1
|
A simple procedure for highly efficient purification of ultratrace Pu from Pb by extraction chromatography. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-022-08343-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
2
|
Rozhkova AK, Kuzmenkova NV, Sibirtsev AM, Petrov VG, Shi KL, Hou XL, Kalmykov SN. Simultaneous separation of actinides and technetium from large volumes of natural water for their determination. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-022-08274-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
3
|
Corcho Alvarado JA, Röllin S, Sahli H, McGinnity P. Isotopic signatures of plutonium and uranium at Bikar atoll, northern Marshall Islands. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2022; 242:106795. [PMID: 34923320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2021.106795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We present plutonium (Pu) and uranium (U) isotopic fingerprints (or signatures) in environmental samples collected at Bikar Atoll. Bikar is the second -most northern atoll of the Republic of the Marshall Islands, and therefore an important reference point to evaluate the extension of the regional fallout from the Pacific Proving Grounds (PPG) in Bikini and Enewetak Atolls. Previous studies have shown that regional fallout from atmospheric nuclear weapon testing (NWT) in Bikini and Enewetak has resulted in elevated levels of fallout radionuclides in this atoll. In order to optimally interpret the isotopic fingerprints, we compare our results with data obtained in eleven certified reference materials, representing different contamination sources. As well as 238Pu, 239Pu, 240Pu, 241Pu, 238U and 235U, this study also encompasses less commonly reported radionuclides such as 242Pu, 244Pu and 236U. We show the importance of combining numerous fingerprints for improved assessment of the source of a nuclear contamination. In samples from Bikar, Pu and U isotope ratios were found to vary within narrow ranges. Pu and U fingerprints suggest that regional fallout from the Castle Bravo test in March 1954 was the main source of the contamination. This was further confirmed by two different age dating approaches that estimated 1954 as the year of the contamination. We demonstrate that use of an exponential function to approximate the yield of heavy radionuclides in thermonuclear explosions with increasing mass is a valid approach for estimating the age of a contamination. We show that, if sufficient radionuclide activity concentration measurement results with low uncertainties are available, this method is robust.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J A Corcho Alvarado
- Nuclear Chemistry Division, Spiez Laboratory, Federal Office for Civil Protection, CH-3700 Spiez, Switzerland.
| | - S Röllin
- Nuclear Chemistry Division, Spiez Laboratory, Federal Office for Civil Protection, CH-3700 Spiez, Switzerland
| | - H Sahli
- Nuclear Chemistry Division, Spiez Laboratory, Federal Office for Civil Protection, CH-3700 Spiez, Switzerland
| | - P McGinnity
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Environment Laboratories, Monaco
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
|
5
|
Thakur P, Ward AL. 241Pu in the environment: insight into the understudied isotope of plutonium. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-018-5946-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
6
|
Abstract
Recent developments in radiometric and mass spectrometry technologies have been associated in the radiometric sector mainly with underground operations of large volume Ge detectors, while the mass-spectrometry sector, represented mainly by accelerator mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry has become the most sensitive technique for ultra-low-level analyses of long-lived radionuclides. These new developments have had great impact on investigations of rare nuclear processes and applications of radionuclides in environmental, life and space sciences. New scientific investigations have been carried out therefore which have not been possible before either because of lack of sensitivity or required large sample size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel P. Povinec
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Mlynska dolina F1, 84248 Bratislava, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Establishing rapid analysis of Pu isotopes in seawater to study the impact of Fukushima nuclear accident in the Northwest Pacific. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1892. [PMID: 29382952 PMCID: PMC5789979 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20151-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to assess the impact of the Fukushima derived Pu isotopes on seawater, a new analytical method to rapidly determine Pu isotopes in seawater by SF-ICP-MS including Fe(OH)2 primary co-precipitation, CaF2/LaF3 secondary co-precipitation and TEVA+UTEVA+DGA extraction chromatographic separation was established. High concentration efficiency (~100%) and high U decontamination factor (~107) were achieved. The plutonium chemical recoveries were 74–88% with the mean of 83 ± 5%. The precisions for both 240Pu/239Pu atom ratios and 239+240Pu activity concentrations were less than 5% when 15 L of seawater samples with the typical 239+240Pu activity of the Northwest Pacific were measured. It just needs 12 hours to determine plutonium using this new method. The limit of detection (LOD) for 239Pu and 240Pu were both 0.08 fg/mL, corresponding to 0.01 mBq/m3 for 239Pu and 0.05 mBq/m3 for 240Pu when a 15 L volume of seawater was measured. This method was applied to determine the seawater samples collected 446–1316 km off the FDNPP accident site in the Northwest Pacific in July of 2013. The obtained 239+240Pu activity concentrations of 1.21–2.19 mBq/m3 and the 240Pu/239Pu atom ratios of 0.198–0.322 suggested that there was no significant Pu contamination from the accident to the Northwest Pacific.
