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Jamil M, Cowart LA. Sphingolipids in mitochondria-from function to disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1302472. [PMID: 38078003 PMCID: PMC10702779 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1302472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are not only structural components of cellular membranes but also play vital roles in cell signaling and modulation of cellular processes. Within mitochondria, sphingolipids exert diverse effects on mitochondrial dynamics, energy metabolism, oxidative stress, and cell death pathways. In this review, we summarize literature addressing the crucial role of sphingolipids in mitochondria, highlighting their impact on mitochondrial dynamics, cellular bioenergetics, and important cell processes including apoptosis and mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Jamil
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Lauren Ashley Cowart
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Richmond Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA, United States
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2
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Box-Behnken Design Optimization and In Vitro Cell Based Evaluation of Piroxicam Loaded Core-Shell Type Hybrid Nanocarriers for Prostate Cancer. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 216:114799. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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3
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Kyriakou S, Cheung W, Mantso T, Mitsiogianni M, Anestopoulos I, Veuger S, Trafalis DT, Franco R, Pappa A, Tetard D, Panayiotidis MI. A novel methylated analogue of L-Mimosine exerts its therapeutic potency through ROS production and ceramide-induced apoptosis in malignant melanoma. Invest New Drugs 2021; 39:971-986. [PMID: 33624234 PMCID: PMC8280034 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-021-01087-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is an aggressive and highly metastatic type of skin cancer where the design of new therapies is of utmost importance for the clinical management of the disease. Thus, we have aimed to investigate the mode of action by which a novel methylated analogue of L-Mimosine (e.g., L-SK-4) exerts its therapeutic potency in an in vitro model of malignant melanoma. Cytotoxicity was assessed by the Alamar Blue assay, oxidative stress by commercially available kits, ROS generation, caspase 3/7 activation and mitochondrial membrane depolarisation by flow cytometry, expression of apoptosis-related proteins by western immunoblotting and profiling of lipid biosynthesis by a metabolomic approach. Overall, higher levels of ROS, sphingolipids and apoptosis were induced by L-SK-4 suggesting that the compound's therapeutic potency is mediated through elevated ROS levels which promote the upregulation of sphingolipid (ceramide) biosynthesis thus leading to the activation of both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis, in an experimental model of malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotiris Kyriakou
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - William Cheung
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Theodora Mantso
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Melina Mitsiogianni
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ioannis Anestopoulos
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Stephany Veuger
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Dimitris T Trafalis
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Rodrigo Franco
- Redox Biology Centre, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, USA
- School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, USA
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - David Tetard
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mihalis I Panayiotidis
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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Cherkasova E, Babak K, Belotelov A, Labutina J, Yusupov V, Vorobieva N, Nerush A, Maslennikova A. Effects of photobiomodulation in relation to HeLa Kyoto tumor cells exposed to ionizing radiation. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2020; 209:111936. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.111936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Ruiz-Torres V, Rodríguez-Pérez C, Herranz-López M, Martín-García B, Gómez-Caravaca AM, Arráez-Román D, Segura-Carretero A, Barrajón-Catalán E, Micol V. Marine Invertebrate Extracts Induce Colon Cancer Cell Death via ROS-Mediated DNA Oxidative Damage and Mitochondrial Impairment. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9120771. [PMID: 31771155 PMCID: PMC6995635 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine compounds are a potential source of new anticancer drugs. In this study, the antiproliferative effects of 20 invertebrate marine extracts on three colon cancer cell models (HGUE-C-1, HT-29, and SW-480) were evaluated. Extracts from two nudibranchs (Phyllidia varicosa, NA and Dolabella auricularia, NB), a holothurian (Pseudocol ochirus violaceus, PS), and a soft coral (Carotalcyon sp., CR) were selected due to their potent cytotoxic capacities. The four marine extracts exhibited strong antiproliferative effects and induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M transition, which evolved into early apoptosis in the case of the CR, NA, and NB extracts and necrotic cell death in the case of the PS extract. All the extracts induced, to some extent, intracellular ROS accumulation, mitochondrial depolarization, caspase activation, and DNA damage. The compositions of the four extracts were fully characterized via HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS analysis, which identified up to 98 compounds. We propose that, among the most abundant compounds identified in each extract, diterpenes, steroids, and sesqui- and seterterpenes (CR); cembranolides (PS); diterpenes, polyketides, and indole terpenes (NA); and porphyrin, drimenyl cyclohexanone, and polar steroids (NB) might be candidates for the observed activity. We postulate that reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation is responsible for the subsequent DNA damage, mitochondrial depolarization, and cell cycle arrest, ultimately inducing cell death by either apoptosis or necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Ruiz-Torres
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC) and Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universitas Miguel Hernández (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain; (V.R.-T.); (M.H.-L.); (V.M.)
| | - Celia Rodríguez-Pérez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain (D.A.-R.); (A.S.-C.)
- Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), PTS Granada, Edificio BioRegion, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - María Herranz-López
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC) and Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universitas Miguel Hernández (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain; (V.R.-T.); (M.H.-L.); (V.M.)
| | - Beatriz Martín-García
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain (D.A.-R.); (A.S.-C.)
- Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), PTS Granada, Edificio BioRegion, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana-María Gómez-Caravaca
- Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), PTS Granada, Edificio BioRegion, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - David Arráez-Román
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain (D.A.-R.); (A.S.-C.)
- Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), PTS Granada, Edificio BioRegion, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain (D.A.-R.); (A.S.-C.)
- Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), PTS Granada, Edificio BioRegion, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Enrique Barrajón-Catalán
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC) and Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universitas Miguel Hernández (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain; (V.R.-T.); (M.H.-L.); (V.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-965-222-586
| | - Vicente Micol
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC) and Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universitas Miguel Hernández (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain; (V.R.-T.); (M.H.-L.); (V.M.)
- CIBER, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III., Palma de Mallorca 07122, Spain
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Platelet hyperactivation, apoptosis and hypercoagulability in patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Thromb Res 2017; 155:106-115. [PMID: 28528289 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Changes in systemic redox balance can alter platelet activation and aggregation. Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is a systematic inflammatory disease associated with mechanical shear stress, increased thrombin, catecholamines, serotonin and hemolysis, which cumulatively can hyperactivate platelets and accelerate their turnover. We tested the hypothesis that platelets from patients with moderately severe PE will show hyperstimulation and a pre-apoptotic phenotype associated with microparticles (MPs) in plasma. Blood for platelet respiration and thromboelastography (TEG) was obtained at diagnosis and 24h later from patients (n=76) with image-proven PE, SBP>90mmHg and right ventricular dysfunction demonstrated by echocardiogram or elevated biomarkers. Controls (n=12) were healthy volunteers. At diagnosis, platelets from PE patients had significantly elevated baseline oxygen consumption compared with controls, explained primarily by accelerated electron transport and oxygen wasting with no measurable extramitochondrial oxygen consumption. On thromboelastography, unstimulated thrombin-independent maximum amplitude was increased with PE, 19±14.1 vs.10.5±7.8mm in controls (p=0.002). Compared with controls, platelets from PE patients showed elevated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species with decreased mitochondrial Bcl-2 protein content and increased cytosolic cytochrome C, coincident with strong annexin V binding, P selectin release from lysed platelets and in plasma MPs compared to controls (p<0.05). These results show evidence of platelet hyperactivation and apoptosis in patients with acute PE, and provide preliminary theoretical basis for further exploration of platelet inhibition in patients with more severe PE.
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Coskun D, Erkisa M, Ulukaya E, Coskun MF, Ari F. Novel 1-(7-ethoxy-1-benzofuran-2-yl) substituted chalcone derivatives: Synthesis, characterization and anticancer activity. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 136:212-222. [PMID: 28494257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer treatment still requires new compounds to be discovered. Chalcone and its derivatives exhibit anticancer potential in different cancer cells. A new series of benzofuran substituted chalcone derivatives was synthesized by the base-catalyzed Claisen-Schmidt reaction of the 1-(7-ethoxy-1-benzofuran-2-yl) ethanone with different aromatic aldehydes to yield 1-(7-ethoxy-1-benzofuran-2-yl) substituted chalcone derivatives 3a-j. The derivatives were characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy techniques. The anti-growth effect of chalcone compounds was tested in breast cancer (MCF-7), non-small cell lung cancer (A549) and prostate cancer (PC-3) cell lines by the SRB and ATP cell viability assays. Apoptosis was detected by mitochondrial membrane potential, Annexin V staining and caspase 3/7 activity. Formation of reactive oxygen species was determined by DCFDA. The results revealed that chalcone derivatives have anticancer activity with especially chalcone derivative 3a showing cytotoxic effects on cancer cells. In addition, chalcone derivative 3a induced apoptosis through caspase dependent pathways in prostate, lung and breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demet Coskun
- Firat University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, 23119, Elazig, Turkey.
