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Dellepiane G, Casolaro P, Mateu I, Scampoli P, Braccini S. Alternative routes for 64Cu production using an 18 MeV medical cyclotron in view of theranostic applications. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 191:110518. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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2
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Ali SKI, Khandaker MU, Al-Mugren KS, Latif SA, Bradley DA, Okhunov AA, Sulieman A. Evaluation of production cross-sections for theranostic 67Cu radionuclide via proton-induced nuclear reaction on 68Zn target. Appl Radiat Isot 2021; 173:109735. [PMID: 33915407 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Copper-67 (T1/2 = 61.83 h, Eβ-mean=141 keV, Iβ-total=100%; Eγ = 184.577 keV, Iγ = 48.7%) is a promising radionuclide for theranostic applications especially in radio immunotherapy. However, one of the main drawbacks for its application is related to its limited availability. Various nuclear reaction routes investigated in the last years can result in 67Cu production, although the use of proton beams is the method of choice taken into account in this work. The goal of this work is a revision of the cross-sections aimed at 67Cu yield, which were evaluated for the 68Zn(p,2p)67Cu reaction route up to 80 MeV proton energy. A well-defined statistical procedure, i.e., the Simultaneous Evaluation on KALMAN (SOK), combined with the least-squares concept, was used to obtain the evaluated data together with the covariance matrix. The obtained evaluated data were also compared to predictions provided by the nuclear reaction model codes TALYS and EMPIRE, and a partial agreement among them has been found. These data may be useful for both existing and potential applications in nuclear medicine, to achieve an improvement and validation of the various nuclear reaction models, and may also find applications in other fields (e.g., activation analysis and thin layer activation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer K I Ali
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - K S Al-Mugren
- Department of Physics, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11144, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sk A Latif
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - D A Bradley
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - A A Okhunov
- Department of Science in Engineering, International Islamic University Malaya, 50728, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A Sulieman
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 422, Alkharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Tsoodol Z, Aikawa M, Dagvadorj I, Khishigjargal T, Javkhlantugs N, Komori Y, Haba H. Production cross sections of 68Ga and radioactive by-products in deuteron-induced reactions on natural zinc. Appl Radiat Isot 2020; 159:109095. [PMID: 32250769 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Activation cross sections of the deuteron-induced reactions on natural zinc are studied for the production of the medical radionuclide 68Ga. The stacked foil activation method and the γ-ray spectrometry were used. Co-produced radionuclides 65,66,67Ga, 63,65,69mZn, 61Cu, and 58Co are also investigated to evaluate amounts of impurities for practical use of 68Ga. Physical yields of the radionuclides were deduced from the measured cross sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zolbadral Tsoodol
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan; Nuclear Research Center, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, 13330, Mongolia.
| | - Masayuki Aikawa
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan; Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Ichinkhorloo Dagvadorj
- Nuclear Research Center, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, 13330, Mongolia; Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Tegshjargal Khishigjargal
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, 14201, Mongolia
| | - Namsrai Javkhlantugs
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, 14201, Mongolia
| | - Yukiko Komori
- Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Wako, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Haba
- Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Wako, 351-0198, Japan
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4
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Qaim SM, Spahn I. Development of novel radionuclides for medical applications. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2017; 61:126-140. [PMID: 29110328 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Medical radionuclide production technology is well established. There is, however, a constant need for further development of radionuclides. The present efforts are mainly devoted to nonstandard positron emitters (eg, 64 Cu, 86 Y, 124 I, and 73 Se) and novel therapeutic radionuclides emitting low-range β- particles (eg, 67 Cu and 186 Re), conversion or Auger electrons (eg, 117m Sn and 77 Br), and α particles (eg, 225 Ac). A brief account of various aspects of development work (ie, nuclear data, targetry, chemical processing, and quality control) is given. For each radionuclide under consideration, the status of technology for clinical scale production is discussed. The increasing need of intermediate-energy multiple-particle accelerating cyclotrons is pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed M Qaim
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, INM-5: Nuklearchemie, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ingo Spahn
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, INM-5: Nuklearchemie, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
