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Ay Ü, Leníček M, Haider RS, Classen A, van Eijk H, Koelfat KV, van der Kroft G, Neumann UP, Hoffmann C, Bolm C, Olde Damink SW, Schaap FG. Microbially conjugated bile salts found in human bile activate the bile salt receptors TGR5 and FXR. Hepatol Commun 2024; 8:e0383. [PMID: 38517202 PMCID: PMC10962891 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bile salts of hepatic and microbial origin mediate interorgan cross talk in the gut-liver axis. Here, we assessed whether the newly discovered class of microbial bile salt conjugates (MBSCs) activate the main host bile salt receptors (Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 [TGR5] and farnesoid X receptor [FXR]) and enter the human systemic and enterohepatic circulation. METHODS N-amidates of (chenodeoxy) cholic acid and leucine, tyrosine, and phenylalanine were synthesized. Receptor activation was studied in cell-free and cell-based assays. MBSCs were quantified in mesenteric and portal blood and bile of patients undergoing pancreatic surgery. RESULTS MBSCs were activating ligands of TGR5 as evidenced by recruitment of Gsα protein, activation of a cAMP-driven reporter, and diminution of lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine release from macrophages. Intestine-enriched and liver-enriched FXR isoforms were both activated by MBSCs, provided that a bile salt importer was present. The affinity of MBSCs for TGR5 and FXR was not superior to host-derived bile salt conjugates. Individual MBSCs were generally not detected (ie, < 2.5 nmol/L) in human mesenteric or portal blood, but Leu-variant and Phe-variant were readily measurable in bile, where MBSCs comprised up to 213 ppm of biliary bile salts. CONCLUSIONS MBSCs activate the cell surface receptor TGR5 and the transcription factor FXR and are substrates for intestinal (apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter) and hepatic (Na+ taurocholate co-transporting protein) transporters. Their entry into the human circulation is, however, nonsubstantial. Given low systemic levels and a surplus of other equipotent bile salt species, the studied MBSCs are unlikely to have an impact on enterohepatic TGR5/FXR signaling in humans. The origin and function of biliary MBSCs remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ümran Ay
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Leníček
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty General Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Raphael S. Haider
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen’s Medical Center, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Center of Membrane Protein and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Arno Classen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hans van Eijk
- Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kiran V.K. Koelfat
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gregory van der Kroft
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulf. P. Neumann
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Carsten Hoffmann
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Steven W.M. Olde Damink
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank G. Schaap
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Zhang X, Hu J, Li Y, Tang J, Yang K, Zhong A, Liu Y, Zhang T. Gallbladder microbial species and host bile acids biosynthesis linked to cholesterol gallstone comparing to pigment individuals. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1283737. [PMID: 38529471 PMCID: PMC10962445 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1283737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Gallstones are crystalline deposits in the gallbladder that are traditionally classified as cholesterol, pigment, or mixed stones based on their composition. Microbiota and host metabolism variances among the different types of gallstones remain largely unclear. Here, the bile and gallstone microbial species spectra of 29 subjects with gallstone disease (GSD, 24 cholesterol and 5 pigment) were revealed by type IIB restriction site-associated DNA microbiome sequencing (2bRAD-M). Among them (21 subjects: 18 cholesterol and 3 pigment), plasma samples were subjected to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) untargeted metabolomics. The microbiome yielded 896 species comprising 882 bacteria, 13 fungi, and 1 archaeon. Microbial profiling revealed significant enrichment of Cutibacterium acnes and Microbacterium sp005774735 in gallstone and Agrobacterium pusense and Enterovirga sp013044135 in the bile of cholesterol GSD subjects. The metabolome revealed 2296 metabolites, in which malvidin 3-(6''-malonylglucoside), 2-Methylpropyl glucosinolate, and ergothioneine were markedly enriched in cholesterol GSD subjects. Metabolite set enrichment analysis (MSEA) demonstrated enriched bile acids biosynthesis in individuals with cholesterol GSD. Overall, the multi-omics analysis revealed that microbiota and host metabolism interaction perturbations differ depending on the disease type. Perturbed gallstone type-related microbiota may contribute to unbalanced bile acids metabolism in the gallbladder and host, representing a potential early diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for GSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinpeng Zhang
- General Surgery Day Ward, Department of General Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University & The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junqing Hu
- Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University & The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
- The Center of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, Department of General Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University & The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
- Medical Research Center, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University & The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Li
- General Surgery Day Ward, Department of General Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University & The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jichao Tang
- General Surgery Day Ward, Department of General Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University & The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kaijin Yang
- General Surgery Day Ward, Department of General Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University & The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ayan Zhong
- General Surgery Day Ward, Department of General Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University & The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University & The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
- The Center of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, Department of General Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University & The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tongtong Zhang
- Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University & The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
- The Center of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, Department of General Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University & The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
- Medical Research Center, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University & The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
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Del Pozo Iribarren R, Mardones L, Villagrán M, Muñoz K, Troncoso L, Mellado M, Muñoz M. Effect of various dietary fructose concentrations on the gallstone formation process in mice. NUTR HOSP 2024; 41:194-201. [PMID: 37705438 DOI: 10.20960/nh.04610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Background: little information is availaible on the effect of fructose on bile lipids. The first stage in the formation of gallstones corresponds to biliary cholesterol crystallization, derived from the vesicular transporters. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of consuming diets with different fructose concentrations on serum lipids and their implications on gallstones formation. Methods: BALB/c mice divided into a control group as well as groups were treated with different fructose concentrations (10 %, 30 %, 50 % or 70 %) for different periods (1, 2 or 5 months). Blood, liver and bile samples were obtained. In bile samples, cholesterol and phospholipids levels were analyzed, and cholesterol transporters (vesicles and micelles) were separated by gel filtration chromatography. Results: treated animals showed: 1) increases in body weight similar to the control group; 2) a significant increase in plasma triglycerides only at very high fructose concentrations; 3) a significant increase in total serum cholesterol in the treatment for 1 month; 4) no variations in HDL-cholesterol; 5) a significant increase in serum glucose only at very high fructose concentrations in the second month of treatment; 6) no differences in the plasma alanine-aminotransferase activity; 7) a significant increase in liver triglyceride levels only at very high fructose concentrations; 8) no change in biliary lipid concentrations or in micellar and vesicular phospholipids. Conclusion: changes in plasma, liver and bile lipids were only observed at very high fructose concentrations diets. We conclude that fructose apparently does not alter the gallstone formation process in our experimental model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorena Mardones
- Department of Basic Science. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción
| | - Marcelo Villagrán
- Department of Basic Science. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción
| | - Katia Muñoz
- Department of Basic Science. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción
| | - Luciano Troncoso
- Department of Basic Science. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción
| | - Maximiliano Mellado
- Department of Basic Science. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción
| | - Mirna Muñoz
- Department of Basic Science. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción
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Chang JL, Huang CJ, Tsai YC, Chiang NJ, Huang YS, Hung SC, Shan YS, Lee GB. An integrated microfluidic system for automatic detection of cholangiocarcinoma cells from bile. Lab Chip 2024; 24:375-382. [PMID: 38126571 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00862b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive cancer that originates from the epithelial cells lining the bile ducts. Due to its location deep within the body and nonspecific symptoms in the early stages, it is often diagnosed at the advanced stage, thus leading to worse prognosis. Circulating tumor cells within liquid biopsies (i.e. blood) have been considered as promising biomarkers for CCA diagnosis, though current methods for profiling them are not satisfactory in terms of sensitivity and specificity. Herein we developed a new cancer cell probing and immuno-tracking assay known as "CAPTURE", which was performed on an integrated microfluidic system (IMS) to automate CCA diagnosis from bile with a sample amount of only 1 mL. The assay utilized magnetic beads surface-coated with two affinity reagents, a nucleic acid aptamer (HN16) and a glycosaminoglycan (SCH 45-mix), for capturing cancer cells in bile; the "gold standard" anti-epithelial cell adhesion molecule was used as a comparison. In a single-blind test of 54 CCA-positive (+) and 102 CCA-negative (-) clinical samples, sensitivities and specificities of 96 and 80%, respectively, were documented with the CAPTURE assay on-bench. An IMS composed of a centrifugal module for sample pretreatment and a CAPTURE module for cell capture and staining was integrated with a new "vertical integration module" for detecting cancer cells from bile without human intervention. Furthermore, a novel micro-tier structure within the centrifugal module was designed to block passage of gallbladder stones with diameters >1 mm, thereby preventing their interference during the subsequent CAPTURE assay. Improved sensitivity and specificity (100 & 83%, respectively) by using three affinity reagents were achieved on the IMS when using 26 clinical bile samples, confirming its clinical bio-applicability for CCA diagnosis. This approach could be therefore used for early-stage CCA diagnostics, ideally enabling effective treatment, as well as reducing potential for relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Lin Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Jui Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheng Tsai
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Jung Chiang
- Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Shan Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | - Yan-Shen Shan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Gwo-Bin Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Institute of NanoEngineering and MicroSystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Montgomery D, Ji X, Cantin J, Philibert D, Foster G, Selinger S, Jain N, Miller J, McIntyre J, de Jourdan B, Wiseman S, Hecker M, Brinkmann M. Interspecies Differences in 6PPD-Quinone Toxicity Across Seven Fish Species: Metabolite Identification and Semiquantification. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:21071-21079. [PMID: 38048442 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine-quinone (6PPD-Q) is a recently identified contaminant that originates from the oxidation of the tire antidegradant 6PPD. 6PPD-Q is acutely toxic to select salmonids at environmentally relevant concentrations, while other fish species display tolerance to concentrations that surpass those measured in the environment. The reasons for these marked differences in sensitivity are presently unknown. The objective of this research was to explore potential toxicokinetic drivers of species sensitivity by characterizing biliary metabolites of 6PPD-Q in sensitive and tolerant fishes. For the first time, we identified an O-glucuronide metabolite of 6PPD-Q using high-resolution mass spectrometry. The semiquantified levels of this metabolite in tolerant species or life stages, including white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus), chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi), and nonfry life stages of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), were greater than those in sensitive species, including coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), suggesting that tolerant species might detoxify 6PPD-Q more effectively. Thus, we hypothesize that differences in species sensitivity are a result of differences in basal expression of biotransformation enzyme across various fish species. Moreover, the semiquantification of 6PPD-Q metabolites in bile extracted from wild-caught fish might be a useful biomarker of exposure to 6PPD-Q, thereby being valuable to environmental monitoring and risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Montgomery
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Xiaowen Ji
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, 117 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C8, Canada
- Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, 11 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 3H5, Canada
| | - Jenna Cantin
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Danielle Philibert
- Huntsman Marine Science Centre, 1 Lower Campus Road, St. Andrews, New Brunswick E5B 2L7, Canada
| | - Garrett Foster
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, 2606 West Pioneer, Puyallup, Washington 98371, United States
| | - Summer Selinger
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Niteesh Jain
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Justin Miller
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4471 University Drive, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Jenifer McIntyre
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, 2606 West Pioneer, Puyallup, Washington 98371, United States
| | - Benjamin de Jourdan
- Huntsman Marine Science Centre, 1 Lower Campus Road, St. Andrews, New Brunswick E5B 2L7, Canada
| | - Steve Wiseman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4471 University Drive, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Markus Hecker
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, 117 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C8, Canada
| | - Markus Brinkmann
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, 117 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C8, Canada
- Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, 11 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 3H5, Canada
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Kim Y, Jang E, Hyun Shin J, Kim M, Choi D, Chung H. Identification of gallbladder cancer by direct near-infrared measurement of deuterated chloroform-extracted organic phase from human bile. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023; 303:123139. [PMID: 37463552 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
A simple near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopic scheme enabling direct measurement of organic phase extracted from human bile with no spectral interference from the extraction solvent was demonstrated for identification of gallbladder (GB) cancer. This scheme is used to recognize the different lipid contents in bile samples from GB cancer patients using NIR spectroscopy for disease identification. To this end, the extraction solvent should provide an absorption-free NIR region to observe peaks of related metabolite. For this purpose, deuterated chloroform (CDCl3) is uniquely suited as an extraction medium because it has few absorption peaks in the 4380-4100 cm-1 range, where intense peaks for lipids and cholesterol are located. This exploratory study used 37 bile samples (obtained from five normal subjects and nine GB polyp, 11 gallstone, six hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and six GB cancer patients). The transmission NIR spectra of the organic phases extracted using CDCl3 in a commercial glass vial were directly measured. The peak intensities of the GB cancer samples were lower than those of the other samples, and the differences were statistically significant, with a confidence interval greater than 99.0%. The lower lipid and cholesterol contents in the organic phases of the GB cancer samples were effectively identified in the corresponding NIR spectra. Therefore, the proposed NIR scheme is simpler and faster than the previous infrared (IR) measurement approach that requires solvent drying to highlight the buried metabolite peaks under a solvent absorption band.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjung Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjin Jang
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Shin
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kim
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongho Choi
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoeil Chung
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
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Yang C, Xue M, He Y, Yin H, Yang C, Zhong D, Zeng H, Zheng Y, Diao X. Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion of [ 14C]BS1801, a Selenium-Containing Drug Candidate, in Rats. Molecules 2023; 28:8102. [PMID: 38138590 PMCID: PMC10745422 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BS1801 is a selenium-containing drug candidate with potential for treating liver and lung fibrosis. To fully elucidate the biotransformation of BS1801 in animals and provide sufficient preclinical drug metabolism data for human mass balance study, the metabolism of BS1801 in rats was investigated. We used radiolabeling techniques to investigate the mass balance, tissue distribution, and metabolite identification of BS1801 in Sprague-Dawley/Long-Evans rats after a single oral dose of 100 mg/kg (100 μCi/kg) [14C]BS1801: 1. The mean recovery of radioactive substances in urine and feces was 93.39% within 168 h postdose, and feces were the main excretion route. 2. Additionally, less than 1.00% of the dose was recovered from either urine or bile. 3. BS1801-related components were widely distributed throughout the body. 4. Fifteen metabolites were identified in rat plasma, urine, feces, and bile, and BS1801 was detected only in feces. 5. BS1801-M484, the methylation product obtained via a N-Se bond reduction in BS1801, was the most abundant drug-related component in plasma. The main metabolic pathways of BS1801 were reduction, amide hydrolysis, oxidation, and methylation. Overall, BS1801 was distributed throughout the body, and excreted mainly as an intact BS1801 form through feces. No differences were observed between male and female rats in distribution, metabolism, and excretion of BS1801.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China;
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; (Y.H.); (C.Y.); (D.Z.)