| | - Merve Erkisa
- Uludag University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, 16059, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Engin Ulukaya
- Istinye University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, 34010, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Fatih Coskun
- Firat University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, 23119, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ferda Ari
- Uludag University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, 16059, Bursa, Turkey
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8
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Abstract
The sphingolipid family of lipids modulate several cellular processes, including proliferation, cell cycle regulation, inflammatory signaling pathways, and cell death. Several members of the sphingolipid pathway have opposing functions and thus imbalances in sphingolipid metabolism result in deregulated cellular processes, which cause or contribute to diseases and disorders in humans. A key cellular process regulated by sphingolipids is apoptosis, or programmed cell death. Sphingolipids play an important role in both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways depending on the stimuli, cell type and cellular response to the stress. During mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis, multiple pathways converge on mitochondria and induce mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP). MOMP results in the release of intermembrane space proteins such as cytochrome c and Apaf1 into the cytosol where they activate the caspases and DNases that execute cell death. The precise molecular components of the pore(s) responsible for MOMP are unknown, but sphingolipids are thought to play a role. Here, we review evidence for a role of sphingolipids in the induction of mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis with a focus on potential underlying molecular mechanisms by which altered sphingolipid metabolism indirectly or directly induce MOMP. Data available on these mechanisms is reviewed, and the focus and limitations of previous and current studies are discussed to present important unanswered questions and potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauri A Patwardhan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Levi J Beverly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.,James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock Street, Clinical and Translational Research Building, Room 203, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Leah J Siskind
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA. .,James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock Street, Clinical and Translational Research Building, Room 203, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
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9
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Boison D, Lu WL, Xu QM, Yang H, Huang T, Chen QY, Gao J, Zhao Y. A mitochondria targeting Mn nanoassembly of BODIPY for LDH-A, mitochondria modulated therapy and bimodal imaging of cancer. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 147:387-396. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Collenburg L, Walter T, Burgert A, Müller N, Seibel J, Japtok L, Kleuser B, Sauer M, Schneider-Schaulies S. A Functionalized Sphingolipid Analogue for Studying Redistribution during Activation in Living T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:3951-62. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Oh H, Yoon G, Shin JC, Park SM, Cho SS, Cho JH, Lee MH, Liu K, Cho YS, Chae JI, Shim JH. Licochalcone B induces apoptosis of human oral squamous cell carcinoma through the extrinsic- and intrinsic-signaling pathways. Int J Oncol 2016; 48:1749-57. [PMID: 26847145 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Licochalcone B (Lico B), which belongs to the retrochalcone family, is isolated from the roots of Chinese licorice. Lico B has been reported to have several other useful pharmacological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, antiulcer, anticancer, and anti-metastasis activities. We elucidated the underlying mechanism by which Lico B can induce apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Our results showed that exposure of OSCC cells (HN22 and HSC4) to Lico B significantly inhibited cell proliferation in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Lico B caused cell cycle arrest at G1 phase along with downregulation of cyclin D1 and upregulation of p21 and p27 proteins. Lico B also facilitated the diffusion of phospholipid phosphatidylserine (PS) from inner to outer leaflets of the plasma membrane with chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation, accumulated sub-G1 population in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, Lico B promoted the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which, in turn, can induce CHOP, death receptor (DR) 4 and DR5. Lico B treatment induced downregulation of anti-apoptotic proteins (Bid and Bcl-xl and Mcl-1), and up-regulation of pro-apoptotic protein (Bax). Lico B also led to the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), resulting in cytochrome c release. As can be expected from the above results, the apoptotic protease activating factor-1 (Apaf-1) and survivin were oppositely expressed in favor of apoptotic cell death. This notion was supported by the fact that Lico B activated multi-caspases with cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) protein. Therefore, it is suggested that Lico B is a promising drug for the treatment of human oral cancer via the induction of apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Oh
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 534-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Goo Yoon
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 534-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Cheon Shin
- Pohang Center for Evaluation of Biomaterials, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790‑834, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Min Park
- Pohang Center for Evaluation of Biomaterials, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790‑834, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Sik Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 534-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyoung Cho
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, BK21 Plus, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 651-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee-Hyun Lee
- The China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Kangdong Liu
- The China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Young Sik Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 704-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Il Chae
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, BK21 Plus, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 651-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Shim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 534-729, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Studies over the past two decades have identified ceramide as a multifunctional central molecule in the sphingolipid biosynthetic pathway. Given its diverse tumor suppressive activities, molecular understanding of ceramide action will produce fundamental insights into processes that limit tumorigenesis and may identify key molecular targets for therapeutic intervention. Ceramide can be activated by a diverse array of stresses such as heat shock, genotoxic damage, oxidative stress and anticancer drugs. Ceramide triggers a variety of tumor suppressive and anti-proliferative cellular programs such as apoptosis, autophagy, senescence, and necroptosis by activating or repressing key effector molecules. Defects in ceramide generation and metabolism in cancer contribute to tumor cell survival and resistance to chemotherapy. The potent and versatile anticancer activity profile of ceramide has motivated drug development efforts to (re-)activate ceramide in established tumors. This review focuses on our current understanding of the tumor suppressive functions of ceramide and highlights the potential downstream targets of ceramide which are involved in its tumor suppressive action.
