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Pal PC, Nag S, Jyothi D, Das S, Saha KD, Singh UP. Swietenolide isolated from Swietenia macrophylla King in Hook seeds shows in vitro anti-colorectal cancer activity through inhibition of mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) homolog. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:2097-2104. [PMID: 37450037 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2233045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Swietenia macrophylla King in Hook (SM) is known to have several medicinal properties. Chloroform extracts of SM seeds (SMCE) as well as two isolated limonoids swietenine (1) and swietenolide (2) showed significant in vitro anti-CRC activity in human colon carcinoma (HCT116) cell line. 2 (IC50 = 5.6 µM) was found to be two times more potent than 1 (IC50 = 10 µM). Both compounds showed anti-CRC activity through inhibition of the Mouse Double Minute 2 homolog (MDM2) of the MDM2-p53 pathway. The Selectivity Index (S.I.) of isolated compounds 1 and 2 for cancer cells were about 6.6 and 12.8 fold respectively which was significantly better than the S.I. of the extract (S.I. ∼1.5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Purna Chandra Pal
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Kolkata, India
| | - Sayoni Nag
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), Kolkata, India
| | - Deeti Jyothi
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), Kolkata, India
| | - Sudesna Das
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), Kolkata, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Krishna Das Saha
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), Kolkata, India
| | - Umesh Prasad Singh
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), Kolkata, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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2
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Syame SM, Mohamed SM, Elgabry EA, Darwish YAA, Mansour AS. Chemical characterization, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic potentials of Swietenia mahagoni. AMB Express 2022; 12:77. [PMID: 35705723 PMCID: PMC9200926 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-022-01406-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases are the most important cause of death worldwide. Many of these diseases show great resistance to drugs and antibiotics with long-term use. Extracts of some medicinal plants have antimicrobial properties, which can treat and overcome these diseases. Meliaceae is a family of timber trees used extensively in treating many bacterial and fungal diseases, especially Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq. In this study, phytochemical screening, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis, and antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antitumor activities of the methanolic extract of S. mahagoni (L.) leaves were performed. Phytochemical screening exhibited the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenols, triterpenoids, glycosides, and tannins. GC/MS analysis exhibited 40 compounds, mainly 7-hexadecene, (Z)-, imidazole-4,5-d2, and 1-acetyl-4,4-bis[4-(3-bromopropoxy)-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl] piperidine. The antibacterial and antifungal potentials of the methanolic extract of S. mahagoni (L.) leaves was investigated using the agar well diffusion technique. Potent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Proteus vulgaris and antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, and Candida albicans were found. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal and fungicidal concentrations ranged from 12.5 to 25 mg/mL. Antioxidant activity was studied using the free radical scavenging assay, and the IC50 value of the leaf extract was 69.9 µg/mL. Cytotoxic activity was screened using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, and the IC50 value was 44.2 µg/mL. These findings suggested the importance of this plant in treating some bacterial and fungal infections and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohier M Syame
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samy M Mohamed
- Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - E A Elgabry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Asmaa S Mansour
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Cairo, Egypt.