| | - Mingzhen Xue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substances of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China;
| | - Yifei He
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; (Y.H.); (C.Y.); (D.Z.)
| | - Hanwei Yin
- Shanghai Yuanxi Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China;
| | - Chen Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; (Y.H.); (C.Y.); (D.Z.)
| | - Dafang Zhong
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; (Y.H.); (C.Y.); (D.Z.)
| | - Huihui Zeng
- Shanghai Yuanxi Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China;
| | - Yuandong Zheng
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; (Y.H.); (C.Y.); (D.Z.)
| | - Xingxing Diao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China;
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; (Y.H.); (C.Y.); (D.Z.)
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8
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Liu F, Hao X, Liu B, Liu S, Yuan Y. Bile liquid biopsy in biliary tract cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 551:117593. [PMID: 37839517 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Biliary tract cancers are heterogeneous in etiology, morphology and molecular characteristics thus impacting disease management. Diagnosis is complex and prognosis poor. The advent of liquid biopsy has provided a unique approach to more thoroughly understand tumor biology in general and biliary tract cancers specifically. Due to their minimally invasive nature, liquid biopsy can be used to serially monitor disease progression and allow real-time monitoring of tumor genetic profiles as well as therapeutic response. Due to the unique anatomic location of biliary tract cancer, bile provides a promising biologic fluid for this purpose. This review focuses on the composition of bile and the use of these various components, ie, cells, extracellular vesicles, nucleic acids, proteins and metabolites as potential biomarkers. Based on the disease characteristics and research status of biliary tract cancer, considerable effort should be made to increase understanding of this disease, promote research and development into early diagnosis, develop efficient diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fusheng Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, PR China; Clinical Medicine Research Center for Minimally Invasive Procedure of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xingyuan Hao
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, PR China; Clinical Medicine Research Center for Minimally Invasive Procedure of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, PR China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, PR China; Clinical Medicine Research Center for Minimally Invasive Procedure of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, PR China
| | - Songmei Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Center for Gene Diagnosis, and Program of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yufeng Yuan
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, PR China; Clinical Medicine Research Center for Minimally Invasive Procedure of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, PR China; TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, PR China.
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Zhang X, Han S, Jiang X, Duan S, Gao Y, Ding J, Li X, Sun B, Hu X, Zhang X, Zhang W. Comparative analysis of bile metabolic profile in patients with biliary obstruction complicated by Clonorchis sinensis infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1254016. [PMID: 37868349 PMCID: PMC10585366 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1254016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Clonorchiasis is an important foodborne parasitic disease. However, eggs of Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis) cannot be detected in feces during biliary obstruction. Moreover, many diseases can cause biliary obstruction, such as gallstones, adenocarcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma and Ascaris lumbricoides infection. Therefore, it is of great significance to distinguish between patients of biliary obstruction and biliary obstruction with C. sinensis infection. Methods A total of 48 biliary obstruction patients were enrolled, including 23 infected with C. sinensis (C. sinensis) (OB+C.s) and 25 non-infected subjects (OB). The bile samples were collected by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and analyzed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF MS). Additionally, multivariate statistical analysis methods were employed to identify differential metabolites. Next, bile amino acid levels were determined by targeted metabolomics analysis. Result A total of 146 and 132 significant metabolites were identified in electrospray ionization (ESI)+ and ESI- modes, respectively. The levels of amino acids (asparagine, glutamate, ornithine) and polyamines (spermidine and spermine) were significantly changed. Targeted analysis showed that the levels of amino acids (such as L-arginine, L-glutamine, L-lysine, L-propionic, and L-tyrosine) were lower in OB+C.s patients compared to those in OB patients. Marked metabolic pathways were involved in "Glutathione metabolism", "Caffeine metabolism", "Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism", "Arginine and proline metabolism", "Purine metabolism", "Beta-Alanine metabolism", and "D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism". Conclusion These results show that there were significant differences between OB+C.s and OB patients, especially in amino acids. The metabolic signature and perturbations in metabolic pathways may help to better distinguish OB+C.s and OB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Su Han
- Department of Parasitology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xu Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shanshan Duan
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yannan Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jian Ding
- Department of Parasitology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Parasitology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Beibei Sun
- Clinical Laboratory, Zhuhai Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xinyi Hu
- Department of Stomatology, Laixi People's Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Weizhe Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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10
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Bui TT, Jang E, Shin JH, Kim TH, Kim H, Choi D, Vu TD, Chung H. Feasibility of Raman spectroscopic identification of gall bladder cancer using extracellular vesicles extracted from bile. Analyst 2023; 148:4156-4165. [PMID: 37501647 DOI: 10.1039/d3an00806a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are heterogeneous membrane-based vesicles with bilayer cell membrane structures, could be versatile biomarkers for the identification of diverse diseases including cancers. With this potential, this study has attempted the Raman spectroscopic identification of gall bladder (GB) cancer by directly measuring the EV solution extracted from human bile without further sample drying. For this purpose, bile samples were obtained from four normal individuals and 21 GB polyp, eight hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and five GB cancer patients, and EVs were extracted from each of the bile samples. The Raman peak shapes of the EVs extracted from the GB cancer samples, especially the relative intensities of peaks in the 1560-1340 cm-1 range, were dissimilar to those of the samples from the normal, GB polyp, and HCC groups. The intensity ratios of peaks at 1537 and 1453 cm-1 and at 1395 and 1359 cm-1 of the GB cancer samples were lower and higher, respectively, than those of the samples of the remaining three groups. The differences of peak intensity ratios were statistically significant based on the Mann-Whitney U test. DNA/RNA bases, amino acids, and bile salts contributed to the spectra of EVs, and their relative abundances seemed to vary according to the occurrence of GB cancer. The varied metabolite compositions and/or structures of EVs were successfully demonstrated by the dissimilar peak intensity ratios in the Raman spectra, thereby enabling the discrimination of GB cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu Thuy Bui
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eunjin Jang
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Hyun Shin
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hun Kim
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayoon Kim
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongho Choi
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Tung Duy Vu
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hoeil Chung
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
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11
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da Silva DAM, Gates JB, O'Neill SM, West JE, Ylitalo GM. Assessing hydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (OHPAH) metabolites in bile of English sole (Parophrys vetulus) from Puget Sound, WA, USA by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Sci Total Environ 2023; 865:161229. [PMID: 36586683 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants that are widely monitored in marine biota from urbanized areas, due to their toxicity to aquatic organisms. Teleost fish can quickly metabolize PAHs into hydroxylated forms (OHPAHs) that, in some cases, are more toxic than the parent (unmetabolized) PAHs. But due to this fast metabolism, monitoring traditional parent PAHs in fish can cause underestimation on assessing PAH exposure. In addition, environmental levels of individual OHPAH metabolites are lacking in the literature worldwide. Therefore, we developed a rapid and accurate analytical method in which a number of individual OHPAHs metabolites are measured simultaneously in fish bile, via liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, including low and high molecular weight mono- and diol-OHPAHs. We analyzed bile samples of 119 English sole (Parophrys vetulus) collected from 14 Puget Sound, WA, USA, sites, which has multiple sources of PAHs, including urban stormwater runoff, wastewater effluents, as well as an inactive creosote facility. The mean (± SD) biliary summed OHPAH (∑OHPAH) concentrations determined in English sole from urban, near-urban, and non-urban sites were 790 ± 1400 (n = 46), 310 ± 330 (n = 44) and 130 ± 200 (n = 29) ng/mL, respectively, with a maximum reaching 9400 ng/mL in a sample from an urban site. We compared these novel biliary OHPAH metabolite data with parent PAHs measured in stomach content of the same individual sole. Biliary ∑OHPAH concentrations were significantly correlated with the levels of ∑PAH in stomach content, however, with major differences in their distribution. We also demonstrated that biliary OHPAH metabolite data in English sole can potentially be used to distinguish different sampling sites due to a specific variety and intensity of PAH sources in the aquatic environment, which makes this a very important analytical approach for assessing PAH exposure in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis A M da Silva
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, WA 98112, USA.
| | - Jonelle B Gates
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, WA 98112, USA
| | - Sandra M O'Neill
- Marine Resources Division, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, 1111 Washington St SE, Olympia, WA 98501, USA
| | - James E West
- Marine Resources Division, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, 1111 Washington St SE, Olympia, WA 98501, USA
| | - Gina M Ylitalo
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, WA 98112, USA
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12
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Chen Y, Yu W, Zhang L, Cao L, Ling J, Liao K, Shen G, Du W, Chen K, Zhao M, Wu J, Jin H. First evidence of neonicotinoid insecticides in human bile and associated hepatotoxicity risk. J Hazard Mater 2023; 446:130715. [PMID: 36603418 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids (NEOs) are widely applied in agricultural lands and are widespread in different environments, accelerating threats to ecosystems and human health. A number of in vitro/in vivo studies have reported adverse effects of NEOs on mammalian health, but the link between NEO exposure and toxic effects on human liver remains unclear. We randomly recruited 201 participants and quantified eight commercialized NEOs in bile. High frequency and concentration of detection indicate low degradation of human liver on NEOs. The main NEOs are nitenpyram and dinotefuran, which contribute to about 86% of the total residual levels of eight NEOs, due to the highest solubility in bile and are not degraded easily in liver. In contrast, imidacloprid and thiacloprid are major compounds in human blood, according to previous studies, suggesting that individual NEOs behave differently in blood and bile distribution. There was no statistical difference in NEO residues between cancer and non-cancer participants and among the different participant demographics (e.g., age, gender, and body mass index). The serum hematological parameters -bile acid, total bilirubin, cholesterol and alkaline phosphatase -were positively correlated with individual NEO concentrations, suggesting that NEO exposure affects liver metabolism and even enterohepatic circulation. The study first examined the NEO residues in human bile and provided new insights into their bioavailability and hepatoxicity risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanchen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, PR China
| | - Wenfei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, PR China
| | - Linping Cao
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China
| | - Jun Ling
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, PR China
| | - Kaizhen Liao
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, PR China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Wei Du
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science &Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Kangjie Chen
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China
| | - Meirong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, PR China
| | - Jian Wu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China
| | - Hangbiao Jin
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, PR China.
