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Momtazi-Borojeni AA, Abdollahi E, Jaafari MR, Banach M, Watts GF, Sahebkar A. Negatively-charged Liposome Nanoparticles Can Prevent Dyslipidemia and Atherosclerosis Progression in the Rabbit Model. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2022; 20:69-76. [PMID: 34414873 DOI: 10.2174/1570161119666210820115150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Negatively charged nanoliposomes have a strong attraction towards plasma lipoprotein particles and can thereby regulate lipid metabolism. Here, the impact of such nanoliposomes on dyslipidaemia and progression of atherosclerosis was investigated in a rabbit model. METHODS Two sets of negatively-charged nanoliposome formulations including [Hydrogenated Soy Phosphatidylcholine (HSPC)/1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3- phosphoglycerol (DSPG)] and [1,2- Dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine (DMPC)/1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine (DMPG)/Cholesterol] were evaluated. Rabbits fed a high-cholesterol diet were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=5/group) intravenously administrated with HSPC/DSPG formulation (DSPG group; 100 mmol/kg), DMPC/DMPG formulation (DMPG group; 100 mmol/kg), or the normal saline (control group; 0.9% NaCl) over a 4-week period. The atherosclerotic lesions of the aortic arch wall were studied using haematoxylin and eosin staining. RESULTS Both DSPG and DMPG nanoliposome formulations showed a nano-sized range in diameter with a negatively-charged surface and a polydispersity index of <0.1. After 4 weeks administration, the nanoliposome formulations decreased triglycerides (-62±3% [DSPG group] and -58±2% [DMPG group]), total cholesterol (-58±9% [DSPG group] and -37±5% [DMPG group]), and lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (-64±6% [DSPG group] and -53±10% [DMPG group]) levels, and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (+67±28% [DSPG group] and +35±19% [DMPG group]) levels compared with the controls. The nanoliposomes showed a significant decrease in the severity of atherosclerotic lesions: mean values of the intima to media ratio in DMPG (0.96±0.1 fold) and DSPG (0.54±0.02 fold) groups were found to be significantly lower than that in the control (1.2±0.2 fold) group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Anionic nanoliposomes containing [HSPC/DSPG] and [DMPC/DMPG] correct dyslipidaemia and inhibit the progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elham Abdollahi
- Department of Gynecology, Woman Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud R Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran | Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, WAM University Hospital in Lodz, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113, Lodz, Poland | Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
| | - Gerald F Watts
- Lipid Disorders Clinic, Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran | Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran | School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia | School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Takechi-Haraya Y, Goda Y, Sakai-Kato K. Atomic Force Microscopy Study on the Stiffness of Nanosized Liposomes Containing Charged Lipids. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:7805-7812. [PMID: 29869883 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
It has recently been recognized that the mechanical properties of lipid nanoparticles play an important role during in vitro and in vivo behaviors such as cellular uptake, blood circulation, and biodistribution. However, there have been no quantitative investigations of the effect of commonly used charged lipids on the stiffness of nanosized liposomes. In this study, by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM), we quantified the stiffness of nanosized liposomes composed of neutrally charged lipids combined with positively or negatively charged lipids while simultaneously imaging the liposomes in aqueous medium. Our results showed that charged lipids, whether negatively or positively charged, have the effect of reducing the stiffness of nanosized liposomes, independently of the saturation degree of the lipid acyl chains; the measured stiffness values of liposomes containing charged lipids are 30-60% lower than those of their neutral counterpart liposomes. In addition, we demonstrated that the Laurdan generalized polarization values, which are related to the hydration degree of the liposomal membrane interface and often used as a qualitative indicator of liposomal membrane stiffness, do not directly correlate with the physical stiffness values of the liposomes prepared in this study. However, our results indicate that direct quantitative AFM measurement is a valuable method to gain molecular-scale information about how the hydration degree of liposomal interfaces reflects (or does not reflect) liposome stiffness as a macroscopic property. Our AFM method will contribute to the quantitative characterization of the nano-bio interaction of nanoparticles and to the optimization of the lipid composition of liposomes for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Takechi-Haraya
- Division of Drugs , National Institute of Health Sciences , 3-25-26 Tonomachi , Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki City , Kanagawa 210-9501 , Japan
| | - Yukihiro Goda
