) signals. Our aim was to test the feasibility of using m-ACC to detect changes induced by stress by ultra-short heart rate variability (USV) indices (standard deviation of normal-to-normal interval—SDNN and root mean square of successive differences—RMSSD). Sixteen healthy volunteers were recruited; m-ACC was recorded while in supine position, during spontaneous breathing at rest conditions (REST) and during one minute of mental stress (MS) induced by arithmetic serial subtraction task, simultaneous with conventional electrocardiogram (ECG). Beat occurrences were extracted from both ECG and m-ACC and used to compute USV indices using 60, 30 and 10 s durations, both for REST and MS. A feasibility of 93.8% in the beat-to-beat m-ACC heart rate series extraction was reached. In both ECG and m-ACC series, compared to REST, in MS the mean beat duration was reduced by 15% and RMSSD decreased by 38%. These results show that short term recordings (up to 10 s) of cardiac activity using smartphone’s accelerometers are able to capture the decrease in parasympathetic tone, in agreement with the induced stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Landreani
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Faini
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Department of Cardiovascular Neural and Metabolic Sciences, S. Luca Hospital, 20149 Milan, Italy
| | - Alba Martin-Yebra
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mattia Morri
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Parati
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Department of Cardiovascular Neural and Metabolic Sciences, S. Luca Hospital, 20149 Milan, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Gianluca Caiani
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Elettronica e di Ingegneria dell'Informazione e delle Telecomunicazioni, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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Different Clinical Expression of Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents: Assessment and Treatment. Pril (Makedon Akad Nauk Umet Odd Med Nauki) 2019; 40:5-40. [PMID: 31152643 DOI: 10.2478/prilozi-2019-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fearful and anxious behaviour is especially common in children, when they come across new situations and experiences. The difference between normal worry and an anxiety disorder is in the severity and in the interference with everyday life and normal developmental steps. Many longitudinal studies in children suggest that anxiety disorders are relatively stable over time and predict anxiety and depressive disorders in adolescence and adulthood. For this reason, the early diagnostic and treatment are needed. Researchers supposed that anxiety is a result of repeated stress. Additionally, some genetic, neurobiological, developmental factors are also involved in the aetiology. METHODS AND SUBJECTS The aim of this article is to summarize and to present our own results obtained with the assessment and treatment of different forms of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents such as: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Dental anxiety, General Anxiety Disorder (GAD), and Anxious-phobic syndrome. Some results are published separately in different journals. a) Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in 10 young children aged 9 ± 2, 05 y. is evaluated and discussed concerning the attachment quality. b) The group with OCD comprises 20 patients, mean age 14,5 ± 2,2 years, evaluated with Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), Child behaviour Checklist (CBCL), K-SADS (Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School age children), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), SCWT (Stroop Colour Word task), WCST (Wisconsin Card Scoring test). c) Dental stress is evaluated in a group of 50 patients; mean age for girls 11,4 ± 2,4 years; for boys 10,7 ± 2,6 years, evaluated with (General Anxiety Scale (GASC), and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ). d) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) profiles obtained for General Anxiety Disorder in 20 young females and 15 males aged 25,7± 5,35 years, and a group with Panic attack syndrome N=15 aged 19,3±4,9 years are presented and discussed by comparison of the results for healthy people. e) Heart Rate Variability (HRV) was applied for assessment and treatment in 15 anxious-phobic patients, mean age 12, 5±2,25 years and results are compared with other groups of mental disorder. RESULTS Children with PTSD showed a high level of anxiety and stress, somatization and behavioural problems (aggression, impulsivity, non-obedience and nightmares), complemented by hypersensitive and depressed mothers and misattachment in the early period of infancy. Consequently, the explanation of the early predisposition to PTSD was related to be the non-developed Right Orbital Cortex. The later resulted from insecure attachment confirmed in all examined children. The obtained neuropsychological profile of children with OCD confirmed a clear presence of obsessions and compulsions, average intellectual capacities, but the absence of depressive symptoms. Executive functions were investigated through Event Related Potentials on Go/NoGo tasks. Results showed that no significant clinical manifestations of cognitive dysfunction among children with OCD in the early stage of the disorder are present, but it could be expected to be appearing in the later stage of the disorder if it is no treated. In a study of 50 children