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Jang E, Jung S, Sohng W, Choi D, Hwang GS, Chung H. Screening of gall bladder cancer through infrared analysis of bile and examination of varied bile constituent composition by the disease. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023; 286:122030. [PMID: 36323093 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To demonstrate the infrared (IR)-based bile analysis as a reliable screening tool for gall bladder (GB) cancer, we analyzed a sample set of 37 diverse bile samples (five normal, 18 GB polyp, six hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and eight GB cancer subjects). Bile samples of normal subjects (control) and HCC patients were newly included to examine if IR-based bile analysis could be expanded to identify HCC. Concentrations of three bile acids and eight bile salts in the aqueous phase samples were determined in parallel and lipidomic analysis of nine lipid classes in the organic phase samples was performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Concentrations of bile salts were lower and relative abundances of bile salts were dissimilar between GB cancer samples and remained group samples. Also, the levels of lipids such as phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines were again lower and their relative abundances in the organic phase of GB cancer samples were different from those of other samples. IR spectral features of the aqueous, organic, and amphiphilic aggregate phases were individually characteristic, while not descriptive enough for the thorough identification of GB cancer. Nonetheless, since they were mutually complementary to represent different metabolites in bile, the use of three phase-merged spectra was synergetic to yield the superior discrimination of GB cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjin Jang
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhee Jung
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 03759, Republic of Korea
| | - Woosuk Sohng
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongho Choi
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum-Sook Hwang
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 03759, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hoeil Chung
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Zhang Y, Wei J, Li L, Liu Y, Sun S, Xu L, Liu S, Wang Z, Yang L. Rapid identification of bear bile powder from other bile sources using chip-based nano-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2022; 36:e9326. [PMID: 35582902 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Bear bile powder (BBP) is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and bile acids (BAs) are the main active components in BBP. Due to the scarcity of BBP resources, adulterations often occur in the market. Conventional methods to distinguish them are usually complicated and time-consuming. To enhance effectiveness and accuracy, a rapid and rough analytical method is desperately needed. METHODS In this study, a rapid strategy using chip-based nano-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (nano-ESI-MS/MS) was established to distinguish BBP from other sources of bile powder (BP). In addition, the results were further verified by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography combined with high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS). RESULTS The precision of the chip-based nano-ESI-MS/MS method was validated to be acceptable with relative standard deviation (RSD) <15%. The distinction between BBP and other sources of BP, including common adulterants of pig bile powder (PBP), cattle bile powder (CBP), sheep bile powder (SBP), and chicken bile powder (CkBP), can be observed in the spectra. By using orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), more potential m/z markers were investigated. A BAs-related m/z marker of 498.3 was discovered as a typical differential molecular ion peak and was identified as tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) and taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA) in BBP. CONCLUSIONS The proposed strategy has simple sample pretreatment steps and significantly shortened analysis time. As an emerging technology, chip-based nano-ESI-MS not only provides a reference for the rapid distinction of adulterated Chinese medicines, but also provides some insights into the identification of other chemicals and foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaojiao Wei
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Linnan Li
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yamin Liu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Sun
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Shanghai Kaibao Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoyong Liu
- Shanghai Kaibao Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Zhang YY, Wu LP, Feng YF, Ren H, Kang HJ, Zhu Y, Guo S, Su SL, Qian DW, Duan JA. [Identification of metabolites of Yiqi Baoyuan Prescription in rat plasma, bile, urine and feces after oral administration]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2022; 47:4469-4479. [PMID: 36046877 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20220215.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to determine the metabolites of Yiqi Baoyuan Prescription(YQBYP) in rats. The ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-TOF-MS) and mass defect filter(MDF) were employed to analyze the metabolites of YQBYP in rat plasma, bile, urine and feces. Chromatographic separation was conducted on Acquity UPLC BEH C_(18) column(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm) under gradient elution with 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution(A)-acetonitrile(B), and the column temperature was 30 ℃. Electrospray ion(ESI) source was used under positive and negative ion modes, with capillary voltage of 3.0 kV and mass scanning range of m/z 100-1 000. In this experiment, 9 prototype components and 36 metabolites were identified in rat plasma, bile, urine and feces samples. The results showed that the main metabolic pathways of YQBYP in rats involved methylation, demethylation, oxidation, and other phase Ⅰ reactions as well as glucuronidation, sulfation, and other phase Ⅱ reactions. This study provided scientific basis for clarifying the therapeutic material basis of YQBYP and product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ying Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Li-Ping Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae Research, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yi-Fan Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae Research, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hui Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae Research, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hong-Jie Kang
- Ningxia Goji Innovation Center Yinchuan 750002, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Sheng Guo
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shu-Lan Su
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Da-Wei Qian
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Resource Industrialization of Chinese Materia Medica and Prescriptionoriented Innovative Drugs, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023, China
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Guan Y, Xu F, Zhang X, Fu X, Wang J, Song S, Sun Y, Yuan Q, Zhu F. Roles of ursodeoxycholic acid in the bile biochemistry and metabolomics in patients with choledocholithiasis: a prospective study. Metabolomics 2022; 18:46. [PMID: 35778620 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-022-01906-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recurrence after the endoscopic treatment of common bile duct stones (CBDS) is related to bile metabolism and bile compositions. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has been proved effective in reducing the recurrence of CBDS. However, the detailed effects of UDCA on bile metabolism are still not extensively explored. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to analyze the role of UDCA in patients with choledocholithiasis (CDC) from the perspective of biochemistry and metabolomics. METHODS A total of 89 patients with CDC who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography were prospectively examined and randomly assigned to control and UDCA groups. The biochemical detections (cholesterol, bilirubin, and so on) were performed on the collected bile. Moreover, the metabolomics analysis was conducted based on bile from 20 patients in the UDCA group. RESULTS The bile levels of cholesterol and endotoxins significantly decreased after UDCA treatment. Regarding bile metabolomics, the levels of 25 metabolites changed significantly after UDCA treatment. The pathway enrichment analysis showed that the UDCA addition evoked a common response related to phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis; phenylalanine metabolism; arachidonic acid metabolism; and terpenoid backbone biosynthesis. CONCLUSIONS UDCA treatment within a short time interval (7 days) did not improve the circulating laboratory values in patients with CDC who had undergone endoscopy surgery. However, relevant decreases in the bile levels of cholesterol and endotoxin were observed. UDCA evoked a common response related to lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism, which probably reduced the bile level of cholesterol, protected hepatocytes, and corrected the abnormality of lipid metabolism caused by CDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Guan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 150 Jimo Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 150 Jimo Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 150 Jimo Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Xiao Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 150 Jimo Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 150 Jimo Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Sentao Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 150 Jimo Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 150 Jimo Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Qiongying Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 150 Jimo Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 150 Jimo Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200120, China.