Collapse
|
8
|
Cao L, Bu W, Zheng J, Pan S, Wang Z, Uchida S. Plutonium determination in seawater by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: A review. Talanta 2016; 151:30-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
9
|
Paul S, Pandey AK, Shah RV, Alamelu D, Aggarwal SK. Superparamagnetic bi-functional composite bead for the thermal ionization mass spectrometry of plutonium(iv) ions. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra18419c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Single resin bead-based thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) offers numerous advantages for Pu(iv) determinations in complex aqueous samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumana Paul
- Fuel Chemistry Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai-400 085
- India
| | - Ashok K. Pandey
- Radiochemistry Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai 400 085
- India
| | - Raju V. Shah
- Fuel Chemistry Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai-400 085
- India
| | - D. Alamelu
- Fuel Chemistry Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai-400 085
- India
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kim H, Chung KH, Jung Y, Jang M, Kang MJ, Choi GS. A rapid and efficient automated method for the sequential separation of plutonium and radiostrontium in seawater. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3595-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
11
|
Maxwell SL, Culligan BK, Hutchison JB, Utsey RC, McAlister DR. Rapid determination of actinides in seawater samples. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3079-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
12
|
Eigl R, Srncik M, Steier P, Wallner G. 236U/238U and 240Pu/239Pu isotopic ratios in small (2 L) sea and river water samples. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2013; 116:54-58. [PMID: 23103576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2012.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Revised: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/30/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) and alpha spectrometry were used to determine uranium ((236)U, (238)U, (234)U) and plutonium isotopes ((239)Pu, (240)Pu) in sea and river water samples. Plutonium was separated by Dowex(®) 1 × 8 resin and UTEVA(®) resin was used for uranium purification. The measured (236)U/(238)U isotopic ratios for surface water from the Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean and the Black Sea were in the order of 10(-9), while values for river water were in the order of 10(-8). These contaminations may be attributed to global fallout. A sample of the reference material IAEA-443, collected from the Irish Sea, showed, in accordance to the reference value, a ratio that was 10(3) times higher due to effluents from the reprocessing plant at Sellafield. These results underline the good suitability of (236)U/(238)U as a tracer for hydrology and oceanography, and show that relatively small water samples are sufficient for the determination of (236)U by AMS, which is not the case for plutonium with present techniques. The plutonium concentrations in our water samples could only be measured with large uncertainties and were in the order of 10(-3) mBq/L (with the exception of the Irish Sea sample).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Eigl
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
The paper summarizes the results of the 240Pu/239Pu atomic ratio studies in atmospheric fallout samples collected in 1986 over Gdynia (Poland) as well as three Baltic fish species collected in 1997 using the accelerator mass spectrometry. A new generation of AMS has been developed during last years and this method is an efficient and good technique to measure long-lived radioisotopes in the environment and provides the most accurate determination of the atomic ratios between 240Pu and 239Pu. The nuclide compositions of plutonium in filter samples correspond to their means of production. AMS measurements of atmospheric fallout collected in April showed sufficient increase of the 240Pu/239Pu atomic ratio from 0.28 from March to 0.47. Also such high increase of 240Pu/239Pu atomic ratio, close to reactor core 240Pu/239Pu atomic ratio, was observed in September and equaled 0.47.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara I. Strumińska-Parulska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Analytics and Environmental Radiochemistry Chair, University of Gdańsk, Sobieskiego 18/19, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Strumińska-Parulska DI. A study on determination of potentially hazardous plutonium isotopes in environmental samples. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS 2013; 31:145-69. [PMID: 23672404 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2013.782175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Due to the lack of stable plutonium isotopes, and the high mobility as well as long half-life, plutonium is considered one of the most important radioelement in safety assessment of environmental radioactivity and nuclear waste management. A number of analytical methods have been developed over the past decades for determination of plutonium in environmental samples. The article discusses different analytical techniques and presents the results of plutonium isotopes determination by alpha spectrometry and accelerator mass spectrometry in environmental samples. The concentrations of plutonium isotopes in analyzed samples indicates its measurement is of great importance for environmental and safety assessment, especially in contaminated areas.