randomly selected, two psychometric instruments were applied for measuring general anxiety and personal characteristics. It was confirmed that there was presence of significant anxiety level (evaluated with GASC) among children undergoing dental intervention. The difference in anxiety scores between girls and boys was also confirmed (girls having higher scores for anxiety). Results obtained with EPQ showed low psychopathological traits, moderate extraversion and neuroticism, but accentuated insincerity (L scale). L scales are lower by increasing of age, but P scores rise with age, which can be related to puberty. No correlation was found between personality traits and anxiety except for neuroticism, which is positively correlated with the level of anxiety. The obtained profiles for MMPI-201 in a group of patients with general anxiety are presented as a figure. Females showed only Hy peak, but in the normal range. However, statistics confirmed significant difference between scores in anxiety group and control (t= 2, 25164; p= 0, 038749). Males showed Hs-Hy-Pt peaks with higher (pathological) scores, related to hypersensitivity of the autonomic nervous system, as well as with manifested anxiety. Calculation confirmed significant difference between control and anxiety in men (t= 15.13, p=0.000). Additionally, MMPI profiles for patients with attack panic syndrome are also presented as a figure. Control scales for females showed typical V form (scales 1 and 3) related to conversing tendencies. In addition, females showed peaks on Pt-Sc scales, but in normal ranges. Pathological profile is obtained in males, with Hy-Sc peaks; this profile corresponds to persons with regressive characteristics, emotionally instable and with accentuated social withdraw. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a measure of the beat to beat variability in heart rate, related to the work of autonomic nervous system. It may serve as a psychophysiological indicator for arousal, emotional state and stress level. We used HRV in both, the assessment and biofeedback training, in a group of anxious-phobic and obsessive-compulsive school children. Results obtained with Eysenck Personality Questionnaire showed significantly higher psychopathological traits, higher neuroticism and lower lie scores. After 15 session HRV training very satisfying results for diminishing stress and anxiety were obtained.
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De Kermadec H, Bequignon E, Zerah-Lancner F, Garin A, Devars du Mayne M, Coste A, Louis B, Papon JF. Nasal response to stress test in healthy subjects: an experimental pilot study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 276:1391-1396. [PMID: 30771060 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-019-05343-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Stress has been suspected to play a role in rhinitis. The role of stress on nasal patency has been not yet elucidated. The aim was to evaluate the potential effects of stress on nasal patency in healthy subjects. METHODS We conducted a prospective pilot study including 12 healthy subjects. Experimental protocol was divided in three periods (pre-task, task and recovery). In the task period, subjects were exposed to the "Trier Social Stress Test" (TSST), a standardized laboratory stressor. Different parameters including Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory (SSAI) score, visual analogic scale (VAS) of nasal patency feeling, heart rate, acoustic rhinometry measurements have been compared between the three different periods. The study population was divided into two groups according to the Spielberger Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) score: A "non anxious" group and a "weakly anxious" group. RESULTS Seven subjects were in the "non anxious" group and five in the "weakly anxious" group. TSST significantly increased heart rate in all volunteers. SSAI score was significantly increased (p = 0.04) after the task period (36.6 ± 11.3) when compared to the SSAI score in pre-task period (31.9 ± 12.6). VAS score of nasal patency feeling significantly decreased from pre-task to task and recovery periods. Mean minimal cross-sectional areas and mean volumes of the nasal cavities were not significantly different between the three periods, except in "weakly anxious" group, but the small number of subjects does not allow to draw a definite conclusion. CONCLUSION We observed that stress influenced the feeling of nasal patency in healthy subjects. However, the objective effects of stress on nasal geometry were globally non-significant except in "weakly anxious" group. This latter result of our pilot study needs to be confirmed in a larger cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heloïse De Kermadec
- Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, service d'Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie et de chirurgie cervico- faciale, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - Emilie Bequignon
- Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, service d'Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie et de chirurgie cervico- faciale, 94010, Créteil, France. .,AP-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, service d'oto-rhino-laryngologie et de chirurgie cervico-faciale, 94010, Créteil, France. .,INSERM U955 Equipe 13, Faculte de Medecine, 8 rue du General Sarrail, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France. .,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Est, 94010, Créteil, France. .,CNRS, ERL 7240, 94010, Créteil, France.