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Zhu H, Wang G, Bai Y, Tao Y, Wang L, Yang L, Wu H, Huang F, Shi H, Wu X. Natural bear bile powder suppresses neuroinflammation in lipopolysaccharide-treated mice via regulating TGR5/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 289:115063. [PMID: 35149130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE According to the Tang Dynasty classics Dietetic Material Medica and the Ming Dynasty classics Compendium of Materia Medica records, bear bile powder (BBP) has been used to treat a variety of diseases, such as febrile seizures, the pathogenesis of which is associated to neuroinflammation. However, the mechanism of BBP on alleviating neuroinflammation remains unclear. AIMS OF THE STUDY Microglia can be activated by peripheral lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and play an important role in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects and mechanism of BBP in inhibiting LPS-induced microglia inflammation in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS The anti-microglia inflammatory effects and mechanism of BBP were assessed in LPS-treated BV2 microglial cells and in LPS-treated mice. The mRNA expression levels of the inflammatory factor and the protein expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), takeda G-protein coupled receptor 5 (TGR5), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), inhibitor of NF-κB (IκBɑ), protein kinase B (AKT) in BV2 cells, mouse hippocampus and cortex were detected. The NF-κB transcription activity and NF-κB nuclear translocation were observed. RESULTS Our findings showed that BBP reduces branched process retraction and NO in LPS-treated BV2 cells, inhibits the protein expression of ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 in the hippocampus of LPS-treated mice. Moreover, we observed that BBP decreases tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β mRNA levels, deceases iNOS and COX-2 protein levels, increases TGR5 protein levels, suppresses the phosphorylation of AKT, NF-κB and IκBɑ protein in microglia both in vitro and in vivo. Further, we found that triamterene, the inhibitor of TGR5, abolishes the effects of BBP in LPS- treated BV2 cells. CONCLUSION BBP inhibits LPS-induced microglia activation, and the mechanism of its action is partly through TGR5/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The State Administration of TCM (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Gaorui Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The State Administration of TCM (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yuyan Bai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The State Administration of TCM (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yanlin Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The State Administration of TCM (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lupeng Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The State Administration of TCM (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Liu Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The State Administration of TCM (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hui Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The State Administration of TCM (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Fei Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The State Administration of TCM (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hailian Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The State Administration of TCM (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The State Administration of TCM (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Vageli DP, Doukas PG, Doukas SG, Tsatsakis A, Judson BL. Noxious Combination of Tobacco Smoke Nitrosamines with Bile, Deoxycholic Acid, Promotes Hypopharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma, via NFκB, In Vivo. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2022; 15:297-308. [PMID: 35502554 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-21-0529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is the most known risk factor for hypopharyngeal cancer. Bile reflux has recently been documented as an independent risk factor for NFκB-mediated hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. However, the carcinogenic effect of tobacco smoke on the hypopharynx and its combination with bile has not yet been proven by direct evidence. We investigated whether in vivo chronic exposure (12-14 weeks) of murine (C57Bl/6J) hypopharyngeal epithelium to tobacco smoke components (TSC) [N-nitrosamines; 4-(N-Methyl-N-Nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (0.2 mmol/L), N-nitrosodiethylamine (0.004 mmol/L)], as the sole drinking fluid 5 days per week, along with topically applied (two times/day) bile [deoxycholic acid (0.28 mmol/L)], can accelerate a possible TSC-induced neoplastic process, by enhancing NFκB activation and the associated oncogenic profile, using histologic, IHC, and qPCR analyses. We provide direct evidence of TSC-induced premalignant lesions, which can be exacerbated by the presence of bile, causing invasive carcinoma. The combined chronic exposure of the hypopharynx to TSC with bile causes advanced NFκB activation and profound overexpression of Il6, Tnf, Stat3, Egfr, Wnt5a, composing an aggressive phenotype. We document for the first time the noxious combination of bile with a known risk factor, such as tobacco smoke nitrosamines, in the development and progression of hypopharyngeal cancer, via NFκB, in vivo. The data presented here encourage further investigation into the incidence of upper aerodigestive tract cancers in smokers with bile reflux and the early identification of high-risk individuals in clinical practice. This in vivo model is also suitable for large-scale studies to reveal the nature of inflammatory-associated aerodigestive tract carcinogenesis and its targeted therapy. PREVENTION RELEVANCE Early assessment of bile components in refluxate of tobacco users can prevent the chronic silent progression of upper aerodigestive tract carcinogenesis. This in vivo model indicates that bile reflux might have an additive effect on the tobacco-smoke N-nitrosamines effect and could be suitable for large-scale studies of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra P Vageli
- The Yale Larynx Laboratory, Department of Surgery (Otolaryngology), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Panagiotis G Doukas
- The Yale Larynx Laboratory, Department of Surgery (Otolaryngology), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sotirios G Doukas
- The Yale Larynx Laboratory, Department of Surgery (Otolaryngology), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Toxicology, Department of Forensic Sciences and Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers/Saint Peter's University Hospital, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Department of Toxicology, Department of Forensic Sciences and Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Benjamin L Judson
- The Yale Larynx Laboratory, Department of Surgery (Otolaryngology), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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19
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Lei Z, Wu H, Yang Y, Hu Q, Lei Y, Liu W, Nie Y, Yang L, Zhang X, Yang C, Lin T, Tong F, Zhu J, Guo J. Dihydroartemisinin improves hypercholesterolemia in ovariectomized mice via enhancing vectorial transport of cholesterol and bile acids from blood to bile. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 53:116520. [PMID: 34847494 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The increase of concentrations of total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the serum of postmenopausal women is the important risk factor of the high morbidity of cardiovascular diseases of old women worldwide. To test the anti-hypercholesterolemia function of dihydroartemisinin (DHA) in postmenopausal women, ovariectomized (OVX) mice were generated, and DHA were administrated to OVX mice for 4 weeks. The blood and liver tissues were collected for biochemical and histological tests respectively. The mRNA and protein expression levels of genes related to metabolism and transport of cholesterol, bile acid and fatty acid in the liver or ileum were checked through qPCR and western blot. DHA could significantly reduce the high concentrations of TC and LDL-C in the serum and the lipid accumulation in the liver of ovariectomized mice. The expression of ABCG5/8 was reduced in liver of OVX mice, and DHA could up-regulate the expression of them. Genes of transport proteins for bile salt transport from blood to bile, including Slc10a1, Slco1b2 and Abcb11, were also significantly up-regulated by DHA. DHA also down-regulated the expression of Slc10a2 in the ileum of OVX mice to reduce the absorption of bile salts. Genes required for fatty acid synthesis and uptake, such as Fasn and CD36, were reduced in the liver of OVX mice, and DHA administration could significantly up-regulate the expression of them. These results demonstrated that DHA could improve hypercholesterolemia in OVX mice through enhancing the vectorial transport of cholesterol and bile acid from blood to bile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zili Lei
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Huijuan Wu
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yanhong Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital (School of Clinical Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Nong-Lin-Xia Road 19(#), Yue-Xiu District, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Qing Hu
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yuting Lei
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Wanwan Liu
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Ya Nie
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Lanxiang Yang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Changyuan Yang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Ting Lin
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Fengxue Tong
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jiamin Zhu
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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20
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Matsche MA, Pulster EL. Seasonal variation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites in bile of white perch Morone americana from two Chesapeake Bay tributaries. Dis Aquat Organ 2021; 147:63-86. [PMID: 34854819 DOI: 10.3354/dao03637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) accumulation in the bile is a reliable biomarker of recent exposure to environmental PAH and elevated concentrations have been identified as significant risk factors for hepatic disease in some fish species. Recent surveys (spring 2019) revealed a high incidence of hepatic lesions in white perch Morone americana from Chesapeake Bay, but this initial survey did not detect an association between PAH metabolites and lesions. Seasonal sampling of fish was extended through the winter 2020 to increase the metabolite and hepatic lesion database and better understand annual PAH exposures to white perch. Naphthalenes, phenanthrenes, and benzo[a]pyrenes (equivalents) were analyzed in bile specimens (n = 400) using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Mean concentrations of metabolites were highest in fish collected from the urbanized Severn River in summer and were lowest in fish from the more rural Choptank River in winter. Variance in metabolite concentrations were primarily due to location and season. Seasonal fluctuations in water temperature, river discharge, or feeding status had little influence on the pattern of metabolite concentrations observed. The results suggest higher exposures of fish to environmental PAH in the more developed Severn River with significant increases during summer, which could correspond to a spike in seasonal recreational motor boat use or other human activities. A better understanding of the factors that contribute to variability in PAH metabolism and the enterohepatic biliary circulation in white perch will improve the usefulness of biliary metabolites as a biomarker of PAH exposure in Chesapeake Bay and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Matsche
- Cooperative Oxford Laboratory, Oxford, Maryland 21654, USA
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21
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Abstract
Agonism of the G protein-coupled bile acid receptor "Takeda G-protein receptor 5" (TGR5) aids in attenuating cholesterol accumulation due to atherosclerotic progression. Although mammalian bile compounds can activate TGR5, they are generally weak agonists, and more effective compounds need to be identified. In this study, two marine bile compounds (5β-scymnol and its sulfate) were compared with mammalian bile compounds deoxycholic acid (DCA) and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) using an in vitro model of TGR5 agonism. The response profiles of human embryonic kidney 293 cells (HEK293) transfected to overexpress TGR5 (HEK293-TGR5) and incubated with subcytotoxic concentrations of test compounds were compared to nontransfected HEK293 control cells using the specific calcium-binding fluorophore Fura-2AM to measure intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i release. Scymnol and scymnol sulfate caused a sustained increase in [Ca2+]i within TGR5 cells only, which was abolished by a specific inhibitor for Gαq protein (UBO-QIC). Sustained increases in [Ca2+]i were seen in both cell types with DCA exposure; this was unaffected by UBO-QIC, indicating that TGR5 activation was not involved. Exposure to UDCA did not alter [Ca2+]i, suggesting a lack of TGR5 bioactivity. These findings demonstrated that both scymnol and scymnol sulfate are novel agonists of TGR5 receptors, showing therapeutic potential for treating atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Halkias
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - William G Darby
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Bryce N Feltis
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Peter McIntyre
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Theodore A Macrides
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Paul F A Wright
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
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22
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Braham MY, Franchi A, Cartiser N, Bévalot F, Bottinelli C, Fabrizi H, Fanton L. Fatal 4-MEC Intoxication: Case Report and Review of Literature. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2021; 42:57-61. [PMID: 32773434 DOI: 10.1097/paf.0000000000000599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Synthetic cathinones are one of the major pharmacological families of new psychoactive substances and 4-methylethcathinone (4-MEC) has emerged in recent years as a recreational psychostimulant. We report a case of a 35-year-old man found dead and naked at home by his friend. Although no anatomic cause of death was observed at autopsy, toxicological analysis identified 4-MEC and hydroxyzine at therapeutic level (160 ng/mL). 4-Methylethcathinone was quantified in autopsy samples by a validated method consisting in liquid-liquid extraction and gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry: peripheral blood, 14.6 μg/mL; cardiac blood, 43.4 μg/mL; urine, 619 μg/mL; vitreous humor, right 2.9 μg/mL and left 4.4 μg/mL; bile, 43.5 μg/mL; and gastric content, 28.2 μg/mL. The cause of death was 4-MEC intoxication and the manner of death could be either accidental or suicidal. The literature concerning 4-MEC was reviewed, focusing on distribution in classical postmortem matrices and 4-MEC metabolism and postmortem redistribution and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Yassine Braham
- From the Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Service of Forensic Medicine
| | | | - Nathalie Cartiser
- From the Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Service of Forensic Medicine
| | | | | | - Hervé Fabrizi
- From the Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Service of Forensic Medicine
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Ji QG, Ma MH, Hu XM, Zhang YJ, Xu XH, Nian H. Detection and structural characterization of the metabolites of dihydroresveratrol in rats by liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2021; 35:e8991. [PMID: 33125777 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Dihydroresveratrol has been demonstrated to possess a wide spectrum of bioactivities, such as anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate the metabolic profiles of dihydroresveratrol in rats. METHODS The in vitro metabolism was elucidated by incubating dihydroresveratrol with rat hepatocytes for 2 h at 37°C. For in vivo metabolism, dihydroresveratrol was orally administered to rats at a single dose of 50 mg/kg and the resulting biliary and urinary samples were collected. All the samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry. The structures of the metabolites were proposed based on their accurate masses and their MS/MS product ions. RESULTS A total of 16 metabolites including three phase I metabolites and 13 phase II metabolites were detected and structurally proposed. Among these metabolites, M6 and M14 were unambiguously identified as 3'-hydroxylresveratrol and resveratrol, respectively, using reference standards. Dihydroresveratrol was mainly metabolized into resveratrol (M14) and a glucuronide conjugate (M12), which were excreted into urine and bile as the major metabolites. CONCLUSIONS The metabolic pathways of dihydroresveratrol involved hydroxylation, dehydrogenation, glucuronidation, glutathione (GSH) conjugation and methylation. The present study provided useful information with regard to the metabolic profiles of dihydroresveratrol in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang-Guo Ji
- Department of Pharmacy, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Ming-Hua Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Xue-Mei Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Yi-Jun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Hua Nian
- Department of Pharmacy, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
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Wang B, Lu Y, Hu X, Feng J, Shen W, Wang R, Wang H. Systematic Strategy for Metabolites of Amentoflavone In Vivo and In Vitro Based on UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS Analysis. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:14808-14823. [PMID: 33322906 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Amentoflavone, a biflavonoid occurring in many edible supplements, possesses some bioactivities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammation, antitumor, and neuroprotective activities. In the present study, an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) method, combined with a three-step analytical strategy, was employed to identify metabolites in vivo (rat plasma, bile, urine, and feces) and in vitro (rat liver microsomes and rat intestine microsomes). A total of 39 metabolites in rats and nine metabolites in rat microsomes were elucidated by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis, and the chemical structure of some isomers was further assigned by calculated Clog P values. Oxidation, internal hydrolysis, hydrogenation, methylation, sulfation, glucuronidation, glucosylation, O-aminomethylation, and degradation were the major metabolic pathways of amentoflavone. Noteworthy, O-aminomethylation and glucosylation could be considered as unique metabolic pathways of amentoflavone. This was the first report on metabolite identification of amentoflavone in vivo and in vitro, and the metabolic findings offer novel and valuable evidence for an in-depth understanding of the safety and efficacy of amentoflavone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCM Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Quality Control and Safety Evaluation of TCM, Nanchang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanchang 330012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yimeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCM Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCM Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCM Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCM Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCM Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCM Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
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Awwad A, Berman Z, Krinsky M, Minocha J, Roberts A. Daily Infusion of Acetylcysteine via Percutaneous Biliary Drainage Catheter to Reduce Bile Viscosity and Prevent Recurrent Cholangitis. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2020; 32:486-487. [PMID: 33272815 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andy Awwad
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Zach Berman
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Mary Krinsky
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Jeet Minocha
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Anne Roberts
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
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Santos C, Bueno Dos Reis Martinez C. Biotransformation in the fish Prochilodus lineatus: An organ-specific approach to cyp1a gene expression and biochemical activity. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 80:103467. [PMID: 32791344 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The biotransformation ability of the organism is the result of organ-specific responses. This paper presents a molecular and biochemical approach to elucidate the biotransformation mechanisms in different organs of Prochilodus lineatus induced at 6, 24, and 96 h after a benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) injection. The induction in cyp1a transcription showed an organ-specific intensity at every tested time time. The EROD (ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase) activity increased rapidly (6 h) in the liver and the kidney; the gills and the brain showed an increase at 24 h; and the gills demonstrated the highest activity among all the organs tested. There was no increase in glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity or lipoperoxidation. The decreased hepatic glutathione content (GSH) may be due to its role as an antioxidant. B[a]P was detected in the bile, confirming the xenobiotic efflux from the metabolizing organs. The gills, liver, brain, and kidney of P. lineatus presented an integrated mechanism to deal with the xenobiotic biotransformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Santos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid, km 380, Londrina, Parana, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Claudia Bueno Dos Reis Martinez
- Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid, km 380, Londrina, Parana, 86057-970, Brazil.