Collapse
|
15
|
Povinec PP. Recent developments in radioanaytical technologies for environmental investigations. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-012-1805-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
16
|
Salminen-Paatero S, Nygren U, Paatero J. 240Pu/239Pu mass ratio in environmental samples in Finland. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2012; 113:163-70. [PMID: 22776691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The (240)Pu/(239)Pu mass ratio was determined with SF-ICP-MS in lichen, peat, grass, air filter, and hot particle samples obtained in Finland. The main part of the air filters were sampled in northern Finland in 1963, whereas all the other samples were collected in southern and central Finland immediately after the Chernobyl accident in 1986. The (240)Pu/(239)Pu mass ratio varied between 0.13 ± 0.01 and 0.53 ± 0.03 in the environmental samples analyzed. The values for the (240)Pu/(239)Pu ratio confirm previous estimations, based on the (238)Pu/(239+240)Pu alpha activity ratio in the same samples, that global fallout from nuclear weapons testing and deposition from the Chernobyl accident have been the main Pu contamination sources in the environment in Finland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Salminen-Paatero
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 55, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Determination of 237Np in environmental and nuclear samples: A review of the analytical method. Appl Radiat Isot 2012; 70:1747-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2012.02.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
18
|
Applications of Anthropogenic Radionuclides as Tracers to Investigate Marine Environmental Processes. ADVANCES IN ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-10637-8_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
19
|
Vajda N, Kim CK. Determination of Transuranium Isotopes (Pu, Np, Am) by Radiometric Techniques: A Review of Analytical Methodology. Anal Chem 2011; 83:4688-719. [DOI: 10.1021/ac2008288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nóra Vajda
- RadAnal Ltd., Konkoly-Thege M. út 29-33, Budapest, 1121-Hungary
| | - Chang-Kyu Kim
- Terrestrial Environmental Laboratory, Seibersdorf, International Atomic Energy Agency, A-1400 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Qiao J, Hou X, Roos P, Miró M. Rapid isolation of plutonium in environmental solid samples using sequential injection anion exchange chromatography followed by detection with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 685:111-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Revised: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
21
|
Trends in radiometrics and mass spectrometry technologies: synergy in environmental analyses. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-010-0712-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
22
|
Lindahl P, Keith-Roach M, Worsfold P, Choi MS, Shin HS, Lee SH. Ultra-trace determination of plutonium in marine samples using multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 671:61-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2010] [Revised: 04/27/2010] [Accepted: 05/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
23
|
Qiao J, Hou X, Miró M, Roos P. Determination of plutonium isotopes in waters and environmental solids: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 652:66-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2008] [Revised: 02/26/2009] [Accepted: 03/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
24
|
Varga Z, Surányi G, Vajda N, Stefánka Z. Rapid sequential determination of americium and plutonium in sediment and soil samples by ICP-SFMS and alpha-spectrometry. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2009. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.2007.95.2.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
An improved sample preparation method for the determination of americium and plutonium in sediment and soil samples by inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry (ICP-SFMS) and alpha-spectrometry is described. The developed procedure involves a selective CaF2 co-precipitation for pre-concentration and matrix removal followed by a sequential extraction chromatographic separation. The average chemical recovery of sample preparation was between 81–94% for both americium and plutonium. The method development also focused on the elimination of possible interferences in mass spectrometric analysis caused by molecular ions (e.g.