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Zhou X, Shen L, Parris T, Huang J, Yi B, Helou K, Chen C. Regulation of the viability of Nf1 deficient cells by PKC isoforms. Oncotarget 2014; 5:10709-17. [PMID: 25301738 PMCID: PMC4279404 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Suppression of protein kinase C (PKC) is known to be synthetically lethal with ras mutations in various types of cancer cells. The studies also showed that blockade of PKC affected the viability of Nf1 deficient cells. Since PKC family consists of more than 10 isoforms, our study aimed at identifying which isoform(s) played the crucial role in sensitizing Nf1 deficient cells to apoptosis. Using genetic and chemical PKC inhibitors, we demonstrated that the concurrent inhibition of PKC α and β induced Nf1 deficient ST or 96.2 cells, but not SNF02.2 cells with a normal Nf1 or ST cells ectopically expressing Nf1 effective domain gene, to apoptosis. In this process, PKC δ in Nf1 deficient cells, but not in ST/Nf1 cells, was upregulated and translocated to the nucleus. Furthermore, caspase 3 was cleaved and cytochrome c was released to the cytosol. Thus, it appeared that PKC δ and α/β are the crucial components for sustaining the aberrant Ras signaling and further viability of Nf1 deficient cells. The abrogation of these two isoforms activated their opponent PKC δ for switching on the caspase 3-governed apoptotic machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhou
- Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, USA. The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ling Shen
- Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, USA
| | - Toshima Parris
- The Institute of Clinical Sciences, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, SE
| | - Junchi Huang
- Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, USA
| | - Bo Yi
- Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, USA. The Jiangxi Province Tumor Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Khalil Helou
- The Institute of Clinical Sciences, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, SE
| | - Changyan Chen
- Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, USA. The Institute of Clinical Sciences, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, SE
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Rego A, Trindade D, Chaves SR, Manon S, Costa V, Sousa MJ, Côrte-Real M. The yeast model system as a tool towards the understanding of apoptosis regulation by sphingolipids. FEMS Yeast Res 2013; 14:160-78. [DOI: 10.1111/1567-1364.12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- António Rego
- Departamento de Biologia; Centro de Biologia Molecular e Ambiental; Universidade do Minho; Braga Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Dário Trindade
- Departamento de Biologia; Centro de Biologia Molecular e Ambiental; Universidade do Minho; Braga Portugal
- CNRS; UMR5095; Université de Bordeaux 2; Bordeaux France
| | - Susana R. Chaves
- Departamento de Biologia; Centro de Biologia Molecular e Ambiental; Universidade do Minho; Braga Portugal
| | - Stéphen Manon
- CNRS; UMR5095; Université de Bordeaux 2; Bordeaux France
| | - Vítor Costa
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Maria João Sousa
- Departamento de Biologia; Centro de Biologia Molecular e Ambiental; Universidade do Minho; Braga Portugal
| | - Manuela Côrte-Real
- Departamento de Biologia; Centro de Biologia Molecular e Ambiental; Universidade do Minho; Braga Portugal
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16
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Ravi A, Alvala M, Sama V, Kalle AM, Irlapati VK, Reddy BM. Anticancer activity of Pupalia lappacea on chronic myeloid leukemia K562 cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 20:86. [PMID: 23351440 PMCID: PMC3559012 DOI: 10.1186/2008-2231-20-86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKGROUND Cancer is one of the most prominent human diseases which has enthused scientific and commercial interest in the discovery of newer anticancer agents from natural sources. Here we demonstrated the anticancer activity of ethanolic extract of aerial parts of Pupalia lappacea (L) Juss (Amaranthaceae) (EAPL) on Chronic Myeloid Leukemia K562 cells. METHODS Antiproliferative activity of EAPL was determined by MTT assay using carvacrol as a positive control. Induction of apoptosis was studied by annexin V, mitochondrial membrane potential, caspase activation and cell cycle analysis using flow cytometer and modulation in protein levels of p53, PCNA, Bax and Bcl2 ratio, cytochrome c and cleavage of PARP were studied by Western blot analysis. The standardization of the extract was performed through reverse phase-HPLC using Rutin as biomarker. RESULTS The results showed dose dependent decrease in growth of K562 cells with an IC50 of 40 ± 0.01 μg/ml by EAPL. Induction of apoptosis by EAPL was dose dependent with the activation of p53, inhibition of PCNA, decrease in Bcl2/Bax ratio, decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential resulting in release of cytochrome c, activation of multicaspase and cleavage of PARP. Further HPLC standardization of EAPL showed presence 0.024% of Rutin. CONCLUSION Present study significantly demonstrates anticancer activity of EAPL on Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (K562) cells which can lead to potential therapeutic agent in treating cancer. Rutin, a known anti cancer compound is being reported and quantified for the first time from EAPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvala Ravi
- G,Pulla Reddy College of Pharmacy, Mehdipatnam, Hyderabad, 500 028, AP, India.