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Characterization and Antifungal Activity of Limonoid Constituents Isolated from Meliaceae Plants Melia dubia, Aphanamixis polystachya, and Swietenia macrophylla against Plant Pathogenic Fungi In Vitro. J CHEM-NY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/4153790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The plants of Meliaceae are native to tropical and subtropical regions as the Americas, west India, Southeast Asia, and Southern China. Many species of the genera Khaya, Swietenia, Aphanamixis, and Melia in this family are known as medicinal plants and have biological activities such as antiviral, antimicrobial, antifeeding, insecticidal, and cytotoxic properties. The objectives of this research are to characterize and evaluate the bioactive limonoids from several plants of Meliaceae against phytopathogenic fungi. During the search of antifungal compounds from the plants of Meliaceae, the three methanol extracts of Melia dubia, Aphanamixis polystachya, and Swietenia macrophylla were found to suppress the mycelial growth of several phytopathogenic fungi. Nine limonoids isolated from M. dubia (1–2), A. polystachya (3–5), and S. macrophylla (6–9) were evaluated, for the first time, their antifungal effectiveness against nine phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum, Magnaporthe oryzae, Sclerotium rolfsii, Rhizoctonia solani, Alternaria spp., and Botrytis cinerea, and three oomycetes Phytophthora species. Limonoids 2, 3, 6, and 8 displayed a remarkable broad-spectrum antifungal activity against all the test fungi. Sclerotium rolfsii was highly sensitive to the four limonoids with IC50 values ranging from 79.4 to 128.0 µg/mL. Notably, chisocheton compound G (3) isolated from A. polystachya and khayanolide B (8) isolated from S. macrophylla were the most potent antifungal limonoids and exhibited a dose-dependent activity against Phytophthora species. Compounds 2 and 9 displayed moderate activity against M. oryzae. Our study results demonstrated the discovery of antifungal and lead compounds from the group of limonoids for application in the control of fungal plant diseases.
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Veni A, Lokeswari TS, Krishna Kumari GN, Gayathri D, Sudandiradoss C. Bioactivity of melianone against Salmonella and in silico prediction of a membrane protein target. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:460. [PMID: 33088657 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02441-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Melianone, the protolimonoid (24, 25-epoxyflindissone), was isolated from the medicinal tree species, Swietenia mahagoni (L.) JACQ (Meliaceae). The compound isolated from petroleum ether leaf extracts (5.39%) was quantified using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method. In antimicrobial assays melianone inhibited Salmonella ser. Typhi with an MIC of 0.053 µM. Induced Fit Docking (IFD) of the ligand, melianone, with proteins involved in anaerobic virulence of the pathogen, revealed that it binds with FocA (a transport protein of formate ions) at its "periplasmic opening" with a glide energy of - 51.8576 kcal mol-1. Melianone altered the overall conformation of the protein (protomer A) by 0.347 Å RMSD. It induced a notable protein topology (Ω loop region) shift in the channel from an intermediate-open to a closed-state conformation and was supported by molecular dynamic simulations performed. FocA, a protein that contributes to its survival under anaerobic conditions, was further evaluated experimentally, after exposure of Salmonella ser. Typhi to melianone, resulting in the altered homeostasis of formate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Veni
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed To Be University), Porur, 600116 India
| | - T S Lokeswari
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed To Be University), Porur, 600116 India
| | - G N Krishna Kumari
- Former Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed To Be University), Porur, 600116 India
| | - D Gayathri
- Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600025 India
| | - C Sudandiradoss
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioscience and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) University, Vellore, 632014 India
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Sun YP, Jin WF, Wang YY, Wang G, Morris-Natschke SL, Liu JS, Wang GK, Lee KH. Chemical Structures and Biological Activities of Limonoids from the Genus Swietenia (Meliaceae). Molecules 2018; 23:E1588. [PMID: 29966275 PMCID: PMC6099683 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Swietenia is a genus in the plant family Meliaceae. This genus contains seven to eight known species, found in the tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas and West Africa. Thus far, more than 160 limonoids have been isolated from four species of the genus Swietenia. Limonoids are rich in structure type and biological activity, and these compounds are the main active components in the Swietenia species. This paper will give a comprehensive overview of the recent phytochemical and pharmacological research on the terpenes from Swietenia plants and encourage further drug discovery research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Peng Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
| | - Wen-Fang Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
| | - Yong-Yue Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
| | - Gang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Anhui Authentic Chinese Medicine Quality Improvement, Hefei 230012, China.
| | - Susan L Morris-Natschke
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7568, USA.
| | - Jin-Song Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Anhui Authentic Chinese Medicine Quality Improvement, Hefei 230012, China.
| | - Guo-Kai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Anhui Authentic Chinese Medicine Quality Improvement, Hefei 230012, China.