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Zhang F, Li Z, Li M, Yuan Y, Cui S, Chen J, Li R. An integrated strategy for profiling the chemical components of Scutellariae Radix and their exogenous substances in rats by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2020; 34:e8823. [PMID: 32396660 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) attract worldwide attention because of their effects in clinical application recorded in China historical ancient codes and in records, such as 'Treatise on Febrile Diseases'. With the developments of drug analysis and research, evaluating the in vivo substances in TCMs has become of great importance. Scutellariae Radix (SR, named as huang-qing in China), the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, has shown favorable clinical effects and safety in the treatment of infection diseases; however, its in vivo compounds are unclear and need detailed investigation. METHODS An ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/QTOF MS) method coupled to an integrated strategy involving diagnostic ions, neutral losses and a prediction platform was used to explore the constituents of SR, and their exogenous substances in rats. RESULTS A total of 118 chemical constituents mainly featuring five chemical structure types (flavone C-glycosides, flavone O-glycosides, free flavones, flavanones and phenylethanoid glycosides) were identified or tentatively characterized in SR, and 175 xenobiotics (68 prototypes and 107 metabolites) were profiled in rat plasma, urine, bile and feces after ingestion of SR. The metabolites were classified into four related chemical groups: flavone C-glycosides, flavone O-glycosides, flavanones and phenylethanoid glycosides. Phase II metabolism reactions, such as glucuronidation and sulfation, were the major metabolic reactions in addition to phase I reactions of hydrolysis and hydrogenation. The corresponding main metabolic features of SR in rats were also elucidated. CONCLUSIONS The metabolism of SR, as a whole, was systemically revealed for the first time, and our work also provided meaningful information for pharmacokinetics studies and pharmacological analysis of SR in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxiang Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Formula-pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Ziting Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Min Li
- Hainan Trauma and Disaster Rescue Key Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Yulinglan Yuan
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Shuangshuang Cui
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jiaxu Chen
- Formula-pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Ruiman Li
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
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Sebastianelli M, Forte C, Galarini R, Gobbi M, Pistidda E, Moncada C, Cannizzo FT, Pezzolato M, Bozzetta E, Cenci-Goga BT, Manuali E. LC-MS/MS analyses of bile and histological analyses of thymus as diagnostic tools to detect low dose dexamethasone illicit treatment in beef cattle at slaughterhouse. Steroids 2020; 160:108671. [PMID: 32464136 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2020.108671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Dexamethasone (DXM) is a synthetic adrenal corticosteroid with anti-inflammatory properties used for therapeutic purposes in a wide range of pathologies and of the most common corticosteroids used for anabolic purposes in beef cattle. It is proven that DXM induces histological changes, traceable as increasing fatty infiltration of the thymus associated with a concurrent decrease of the cortex-medulla ratio, so the histological examination of the thymus gland has been established as an indirect morphological biomarker. The aim of the present study is to compare thymus histology and DXM concentrations in biological fluids collected at slaughterhouse after 1 month of DXM treatment. Our findings demonstrate that a low dosage of DXM administered to 12 months-old-Chianina beef cattle induces severe thymic atrophy with concurrent reduction of the cortex/medulla ratio, demonstrable even when DXM residues are not found in serum and urine samples. It is worth to note that, at the slaughterhouse, DXM residues are detectable in bile samples, indicating the ability of this biological fluid to bio-concentrate the administered drug if compared to serum and urine. Therefore, bile could be candidates as new liquid matrix for the screening programs planned to contrast the illegal use of anabolic substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Sebastianelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", 06126 - Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudio Forte
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", 06126 - Perugia, Italy.
| | - Roberta Galarini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", 06126 - Perugia, Italy.
| | - Marco Gobbi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", 06126 - Perugia, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Pistidda
- Igiene degli allevamenti e delle Produzioni Zootecniche, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Umbria 1, 06121 - Perugia, Italy.
| | - Claudia Moncada
- Igiene degli allevamenti e delle Produzioni Zootecniche, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Umbria 1, 06121 - Perugia, Italy.
| | | | - Marzia Pezzolato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, 10154 - Torino, Italy.
| | - Elena Bozzetta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, 10154 - Torino, Italy.
| | | | - Elisabetta Manuali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", 06126 - Perugia, Italy.
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Li S, Chen X, Zhou J, Xie Z, Shang M, He L, Liang P, Chen T, Mao Q, Liang C, Li X, Huang Y, Yu X. Amino acids serve as an important energy source for adult flukes of Clonorchis sinensis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008287. [PMID: 32352979 PMCID: PMC7217481 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Clonorchiasis, caused by chronic infection with Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis), is an important food-borne parasitic disease that seriously afflicts more than 35 million people globally, resulting in a socioeconomic burden in endemic regions. C. sinensis adults long-term inhabit the microaerobic and limited-glucose environment of the bile ducts. Energy metabolism plays a key role in facilitating the adaptation of adult flukes to crowded habitat and hostile environment. To understand energy source for adult flukes, we compared the component and content of free amino acids between C. sinensis-infected and uninfected bile. The results showed that the concentrations of free amino acids, including aspartic acid, serine, glycine, alanine, histidine, asparagine, threonine, lysine, hydroxylysine, and urea, were significantly higher in C. sinensis-infected bile than those in uninfected bile. Furthermore, exogenous amino acids could be utilized by adult flukes via the gluconeogenesis pathway regardless of the absence or presence of exogenous glucose, and the rate-limiting enzymes, such as C. sinensis glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, and pyruvate carboxylase, exhibited high expression levels by quantitative real-time PCR analysis. Interestingly, no matter whether exogenous glucose was present, inhibition of gluconeogenesis reduced the glucose and glycogen levels as well as the viability and survival time of adult flukes. These results suggest that gluconeogenesis might play a vital role in energy metabolism of C. sinensis and exogenous amino acids probably serve as an important energy source that benefits the continued survival of adult flukes in the host. Our study will be a cornerstone for illuminating the biological characteristics of C. sinensis and the host-parasite interactions. Clonorchiasis, closely related to cholangiocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma, has led to a negative socioeconomic impact in global areas especially some Asian endemic regions. Owing to the emergence of drug resistance and hypersensitivity reactions after the massive and repeated use of praziquantel as well as the lack of effective vaccines, searching for new strategies that prevent and treat clonorchiasis has become an urgent matter. Clonorchis sinensis, the causative agent of clonorchiasis, long-term inhabits the microaerobic and limited-glucose environment of the bile ducts. Adequate nutrients are essential for adult flukes to resist the adverse condition and survive in the crowed habitat. Studies on energy metabolism of adult flukes are beneficial for further exploring host-parasite interactions and developing novel anti-parasitic drugs. Our results suggest that gluconeogenesis probably plays a vital role in energy metabolism of Clonorchis sinensis and exogenous amino acids might be an essential energy source for adult flukes to successfully survive in the host. Our foundational study opens a new avenue for explaining energy metabolism of Clonorchis sinensis and provides a valuable strategy that the gluconeogenesis pathway will be a potential and novel target for the prevention and treatment of clonorchiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Li
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueqing Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juanjuan Zhou
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Children’s Infection and Immunity, Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhizhi Xie
- Clinical Laboratory, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei Shang
- Clinical Laboratory, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei He
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pei Liang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingjin Chen
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Mao
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chi Liang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuerong Li
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (YH); (XY)
| | - Xinbing Yu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (YH); (XY)
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Pijanowska J, Markowska M, Ruszczyńska A, Bulska E, Dawidowicz P, Ślusarczyk M, Biesaga M. Kairomone-like activity of bile and bile components: A step towards revealing the chemical nature of fish kairomone. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7037. [PMID: 32341368 PMCID: PMC7184620 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63456-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the efforts of a number of research groups worldwide, we still have a poor understanding of the chemical nature of the fish kairomones which induce defensive morphology, life history and behavior in their planktonic prey. Bile excreted by foraging fish play a crucial role in their signaling systems. Using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), we revealed the presence of primary and secondary bile acids and bile salts in fish-conditioned water, similar as in carp bile. Upon exposure to either fish bile or commercially acquired bile salts, Daphnia demonstrated similar changes in life history and behavior as when exposed to fish kairomones. The synergic effect of the injured Daphnia alarm substance with fish bile on Daphnia life history is similar to the adaptive effect of the same alarm substance combined with fish kairomones. This strongly supports the view that fish bile or selected bile acids/salts may be responsible for the biological activity of kairomones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Pijanowska
- Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Markowska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Ruszczyńska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Bulska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Dawidowicz
- Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mirosław Ślusarczyk
- Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Biesaga
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
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Améndola-Pimenta M, Cerqueda-García D, Zamora-Briseño JA, Couoh-Puga D, Montero-Muñoz J, Árcega-Cabrera F, Ceja-Moreno V, Pérez-Vega JA, García-Maldonado JQ, Del Río-García M, Zapata-Pérez O, Rodríguez-Canul R. Toxicity evaluation and microbiota response of the lined sole Achirus lineatus (Chordata: Achiridae) exposed to the light petroleum water-accommodated fraction (WAF). J Toxicol Environ Health A 2020; 83:313-329. [PMID: 32378477 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2020.1758861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to contaminants might directly affect organisms and alter their associated microbiota. The objective of the present study was to determine the impact of the petroleum-water-accommodated fraction (WAF) from a light crude oil (API gravity 35) on a benthic fish species native from the Gulf of Mexico (GoM). Ten adults of Achirus lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758) were exposed to a sublethal WAF/water solution of 50% v/v for 48 hr. Multiple endpoints were measured including tissue damage, presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) metabolites in bile and gut microbiota analyses. Atrophy and fatty degeneration were observed in livers. Nodules and inflammation were detected in spleen, and structural disintegration and atrophy in the kidney. In gills hyperplasia, aneurysm, and gills lamellar fusion were observed. PAHs metabolites concentrations in bile were significantly higher in exposed organisms. Gut microbiome taxonomic analysis showed significant shifts in bacterial structure and composition following WAF exposure. Data indicate that exposure to WAF produced toxic effects in adults of A. lineatus, as evidenced by histological alterations and dysbiosis, which might represent an impairment to long-term subsistence of exposed aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Améndola-Pimenta
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN), Unidad Mérida , Yucatán, México
| | - Daniel Cerqueda-García
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN), Unidad Mérida , Yucatán, México
| | - Jesús A Zamora-Briseño
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN), Unidad Mérida , Yucatán, México
| | - Danilú Couoh-Puga