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Lieven CJ, Thurber KA, Levin EJ, Levin LA. Ordering of neuronal apoptosis signaling: a superoxide burst precedes mitochondrial cytochrome c release in a growth factor deprivation model. Apoptosis 2012; 17:591-9. [PMID: 22411528 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-012-0714-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Axonal injury to retinal ganglion cells, a defined central neuron, induces a burst of intracellular superoxide anion that precedes externalization of membrane phosphatidylserine and subsequent apoptotic cell death. Dismutation of superoxide prevents the signal and delays loss of these cells, consistent with superoxide being necessary for transduction of the axotomy signal. However, phosphatidylserine externalization is a relatively late step in apoptosis, and it is possible that the superoxide burst is not an early axotomy signal but rather a result of cytochrome c release from the mitochondrial inner membrane with consequent accumulation of reduced intermediates. Other possibilities are that both superoxide generation and cytochrome c release are induced in parallel by axotomy, or that cytochrome c release potentiates the effect of the superoxide burst. To distinguish these various possibilities, serum-deprived neuronal retinal cells were assayed in vitro for superoxide elevation and release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, and the distribution of these two markers across a large number of cells used to model the temporal ordering of events. Based on this model of factor-dependent cell death, superoxide precedes, and possibly potentiates, cytochrome c release, and thus the former is likely an early signal for certain types of neuronal apoptosis in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Lieven
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA
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18
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Hassan M, Selimovic D, El-Khattouti A, Ghozlan H, Haikel Y, Abdelkader O. Hepatitis C virus-host interactions: Etiopathogenesis and therapeutic strategies. World J Exp Med 2012; 2:7-25. [PMID: 24520529 PMCID: PMC3905577 DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v2.i2.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a significant health problem facing the world. This virus infects more than 170 million people worldwide and is considered the major cause of both acute and chronic hepatitis. Persons become infected mainly through parenteral exposure to infected material by blood transfusions or injections with nonsterile needles. Although the sexual behavior is considered as a high risk factor for HCV infection, the transmission of HCV infection through sexual means, is less frequently. Currently, the available treatment for patients with chronic HCV infection is interferon based therapies alone or in combination with ribavirin and protease inhibitors. Although a sustained virological response of patients to the applied therapy, a great portion of patients did not show any response. HCV infection is mostly associated with progressive liver diseases including fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although the focus of many patients and clinicians is sometimes limited to that problem, the natural history of HCV infection (HCV) is also associated with the development of several extrahepatic manifestations including dermatologic, rheumatologic, neurologic, and nephrologic complications, diabetes, arterial hypertension, autoantibodies and cryglobulins. Despite the notion that HCV-mediated extrahepatic manifestations are credible, the mechanism of their modulation is not fully described in detail. Therefore, the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of HCV-induced alteration of intracellular signal transduction pathways, during the course of HCV infection, may offer novel therapeutic targets for HCV-associated both hepatic and extrahepatic manifestations. This review will elaborate the etiopathogenesis of HCV-host interactions and summarize the current knowledge of HCV-associated diseases and their possible therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hassan
- Mohamed Hassan, Denis Selimovic, Youssef Haikel, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, U 977, Faculty of Medicine, and Dental Faculty, 11 Rue Humann, 67085 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Denis Selimovic
- Mohamed Hassan, Denis Selimovic, Youssef Haikel, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, U 977, Faculty of Medicine, and Dental Faculty, 11 Rue Humann, 67085 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Abdelouahid El-Khattouti
- Mohamed Hassan, Denis Selimovic, Youssef Haikel, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, U 977, Faculty of Medicine, and Dental Faculty, 11 Rue Humann, 67085 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Hanan Ghozlan
- Mohamed Hassan, Denis Selimovic, Youssef Haikel, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, U 977, Faculty of Medicine, and Dental Faculty, 11 Rue Humann, 67085 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Youssef Haikel
- Mohamed Hassan, Denis Selimovic, Youssef Haikel, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, U 977, Faculty of Medicine, and Dental Faculty, 11 Rue Humann, 67085 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Ola Abdelkader
- Mohamed Hassan, Denis Selimovic, Youssef Haikel, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, U 977, Faculty of Medicine, and Dental Faculty, 11 Rue Humann, 67085 Strasbourg Cedex, France
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Aoyama I, Calenic B, Imai T, Ii H, Yaegaki K. Oral malodorous compound causes caspase-8 and -9 mediated programmed cell death in osteoblasts. J Periodontal Res 2011; 47:365-73. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2011.01442.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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20
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Abstract
A hallmark of tissue injury in various models of ischemia/reperfusion (IR) is mitochondrial dysfunction and the release of mitochondrial proapoptotic proteins leading to cell death. Although IR-induced mitochondrial injury has been extensively studied and key mitochondrial functions affected by IR are chiefly characterized, the nature of the molecule that causes loss of mitochondrial integrity and function remains obscure. It has become increasingly clear that ceramide, a membrane sphingolipid and a key mediator of cell stress responses, could play a critical role in IR-induced mitochondrial damage. Emerging data point to excessive ceramide accumulation in tissue and, specifically, in mitochondria after IR. Exogenously added to isolated mitochondria, ceramide could mimic some of the mitochondrial dysfunctions occurring in IR. The recent identification and characterization of major enzymes in ceramide synthesis is expected to contribute to the understanding of molecular mechanisms of ceramide involvement in mitochondrial damage in IR. This review will examine the experimental evidence supporting the important role of ceramide in mitochondrial dysfunction in IR to highlight potential targets for pharmacological manipulation of ceramide levels.
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21
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Dabrowska MM, Panasiuk A, Flisiak R. Signal transduction pathways in liver and the influence of hepatitis C virus infection on their activities. World J Gastroenterol 2009; 15:2184-9. [PMID: 19437557 PMCID: PMC2682232 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.15.2184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In liver, the most intensively studied transmembrane and intracellular signal transduction pathways are the Janus kinase signal transduction pathway, the mitogen-activated protein kinases signal transduction pathway, the transforming growth factor β signal transduction pathway, the tumor necrosis factor α signal transduction pathway and the recently discovered sphingolipid signal transduction pathway. All of them are activated by many different cytokines and growth factors. They regulate specific cell mechanisms such as hepatocytes proliferation, growth, differentiation, adhesion, apoptosis, and synthesis and degradation of the extracellular matrix. The replication cycle of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is intracellular and requires signal transduction to the nucleus to regulate transcription of its genes. Moreover, HCV itself, by its structural and non-structural proteins, could influence the activity of the second signal messengers. Thus, the inhibition of the transmembrane and intracellular signal transduction pathways could be a new therapeutic target in chronic hepatitis C treatment.