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7568, USA.
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7568, USA.
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
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Zoccali M, Arigò A, Russo M, Salafia F, Dugo P, Mondello L. Characterization of Limonoids in Citrus Essential Oils by Means of Supercritical Fluid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-018-1303-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Meng QQ, Peng XR, Lu SY, Wan LS, Wang X, Dong JR, Chu R, Zhou L, Li XN, Qiu MH. Lactam Triterpenoids from the Bark of Toona sinensis. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2016; 6:239-245. [PMID: 27757925 PMCID: PMC5080210 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-016-0108-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Three new limonoid-type triterpenoids, namely toonasins A-C (1-3) with a rare lactam E ring, along with six known compounds (4-9) were isolated from the barks of Toona sinensis. The structures of new compounds were elucidated by interpretation of spectroscopic data, and the relative configuration of compound 1 was further characterized by X-ray crystallographic analyses. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against five human tumor cell lines (HL-60, SMMC-7721, A-549, MCF-7 and SW480), and compounds 3 and 5 showed weak cytotoxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Rong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang-Yang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Luo-Sheng Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Run Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Nian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Hua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
- Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China.
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Bergamot ( Citrus bergamia Risso ) as a source of nutraceuticals: Limonoids and flavonoids. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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9
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Chen LC, Liao HR, Chen PY, Kuo WL, Chang TH, Sung PJ, Wen ZH, Chen JJ. Limonoids from the Seeds of Swietenia macrophylla and Their Anti-Inflammatory Activities. Molecules 2015; 20:18551-64. [PMID: 26473818 PMCID: PMC6331795 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201018551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A new limonoid, swietemacrophin (1), was isolated from the seeds of Swietenia macrophylla, together with five known compounds 2-6. The structure of 1 was determined through extensive 1D/2D-NMR and mass-spectrometric analyses. Swietemacrophin (1), humilinolide F (2), 3,6-O,O-diacetylswietenolide (3), 3-O-tigloylswietenolide (4), and swietemahonin E (5) exhibited inhibition (IC50 values≤45.44 μM) of superoxide anion generation by human neutrophils in response to formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (fMLP). Compounds 1, 4, 5, and swietenine (6) showed potent inhibition with IC50 values≤36.32 μM, against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chai Chen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, Asia-Pacific Ocean Research Center, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
- Department of Pharmacy, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81342, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiang-Ruei Liao
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Yu Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81342, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Lung Kuo
- Chung-Jen Junior College of Nursing, Health Sciences and Management, Chiayi 60077, Taiwan.
| | - Tsung-Hsien Chang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan.
| | - Ping-Jyun Sung
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 944, Taiwan.
| | - Zhi-Hong Wen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, Asia-Pacific Ocean Research Center, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Jih-Jung Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan.