- National Institute of Health Sciences , 3-25-26 Tonomachi , Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki City , Kanagawa 210-9501 , Japan
| | - Kumiko Sakai-Kato
- Division of Drugs , National Institute of Health Sciences , 3-25-26 Tonomachi , Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki City , Kanagawa 210-9501 , Japan
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Abstract
Chemotherapy has been the main modality of treatment for cancer patients; however, its success rate remains low, primarily due to limited accessibility of drugs to the tumor tissue, their intolerable toxicity, development of multi-drug resistance, and the dynamic heterogeneous biology of the growing tumors. Better understanding of tumor biology in recent years and new targeted drug delivery approaches that are being explored using different nanosystems and bioconjugates provide optimism in developing successful cancer therapy. This article reviews the possibilities and challenges for targeted drug delivery in cancer therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Drug Carriers
- Drug Delivery Systems
- Drug Resistance, Multiple
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Folate Receptors, GPI-Anchored
- Folic Acid/metabolism
- Gene Transfer Techniques
- Humans
- Immunotherapy
- Immunotoxins/chemistry
- Ligands
- Magnetics
- Mice
- Nanostructures/chemistry
- Neoplasms/genetics
- Neoplasms/therapy
- Neovascularization, Pathologic
- Oleic Acid/chemistry
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Receptors, LDL/chemistry
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry
- Time Factors
- Trastuzumab
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspreet K Vasir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6025, USA
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4
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Sahebkar A, Badiee A, Hatamipour M, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Jaafari MR. Apolipoprotein B-100-targeted negatively charged nanoliposomes for the treatment of dyslipidemia. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 129:71-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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5
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Sahebkar A, Badiee A, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Goldouzian SR, Jaafari MR. A simple and effective approach for the treatment of dyslipidemia using anionic nanoliposomes. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 122:645-652. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Zhong Z, Shi S, Han J, Zhang Z, Sun X. Anionic liposomes increase the efficiency of adenovirus-mediated gene transfer to coxsackie-adenovirus receptor deficient cells. Mol Pharm 2010; 7:105-15. [PMID: 19968324 DOI: 10.1021/mp900151k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite remarkable progress in the research of both viral and nonviral gene delivery vectors, the drawbacks in each delivery system have limited their clinical applications. Therefore, one of the concepts for developing novel vectors is to overcome the limitations of individual vectors by combining them. In the current study, adenoviral vectors were formulated with anionic liposomes to protect them from neutralizing antibodies and to improve their transduction efficiency in Coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor (CAR) deficient cells. A calcium-induced phase change method was applied to encapsulate adenovirus 5 (Ad5) into anionic liposomes to formulate the complexes of Ad5 and anionic liposomes (Ad5-AL). Meanwhile, the complexes of Ad5 and cationic liposomes (Ad5-CL) were also prepared as controls. LacZ gene expression in CAR overexpressing cells (A549) and CAR deficient cells (CHO and MDCK) was measured by either qualitative or quantitative detection. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was performed to determine intracellular location of Ad5 after their infection. Human sera with a high titer of antiadenovirus antibody were used to assess the neutralizing antibody protection ability of the complexed vectors. Accompanying the enhanced gene expression, a high ability to introduce Ad5 into cytoplasm and nucleus mediated by Ad5-AL was also observed in CAR deficient cells. Additionally, antibody neutralizing assay indicated that neutralizing serum inhibited naked Ad5 and Ad5-CL at rather higher dilution than Ad5-AL, which demonstrated Ad5-AL was more capable of protecting Ad5 from neutralizing than Ad5-CL. In conclusion, anionic liposomes prepared by the calcium-induced phase change method could significantly enhance the transduction ability of Ad5 in CAR deficient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhirong Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