238U 1H+, 204Pb 36Ar+ or 208Pb 16O2
+) employing the suitable matrix separation prior to ICP-SFMS analysis coupled with a desolvation sample introduction system. For 239Pu, 240Pu, 241Pu and 241Am limits of detection of 15, 9.2, 14 and 23 fg g-1 was achieved by ICP-SFMS, respectively. The applied sample preparation and measurement can be carried out within 6 h for one batch of samples. Results of certified reference materials (IAEA-384 and IAEA-385) analysed by the two different measurement techniques agreed well with the recommended or information values.
Collapse
|
25
|
Vajda N, Kim CK. Determination of Pu isotopes by alpha spectrometry: a review of analytical methodology. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-009-0342-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
26
|
Godoy MLDP, Godoy JM, Roldão LA, Tauhata L. Determination of total content and isotopic compositions of plutonium and uranium in environmental samples for safeguards purposes by ICP-QMS. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2009; 100:613-625. [PMID: 19500890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2009.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2008] [Revised: 04/08/2009] [Accepted: 04/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to determine the concentrations and isotopic compositions of plutonium and uranium in environmental samples for safeguards purposes. An analytical method was developed with a plutonium and uranium separation procedure based on extraction chromatography (using 2mL TEVA and UTEVA columns) and detection with a quadrupole ICP-MS applying an ultra-sonic nebulizer coupled with a membrane desolvation system. Starting from blank swipes, the background equivalent concentration (BEC) was 8fg for (239)Pu and 1ng (238)U. The method was successfully applied to certified reference materials as well as to round robin samples obtained in the framework of the inter-laboratory exercise program, promoted by the Brazilian-Argentine Agency for Accounting and Control of Nuclear Materials (ABACC), together with the US Department of Energy (USDOE). After the introduction of an additional ion-exchange separation step, the methodology was applied to the IAEA-384 sediment reference sample with precise and accurate total plutonium and uranium, (240)Pu/(239)Pu, (241)Pu/(239)Pu, (234)U/(238)U and (235)U/(238)U atomic ratio results.
Collapse
|
27
|
Lee SH, Povinec PP, Gastaud J, La Rosa JJ, Wyse E, Fifield LK. Determination of plutonium isotopes in seawater samples by Semiconductor Alpha Spectrometry, ICP-MS and AMS techniques. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-009-0154-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
28
|
Improved sample preparation method for environmental plutonium analysis by ICP-SFMS and alpha-spectrometry. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-006-6908-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
29
|
Lee S, Povinec P, Wyse E, Hotchkis M. Ultra-low-level determination of 236U in IAEA marine reference materials by ICPMS and AMS. Appl Radiat Isot 2008; 66:823-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2008.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
30
|
A combined method for the determination of the isotopic vector of plutonium isotopes in environmental samples. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-008-0633-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
31
|
Hou X, Roos P. Critical comparison of radiometric and mass spectrometric methods for the determination of radionuclides in environmental, biological and nuclear waste samples. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 608:105-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2007] [Revised: 11/29/2007] [Accepted: 12/10/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
32
|
Neutron-irradiation catalyzed synthesis of novel carbon nanomaterials. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-007-0633-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
33
|