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN), Unidad Mérida , Yucatán, México
| | - Jorge Montero-Muñoz
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN), Unidad Mérida , Yucatán, México
| | - Flor Árcega-Cabrera
- Unidad de Química Sisal, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Sisal Yucatán, México
| | - Víctor Ceja-Moreno
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN), Unidad Mérida , Yucatán, México
| | - Juan A Pérez-Vega
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN), Unidad Mérida , Yucatán, México
| | - José Q García-Maldonado
- CONACYT - Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Mérida , Mérida, México
| | - Marcela Del Río-García
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN), Unidad Mérida , Yucatán, México
| | - Omar Zapata-Pérez
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN), Unidad Mérida , Yucatán, México
| | - Rossanna Rodríguez-Canul
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN), Unidad Mérida , Yucatán, México
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Liu N, Wang X, Liu H, Zhang C. Identification of the metabolites of erianin in rat and human by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2020; 34:e8661. [PMID: 31732995 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Erianin, a bioactive component isolated from Dctidrobium chrysotoxum Lindl, was demonstrated to have many biological properties relevant to cancer prevention and therapy. However, the metabolic profiles of erianin remain unknown. This study was carried out to investigate the metabolic profiles of erianin in rats and humans. METHODS Erianin was orally administered to rats at a single dose of 50 mg/kg. Urine and bile samples were collected. For in vitro metabolism, erianin was co-incubated with rat or human hepatocytes at 37°C for 2 h. The samples from incubations and rat were analyzed by liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry. The data were processed by MetWorks software. The structures of the metabolites were proposed by comparing the mass spectra with that of the parent compound. RESULTS A total of twenty-four metabolites were detected in vitro and in vivo, including seven phase I and eighteen phase II metabolites. The phase I metabolic pathways of erianin were hydroxylation, demethylation and dehydrogenation. Erianin undergoes metabolic activation to form reactive metabolites quinoid intermediates, which were further trapped by glutathione (GSH) or N-acetylcysteine. The phase II metabolic pathways were glucuronidation, glutathione and N-acetylcysteine conjugation. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides an overview pertaining to the in vitro and in vivo metabolic profiles of erianin, which is indispensable for us to understand the efficacy and safety of erianin, as well as the herbal medicine D. chrysotoxum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, 272011, Shandong Province, China
- Jining Medical University, Jining, 272011, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xige Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jining Cancer Hospital, Jining, 272007, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hongqiang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, 272011, Shandong Province, China
- Jining Medical University, Jining, 272011, Shandong Province, China
| | - Changpo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jining Hospital of TCM, Jining, 272037, Shandong Province, China
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Zhou J, Zhang Y, Li N, Zhao D, Lu Y, Wang L, Chen X. A systematic metabolic pathway identification of Common Gardenia Fruit (Gardeniae Fructus) in mouse bile, plasma, urine and feces by HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1145:122100. [PMID: 32311674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Gardeniae Fructus was a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) containing various biological ingredients including iridoids and crocetins, monocyclic monoterpenes, organic acids, and flavonoids. However, few systematic identification studies of the bioactive components in vivo have been reported. Herein, the ingredients and metabolites of Gardeniae Fructus were investigated using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-sensitivity Q-TOF mass spectrometry. A total of 45 prototype compounds in Gardeniae Fructus extract were tentatively identified. After oral administration, 69 of prototypes and metabolites were identified from mice bile, plasma, urine, and feces, in which, 31 compounds were prototypes, and 38 chemicals were metabolites. The in vivo biotransformation pathways of these metabolites were also proposed including phase I (hydrolysis, hydrogenation, oxidation, loss of O, and ketone formation, decarboxylation) and phase II reactions (glycine, cysteine, glutathione, and glutamine, and sulfate conjugation, and glucuronidation). For the first time, our results had revealed systematic metabolic profiles of ingredients in Gardeniae Fructus extract in vivo of mice and replenished novel knowledge into the explanation of effective material and/or toxicological basis of Gardeniae Fructus which deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 100 Hongshan Road, Nanjing 210023, China; Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100 Hongshan Road, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Yongjie Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Ning Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Di Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yang Lu
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Lirui Wang
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Xijing Chen
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China.
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Huvé R, O'Toole E, Gara-Boivin C, Fontaine P, Bélanger MC. Bile composition of healthy cats and cats with suspected hepatobiliary disease using point-of-care analyzers: A prospective preliminary study. Can J Vet Res 2020; 84:138-145. [PMID: 32255909 PMCID: PMC7088509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although hepatobiliary disease is common in cats, little is known about the bile composition in either these diseased states or in healthy cats. The objectives of this study were to evaluate several analytes from the bile of healthy cats and to investigate the usefulness of measuring these variables to predict bacterial cholangitis. Cats were prospectively enrolled and divided into 3 groups: 21 healthy cats (group 1) and 14 cats with suspected hepatobiliary disease: 9 without bacterial biliary infection (group 2) and 5 with bacterial biliary infection (group 3). Percutaneous ultrasound-guided cholecystocentesis was conducted on each cat. Bile cytology and culture were carried out and bile was analyzed for pH, lactate, and glucose levels using several point-of-care (POC) devices. Reference values for several bile analytes in healthy cats were calculated and are presented in this study. Neither the pH (P = 0.88) nor the lactate concentration (P = 0.85) was significantly different among the 3 groups. Sodium concentration was significantly higher in group 3 than in group 2 (P < 0.05). Bile pH, lactate, and glucose levels were unable to predict the presence of a bacterial infection in the bile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Huvé
- Department of Clinical Sciences (Huvé, O'Toole, Fontaine, Bélanger) and Department of Pathology and Microbiology (Gara-Boivin), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, C.P. 5000, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec J2S 7C6
| | - Elizabeth O'Toole
- Department of Clinical Sciences (Huvé, O'Toole, Fontaine, Bélanger) and Department of Pathology and Microbiology (Gara-Boivin), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, C.P. 5000, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec J2S 7C6
| | - Carolyn Gara-Boivin
- Department of Clinical Sciences (Huvé, O'Toole, Fontaine, Bélanger) and Department of Pathology and Microbiology (Gara-Boivin), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, C.P. 5000, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec J2S 7C6
| | - Pascal Fontaine
- Department of Clinical Sciences (Huvé, O'Toole, Fontaine, Bélanger) and Department of Pathology and Microbiology (Gara-Boivin), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, C.P. 5000, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec J2S 7C6
| | - Marie-Claude Bélanger
- Department of Clinical Sciences (Huvé, O'Toole, Fontaine, Bélanger) and Department of Pathology and Microbiology (Gara-Boivin), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, C.P. 5000, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec J2S 7C6
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Tian N, Yuan Y, Jin Y, Yang Q, Zhang T, Li JD, Wang L, Jiang C, Huang LQ. [DNA fingerprinting identification of bile power(bile)medicines]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2020; 45:1064-1069. [PMID: 32237447 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20200105.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The pig bile powder, bovine bile powder, snake bile, sheep bile, goose bile powder, and bear bile powder were contained by the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The bile power medicine has a long history in traditional Chinese medicine and definite effect. However, the medicine of bile powder(bile) are similar in morphology. Besides, many medicine lack specific microscopic identification characteristics and chemical characteristics. There is a risk of adulteration, especially when the fake medicine were mixed in authentic medicine, it is difficult to detection. The key to control the quality and ensures the clinical efficacy is the good or bad, true or false of the bile power medicine. The STR typing technology is a method that according to differential typing of PCR amplified lengths to compare and identify individual organisms. Based on the principle of STR typing, the easily, rapid DNA fingerprinting method to identify the bile power and adulteration was established.The original animal or bile powder of pigs, cattle, sheep, chickens, ducks, geese, snakes, bears, fish were collected, the 12 S-L1091/12 S-H1478 and 16 S-L3428/16 S-H3667 was obtained by sifted, the DNA fingerprinting of the bile power and adulteration was obtained by STR typing. Every species has different STR fingerprints, so different species can be identified. Besides, the fingerprints have both the authentic and fake's information, the adulteration of authentic and fake can be identified. Therefore, the method to identify the bile power and adulteration was achieved through the combination of two primers. The DNA fingerprinting method established in this study can also be used for other animal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Tian
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006, China State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs Breeding Base, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs Breeding Base, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs Breeding Base, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Quan Yang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs Breeding Base, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jun-de Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs Breeding Base, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs Breeding Base, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs Breeding Base, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Lu-Qi Huang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006, China State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs Breeding Base, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
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Moussa F, Mokh S, Doumiati S, Barboni B, Bernabò N, Al Iskandarani M. LC-MS/MS method for the determination of hormones: Validation, application and health risk assessment in various bovine matrices. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 138:111204. [PMID: 32081729 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A new method, using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the detection of fourteen natural and synthetic hormones in muscles, was validated in other bovine matrices (liver, kidney, bile and hair) according to the Decision Commission 2002/657/EC. As result, this method demonstrates good linearity (R2 > 0.99) as well as accuracy with coefficients of variation for repeatability and reproducibility lower than 23%. Moreover, the values of decision limit (CCα) and detection capability (CCβ) were determined indicating values ranging from 0.13 to 0.86 μg/kg and 0.25-1.72 μg/k for the majority of analytes. Recovery rate in the different matrices varied from 51.5 to 107%. Indeed, this method has been successfully applied to detect anabolic hormones in eighty-eight samples (muscle, liver, kidney, and bile) collected from different local slaughterhouses. Results showed that progesterone was found in 30 samples at concentrations ranging from 0.11 to 11.7 μg/kg, while testosterone was detected in 34 samples at concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 9.52 μg/kg. All bile samples contain epi-testosterone at concentration ranging from 0.89 to 280 μg/kg. These obtained data were used to calculate the estimated daily intake, hazard quotient and hazard index as exposure assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadl Moussa
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Italy; Doctoral School of Science and Technology Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Samia Mokh
- National Council for Scientific Research (CNRS), Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission (LAEC), Laboratory for Analysis of Organic Compound (LACO), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Samah Doumiati
- Faculty of Public Health I - Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Barbara Barboni
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Italy
| | - Nicola Bernabò
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Italy
| | - Mohamad Al Iskandarani
- National Council for Scientific Research (CNRS), Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission (LAEC), Laboratory for Analysis of Organic Compound (LACO), Beirut, Lebanon; Faculty of Public Health I - Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon.