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Wagner EJ, Brown CS, Mather JR, Scholcoff C, Krugner-Higby L, Heath TD. Evaluation of phospholipid and liposomal S-adenosyl methionine for the treatment of liver injury in a murine model. J Pharm Sci 2009; 99:1800-9. [PMID: 19780135 DOI: 10.1002/jps.21950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We have used a murine model of Acetaminophen induced hepatoxicity to determine if S-adenosyl methionine 1,4 butanedisulfonate (SD4) in liposomes can prevent liver injury when administered immediately prior to acetaminophen, as judged by serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels, and histological evidence of liver necrosis. No protection was observed when mice received 1 g/kg unencapsulated SD4. Partial protection was observed with 5 or 0.5 mg/kg SD4 in unextruded distearoylphosphatidylglycerol (DSPG) liposomes. Protection comparable to that seen in mice receiving encapsulated SD4 is achieved when mice received lipid alone in equivalent amounts, suggesting that the contribution of encapsulated SD4 to the efficacy of the liposomes may be minimal. Unextruded distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC) liposomes show only slight effects even at 50 mg/kg SD4. This is likely caused by the size of unextruded DSPC lipsomes, because extruded DSPC liposomes, whose size is smaller, are of comparable efficacy to unextruded DSPG liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Wagner
- School of Pharmacy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Wagner EJ, Krugner-Higby L, Heath TD. Liposome dependent delivery of S-adenosyl methionine to cells by liposomes: a potential treatment for liver disease. J Pharm Sci 2008; 98:573-82. [PMID: 18642386 DOI: 10.1002/jps.21460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The present study demonstrates that the nutritional supplement S-adenosyl methionine (SAMe), the primary methyl donor in mammalian cells, is delivered selectively to cells by anionic liposomes, and is, therefore, a liposome dependent drug. Contrary to our expectations, free SAMe chloride was growth inhibitory in cultured cells. The growth inhibitory potency of SAMe chloride in anionic liposomes composed of distearoylphosphatidylglycerol/cholesterol 2:1 was fivefold greater than that of free SAMe. Neutral liposomes composed of distearoylphosphatidylcholine and cholesterol did not increase the potency of the drug. An improved anionic liposome SAMe formulation was produced by use of the 1,4-butanedisulfonate salt (SD4), adding a metal chelator (EDTA), and lowering the buffer pH from pH 7.0 to pH 4.0. This formulation was 15-fold more potent than free SD4, and was active after more than 28 days at 4 degrees C. SAMe and its potential degradation products were screened for toxicity. Formaldehyde was determined to have potency similar to that of free SAMe chloride in CV1-P cells, suggesting that the growth inhibitory effects of SAMe may partly arise from the formation of formaldehyde. The cytotoxic effects of formaldehyde and the less stable forms of SAMe, (SAMe chloride and SAMe tosylate) were decreased in the presence of 3 mM GSH (IC(50) approximately 0.44 mM). The cytotoxic effects of SD4 were not reduced by GSH, suggesting that this more stable form of SAMe is not toxic through the production of formaldehyde. SD4 in anionic DSPG liposomes stimulated murine IL-6 production in RAW 264 cells at concentrations 25- to 30-fold lower than free drug. This increase in potency for IL-6 production was in keeping with the increase in potency observed in our growth inhibition experiments. These results suggest that SD4 in liposomes may be a potential treatment for acute or chronic liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Wagner
- Schools of Pharmacy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705-222, USA
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Impact of lipoproteins on the biological activity and disposition of hydrophobic drugs: implications for drug discovery. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2008; 7:84-99. [DOI: 10.1038/nrd2353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Kuo JHS, Jan MS, Jeng J, Chiu HW. Induction of apoptosis in macrophages by air oxidation of dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol. J Control Release 2005; 108:442-52. [PMID: 16183161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2005.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2005] [Revised: 07/17/2005] [Accepted: 08/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol (DOPG) containing unsaturated sites is the target of oxidation during preparation, storage, or in vivo use of anionic liposomes. We investigated the biological effect of air oxidation of DOPG on RAW 264.7 murine macrophage-like cells. Oxidation was induced by exposing DOPG to air for 24-72 h. The extent of air oxidation was confirmed using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption and Ionization with Time-of-Flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. The product of the air oxidation of DOPG was identified as the addition of one oxygen atom to one of the symmetrical fatty moieties of DOPG at m/z 814.77. The treatment of DOPG with air oxidation produced dose-dependent cytotoxicity in macrophages. RAW 264.7 cells exposed to oxidized DOPG exhibited morphological features of apoptosis, such as chromatin condensation and cell shrinkage. Typical apoptotic ladders were observed in DNA extracted from RAW 264.7 cells treated with oxidized DOPG. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated an increase in the hypodiploid DNA population (sub-G1), indicating that DNA cleavage occurred after treatment with oxidized DOPG. In addition, we showed that pretreating RAW 264.7 cells with zVAD-fmk, a general caspase inhibitor, did not prevent apoptosis induced by oxidized DOPG, suggesting that apoptosis in macrophage cells follows a caspase-independent pathway. These results point to a need for precaution in formulating DOPG liposomes for drug delivery and therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hua Steven Kuo
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, 60 Erh-Jen Rd., Sec. 1, Jen-Te, Tainan 717, Taiwan.