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Paritala V, Chiruvella KK, Thammineni C, Ghanta RG, Mohammed A. Phytochemicals and antimicrobial potentials of mahogany family. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Li Y, Lu Q, Luo J, Wang J, Wang X, Zhu M, Kong L. Limonoids from the Stem Bark of Khaya senegalensis. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2015; 63:305-10. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c14-00770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University
- Testing & Analysis Center, Nanjing Normal University
| | - Qinpei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University
| | - Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University
| | - Junsong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University
| | - Mengdi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University
| | - Lingyi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University
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Xu JB, Lin Y, Dong SH, Wang F, Yue JM. Trichinenlides A-T, mexicanolide-type limonoids from Trichilia sinensis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2013; 76:1872-1880. [PMID: 24094143 DOI: 10.1021/np400408s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Twenty new mexicanolide-type limonoids, namely, trichinenlides A-T (1-20), and 11 known analogues were isolated from the leaves and twigs of Trichilia sinensis. Trichinenlides B (2) and C (3) and heytrijunolide D exhibited inhibition against lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 macrophages with IC50 values of 2.85, 1.88, and 3.33 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Biao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
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Moghadamtousi SZ, Goh BH, Chan CK, Shabab T, Kadir HA. Biological activities and phytochemicals of Swietenia macrophylla King. Molecules 2013; 18:10465-83. [PMID: 23999722 PMCID: PMC6270564 DOI: 10.3390/molecules180910465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Swietenia macrophylla King (Meliaceae) is an endangered and medicinally important plant indigenous to tropical and subtropical regions of the World. S. macrophylla has been widely used in folk medicine to treat various diseases. The review reveals that limonoids and its derivatives are the major constituents of S. macrophylla. There are several data in the literature indicating a great variety of pharmacological activities of S. macrophylla, which exhibits antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant effects, antimutagenic, anticancer, antitumor and antidiabetic activities. Various other activities like anti-nociceptive, hypolipidemic, antidiarrhoeal, anti-infective, antiviral, antimalarial, acaricidal, antifeedant and heavy metal phytoremediation activity have also been reported. In view of the immense medicinal importance of S. macrophylla, this review aimed at compiling all currently available information on its ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry and biological activities of S. macrophylla, showing its importance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Habsah Abdul Kadir
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +603-796-743-63; Fax: +603-796-741-78
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Liu JQ, Peng XR, Zhang WM, Shi L, Li XY, Chen JC, Qiu MH. Swietemahalactone, a rearranged phragmalin-type limonoid with anti-bacterial effect, from Swietenia mahagoni. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra23401k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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15
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Dharmalingam K, Tan BK, Mahmud MZ, Sedek SAM, Majid MIA, Kuah MK, Sulaiman SF, Ooi KL, Khan NAK, Muhammad TST, Tan MW, Shu-Chien AC. Swietenia macrophylla extract promotes the ability of Caenorhabditis elegans to survive Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 139:657-663. [PMID: 22193176 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Revised: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Swietenia macrophylla or commonly known as big leaf mahogany, has been traditionally used as an antibacterial and antifungal agent. AIM OF THE STUDY The unwanted problem of antibiotic resistance in many bacterial species advocates the need for the discovery of the new anti-infective drugs. Here, we investigated the anti-infective properties of Swietenia macrophylla with an assay involving lethal infection of Caenorhabditis elegans with the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using a slow killing assay, Caenorhabditis elegans was challenged with an infective strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA14). The ability of Swietenia macrophylla seed ethyl acetate extract to promote the survival of infected worms was assessed by comparing the percentage of survival between extract treated and non-treated worm populations. The effect of Swietenia macrophylla towards PA14 growth, Caenorhabditis elegans feeding rate and degree of PA14 colonization in the worm gut was also evaluated. Lastly, using a fluorescent transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans strain and real time PCR, the effect of Swietenia macrophylla on the expression of lys-7, an immune response gene was also investigated. RESULTS Our results demonstrate the ability of Swietenia macrophylla seed ethyl acetate extract in rescuing Caenorhabditis elegans from fatal PA14 infection. Consequently, we showed that the extract promotes the survival without exhibiting any bactericidal effect or perturbation of Caenorhabditis elegans feeding rate. We also showed that Swietenia macrophylla was able to restore the initially repressed lys-7 level in PA14 infected Caenorhabditis elegans. CONCLUSION Swietenia macrophylla extract is able to enhance the ability of Caenorhabditis elegans to survive PA14 infection without directly killing the pathogen. We further showed that the extract boosted the expression of a gene pivotal for innate immunity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Collectively, these findings strongly suggest the presence of compounds within Swietenia macrophylla seed that either reduces Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence and/or enhance host resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komalavali Dharmalingam
- Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Penang, Malaysia
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Gang Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, P.R.China
- Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, P.R.China
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, P.R.China
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Goh BH, Abdul Kadir H, Abdul Malek SN, Ng SW. Swietenolide diacetate from the seeds of Swietenia macrophylla. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2010; 66:o1396. [PMID: 21579475 PMCID: PMC2979530 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536810017733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 05/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The title compound, C(31)H(38)O(10) [systematic name: (αR,4R,4aR,6aS,7R,8S,10R,11S)-methyl α,10-di-acet-oxy-4-(3-furyl)-4a,7,9,9-tetra-methyl-2,13-dioxo-1,4,4a,5,6,6a,7,8,9,10,11,12-dodeca-hydro-7,11-methano-2H-cyclo-octa-[f][2]benzo-pyran-8-acetate], was isolated from the seeds of Swietenia macrophylla. The mol-ecule contains four six-membered rings connected together in the shape of a bowl; one of the inner rings adopts a twisted chair conformation owing to the carbon-carbon double bond. The furyl substitutent is connected to an outer ring, and it points away from the bowl cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bey Hing Goh
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Habsah Abdul Kadir
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Seik Weng Ng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Chen JJ, Huang SS, Liao CH, Wei DC, Sung PJ, Wang TC, Cheng MJ. A new phragmalin-type limonoid and anti-inflammatory constituents from the fruits of Swietenia macrophylla. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.09.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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19
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Lin BD, Zhang CR, Yang SP, Zhang S, Wu Y, Yue JM. D-ring-opened phragmalin-type limonoid orthoesters from the twigs of Swietenia macrophylla. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2009; 72:1305-1313. [PMID: 19552385 DOI: 10.1021/np900139c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Sixteen new D-ring-opened phragmalin limonoid orthoesters, swietenitins A-M (1-6, 8, 10, 12-16), 2-acetoxyswietenialide D (7), 2,11-diacetoxyswietenialide D (9), and 11-deoxyswietenialide D (11), and four known compounds were isolated from the twigs of Swietenia macrophylla. The structures of 1-16 were established on the basis of spectroscopic methods, and 1 and 2 were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The (1)H NMR-based conformational analysis on the epimeric compounds 1 and 2 provided a general approach to determine the absolute configuration of the 2,3-epoxy-2-methylbutyryloxy unit at C-3 borne by a large group of the known phragmalin-type limonoid orthoesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Dong Lin
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
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20
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Teng HM, Fang MF, Cai X, Hu ZH. Localization and dynamic change of saponin in vegetative organs of Polygala tenuifolia. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2009; 51:529-536. [PMID: 19522811 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2009.00830.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Anatomical, histochemical and phytochemical methods were used to investigate the structure, localization and dynamic changes of total saponin and senegenin of vegetative organs in Polygala tenuifolia Willd. Histochemical localization results showed that saponin accumulated mainly in parenchyma cells of vegetative organs. The phytochemical results also showed that the saponin accumulated in the vegetative organs of P. tenuifolia, with higher content in roots and lower content in the aerial parts that included stems and leaves. The saponin content and dry weight of the vegetative organs of P. tenuifolia had dynamic variance at the developmental stages and all reached the highest level in the post-fruit period. Hence, the roots and aerial parts should be gathered in August to make full use of the plant. As the root is the main medicinal organ of P. tenuifolia, the content of total saponin and senegenin of different aged and different parts of the root were determined. The content of total saponin and senegenin exhibited a sustained decreasing trend with increasing root age; therefore, the annual roots had high quality. The content of total saponin and senegenin in different parts of the root showed obvious variation. The content in the "skin areas" was much higher than that of xylem. The results offer a theoretical basis for determining the appropriate harvesting stage and a reasonable harvest of P. tenuifolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Mei Teng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in West China, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