| | - Francoise Zerah-Lancner
- INSERM U955 Equipe 13, Faculte de Medecine, 8 rue du General Sarrail, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Est, 94010, Créteil, France.,CNRS, ERL 7240, 94010, Créteil, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Henri-Mondor - A Chenevier, service de physiologie et d'explorations fonctionnelles, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - Antoine Garin
- AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, service d'oto-rhino-laryngologie et de chirurgie cervico-faciale, 94270, Le Kremlin- Bicêtre, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud, 94275, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Marie Devars du Mayne
- Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, service d'Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie et de chirurgie cervico- faciale, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - André Coste
- Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, service d'Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie et de chirurgie cervico- faciale, 94010, Créteil, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, service d'oto-rhino-laryngologie et de chirurgie cervico-faciale, 94010, Créteil, France.,INSERM U955 Equipe 13, Faculte de Medecine, 8 rue du General Sarrail, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Est, 94010, Créteil, France.,CNRS, ERL 7240, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - Bruno Louis
- INSERM U955 Equipe 13, Faculte de Medecine, 8 rue du General Sarrail, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Est, 94010, Créteil, France.,CNRS, ERL 7240, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - Jean-François Papon
- INSERM U955 Equipe 13, Faculte de Medecine, 8 rue du General Sarrail, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France.,CNRS, ERL 7240, 94010, Créteil, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, service d'oto-rhino-laryngologie et de chirurgie cervico-faciale, 94270, Le Kremlin- Bicêtre, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud, 94275, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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Casad BJ, Petzel ZW. Heart Rate Variability Moderates Challenge and Threat Reactivity to Sexism Among Women in STEM. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract. Using a biopsychosocial model of challenge and threat, we tested resting heart rate variability (HRV) as a moderator of physiological reactivity after experiencing sexism. Women science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) majors participated in a mock interview in which the male interviewer made a sexist or neutral comment. Resting HRV moderated physiological stress reactivity among women in the sexism condition, but not control, indicating lower resting HRV predicted greater physiological threat than challenge and higher resting HRV predicted greater physiological challenge than threat during the interview. These findings support the emotion regulation properties of HRV as applied to a biopsychosocial model of challenge and threat. Higher resting HRV may be adaptive for women experiencing sexism in male-dominated contexts like STEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina J. Casad
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Zachary W. Petzel
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-St. Louis, MO, USA
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Abeare CA, Freund S, Kaploun K, McAuley T, Dumitrescu C. The Emotion Word Fluency Test (EWFT): Initial psychometric, validation, and physiological evidence in young adults. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2016; 39:738-752. [DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2016.1259396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabrina Freund
- Department of Psychology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Kristen Kaploun
- Department of Psychology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Tara McAuley
- Department of Psychology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Claudiu Dumitrescu
- Department of Psychology Canandaigua Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Canandaigua, NY, USA
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Sex differences in healthy human heart rate variability: A meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 64:288-310. [PMID: 26964804 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 451] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present meta-analysis aimed to quantify current evidence on sex differences in the autonomic control of the heart, indexed by measures of heart rate variability (HRV) in healthy human subjects. An extensive search of the literature yielded 2020 titles and abstracts, of which 172 provided sufficient reporting of sex difference in HRV. Data from 63,612 participants (31,970 females) were available for analysis. Meta-analysis yielded a total of 1154 effect size estimates (k) across 50 different measures of HRV in a cumulated total of 296,247 participants. Females showed a significantly lower mean RR interval and standard deviation of RR intervals (SDNN). The power spectral density of HRV in females is characterized by significantly less total power that contains significantly greater high- (HF) and less low-frequency (LF) power. This is further reflected by a lower LF/HF ratio. Meta-regression revealed significant effects of age, respiration control and the length of recording available for analysis. Although women showed greater mean heart rate, they showed greater vagal activity indexed by HF power of HRV. Underlying mechanisms of these findings are discussed.