Godoy MLDP, Godoy JM, Roldão LA. Application of ICP-QMS for the determination of plutonium in environmental samples for safeguards purposes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2007; 97:124-36. [PMID: 17543430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2007.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2006] [Revised: 03/02/2007] [Accepted: 03/14/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Aiming to determine the plutonium amount as well as its isotopic composition, in particular, in swipe samples for safeguards purposes, an analytical method was developed with a plutonium separation step based on extraction chromatography using 2 cm TEVA columns and detection with quadrupole ICP-MS applying an ultra-sonic nebulizer coupled with membrane desolvation system. The method was successfully applied to New Brunswick plutonium certified reference materials as well as to Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory round robin samples, based on the round robin samples provided by the Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (Belgium), as part of the Regular European Interlaboratory Measurement Evaluation Programme (REIMEP), campaign 16 (isotopic abundances of plutonium in plutonium nitrate samples), with a total plutonium amount between 1 and 0.25 ng per sample. After the introduction of an additional separation step, it was also possible to carry out precise and accurate total plutonium, (240)Pu/(239)Pu, (241)Pu/(239)Pu and (242)Pu/(239)Pu atom ratios determination in sediment sample showing its applicability to environmental samples in general, reaching a detection limit equivalent to 5 mBq(239)Pu kg(-1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luiza D P Godoy
- Instituto de Radioproteção e Dosimetria, Caixa Postal 37750, Barra da Tijuca, 22642-970, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Chapter 8 Developments in analytical technologies for marine radionuclide studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-4860(05)80009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
35
|
Povinec PP, Comanducci JF, Levy-Palomo I. IAEA-MEL's underground counting laboratory in Monaco—background characteristics of HPGe detectors with anti-cosmic shielding. Appl Radiat Isot 2004; 61:85-93. [PMID: 15177326 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2004.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The background characteristics of large volume HPGe detectors installed in IAEA-MEL's underground counting laboratory situated at a depth of 35 m water equivalent have been investigated. Both single gamma-ray spectra as well as gamma-ray spectra gated by anti-cosmic shielding made of plastic scintillators are presented. The advantages of anti-cosmic shielding for HPGe detectors, especially in underground counting laboratories operating at shallow depths, are discussed. The authors present several examples of analysis of radionuclides in marine samples by single gamma-ray spectrometers with anti-cosmic shielding, an anti-Compton spectrometer and a Ge-Ge telescope designed for the analysis of low energy gamma-emitters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P P Povinec
- Marine Environment Laboratory, International Atomic Energy Agency, 4 Quai Antoine ler, Monte-Carlo MC 98000, Monaco.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Chang Z, Zhao M, Jiang S, Li J, Zhao Y, Li A, Diao L. New measurement of 239+240Pu concentration in the IAEA reference materials SOIL-6 and IAEA-375. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2004. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.92.3.139.30495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Under an IAEA project for upgrading of the reference materials, a new measurement of 239+240Pu in the IAEA reference materials, SOIL-6 and IAEA-375, were performed. The extraction chromatography and a low background α-spectrometer were used for separation of plutonium and determination of 239+240Pu activity in the SOIL-6 and IAEA-375 samples. Homogeneity of SOIL-6 and IAEA-375 materials was checked by both F- and t-tests. The result showed that both materials could be considered to be sufficiently homogenous for weight of 30-50g. Activity concentration (C
A) of 239+240Pu in the SOIL-6 and IAEA-375 materials were determined to be (0.96±10.030) and (0.285±0.017)Bqkg-1 at 95% confidence level, respectively, at June 2002. The both present values of 239+240Pu C
A agree with the IAEA recommended in 95% confidence interval, but the both present values have high precision. Since the recommended values for SOIL-6 and IAEA-375 materials were issued about 20 and 10 years ago and error range of their recommended values were large, our obtained results might be useful in upgrading of the recommended values.