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21
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Rahman AKMS, Chowdhury AKA, Ali HA, Raihan SZ, Ali MS, Nahar L, Sarker SD. Antibacterial activity of two limonoids from Swietenia mahagoni against multiple-drug-resistant (MDR) bacterial strains. J Nat Med 2008; 63:41-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-008-0287-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2008] [Accepted: 07/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Zhang H, Wang X, Chen F, Androulakis XM, Wargovich MJ. Anticancer activity of limonoid from Khaya senegalensis. Phytother Res 2007; 21:731-4. [PMID: 17450502 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Two limonoids were isolated from the methanol extract of Khaya senegalensis (Meliaceae), and their structures were identified as 3alpha,7alpha-dideacetylkhivorin (1) and 1-O-acetylkhayanolide B (2) on the basis of MS and NMR spectral data. Complete assignments of (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts for compounds 1 and 2 were achieved by means of 1D and 2D NMR including DEPT, (1)H-(1)H COSY, HMQC, HMBC experiments. Compound 1 showed significant growth inhibitory activities against MCF-7, SiHa and Caco-2 cells with IC(50) values in the range of 0.07-0.14 microm (35-69 ppm) while compound 2 did not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaping Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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23
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Schefer AB, Braumann U, Tseng LH, Spraul M, Soares MG, Fernandes JB, da Silva MFGF, Vieira PC, Ferreira AG. Application of high-performance liquid chromatography–nuclear magnetic resonance coupling to the identification of limonoids from mahogany tree (Switenia macrophylla, Meliaceae) by stopped-flow 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1128:152-63. [PMID: 16904679 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2005] [Revised: 06/09/2006] [Accepted: 06/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Separation and characterization of limonoids from Switenia macrophylla (Meliaceae) by HPLC-NMR technique has been described. Analyses were carried out using reversed-phase gradient HPLC elution coupled to NMR (600 MHz) spectrometer in stopped-flow mode. Separated peaks were collected into an interface unit prior to NMR measurements, which were performed with suppression of solvent signals by shaped pulses sequences. Structure elucidation of the limonoids was attained by data obtained from 1H NMR, TOCSY, gHSQC and gHMBC spectra without conventional isolation that is usually applied in natural products studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre B Schefer
- NMR Division, Bruker BioSpin GmbH, D-76287 Rheinstetten, Silberstreifen, Germany.
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24
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Roy A, Saraf S. Limonoids: overview of significant bioactive triterpenes distributed in plants kingdom. Biol Pharm Bull 2006; 29:191-201. [PMID: 16462017 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.29.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The search for limonoids started long back when scientists started looking for the factor responsible for bitterness in citrus which has negative impact on citrus fruit and juice industry worldwide. The term limonoids was derived from limonin, the first tetranortriterpenoid obtained from citrus bitter principles. Compounds belonging to this group have exhibited a range of biological activities like insecticidal, insect antifeedant and growth regulating activity on insects as well as antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, anticancer, antiviral and a number of other pharmacological activities on humans. Although hundreds of limonoids have been isolated from various plants but, their occurrence in the plant kingdom is confined to only plant families of order Rutales and that too more abundantly in Meliaceae and Rutaceae, and less frequently in Cneoraceae and Harrisonia sp. of Simaroubaceae. Limonoids are highly oxygenated, modified terpenoids with a prototypical structure either containing or derived from a precursor with a 4,4,8-trimethyl-17-furanylsteroid skeleton. All naturally occurring citrus limonoids contain a furan ring attached to the D-ring, at C-17, as well as oxygen containing functional groups at C-3, C-4, C-7, C-16 and C-17. The structural variations of limonoids found in Rutaceae are less than in Meliaceae and are generally limited to the modification of A and B rings, the limonoids of Meliaceae are more complex with very high degree of oxidation and rearrangement exhibited in the parent limonoid structure. To counter the problem of bitterness in citrus juice and products genetic engineering of citrus to maximize the formation of limonoid glucosides for reducing limonoid bitterness is the focus of recent and future research. Regarding the biological activities of limonoids the investigations are to be directed towards detailed characterization, quantification, and designing a simple as well as versatile synthetic route of apparently important limonoids. Extraction methods too should be optimized; evaluation and establishment of pharmaco-dynamic and kinetic principles, and structure activity relationships should be a key goal associated with limonoids so that they can be safely introduced in our arsenal of pharmaceuticals to safeguard the humanity from the wrath of disease and its discomfort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Roy
- GRY Institute of Pharmacy, Vidya Vihar, Borawan-451228, Dist. Khargone, MP, India.