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Grandi LC, Ishida H. The Physiological Effect of Human Grooming on the Heart Rate and the Heart Rate Variability of Laboratory Non-Human Primates: A Pilot Study in Male Rhesus Monkeys. Front Vet Sci 2015; 2:50. [PMID: 26664977 PMCID: PMC4672226 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2015.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Grooming is a widespread, essential, and complex behavior with social and affiliative valence in the non-human primate world. Its impact at the autonomous nervous system level has been studied during allogrooming among monkeys living in a semi-naturalistic environment. For the first time, we investigated the effect of human grooming to monkey in a typical experimental situation inside laboratory. We analyzed the autonomic response of male monkeys groomed by a familiar human (experimenter), in terms of the heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) at different body parts. We considered the HRV in both the time (SDNN, RMSSD, and RMSSD/SDNN) and the frequency domain (HF, LF, and LF/HF). For this purpose, we recorded the electrocardiogram of two male rhesus monkeys seated in a primate chair while the experimenter groomed their mouth, chest, or arm. We demonstrated that (1) the grooming carried out by a familiar human determined a decrement of the HR and an increment of the HRV; (2) there was a difference in relation to the groomed body part. In particular, during grooming the mouth the HRV was higher than during grooming the arm and the chest. Taken together, the results represent the first evidence that grooming carried out by a familiar human on experimental monkeys has the comparable positive physiological effect of allogrooming between conspecifics. Moreover, since the results underlined the positive modulation of both HR and HRV, the present study could be a starting point to improve the well-being of non-human primates in experimental condition by means of grooming by a familiar person.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Clara Grandi
- Unit of Physiology, Department of Neuroscience, Parma University, Parma, Italy
| | - Hiroaki Ishida
- Frontal Lobe Function Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
- Brain Center for Social and Motor Cognition (BCSMC), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Parma, Italy
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Computational Psychometrics in Communication and Implications in Decision Making. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2015; 2015:985032. [PMID: 26339285 PMCID: PMC4538966 DOI: 10.1155/2015/985032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent investigations emphasized the role of communication features on behavioral trust and reciprocity in economic decision making but no studies have been focused on the effect of communication on affective states in such a context. Thanks to advanced methods of computational psychometrics, in this study, affective states were deeply examined using simultaneous and synchronized recordings of gazes and psychophysiological signals in 28 female students during an investment game. Results showed that participants experienced different affective states according to the type of communication (personal versus impersonal). In particular, participants involved in personal communication felt more relaxed than participants involved in impersonal communication. Moreover, personal communication influenced reciprocity and participants' perceptions about trust and reciprocity. Findings were interpreted in the light of the Arousal/Valence Model and self-disclosure process.
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11
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Wang MY, Chiu CH, Lee HC, Su CT, Tsai PS. Cardiovascular Reactivity in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder With High- or Low-Level Depressive Symptoms. Biol Res Nurs 2015; 18:221-9. [DOI: 10.1177/1099800415596227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Depression increases the risk of adverse cardiac events. Cardiovascular reactivity is defined as the pattern of cardiovascular responses to mental stress. An altered pattern of cardiovascular reactivity is an indicator of subsequent cardiovascular disease. Because depression and adverse cardiac events may have a dose-dependent association, this study examined the differences in cardiovascular reactivity to mental stress between patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) with high depression levels and those with low depression levels. Moreover, autonomic nervous system regulation is a highly plausible biological mechanism for the pattern of cardiovascular reactivity to mental stress. The association between cardiovascular reactivity and parameters of heart rate variability (HRV), an index for quantifying autonomic nervous system activity modulation, was thus examined. This study included 88 patients with MDD. HRV was measured before stress induction. The Stroop Color and Word Test and mirror star-tracing task were used to induce mental stress. We observed no significant association between depressive symptom level and any of the cardiovascular reactivity parameters. Cardiovascular reactivity to mental stress was comparable between patients with MDD with high-level depressive symptoms and those with low-level depressive symptoms. After adjusting for confounding variables, the high-frequency domain of HRV was found to be an independent predictor of the magnitude of heart rate reactivity (β = −.33, p = .002). In conclusion, the magnitude of cardiovascular reactivity may be independent of depression severity in patients with MDD. The autonomic regulation of cardiovascular responses to mental stress primarily influences heart rate reactivity in patients with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Yeh Wang
- Department of Nursing, Cardinal Tien Junior College of Healthcare and Management, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Huan Chiu
- Department of Community Psychiatry, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chien Lee
