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Madrigal-Bujaidar E, Pérez-Montoya E, García-Medina S, Cristóbal-Luna JM, Morales-González JA, Madrigal-Santillán EO, Paniagua-Pérez R, Álvarez-González I. Pharmacokinetic parameters of ifosfamide in mouse pre-administered with grapefruit juice or naringin. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16621. [PMID: 31719649 PMCID: PMC6851181 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53204-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Grapefruit juice (GFJ) and naringin when consumed previously or together with medications may alter their bioavailavility and consequently the clinical effect. Ifosfamide (IF) is an antitumoral agent prescribed against various types of cancer. Nevertheless, there is no information regarding its interaction with the ingestion of GFJ or naringin. The aims of the present report were validating a method for the quantitation of IF in the plasma of mouse, and determine if mice pretreated with GFJ or naringin may modify the IF pharmacokinetics. Our HPLC results to quantify IF showed adequate intra and inter-day precision (RSD < 15%) and accuracy (RE < 15%) indicating reliability. Also, the administration of GFJ or naringin increased Cmax of IF 22.9% and 17.8%, respectively, and decreased Tmax of IF 19.2 and 53.8%, respectively. The concentration of IF was higher when GFJ (71.35 ± 3.5 µg/mL) was administered with respect to that obtained in the combination naringin with IF (64.12 ± µg/mL); however, the time required to reach such concentration was significantly lower when naringin was administered (p < 0.5). We concluded that pre-administering GFJ and naringin to mice increased the Tmax and decreased the Cmax of IF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Madrigal-Bujaidar
- Laboratorio de Genética, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Col. Zacatenco, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México, 07738, Mexico
| | - Edilberto Pérez-Montoya
- Laboratorio de Biofarmacia, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Col. Zacatenco, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México, 07738, Mexico
| | - Sandra García-Medina
- Laboratorio de Biofarmacia, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Col. Zacatenco, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México, 07738, Mexico
| | - José Melesio Cristóbal-Luna
- Laboratorio de Genética, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Col. Zacatenco, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México, 07738, Mexico
| | - José A Morales-González
- Laboratorio de Medicina de la Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México, 11340, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Osiris Madrigal-Santillán
- Laboratorio de Medicina de la Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México, 11340, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Paniagua-Pérez
- Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Servicio de Bioquímica. Av. México-Xochimilco 289, Ciudad de México, 14389, Mexico
| | - Isela Álvarez-González
- Laboratorio de Genética, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Col. Zacatenco, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México, 07738, Mexico.
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d-glucose elicits significant increase in the oral bioavailability of model BCS class III drugs in the rabbit. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2018.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Cvijic S, Ibric S, Parojcic J, Djuris J. An in vitro - in silico approach for the formulation and characterization of ranitidine gastroretentive delivery systems. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Malik MY, Jaiswal S, Sharma A, Shukla M, Lal J. Role of enterohepatic recirculation in drug disposition: cooperation and complications. Drug Metab Rev 2016; 48:281-327. [PMID: 26987379 DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2016.1157600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Enterohepatic recirculation (EHC) concerns many physiological processes and notably affects pharmacokinetic parameters such as plasma half-life and AUC as well as estimates of bioavailability of drugs. Also, EHC plays a detrimental role as the compounds/drugs are allowed to recycle. An in-depth comprehension of this phenomenon and its consequences on the pharmacological effects of affected drugs is important and decisive in the design and development of new candidate drugs. EHC of a compound/drug occurs by biliary excretion and intestinal reabsorption, sometimes with hepatic conjugation and intestinal deconjugation. EHC leads to prolonged elimination half-life of the drugs, altered pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Study of the EHC of any drug is complicated due to unavailability of the apposite model, sophisticated procedures and ethical concerns. Different in vitro and in vivo methods for studies in experimental animals and humans have been devised, each having its own merits and demerits. Involvement of the different transporters in biliary excretion, intra- and inter-species, pathological and biochemical variabilities obscure the study of the phenomenon. Modeling of drugs undergoing EHC has always been intricate and exigent models have been exploited to interpret the pharmacokinetic profiles of drugs witnessing multiple peaks due to EHC. Here, we critically appraise the mechanisms of bile formation, factors affecting biliary drug elimination, methods to estimate biliary excretion of drugs, EHC, multiple peak phenomenon and its modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Yaseen Malik