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25
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Abdelgaleil SAM, Hashinaga F, Nakatani M. Antifungal activity of limonoids from Khaya ivorensis. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2005; 61:186-190. [PMID: 15619711 DOI: 10.1002/ps.978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Chemical investigation of the diethyl ether extract of the stem bark of Khaya ivorensis A Chev (Meliaceae) afforded ten limonoids of angolensates, ring D-opened limonoids and mexicanolides. The structures of the limonoids isolated were determined by comparison of their (1)H and (13)C NMR data with those reported in the literature. These compounds were evaluated for their antifungal activity against the plant pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea Pers. Methyl 6-hydroxyangolensate and 3,7-dideacetylkhivorin were also tested for their antifungal and antibacterial activities on several fungal and bacterial species. Methyl angolensate and 1,3,7-trideacetylkhivorin displayed the highest antifungal activity against B. cinerea, with respectively 62.8 and 64.0% mycelial growth inhibition at 1000 mg litre(-1), and 73.3 and 68.6% mycelial growth inhibition at 1500 mg litre(-1). 3,7-Dideacetylkhivorin showed stronger antifungal and antibacterial activities than methyl 6-hydroxyangolensate against all of the test fungi and bacteria except Penicillium expansum Link. This is the first report on the antifungal and antibacterial effects of these limonoids. Structure-antifungal activity relationships of the limonoids isolated are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir A M Abdelgaleil
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture (Elshatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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26
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Goun E, Cunningham G, Chu D, Nguyen C, Miles D. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of Indonesian ethnomedical plants. Fitoterapia 2003; 74:592-6. [PMID: 12946723 DOI: 10.1016/s0367-326x(03)00117-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Methylene chloride and methanol extracts of 20 Indonesian plants with ethnomedical uses have been assessed for in vitro antibacterial and antifungal properties by disk diffusion method. Extracts of the six plants: Terminalia catappa, Swietenia mahagoni Jacq., Phyllanthus acuminatus, Ipomoea spp., Tylophora asthmatica and Hyptis brevipes demonstrated high activity in this bioassay system. These findings should stimulate the search for novel, natural product such as new antibacterial and antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Goun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
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Ntonifor NN, Brown RH, Mueller-Harvey I. Advantages of soxflo extractions for phytochemical analysis and bioassay screening. 1. Terpenoids. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2002; 50:6295-6300. [PMID: 12381106 DOI: 10.1021/jf020512s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The Soxflo technique was evaluated for the rapid extraction of plant materials (<90 min) at room temperature. Qualitatively similar chromatograms were obtained by gas chromatography and thin layer chromatography (TLC) with Soxflo (SoF) and Soxhlet (SoL) extracts. Sequential solvent extractions by SoF gave slightly higher yields (132%) of five major sesquiterpenoids. TLC revealed that SoF extractions at room temperature were more selective as extracts contained compounds with a narrower range of R(f)() values. This means that the SoF technique offers the potential for one-step extractions and partial fractionation. This study also showed that there were large differences in the volatile composition of dried and fresh Piper fruits: dried fruits had predominantly sesquiterpenoids while fresh fruits had considerable quantities of both mono- and sesquiterpenoids. This is the first report of alpha-guaiene and alpha- and beta-selinene in Piper guineense fruits. It is suggested that the SoF technique can be useful for the screening of large numbers of plants for phytochemicals or for the preparation of plant extracts for subsequent bioassay studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N N Ntonifor
- Department of Agriculture, The University of Reading, P.O. Box 236, Reading RG6 6AT, United Kingdom
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