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Kang JH, Garg H, Sigano DM, Francella N, Blumenthal R, Marquez VE. Ceramides: branched alkyl chains in the sphingolipid siblings of diacylglycerol improve biological potency. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:1498-505. [PMID: 19171486 PMCID: PMC6980351 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2008] [Revised: 01/07/2009] [Accepted: 01/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of a small number of ceramide analogues containing a combination of linear and highly branched alkyl chains on either the d-sphingosine or the N-acyl core of the molecule is reported. Regardless of location, the presence of the branched chain improves potency relative to the positive control, C2 ceramide; however, the most potent compound (4) has the branched side chain as part of the d-sphingosine core. The induction of apoptosis by 4 in terms of Annexin V binding and DiOC(6) labeling was superior to that achieved with C2 ceramide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Kang
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg 376/104, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Himanshu Garg
- Nanobiology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg 469/152, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Dina M. Sigano
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg 376/104, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Nicholas Francella
- Nanobiology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg 469/152, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Robert Blumenthal
- Nanobiology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg 469/152, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Victor E. Marquez
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg 376/104, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
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23
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Zabielski P, Baranowski M, Zendzian-Piotrowska M, Błachnio-Zabielska A, Górski J. Bezafibrate decreases growth stimulatory action of the sphingomyelin signaling pathway in regenerating rat liver. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2007; 85:17-25. [PMID: 18024222 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2007.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2007] [Revised: 09/17/2007] [Accepted: 09/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy (PH) is achieved through proliferation of hepatocytes and non-parenchymal cells. The nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) is involved in regulation of lipid metabolism and proliferation of hepatic cells. The sphingomyelin signal transduction pathway is involved in the regulation of the cell cycle in eukaryotic organisms. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and ceramide (CER)-- the intermediates of the pathway--are known to stimulate and to inhibit cellular proliferation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of PPARalpha activation by bezafibrate on the sphingomyelin signaling pathway during the first 24h of liver regeneration after PH in the rat. The content of sphingomyelin, ceramide, sphingosine, sphinganine, sphingosine-1-phosphate and the activity of sphingomyelinases and ceramidases were determined at various time points after PH. It has been found that the activity of neutral Mg(2+)-dependent sphingomyelinase (nSMase) increased, whereas the activity of acidic sphingomyelinase (aSMase) decreased in the regenerating liver. Activation of PPARalpha by bezafibrate lower the activity of nSMase and increased the activity of aSMase in the regenerating rat liver. The content of ceramide was higher in bezafibrate-treated rats, whereas the content of sphingosine-1-phosphate was markedly lower as compared to the untreated rats. Therefore, it is concluded that activation of PPARalpha by bezafibrate decreases the growth-stimulatory activity of the sphingomyelin pathway in regenerating rat liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Zabielski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-089 Białystok, Poland.
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24
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Lin CF, Chen CL, Chiang CW, Jan MS, Huang WC, Lin YS. GSK-3beta acts downstream of PP2A and the PI 3-kinase-Akt pathway, and upstream of caspase-2 in ceramide-induced mitochondrial apoptosis. J Cell Sci 2007; 120:2935-43. [PMID: 17666435 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.03473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The signaling of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) has been implicated in stress-induced apoptosis. However, the pro-apoptotic role of GSK-3beta is still unclear. Here, we show the involvement of GSK-3beta in ceramide-induced mitochondrial apoptosis. Ceramide induced GSK-3beta activation via protein dephosphorylation at serine 9. We previously reported that ceramide induced caspase-2 and caspase-8 activation, Bid cleavage, mitochondrial damage, and apoptosis. In this study, we found that caspase-2 activation and the subsequent apoptotic events were abolished by the GSK-3beta inhibitors lithium chloride and SB216763, and by GSK-3beta knockdown using short interfering RNA. We also found that ceramide-activated protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) indirectly caused GSK-3beta activation, and that the PP2A-regulated PI 3-kinase-Akt pathway was involved in GSK-3beta activation. These results indicate a role for GSK-3beta in ceramide-induced apoptosis, in which GSK-3beta acts downstream of PP2A and the PI 3-kinase-Akt pathway, and upstream of caspase-2 and caspase-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiou-Feng Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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25