- Department of Psychiatry & Sleep Center, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Tien Su
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Shan Tsai
- Graduate Institutes of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Sleep Science Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Taipei Municipal Wanfang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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McConnell PA, Froeliger B, Garland EL, Ives JC, Sforzo GA. Auditory driving of the autonomic nervous system: Listening to theta-frequency binaural beats post-exercise increases parasympathetic activation and sympathetic withdrawal. Front Psychol 2014; 5:1248. [PMID: 25452734 PMCID: PMC4231835 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Binaural beats are an auditory illusion perceived when two or more pure tones of similar frequencies are presented dichotically through stereo headphones. Although this phenomenon is thought to facilitate state changes (e.g., relaxation), few empirical studies have reported on whether binaural beats produce changes in autonomic arousal. Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of binaural beating on autonomic dynamics [heart rate variability (HRV)] during post-exercise relaxation. Subjects (n = 21; 18-29 years old) participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study during which binaural beats and placebo were administered over two randomized and counterbalanced sessions (within-subjects repeated-measures design). At the onset of each visit, subjects exercised for 20-min; post-exercise, subjects listened to either binaural beats ('wide-band' theta-frequency binaural beats) or placebo (carrier tones) for 20-min while relaxing alone in a quiet, low-light environment. Dependent variables consisted of high-frequency (HF, reflecting parasympathetic activity), low-frequency (LF, reflecting sympathetic and parasympathetic activity), and LF/HF normalized powers, as well as self-reported relaxation. As compared to the placebo visit, the binaural-beat visit resulted in greater self-reported relaxation, increased parasympathetic activation and increased sympathetic withdrawal. By the end of the 20-min relaxation period there were no observable differences in HRV between binaural-beat and placebo visits, although binaural-beat associated HRV significantly predicted subsequent reported relaxation. Findings suggest that listening to binaural beats may exert an acute influence on both LF and HF components of HRV and may increase subjective feelings of relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A. McConnell
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Ithaca CollegeIthaca, NY, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South CarolinaCharleston, SC, USA
| | - Brett Froeliger
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South CarolinaCharleston, SC, USA
| | - Eric L. Garland
- College of Social Work and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of UtahSalt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jeffrey C. Ives
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Ithaca CollegeIthaca, NY, USA
| | - Gary A. Sforzo
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Ithaca CollegeIthaca, NY, USA
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Guasti L, Simoni C, Mainardi L, Crespi C, Cimpanelli MG, Klersy C, Gaudio G, Codari R, Maroni L, Marino F, Cosentino M, Grandi AM, Cerutti S, Venco A. Lack of relationship between cardiovascular reactivity to mental stress and autonomic modulation of the sinoatrial node in normotensive and hypertensive male subjects. Int J Psychophysiol 2009; 71:258-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2008] [Revised: 06/11/2008] [Accepted: 10/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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von Borell E, Langbein J, Després G, Hansen S, Leterrier C, Marchant J, Marchant-Forde R, Minero M, Mohr E, Prunier A, Valance D, Veissier I. Heart rate variability as a measure of autonomic regulation of cardiac activity for assessing stress and welfare in farm animals -- a review. Physiol Behav 2007; 92:293-316. [PMID: 17320122 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 588] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2006] [Revised: 01/12/2007] [Accepted: 01/15/2007] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Measurement of heart rate variability (HRV) is a non-invasive technique that can be used to investigate the functioning of the autonomic nervous system, especially the balance between sympathetic and vagal activity. It has been proven to be very useful in humans for both research and clinical studies concerned with cardiovascular diseases, diabetic autonomic dysfunction, hypertension and psychiatric and psychological disorders. Over the past decade, HRV has been used increasingly in animal research to analyse changes in sympathovagal balance related to diseases, psychological and environmental stressors or individual characteristics such as temperament and coping strategies. This paper discusses current and past HRV research in farm animals. First, it describes how cardiac activity is regulated and the relationships between HRV, sympathovagal balance and stress and animal welfare. Then it proceeds to outline the types of equipment and methodological approaches that have been adapted and developed to measure inter-beats intervals (IBI) and estimate HRV in farm animals. Finally, it discusses experiments and conclusions derived from the measurement of HRV in pigs, cattle, horses, sheep, goats and poultry. Emphasis has been placed on deriving recommendations for future research investigating HRV, including approaches for measuring and analysing IBI data. Data from earlier research demonstrate that HRV is a promising approach for evaluating stress and emotional states in animals. It has the potential to contribute much to our understanding and assessment of the underlying neurophysiological processes of stress responses and different welfare states in farm animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eberhard von Borell
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06108 Halle, Germany.