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Chung NS, Wasan KM. Potential role of the low-density lipoprotein receptor family as mediators of cellular drug uptake. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2004; 56:1315-34. [PMID: 15109771 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2003.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2003] [Accepted: 12/20/2003] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We highlight the importance of the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor family and its pharmaceutical implications in the field of drug delivery. The members of the LDL receptor family are a group of cell surface receptors that transport a number of macromolecules into cells through a process called receptor-mediated endocytosis. This process involves the receptor recognizing a ligand from the extracellular membrane (ECM), internalizing it through clathrin-coated pits and degrading it upon fusion with lysosomes. There are nine members of the receptor family, which include the LDL receptor, low-density lipoprotein-related protein (LRP), megalin, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) receptor, apoER2 and sorLA/LRP11, LRP1b, MEGF7, LRP5/6; the former six having been identified in humans. Each member is expressed in a number of different tissues and has a wide range of different ligands, not specific to the recognition of the LDL particle. Thus, rather than the original hypothesis that the receptor is only a mediator of cholesterol uptake, it may also be involved in a number of other physiological functions, including the progression of certain disease states and, potentially, cellular drug uptake. A number of studies have suggested that the LDL receptors are involved in endocytosis of drugs and drug formulations including aminoglycosides, anionic liposomes and cyclosporine A (CsA). This article reviews the importance of lipoproteins as a drug delivery system and how LDL receptors are relevant to the design and targeting of specific drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy S Chung
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University of British Columbia, 2146 East Mall Ave., Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3
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Amin K, Wasan KM, Albrecht RM, Heath TD. Cell association of liposomes with high fluid anionic phospholipid content is mediated specifically by LDL and its receptor, LDLr. J Pharm Sci 2002; 91:1233-44. [PMID: 11977099 DOI: 10.1002/jps.10075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We have sought to confirm indications in our recent studies suggesting that association of liposomes composed of 75-100 mol % egg phosphatidylglycerol (ePG), a fluid anionic phospholipid, with cells is mediated by low density lipoprotein (LDL) and the classical LDL receptor (LDLr). In the present study, binding of liposomes composed of 75-100 mol % ePG to CV1-P cells, either in serum-supplemented medium or in defined medium supplemented with LDL, is blocked by the presence of either of two monoclonal antibodies. The first is immunoglobulin (Ig)G C7, an antibody specific for LDLr. The second is IgG 5E11, an antibody specific for domain 3441-3569 of apolipoprotein B100. CHOldlA7, a cell line known to lack the LDLr and previously shown by us to associate minimally with 75-100 mol % ePG liposomes, was transfected with the human LDLr. The transfected cells bound 75-100 mol % ePG liposomes at high levels, and this binding was blocked by IgG C7. Previously, we have shown that serum, but not LDL or high density lipoprotein, induces association of 25-50 mol % ePG liposomes with both CV1-P and CHO wild type cells, but not CHOldlA7. In the present study, IgG C7 does not block this interaction, and transfected CHOldlA7 cells do not show this interaction. Hence, this form of liposome binding appears not to involve LDL or LDLr, but requires a receptor, currently unknown, and a serum component other than LDL or high density lipoprotein. The unknown receptor, in addition to LDLr, is missing from CHOldlA7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketan Amin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705-2222, USA
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