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) , Raebareli , India ;,b Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow , India
| | - Swati Jaiswal
- b Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow , India ;,c Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research , New Delhi , India
| | - Abhisheak Sharma
- b Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow , India ;,c Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research , New Delhi , India ;,d Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy , The University of Mississippi , Oxford , USA
| | - Mahendra Shukla
- b Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow , India ;,c Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research , New Delhi , India
| | - Jawahar Lal
- b Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism Division , CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow , India ;,c Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research , New Delhi , India
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Davies NM, Takemoto JK, Brocks DR, Yáñez JA. Multiple Peaking Phenomena in Pharmacokinetic Disposition. Clin Pharmacokinet 2010; 49:351-77. [DOI: 10.2165/11319320-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Metsugi Y, Miyaji Y, Ogawara KI, Higaki K, Kimura T. Appearance of double peaks in plasma concentration-time profile after oral administration depends on gastric emptying profile and weight function. Pharm Res 2007; 25:886-95. [PMID: 17955185 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-007-9469-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2007] [Accepted: 10/02/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mechanism for double-peak occurrence in plasma concentration profile after oral administration of drugs is controversial, although irregular gastric emptying would be an important factor. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of gastric emptying and a weight function, i.e. pharmacokinetics after reaching the systemic circulation, on the double-peak appearance in plasma concentration profiles. MATERIALS AND METHODS Alprazolam, which generates irregular gastric emptying, was orally co-administered with theophylline to rats, and the plasma concentration profiles or absorption rates were compared between the two drugs. Both drugs are highly absorbable, but alprazolam is rapidly eliminated from plasma, while the elimination of theophylline is very slow. RESULTS Oral administration of alprazolam generated the irregular gastric emptying profiles, resulting in multiple peaks in the absorption rate profiles of both drugs. The double peaks in the absorption rate profiles led to the double peaks in plasma concentration profiles for alprazolam, but not necessarily for theophylline. Simulation study clearly indicated that the slower elimination from plasma made the first peak less recognizable. CONCLUSIONS The irregular gastric emptying could be a main reason for the double peaks in plasma concentration profiles. However, the frequency of double-peak occurrence depends on the weight function, particularly the elimination rate, of each drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Metsugi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
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Ghibellini G, Leslie EM, Brouwer KL. Methods to evaluate biliary excretion of drugs in humans: an updated review. Mol Pharm 2006; 3:198-211. [PMID: 16749853 PMCID: PMC2572858 DOI: 10.1021/mp060011k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Determining the biliary clearance of drugs in humans is very challenging because bile is not readily accessible due to the anatomy of the hepatobiliary tract. The collection of bile usually is limited to postsurgical patients with underlying hepatobiliary disease. In healthy subjects, feces typically are used as a surrogate to quantify the amount of drug excreted via nonurinary pathways. Nevertheless, it is very important to characterize hepatobiliary elimination because this is a potential site of drug interactions that might result in significant alterations in systemic or hepatic exposure. In addition to the determination of in vivo biliary clearance values of drugs, the availability of in vitro models that can predict the extent of biliary excretion of drugs in humans may be a powerful tool in the preclinical stages of drug development. In this review, recent advances in the most commonly used in vivo methods to estimate biliary excretion of drugs in humans are outlined. Additionally, in vitro models that can be employed to investigate the molecular processes involved in biliary excretion are discussed to present an updated picture of the new tools and techniques that are available to study the complex processes involved in hepatic drug transport.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kim L.R. Brouwer