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Yoon J, Kang SW, Shim WS, Lee JK, Jang DK, Gu N, Kim SK, Lee KT, Chung EK. Quantification of metronidazole in human bile fluid and plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1138:121959. [PMID: 31911204 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to develop a highly selective, sensitive, and validated method for quantifying metronidazole in human plasma and bile fluid. Metronidazole and metronidazole-d4 (internal standard) were extracted from 100 μL of plasma and bile fluid by liquid-liquid extraction. Liquid chromatography with a Hydrosphere C18 column (50 × 2.0 mm) was performed using 10 mM ammonium formate (pH 4.0) and acetonitrile (20:80, v/v) as the mobile phase. Triple quadrupole mass spectrometry was operated with an electrospray ionization interface in multiple reaction monitoring and positive ion modes. The calibration curves were linear for bile and plasma samples over the range of 50-20,000 ng/mL (r2 > 0.999). The intra- and inter-day coefficients of variation (CVs) for plasma ranged from 2.50% to 7.85% and 3.11% to 16.9%, respectively; for bile, the intra-and inter-run precision (CVs) ranged from 2.76% to 13.2% and 3.16% to 11.5%, respectively. The mean extraction recovery for metronidazole ranged from 76.5% to 82.1% in plasma and from 78.8% to 87.8% in bile, respectively. Our proposed analytical method was successfully applied to determine metronidazole concentrations in bile as well as in plasma at multiple time points in a patient with acute cholangitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Yoon
- Department of Pharmacy College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, South Korea; Department of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, 892 Dongnam-ro, Gangdong-gu, Seoul 05278, South Korea
| | - Sung Wook Kang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, 892 Dongnam-ro, Gangdong-gu, Seoul 05278, South Korea
| | - Wang-Seob Shim
- Kyung Hee Drug Analysis Center, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, South Korea
| | - Jun Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, 27 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10326, South Korea
| | - Dong Kee Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, 27 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10326, South Korea
| | - Namyi Gu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, 27 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10326, South Korea; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Dongguk University Clinical Trial Center, 27 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10326, South Korea
| | - Sae Kyul Kim
- Kyung Hee Drug Analysis Center, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, South Korea; Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Tae Lee
- Kyung Hee Drug Analysis Center, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, South Korea; Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, South Korea.
| | - Eun Kyoung Chung
- Department of Pharmacy College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, South Korea; Department of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, 892 Dongnam-ro, Gangdong-gu, Seoul 05278, South Korea.
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Struch RE, Pulster EL, Schreier AD, Murawski SA. Hepatobiliary Analyses Suggest Chronic PAH Exposure in Hakes (Urophycis spp.) Following the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019; 38:2740-2749. [PMID: 31514227 PMCID: PMC6899602 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Prior to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, we lacked a comprehensive baseline of oil contamination in the Gulf of Mexico's sediments, water column, and biota. Gaps in prespill knowledge limit our ability to determine the aftereffects of the Deepwater Horizon blowout or prepare to mitigate similar impacts during future oil spill disasters. We examined spatiotemporal differences in exposure to and metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in 2 hake species (Urophycis spp.) to establish a current baseline for these ecologically important, abundant, and at-risk demersal fishes. Gulf hake (Urophycis cirrata) and southern hake (Urophycis floridana) were collected throughout the Gulf of Mexico during extensive longline surveys from 2012 to 2015. Analyses of biliary PAH metabolites and liver PAH concentrations provided evidence of exposures to di- and tricyclic compounds, with the highest concentrations measured in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Species-specific differences were not detected, but temporal trends observed in biliary PAHs suggest a decrease in acute exposures, whereas increasing liver PAHs suggest chronic exposures marked by greater assimilation than metabolism rates. To our knowledge, the present study provides the first multitissue contaminant analyses, as well as the most exhaustive biometric analyses, for both gulf and southern hakes. Though sources of exposure are complex because of multiple natural and anthropogenic PAH inputs, these results will facilitate the development of much needed health metrics for Gulf of Mexico benthos. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2740-2749. © 2019 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E. Struch
- Department of Animal ScienceUniversity of California DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Erin L. Pulster
- College of Marine ScienceUniversity of South Florida, St.PetersburgFloridaUSA
| | - Andrea D. Schreier
- Department of Animal ScienceUniversity of California DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Steven A. Murawski
- College of Marine ScienceUniversity of South Florida, St.PetersburgFloridaUSA
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Cruite JT, Kovacikova G, Clark KA, Woodbrey AK, Skorupski K, Kull FJ. Structural basis for virulence regulation in Vibrio cholerae by unsaturated fatty acid components of bile. Commun Biol 2019; 2:440. [PMID: 31815195 PMCID: PMC6882843 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0686-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The AraC/XylS-family transcriptional regulator ToxT is the master virulence activator of Vibrio cholerae, the gram-negative bacterial pathogen that causes the diarrheal disease cholera. Unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) found in bile inhibit the activity of ToxT. Crystal structures of inhibited ToxT bound to UFA or synthetic inhibitors have been reported, but no structure of ToxT in an active conformation had been determined. Here we present the 2.5 Å structure of ToxT without an inhibitor. The structure suggests release of UFA or inhibitor leads to an increase in flexibility, allowing ToxT to adopt an active conformation that is able to dimerize and bind DNA. Small-angle X-ray scattering was used to validate a structural model of an open ToxT dimer bound to the cholera toxin promoter. The results presented here provide a detailed structural mechanism for virulence gene regulation in V. cholerae by the UFA components of bile and other synthetic ToxT inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin T. Cruite
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH USA
- Guarini School of Graduate and Advanced Studies, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH USA
| | - Gabriela Kovacikova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH USA
| | - Kenzie A. Clark
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH USA
- Present Address: Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ USA
| | - Anne K. Woodbrey
- Guarini School of Graduate and Advanced Studies, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH USA
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH USA
| | - Karen Skorupski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH USA
| | - F. Jon Kull
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH USA
- Guarini School of Graduate and Advanced Studies, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH USA
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH USA
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Nahrgang J, Bender ML, Meier S, Nechev J, Berge J, Frantzen M. Growth and metabolism of adult polar cod (Boreogadus saida) in response to dietary crude oil. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 180:53-62. [PMID: 31071648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.04.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The increasing human presence in the Arctic shelf seas, with the expansion of oil and gas industries and maritime shipping, poses a risk for Arctic marine organisms such as the key species polar cod (Boreogadus saida). The impact of dietary crude oil on growth and metabolism of polar cod was investigated in the early spring (March-April) when individuals are expected to be in a vulnerable physiological state with poor energy stores. Adult polar cod were exposed dietarily to three doses of Kobbe crude oil during an eight weeks period and followed by two weeks of depuration. Significant dose-responses in exposure biomarkers (hepatic ethoxyresorufine-O-deethylase [EROD] activity and 1-OH phenanthrene metabolites in bile) indicated that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were bioavailable. Condition indices (i.e. Fulton's condition factor, hepatosomatic index), growth, whole body respiration, and total lipid content in the liver were monitored over the course of the experiment. The majority of females were immature, while a few had spawned during the season and showed low hepatic lipid content during the experiment. In contrast, males were all, except for one immature individual, in a post-spawning stage and had larger hepatic energy stores than females. Most specimens, independent of sex, showed a loss in weight, that was exacerbated by exposure to crude oil and low hepatic liver lipids. Furthermore, females exposed to crude oil showed a significant elevation of oxygen consumption compared to controls, although not dose-dependent. This study highlights the importance of the energy status of individuals for their response to a crude oil exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Nahrgang
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromsø, 9037, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Morgan L Bender
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromsø, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Jordan Nechev
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromsø, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jørgen Berge
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromsø, 9037, Tromsø, Norway; University Centre in Svalbard, 9171, Longyearbyen, Norway; Centre for Autonomous Underwater Operations, Norwegian University for Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
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Qiu J, Wu H, Feng F, He X, Wang C, Chu S, Xiang Z. Metabolic Profiling of Alpinetin in Rat Plasma, Urine, Bile and Feces after Intragastric Administration. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24193458. [PMID: 31554153 PMCID: PMC6804159 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Alpinetin, a bioactive flavonoid, has been known to have a diverse therapeutic effect, with namely anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antioxidant effects with low systemic toxicity. This study aimed to obtain metabolic profiles of alpinetin in orally administrated rats. The metabolites of alpinetin were systematically analyzed and identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). The chromatographic separation was achieved on a High Strength Silica (HSS) T3 (1.8 μm, 2.1 × 100 mm) column with the mobile phase consisting of water containing 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile with 0.1% formic acid via gradient elution. An extracted ion chromatogram strategy based on multiple prototype/metabolite intermediate templates and 71 typical metabolic reactions was proposed to comprehensively profile the metabolites of alpinetin. With the metabolite profiling strategy, altogether 15 compounds were recognized from urine, plasma, bile and feces of rats after intragastric administration of alpinetin for the first time. The prototype, glucuronide conjugates and phenolic acids metabolites were the probable predominant form of alpinetin in rats. This work showed a comprehensive study of the probable metabolic pathways of alpinetin in vivo, which could provide meaningful information for future pharmacological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieying Qiu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Hongyu Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Feng Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Xiaoying He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Caihong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Shenghui Chu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Zheng Xiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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Li L, Chen Y, Feng X, Yin J, Li S, Sun Y, Zhang L. Identification of Metabolites of Eupatorin in Vivo and in Vitro Based on UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Molecules 2019; 24:E2658. [PMID: 31340434 PMCID: PMC6680898 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Eupatorin is the major bioactive component of Java tea (Orthosiphon stamineus), exhibiting strong anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. However, no research on the metabolism of eupatorin has been reported to date. In the present study, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid triple quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) combined with an efficient online data acquisition and a multiple data processing method were developed for metabolite identification in vivo (rat plasma, bile, urine and feces) and in vitro (rat liver microsomes and intestinal flora). A total of 51 metabolites in vivo, 60 metabolites in vitro were structurally characterized. The loss of CH2, CH2O, O, CO, oxidation, methylation, glucuronidation, sulfate conjugation, N-acetylation, hydrogenation, ketone formation, glycine conjugation, glutamine conjugation and glucose conjugation were the main metabolic pathways of eupatorin. This was the first identification of metabolites of eupatorin in vivo and in vitro and it will provide reference and valuable evidence for further development of new pharmaceuticals and pharmacological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luya Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Yuting Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Xue Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Jintuo Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Shenghao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Yupeng Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Lantong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.
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Shi M, Gao T, Zhang T, Han H. Characterization of curcumin metabolites in rats by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2019; 33:1114-1121. [PMID: 30941839 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Curcumin is a major constituent of Curcuma longa L. and is a naturally bio-active diketone. Structural changes in curcumin have been shown to result in different biological effects. The present study aims to investigate curcumin metabolites in rat plasma, bile, urine, and feces after administration of a single oral dose of curcumin (170 mg/kg). METHODS After oral administration of curcumin, the plasma, bile, feces, and urine of the rats were collected for a certain period of time, and then subjected to a series of pretreatments. The metabolic pathway of curcumin in vivo was investigated using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) combined with electrospray ionization quadruple time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-QTOF-MS). RESULTS Twelve metabolites were identified and divided into two groups: curcumin metabolites of phase Ι metabolism (M01-M08), curcumin metabolites of phase ΙΙ metabolism (M09-M12), and metabolites M02, M03 and M04 were reported for the first time. CONCLUSIONS Results showed that curcumin metabolism can help explain the mechanism of its pharmacological effects, and that UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS can serve as an important analytical platform to gather the metabolic profile of curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengge Shi
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Tingting Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Han Han
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201210, China
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44
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Mach S, Jegorov A, Šimek Z. Metabolism of obeticholic acid in brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:20316-20324. [PMID: 31093919 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05398-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) bile by ultra performance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC/HRMS) revealed a series of bile acids similar to those found in humans. Accordingly, we chose this fish as a model organism to examine the metabolism of obeticholic acid, a bile acid used to treat a number of human liver diseases and the one that has the potential to occur as an environmental contaminant. The taurine and glycine conjugates of obeticholic acid and keto-obeticholic acid were identified, as well as the D-cysteinolic acid conjugate of obeticholic acid, likely a metabolite specific to fish. In addition, metabolites of obeticholic acid (sulphate and glucuronide) and several hydroxy-obeticholic acid derivatives were found, representing typical pathways of primary and secondary steroid metabolism. Brown bullhead exposed to obeticholic acid at a dose of 100 mg/kg gave no overt signs of distress or toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Mach
- Teva Czech Industries s.r.o., Ostravská 29, 747 70, Opava, Czech Republic.