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Boyle PJ, Ma R, Tuteja N, Banerjee S, Basu S. Apoptosis of human breast carcinoma cells in the presence of cis-platin and L-/D-PPMP: IV. Modulation of replication complexes and glycolipid: Glycosyltransferases. Glycoconj J 2007; 23:175-87. [PMID: 16691501 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-006-7923-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis of human breast carcinoma cells (SKBR-3, MCF-7, and MDA-468) has been observed after treatment of these cells with anti-cancer drug cis-platin and glycosphingolipid biosynthesis inhibitor L- and D-PPMP, respectively. These drugs initiated apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner as measured by phenotypic morphological changes, by binding of a fluorescent phophatidyl serine-specific dye (PSS-380) onto the outer leaflet of the cell membranes, and by activation of caspases, -3, -8, and -9. It was observed that in two hours very little apoptotic process had started but predominant biochemical changes occurred after 6 h. DNA degradation started after 24 hours of drug treatment. However, very little is known about the stability of the ';Replication Complexes'' during the apoptotic process. DNA helicases are motor proteins that catalyze the melting of genomic DNA during its replication, repair, and recombination processes. Previously, DNA helicase-III was characterized as a component of the replication complexes isolated from embryonic chicken brains as well as breast and colon carcinoma cells. Helicase activities were measured by a novel method (ROME assay), and DNA polymerase-alpha activities were determined by regular chain extension of the nicked ACT-DNA, by determining values obtained from +/- aphidicolin-treated incubation mixtures. In all three breast carcinoma cell lines, a common trend was observed: a decrease of activities of DNA polymerase-alpha and Helicase III. A sharp decrease of activities of the glycolipid sialyltransferases: SAT-2 (CMP-NeuAc; GD3 alpha2-8 sialyltransferase) and SAT-4 (CMP-NeuAc: GM1a alpha2-3 sialyltransferase) was observed in the apoptotic carcinoma cells treated with L-PPMP compared with cis-platin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Boyle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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26
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Vassina EM, Yousefi S, Simon D, Zwicky C, Conus S, Simon HU. cIAP-2 and survivin contribute to cytokine-mediated delayed eosinophil apoptosis. Eur J Immunol 2006; 36:1975-84. [PMID: 16761316 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200635943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The exact molecular mechanisms leading to delayed apoptosis, a phenomenon frequently observed in eosinophil inflammatory responses, remain largely unknown. Here, we show that cultured eosinophils purified from blood of hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) patients exhibit delayed spontaneous death and relative resistance towards ceramide- but not CD95-mediated death. The subsequent investigation of members of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family revealed that HES but not normal eosinophils expressed high levels of cellular IAP-2 (cIAP-2) and survivin. The eosinophil hematopoietins IL-3, IL-5, and GM-CSF increased the expression of cIAP-2 and survivin in normal eosinophils in vitro. In the blood of HES patients, we observed increased concentrations of IL-3 and/or IL-5, suggesting that these cytokines are, at least partially, responsible for the elevated levels of cIAP-2 and survivin in the eosinophils of these patients. Utilizing a cell-free system in which caspase-3 was activated in eosinophil cytosolic extracts by addition of cytochrome c and immunodepletion of cIAP-2 or survivin resulted in accelerated caspase activation. These data suggest that some members of the IAP family including survivin are regulated by survival cytokines and inhibit the caspase cascade in HES eosinophils. The cytokine-dependent mechanism of delayed eosinophil apoptosis described here may also apply to other eosinophilic diseases.
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27
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Stover TC, Sharma A, Robertson GP, Kester M. Systemic delivery of liposomal short-chain ceramide limits solid tumor growth in murine models of breast adenocarcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2005; 11:3465-74. [PMID: 15867249 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-04-1770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In vitro tumor cell culture models have illuminated the potential therapeutic utility of elevating the intracellular concentration of the antimitogenic and proapoptotic sphingolipid, ceramide. However, although cell-permeable, short-chain ceramide is an effective apoptotic agent in vitro, its use as an in vivo, systemically delivered therapeutic is limited by its inherent lipid hydrophobicity and physicochemical properties. Here, we report that the systemic i.v. delivery of C6-ceramide (C6) in a pegylated liposomal formulation significantly limited the growth of solid tumors in a syngeneic BALB/c mouse tumor model of breast adenocarcinoma. Over a 3-week treatment period, a well-tolerated dose of 36 mg/kg liposomal-C6 elicited a >6-fold reduction in tumor size compared with empty ghost liposomes. Histologic analyses of solid tumors from liposomal-C6-treated mice showed a marked increase in the presence of apoptotic cells, with a coincident decrease in cellular proliferation and in the development of a microvessel network. Liposomal-C6 accumulated within caveolae and mitochondria, suggesting putative mechanisms by which ceramide induces selective cancer cell cytotoxicity. A pharmacokinetic analysis of systemic liposomal-C6 delivery showed that the pegylated liposomal formulation follows first-order kinetics in the blood and achieves a steady-state concentration in tumor tissue. Confirming the therapeutic utility of i.v. liposomal-C6 administration, we also shown diminution of solid tumor growth in a human xenograft model of breast cancer. Together, these results indicate that bioactive ceramide analogues can be incorporated into pegylated liposomal vehicles for improved solubility, drug delivery, and antineoplastic efficacy.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Adenocarcinoma/prevention & control
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Caveolae/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Ceramides/administration & dosage
- Ceramides/pharmacokinetics
- Ceramides/therapeutic use
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Female
- Humans
- Injections, Intravenous
- Liposomes
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/prevention & control
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/prevention & control
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Stover
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