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15
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Leeners B, Neumaier-Wagner P, Kuse S, Stiller R, Rath W. Emotional stress and the risk to develop hypertensive diseases in pregnancy. Hypertens Pregnancy 2007; 26:211-26. [PMID: 17469011 DOI: 10.1080/10641950701274870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cardiovascular diseases are strongly influenced by stress and do share several risk factors with hypertensive diseases in pregnancy (HDP). The aim of the study is to investigate the correlation between emotional stress during pregnancy and the risk for HDP. METHODS A self-administered questionnaire comprising obstetrical and psychosocial questions was completed by 725 patients and 880 controls matched for age, parity, nationality, and educational level. RESULTS Emotional stress during pregnancy was associated with a 1.6-fold increased risk for HDP. CONCLUSION Psychosocial interventions to reduce emotional stress during pregnancy may help to decrease the risk to develop HDP.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptation, Psychological
- Adult
- Analysis of Variance
- Case-Control Studies
- Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic
- Female
- Humans
- Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced/epidemiology
- Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced/etiology
- Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced/physiopathology
- Life Style
- Logistic Models
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular/epidemiology
- Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular/etiology
- Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular/physiopathology
- Pregnancy Outcome
- Research Design
- Retrospective Studies
- Risk Factors
- Stress, Psychological/complications
- Stress, Psychological/epidemiology
- Stress, Psychological/physiopathology
- Surveys and Questionnaires
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Leeners
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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Sharpley CF. Heart rate reactivity and variability as psychophysiological links between stress, anxiety, depression, and cardiovascular disease: Implications for health psychology interventions. AUSTRALIAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00050060210001706686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher F. Sharpley
- Bond University
- Institute for Health Sciences, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4229, Australia
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Okada S, Fujiwara Y, Suzuki S, Yasuda M, Makikawa M, Iida T. Proposal for a method of non-restrictive measurement of resting heart rate in a lying position. J Physiol Anthropol 2006; 25:299-305. [PMID: 16891760 DOI: 10.2114/jpa2.25.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Daily monitoring of heart rates is important in health management. Many researchers have analysed heart rate variability by using the resting heart rate because such an analysis can facilitate the early discovery of a variety of illnesses and health conditions. Some problems that arise in measuring heart rate are the feeling of confinement. Therefore, we required a system that could measure the resting heart rate in a static position in such a way that the subject is completely unaware that the measurement is being recorded. We propose a non-restrictive measurement method that uses only an acceleration sensor placed inside a down quilt. This method is easy for home use. The acceleration sensor was placed inside the quilt such that it was positioned opposite to the left-hand side of the subject's chest. Six healthy subjects were requested to lie in the supine position and were covered with the quilt equipped with the acceleration sensor. Mechanical vibrations that resulted from heart activity were carried through the quilt to the acceleration sensor. As a result, periodic vibrations were measured successfully, and in the six subjects, these vibrations were proved to be highly correlated with the R wave of electrocardiograms. The same results were obtained even when the subjects were lying in the left lateral position. The results indicated that our new method, which used an acceleration sensor placed inside a down quilt, was simple and could be used to measure the resting heart rate in a lying position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Okada
- Ecology and Energy Systems Development Center, SANYO Electric Co., Ltd.
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Langbein J, Nürnberg G, Manteuffel G. Visual discrimination learning in dwarf goats and associated changes in heart rate and heart rate variability. Physiol Behav 2004; 82:601-9. [PMID: 15327907 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2004.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2004] [Revised: 04/28/2004] [Accepted: 05/10/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We studied visual discrimination learning in a group of Nigerian dwarf goats using a computer-based learning device which was integrated in the animals' home pen. We conducted three consecutive learning tasks (T1, T2 and T3), each of which lasted for 13 days. In each task, a different set of four visual stimuli was presented on a computer screen in a four-choice design. Predefined sequences of stimulus combinations were presented in a pseudorandom order. Animals were rewarded with drinking water when they chose the positive stimulus by pressing a button next to it. Noninvasive measurements of goats' heartbeat intervals were carried out on the first and the last 2 days of each learning task. We analysed heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) of resting animals to study sustained physiological effects related to general learning challenge rather than acute excitement during an actual learning session. The number of trials to reach the learning criterion was 1000 in T1, when visual stimuli were presented to the goats for the first time, but decreased to 210 in T2 and 240 in T3, respectively. A stable plateau of correct choices between 70% and 80% was reached on Day 10 in T1, on Day 8 in T2 and on Day 6 in T3. We found a significant influence of the task and of the interaction between task and day on learning success. Whereas HR increased throughout T1, this relationship was inverted in T2 and T3, indicating different effects on the HR depending on how familiar goats were with the learning task. We found a significant influence of the task and the interaction between task and time within the task on HRV parameters, indicating changes of vagal activity at the heart. The results suggest that changes in HR related to learning were predominantly caused by a withdrawal of vagal activity at the heart. With regard to nonlinear processes in heartbeat regulation, increased deterministic shares of HRV indicated that the animals did not really relax until the end of T3. Comparing changes of HR and HRV in T3 and in a subsequent postexperiment (PE), we assume a positive effect of such cognitive challenges once the task had been learned by the animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Langbein
- Research Unit Behavioural Physiology, Research Institute for the Biology of Farm Animals, Germany.