Collapse
|
37
|
Kim CK, Kim CS, Chang BU, Choi SW, Chung CS, Hong GH, Hirose K, Igarashi Y. Plutonium isotopes in seas around the Korean Peninsula. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2004; 318:197-209. [PMID: 14654285 DOI: 10.1016/s0048-9697(03)00399-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
239+240Pu concentrations and 240Pu/239Pu atom ratios in coastal seas adjacent to the Korean Peninsula were determined, during the period 1999 to 2002, to assess the current distribution and to identify sources of Pu isotopes. 239+240Pu concentrations in surface waters ranged from 3.1 to 22.3 mBq m(-3) with higher concentrations in winter than in summer. 239+240Pu concentrations in seawaters around the Korean Peninsula are greater than that in the western North Pacific. 240Pu/239Pu atom ratios ranged from 0.18 to 0.33 with an average value of 0.25+/-0.03, which is significantly higher than the global fallout average. The 240Pu/239Pu atom ratios of the 2000 m deep entire water column in the south western part of the East Sea (Sea of Japan) was comparable to that observed in waters near Bikini Atoll. The higher 240Pu/239Pu atom ratios than that of global fallout may be explained by the hypothesis that the earlier input signal of low 240Pu/239Pu atom ratio (0.18-0.19) of global fallout plutonium in seas adjacent to the Korean Peninsula is being gradually diluted by the high 240Pu/239Pu atom ratio plutonium transported from the tropical Pacific Proving Grounds via prevailing ocean current.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C K Kim
- Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety, P.O. Box 114, Yusong, Daejeon 305-338, South Korea.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ketterer ME, Hafer KM, Mietelski JW. Resolving Chernobyl vs. global fallout contributions in soils from Poland using Plutonium atom ratios measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2004; 73:183-201. [PMID: 15023447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2003.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2002] [Revised: 08/21/2003] [Accepted: 09/03/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plutonium in Polish forest soils and the Bór za Lasem peat bog is resolved between Chernobyl and global fallout contributions via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric measurements of 240Pu/230Pu and 241Pu/239Pu atom ratios in previously prepared NdF3 alpha spectrometric sources. Compared to global fallout, Chernobyl Pu exhibits higher abundances of 240Pu and 241Pu. The ratios 240Pu/230Pu and 241Pu/239Pu co-vary and range from 0.186 to 0.348 and 0.0029 to 0.0412, respectively, in forest soils (241Pu/239Pu = 0.2407 x [240Pu/239Pu] - 0.0413; r2 = 0.9924). Two-component mixing models are developed to apportion 239+240Pu and 241Pu activities; various estimates of the percentage of Chernobyl-derived 239+240Pu activity in forest soils range from < 10% to > 90% for the sample set. The 240Pu/230Pu - 241Pu/239Pu atom ratio mixing line extrapolates to estimate 241Pu/239Pu and the 241Pu/239+240Pu activity ratio for the Chernobyl source term (0.123 +/- 0.0007; 83 +/- 5; 1 May 1986). Sample 241Pu activities, calculated using existing alpha spectrometric 239+240Pu activities, and the 240Pu/230Pu and 241Pu/239Pu atom ratios, agree relatively well with previous liquid scintillation spectrometry measurements. Chernobyl Pu is most evident in locations from northeastern Poland. The 241Pu activities and/or the 241Pu/239Pu atom ratios are more sensitive than 240Pu/239Pu or 238Pu/239+240Pu activity ratios at detecting small Chernobyl 239+240Pu inputs, found in southern Poland. The mass spectrometric data show that the 241Pu activity is 40-62% Chernobyl-derived in southern Poland, and 58-96% Chernobyl in northeastern Poland. The Bór za Lasem peat bog (49.42 degrees N, 19.75 degrees E), located in the Orawsko-Nowotarska valley of southern Poland, consists of global fallout Pu.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Ketterer
- Department of Chemistry, Northern Arizona University, Box 5698, Flagstaff, AZ 86011-5698, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Aupiais J, Delorme A, Baglan N. Determination of the absolute mobility and the equivalent ionic conductivity of NpO2+ at 25 degrees C and at infinite dilution by capillary electrophoresis-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2003; 994:199-206. [PMID: 12779230 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(03)00453-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The absolute mobility of NpO2+ and its equivalent ionic conductivity were extrapolated at 25 degrees C and at infinite dilution using a set of experimental data obtained at various ionic strengths. The separation was carried out by capillary electrophoresis (CE) at various concentrations of creatinine at a pH of 5. The detection of NpO2+ was performed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry coupled on-line with CE. The following values have been found: mu0NpO2+ (25 degrees C) = (2.94 +/- 0.07) x 10(-4) cm2 V(-1) s(-1) and lambda0NpO2+ (x 10(4), 25 degrees C) = 28.3 +/- 0.7 m2 S mol(-1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Aupiais
- CEA, DASE/RCE, BP 12, 91680 Bruyères-le-Châtel, France.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Afonin M, Simonoff M, Donard O, Michel H, Ardisson G. Pu and Am determination in the environment—method development. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1007/s10582-003-0004-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
41
|
Bibliography. Current literature in mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2001; 36:1241-1248. [PMID: 11747122 DOI: 10.1002/jms.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|