- RECETOX, Masaryk University Brno, Kamenice 126/3, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Alexandr Jegorov
- Teva Czech Industries s.r.o., Ostravská 29, 747 70, Opava, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Šimek
- RECETOX, Masaryk University Brno, Kamenice 126/3, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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45
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Dierks EA, Luk CE, Cai H, MacGuire J, Fox M, Smalley J, Fancher RM, Janovitz E, Foster K, Sun Q. Application of ultrasound-guided cholecystocentesis to the evaluation of the metabolite profiling in bile of dogs and cynomolgus monkeys. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2019; 7:e00488. [PMID: 31149343 PMCID: PMC6536413 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we describe a novel approach for collecting bile from dogs and cynomolgus monkeys for metabolite profiling, ultrasound-guided cholecystocentesis (UCC). Sampling bile by UCC twice within 24 hours was well tolerated by dogs and monkeys. In studies with atorvastatin (ATV) the metabolite profiles were similar in bile obtained through UCC and from bile duct-cannulated (BDC) dogs. Similar results were observed in UCC and BDC monkeys as well. In both monkey and dog, the primary metabolic pathway observed for ATV was oxidative metabolism. The 2-hydroxy- and 4-hydroxyatorvastatin metabolites were the major oxidation products, which is consistent with previously published metabolite profiles. S-cysteine and glucuronide conjugates were also observed. UCC offers a viable alternative to bile duct cannulation for collection of bile for metabolite profiling of compounds that undergo biliary excretion, given the similar metabolite profiles in bile obtained via each method. Use of UCC for metabolite profiling may reduce the need for studies using BDC animals, a resource-intensive model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Dierks
- Pharmaceutical Candidate OptimizationBristol‐Myers SquibbPrincetonNew Jersey
| | - Chiuwa E. Luk
- Pharmaceutical Candidate OptimizationBristol‐Myers SquibbPrincetonNew Jersey
| | - Hong Cai
- Pharmaceutical Candidate OptimizationBristol‐Myers SquibbPrincetonNew Jersey
| | - Jamus MacGuire
- Veterinary SciencesBristol‐Myers SquibbPrincetonNew Jersey
| | - Maxine Fox
- Veterinary SciencesBristol‐Myers SquibbPrincetonNew Jersey
| | - James Smalley
- Pharmaceutical Candidate OptimizationBristol‐Myers SquibbPrincetonNew Jersey
| | - R. Marc Fancher
- Pharmaceutical Candidate OptimizationBristol‐Myers SquibbPrincetonNew Jersey
| | - Evan Janovitz
- Pharmaceutical Candidate OptimizationBristol‐Myers SquibbPrincetonNew Jersey
| | - Kimberly Foster
- Pharmaceutical Candidate OptimizationBristol‐Myers SquibbPrincetonNew Jersey
| | - Qin Sun
- Pharmaceutical Candidate OptimizationBristol‐Myers SquibbPrincetonNew Jersey
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46
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Yin J, Ma Y, Liang C, Gao J, Wang H, Zhang L. A Systematic Study of the Metabolites of Dietary Acacetin in Vivo and in Vitro Based on UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS Analysis. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:5530-5543. [PMID: 31025561 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Acacetin, a dietary component, is abundant in acacia honey and has superior anticancer activities. To date, no research on the metabolism of acacetin has been reported. In the current research, an online detection strategy of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography connected to a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) was utilized for metabolite identification in vivo (rat plasma, bile, urine, and feces) and in vitro (rat liver microsomes). A total of 31 metabolites were structurally characterized in rats, and 25 metabolites were detected in rat liver microsomes, among which, 4 metabolites were compared with standards. Oxidation, the loss of CH2, reduction, hydrolysis, glucuronide conjugation, sulfate conjugation, methylation, and N-acetylation were the main metabolic pathways of acacetin. This study is the first to characterize acacetin metabolites in vivo and in vitro, and the results of this study offer novel and valuable evidence for a comprehensive understanding of the safety and efficacy of acacetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintuo Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy , Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang 050017 , P.R. China
| | - Yinling Ma
- Hebei General Hospital , Shijiazhuang , Hebei 050051 , P.R. China
| | - Caijuan Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy , Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang 050017 , P.R. China
| | - Jin Gao
- Hebei General Hospital , Shijiazhuang , Hebei 050051 , P.R. China
| | - Hairong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy , Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang 050017 , P.R. China
| | - Lantong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy , Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang 050017 , P.R. China
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47
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Song Y, Nahrgang J, Tollefsen KE. Transcriptomic analysis reveals dose-dependent modes of action of benzo(a)pyrene in polar cod (Boreogadus saida). Sci Total Environ 2019; 653:176-189. [PMID: 30408666 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Polar cod (Boreogadus saida) has been used as a model Arctic species for hazard assessment of environmental stressors such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). However, most of the PAH studies using polar cod rely on targeted biomarker-based analysis thus may not adequately address the complexity of the toxic mechanisms of the stressors. The present study was performed to develop a broad-content transcriptomic platform for polar cod and apply it for understanding the toxic mechanisms of a model PAH, benzo(a)pyrene (BaP). Hepatic transcriptional analysis using a combination of high-density polar cod oligonucleotide microarray and quantitative real-time RT-PCR was conducted to characterize the stress responses in polar cod after 14d repeated dietary exposure to 0.4 (Low) and 20.3 μg/g fish/feeding (High) BaP doses. Bile metabolic analysis was performed to identify the storage of a key BaP hepatic biotransformation product, 3-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene (3-OH-BaP). The results clearly showed that 3-OH-BaP was detected in the bile of polar cod after both Low and High BaP exposure. Dose-dependent hepatic stress responses were identified, with Low BaP suppressing genes involved in the defense mechanisms and High BaP inducing genes associated with these pathways. The results suggested that activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling, induction of oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis were the common modes of action (MoA) of BaP between polar cod or other vertebrates, whereas induction of protein degradation and disturbance of mitochondrial functions were proposed as novel MoAs. Furthermore, conceptual toxicity pathways were proposed for BaP-mediated effects in Arctic fish. The present study has for the first time reported a transcriptome-wide analysis using a polar cod-specific microarray and suggested novel MoAs of BaP. The analytical tools, bioinformatics solutions and mechanistic knowledge generated by this study may facilitate mechanistically-based hazard assessment of environmental stressors in the Arctic using this important fish as a model species.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Song
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Section of Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment, Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jasmine Nahrgang
- UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, Dept. of Arctic and Marine Biology, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Knut Erik Tollefsen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Section of Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment, Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Dept. for Environmental Sciences, Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway.
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Boullhesen-Williams T, Townsend KL, Milovancev M, White NC, Harris CG, Adiga P. In vitro effect of 20% N-acetylcysteine on the viscosity of normal canine bile. Am J Vet Res 2019; 80:74-78. [PMID: 30605031 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.80.1.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the in vitro effect of 20% N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the viscosity of normal canine bile. ANIMALS Bile samples obtained from 10 adult dogs euthanized for reasons unrelated to biliary disease. PROCEDURES Each sample was centrifuged to remove particulates, then divided into 3 aliquots. One aliquot remained untreated (control). Each of the other aliquots was diluted 1:4 with 20% NAC or sterile water. The viscosity of all samples was measured with a rotational viscometer at 25°C. Viscosity of control samples was measured immediately after centrifugation and at 1 and 24 hours after treatment application to the diluted samples. Viscosity of diluted samples was measured at 1 and 24 hours after treatment application. RESULTS Mean viscosity differed significantly among the 3 groups at both 1 and 24 hours after treatment application. Relative to control samples, the addition of NAC and sterile water decreased the viscosity by approximately 3.35 mPa·s (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.58 to 5.12 mPa·s) and 2.74 mPa·s (95% CI, 1.33 to 4.14 mPa·s), respectively. Mean viscosity of the NAC-treated samples was approximately 0.61 mPa·s (95% CI, 0.21 to 1.01 mPa·s) less than that for the sterile water-treated samples. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that in vitro dilution of canine bile 1:4 with 20% NAC significantly decreased the viscosity of the resulting mixture. Further research is necessary to determine whether NAC is a safe and effective noninvasive treatment for dogs with persistent biliary sludge or gallbladder mucoceles.
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Zhang J, Guo Q, Wei M, Bai J, Huang J, Liu Y, Su Z, Qiu X. Metabolite Identification and Pharmacokinetic Profiling of Isoflavones from Black Soybean in Rats Using Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Linear-Ion-Trap-Orbitrap and Triple-Quadrupole Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:12941-12952. [PMID: 30444115 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Black soybeans are rich in isoflavones, which have several beneficial health effects. In this study, a validated method based on UHPLC-MS/MS was developed to screen black-soybean metabolites in rat urine, bile, and plasma and to quantify the compounds (daidzein, genistein, glycitein, and daidzin) and their metabolites (daidzein-4'-β-d-glucuronide, genistein-7-β-d-glucuronide, and genistein-4'-β-d-glucuronide) in plasma. Thirty-seven compounds were tentatively detected in the biological samples. The method was fully validated in quantitative experiments, including in assessments of linearity (2.5-100 ng/mL for daidzein, genistein, and glycitein; 10-100 ng/mL for daidzin; 5-3125 ng/mL for genistein-7-β-d-glucuronide; and 5-1562.5 ng/mL for daidzein-4'-β-d-glucuronide and genistein-4'-β-d-glucuronide), matrix effects (85-115%), recovery (80-105%), precision (<10%), and accuracy (<10%). The compounds were stable throughout sample storage, treatment, and analysis. The method was first applied to detect IFs and metabolites in rats after oral administration of black-soybean extract. These results support the potential of this method for successful application in pharmacokinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juping Zhang
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou 51000 , China
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou 51006 , China
| | - Qianxiang Guo
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou 51000 , China
| | - Meijin Wei
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou 51000 , China
| | - Junqi Bai
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou 51000 , China
| | - Juan Huang
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou 51000 , China
| | - Yuhong Liu
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou 51006 , China
| | - Ziren Su
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou 51006 , China
| | - Xiaohui Qiu
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou 51000 , China
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50
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Liu S, Dai G, Sun L, Sun B, Chen D, Zhu L, Wang Y, Zhang L, Chen P, Zhou D, Ju W. Biotransformation and Metabolic Profile of Limonin in Rat Liver Microsomes, Bile, and Urine by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:10388-10393. [PMID: 30260225 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Limonin is a triterpenoid in citrus seeds, which has significant biological activities. However, the metabolic profile of limonin has not been fully understood. To expound its metabolism in vivo and in vitro, the metabolites of limonin was studied by rat liver microsomes, urine, and bile. High-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used for identification. Among the metabolites, the structures of M1 and M3 were confirmed by chemical synthesis and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra analysis. Our results indicated that reduction and hydrolysis were the two major pathways during limonin metabolism in vivo and in vitro. The results from this work are valuable and important for understanding the metabolic process of limonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijia Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210029 , People's Republic of China
| | - Guoliang Dai
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210029 , People's Republic of China
| | - Luning Sun
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210029 , People's Republic of China
| | - Bingting Sun
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210016 , People's Republic of China
| | - Du Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tongjiaxiang Road , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210009 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210029 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210029 , People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210016 , People's Republic of China
| | - Peidong Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210016 , People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Pathology , University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| | - Wenzheng Ju
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210029 , People's Republic of China
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