- School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Corresponding Author: Kim L.R. Brouwer, Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 Telephone: 919-962-7030 Fax: 919-962-0644
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Huang SM, Tsai TR, Yeh PH, Tsai TH. Measurement of unbound ranitidine in blood and bile of anesthetized rats using microdialysis coupled to liquid chromatography and its pharmacokinetic application. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1073:297-302. [PMID: 15909533 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.08.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the pharmacokinetics of unbound ranitidine in rat blood and bile, multiple microdialysis probes coupled to a liquid chromatographic system were developed. This study design was parallel in the following groups: the control-group of six rats received ranitidine alone (10 and 30 mg/kg, i.v.), the treated-group rats were co-administered with ranitidine and cyclosporine (P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor) or quinidine (both organic cation transport (OCT) and P-gp inhibitors) in six individual rats. Microdialysis probes were inserted into the jugular vein and the bile duct for blood and bile fluids sampling, respectively. Ranitidine in the dialysate was separated by a reversed-phase C18 column (Zorbax, 150 mm x 4.6 mm i.d.; 5 microm) maintained at ambient temperature. Samples were eluted with a mobile phase containing acetonitrile-methanol-tetrahydrofuran-20 mM K2HPO4 (pH 7.0) (24:20:10:946, v/v), and the flow rate of the mobile phase was 1 ml/min. The optimal UV detection for ranitidine was set at wavelength 315 nm. Between 20 and 30 min after drug administration (10 or 30mg/kg), the ranitidine reached the maximum concentration in the bile. The bile-to-blood distribution ratio (AUC(bile)/AUC(blood)) was 9.8 +/- 1.9 and 13.9 +/- 3.8 at the dosages of 10 and 30 mg/kg, respectively. These studies indicate that ranitidine undergoes hepatobiliary excretion which against concentration gradient from bile-to-blood. In addition, the AUC of ranitidine in bile decreased in the treatment of cyclosporine or quinidine, which suggests that the hepatobiliary excretion of ranitidine was partially regulated by P-glycoprotein or organic cation transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiou-Mei Huang
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Schaiquevich P, Niselman A, Rubio M. Comparison of two compartmental models for describing ranitidine's plasmatic profiles. Pharmacol Res 2002; 45:399-405. [PMID: 12123628 DOI: 10.1006/phrs.2002.0954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The plasmatic profiles of 12 healthy volunteers after oral administration of ranitidine (150 mg) were studied considering two compartmental models. We observed the presence of two peaks. The proposed mechanism responsible for the existence of secondary peaks includes enterohepatic recirculation and the existence of multiple sites of absorption along the gastrointestinal tract. For characterizing the pharmacokinetic aspect of the drug, both phenomena were described using two compartmental models. We calculated the pharmacokinetic parameters and statistical tests after fitting the data of each volunteer under both models proposed. Statistically significant differences were not found in the statistical test values but existed in the area under the curve (AUC) comparing between models. To decide which of the two proposed models gave the best approximation of the physiological phenomenon undergone, we studied the pharmacokinetic of the drug in the rat, an animal without gallbladder. After oral administration of ranitidine, the plasmatic profile of the animals showed at least two peaks. Less than 0.2% of an oral dose was recovered in bile as ranitidine. Therefore, and considering the rat has no post-absorptive depot from where the drug can be released discontinuously, enterohepatic recycling does not seem to contribute significantly to the occurrence of secondary peaks in the concentration-time profiles of rats. Considering the results, we proposed that the best model able to explain the plasmatic profiles found in man and rats after oral administration of ranitidine is the one that presents multiple sites of absorption along the gastrointestinal tract. It is important to define the correct model in the calculation of the AUC and so in the value of the absolute bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Schaiquevich
- Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Buenos Aires, Junín 956 5 composite functionpiso (1113), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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