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Thomas RJ, Liu K, Jacobs DR, Bild DE, Kiefe CI, Hulley SB. Positional change in blood pressure and 8-year risk of hypertension: the CARDIA Study. Mayo Clin Proc 2003; 78:951-8. [PMID: 12911043 DOI: 10.4065/78.8.951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship between positional blood pressure change and 8-year incidence of hypertension in a biracial cohort of young adults. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Participants from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study with complete data from year 2 (1987-1988), year 5 (1990-1991), year 7 (1992-1993), and year 10 (1995-1996) examinations were included (N = 2781). Participants were classified into 3 groups based on their year 2 systolic blood pressure response to standing: drop, a decrease in systolic blood pressure of more than 5 mm Hg; same, a change of between -5 and +5 mm Hg; and rise, more than 5-mm Hg increase. RESULTS The number of participants in each group was as follows: drop, 741; same, 1590; and rise, 450. The 8-year incidence of hypertension was 8.4% in the drop group, 6.8% in the same group, and 12.4% in the rise group (P < .001). Adjusted odds ratios for developing hypertension during the follow-up period in the rise group vs the same group were as follows: in black men, 2.85 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.43-5.69), in black women, 2.47 (95% CI, 1.19-5.11), in white men, 2.17 (95% CI, 1.00-4.73), and in white women, 4.74 (95% CI, 1.11-20.30). CONCLUSIONS A greater than 5-mm Hg increase in blood pressure on standing identified a group of young adults at increased risk of developing hypertension within 8 years. These findings support a physiologic link between sympathetic nervous system reactivity and risk of hypertension in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randal J Thomas
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn 55905, USA.
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Corrélats neurophysiologiques des processus mentaux enregistrés en situation réelle par micro-capteurs non invasifs. Sci Sports 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0765-1597(03)00081-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Carrillo E, Moya-Albiol L, González-Bono E, Salvador A, Ricarte J, Gómez-Amor J. Gender differences in cardiovascular and electrodermal responses to public speaking task: the role of anxiety and mood states. Int J Psychophysiol 2001; 42:253-64. [PMID: 11812392 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8760(01)00147-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Gender moderates psychophysiological responses to stress. In addition to the hormonal background, different psychological states related to social stressors, such as anxiety and mood, could affect this response. The purpose of this study was to examine the existence of gender differences in the cardiovascular and electrodermal responses to a speech task and their relationship with anxiety and the mood variations experienced. For this, non-specific skin conductance responses (NSRs), heart rate (HR), and finger pulse volume (FPV) were measured at rest, and during preparation, task and recovery periods of an academic career speech in undergraduate men (n=15) and women (n=23), with assessment of changes in the state version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S) and in the Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaires. Men and women did not differ in trait anxiety, hostility/aggressiveness, or in the appraisal of the task, which were evaluated with the trait version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-T), the Buss and Durkee Hostility Inventory (BDHI), and a self-report elaborated by ourselves, respectively. Women had higher FPV in all periods except during the task, and were more reactive to the stressor in state anxiety, and in the amplitude of NSRs. No gender differences for HR and for the frequency of NSRs were found. Anxiety and mood states were differently related to cardiovascular and electrodermal measurements in men and women. Further studies should consider the hormonal variations in addition to the psychological dimensions, in order to offer a more integrative perspective of the complex responses to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Carrillo
- Area de Psicobiología, Departamento de Ciencias Morfológicas y Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Murcia, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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