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VAN Baarlen P, Staats M, VAN Kan JAL. Induction of programmed cell death in lily by the fungal pathogen Botrytis elliptica. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2004; 5:559-74. [PMID: 20565630 DOI: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2004.00253.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY The genus Botrytis contains necrotrophic plant pathogens that have a wide host range (B. cinerea) or are specialized on a single host species, e.g. B. elliptica on lily. In this study, it was found that B. elliptica-induced cell death of lily displays hallmark features of animal programmed cell death or apoptosis including cytoplasmic shrinkage, nuclear DNA fragmentation and the accumulation of NO as well as H(2)O(2). A pharmacological approach showed that B. elliptica-induced cell death could be modulated by serine and cysteine protease inhibitors including one caspase inhibitor. Blocking phosphatase activity stimulated cell death and concomitant lesion formation, suggesting that B. elliptica-induced cell death is mediated by kinase/phosphatase pathways. Blocking Ca(2+) influx restricted cell death. Blocking steps of sphingolipid biosynthesis delayed lily cell death for several days. B. elliptica culture filtrate (CF) was able to induce lily cell death by means of secreted proteins. Induction of cell death is necessary and sufficient for pathogenicity and host specialization because prior infiltration of B. elliptica CF enabled subsequent infection of lily by the otherwise incompatible pathogens B. cinerea and B. tulipae. The secreted B. elliptica proteins also induced cell death in some but not all Arabidopsis accessions and mutants. Arabidopsis accessions that respond to infiltration of B. elliptica CF also display cell death symptoms upon inoculation with B. elliptica conidia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter VAN Baarlen
- Wageningen University, Plant Sciences, Laboratory of Phytopathology, Binnenhaven 5, 6709 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands
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29
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Chatterjee D, Mukherjee S, Smith MG, Das SK. Signal transduction events in lung injury induced by 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide, a mustard analog. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2004; 17:114-21. [PMID: 12717745 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.10068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur mustard has been used as a vesicant chemical warfare agent. To understand the mechanism by which mustard gas exposure causes respiratory damage, we have used 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES) as a mustard analog. Our initial studies have shown that guinea pigs exposed to CEES intratracheally accumulate high levels of TNF-alpha. Accumulation of TNF-alpha leads to activation of both acid and neutral sphingomyelinases, resulting in high accumulation of ceramides, a second messenger involved in cell apoptosis. In addition, NF-kappa B was activated for a short period (1-2 h after exposure) as determined by mobility shift assay. Supershift assays indicated that both p50 and p65 of NF-kappa B were activated due to CEES exposure. However, NF-kappa B rapidly disappeared after 2 h. It is possible that the initial activation of NF-kappa B was an adaptive response to protect the cells from damage since NF-kappa B is known to inhibit TNF-alpha/ceramide-induced cell apoptosis. Since NF-kappa B disappeared after 2 h, the cells continued being damaged owing to accumulation of ceramides and activation of several caspases, leading to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diptendu Chatterjee
- Department of Biochemistry, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
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Kim SH, Kim SC, Kho YJ, Kwak SW, Lee HG, You SK, Woo JH, Choi YJ. C2-ceramide as a cell death inducer in HC11 mouse mammary epithelial cells. Cancer Lett 2004; 203:191-7. [PMID: 14732227 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2003.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Ceramide is a lipid mediator in cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in many cell lines. However, the molecular mechanisms for ceramide have not been clarified in HC11 mouse mammary epithelial cells. Under phase contrast microscope, C2-ceramide-treated cells clearly showed morphological changes, which were characteristic features of apoptosis. Treatment with C2-ceramide at 10 microM specifically resulted in the death of 50% of the cells after 48 h as assessed by MTT assay. To further investigate which genes contribute to cell death in C2-ceramide-treated cells, we used the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to assess mRNA levels for five genes in the Bcl-2 family and five genes in the caspases family. The steady-state mRNA levels of Bax, Bad and Bak were not significantly changed for 48 h of C2-ceramide treatment. The increases of mRNA levels of Bcl-2 and Bcl-w were observed for the first 3 h of C2-ceramide treatment and the last 24 h between 24 and 48 h. We also found that in HC11 cells, C2-ceramide increased mRNA levels of the caspases family from 6 to 24 h. These results suggest that in the HC11 cells, C2-ceramide promote cell death by mediating the induction of caspases and that HC11 mouse mammary epithelial cells paradoxically up-regulate the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-w to prevent C2-ceramide-mediated cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hak Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Suweon 441-744, South Korea
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31
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Cruthirds DL, Novak L, Akhi KM, Sanders PW, Thompson JA, MacMillan-Crow LA. Mitochondrial targets of oxidative stress during renal ischemia/reperfusion. Arch Biochem Biophys 2003; 412:27-33. [PMID: 12646264 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9861(03)00039-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous tyrosine nitration and inactivation of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) has previously been shown to occur in both human and rat chronic renal allograft rejection. To elucidate the time course of MnSOD inactivation and mitochondrial dysfunction at earlier times during renal transplantation, we developed a rodent model of renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Renal function was significantly impaired at 16 h reperfusion following 30 min of warm ischemia. Tyrosine nitration of specific mitochondrial proteins, MnSOD and cytochrome c, occurred at the earliest time point examined, an event that preceded significant renal injury. Interestingly, a small percentage of both mitochondrial proteins were also located in the cytosol. This leakage and decreased adenosine 5(')-triphosphate levels indicate loss of mitochondrial membrane integrity during renal I/R. Inactivation of MnSOD occurred rapidly in this model of renal I/R, suggesting that loss of MnSOD activity leads to further renal injury and nitration of other mitochondrial targets.
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