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5
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Dolley SG, Steyn GF, van Rooyen TJ, Szelecsényi F, Kovács Z, Vermeulen C, van der Meulen NP. Concurrent spectrometry of annihilation radiation and characteristic gamma-rays for activity assessment of selected positron emitters. Appl Radiat Isot 2017; 129:76-86. [PMID: 28822886 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A method is described to determine the activity of non-pure positron emitters in a radionuclide production environment by assessing the 511keV annihilation radiation concurrently with selected γ-lines, using a single High-Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector. Liquid sources of 22Na, 52Fe, 52mMn, 61Cu, 64Cu, 65Zn, 66Ga, 68Ga, 82Rb, 88Y, 89Zr and 132Cs were prepared specifically for this study. Acrylic absorbers surrounding the sources ensured that the emitted β+-particles could not escape and annihilate away from the source region. The absorber thickness was matched to the maximum β+ energy for each radionuclide. The effect on the 511keV detection efficiency by the non-homogeneous distribution of annihilation sites inside the source and absorber materials was investigated by means of Monte Carlo simulations. It was found that no self-absorption corrections other than those implicit to the detector calibration procedure needed to be applied. The medically important radionuclide, 64Cu, is of particular interest as its strongest characteristic γ-ray has an intensity of less than 0.5%. In spite of the weakness of its emission intensity, the 1346keV γ-line is shown to be suitable for quantifying the 64Cu production yield after chemical separation from the target matrix has been performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Dolley
- iThemba LABS, P.O. Box 722, Somerset West 7129, South Africa; University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - G F Steyn
- iThemba LABS, P.O. Box 722, Somerset West 7129, South Africa.
| | - T J van Rooyen
- South African Nuclear Energy Corporation (Necsa), P.O. Box 582, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - F Szelecsényi
- Cyclotron Application Department, ATOMKI, P.O. Box 51, H-4001 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Z Kovács
- Cyclotron Application Department, ATOMKI, P.O. Box 51, H-4001 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - C Vermeulen
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
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6
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Aslam M, Qaim S. Nuclear model analysis of excitation functions of proton and deuteron induced reactions on 64 Zn and 3 He- and α-particle induced reactions on 59 Co leading to the formation of copper-61: Comparison of major production routes. Appl Radiat Isot 2014; 94:131-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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7
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Szymański P, Frączek T, Markowicz M, Mikiciuk-Olasik E. Development of copper based drugs, radiopharmaceuticals and medical materials. Biometals 2012; 25:1089-112. [PMID: 22914969 PMCID: PMC3496555 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-012-9578-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Copper is one of the most interesting elements for various biomedical applications. Copper compounds show vast array of biological actions, including anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, biocidal and other. It also offers a selection of radioisotopes, suitable for nuclear imaging and radiotherapy. Quick progress in nanotechnology opened new possibilities for design of copper based drugs and medical materials. To date, copper has not found many uses in medicine, but number of ongoing research, as well as preclinical and clinical studies, will most likely lead to many novel applications of copper in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Szymański
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Medical University of Lodz, Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151, Lodz, Poland.
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Abada S, Lecointre A, Déchamps-Olivier I, Platas-Iglesias C, Christine C, Elhabiri M, Charbonniere L. Highly stable acyclic bifunctional chelator for 64Cu PET imaging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.2011.1823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Ligand L1, based on a pyridine scaffold, functionalized by two bis(methane phosphonate)aminomethyl groups, was shown to display a very high affinity towards Cu(II) (log K
CuL=22.7) and selectivity over Ni(II), Co(II), Zn(II) and Ga(III) (Δ log K
ML>4) as shown by the values of the stability constants obtained from potentiometric measurements. Insights into the coordination mode of the ligand around Cu(II) cation were obtained by UV-Vis absorption and EPR spectroscopies as well as density functional theory (DFT) calculations (B3LYP model) performed in aqueous solution. The results point to a pentacoordination pattern of the metal ion in the fully deprotonated [CuL1]6− species. Considering the beneficial thermodynamic parameters of this ligand, kinetic experiments were run to follow the formation of the copper(II) complexes, indicating a very rapid formation of the complex, appropriat e for 64Cu complexation. As L1 represents a particularly interesting target within the frame of 64Cu PET imaging, a synthetic protocol was developed to introduce a labeling function on the pyridyl moiety of L1, thereby affording L2, a potential bifunctional chelator (BFC) for PET imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Abada
- Laboratoire d′Ingénierie Moléculaire Appliquée à l′Analyse, IPHC, UMR 7178 CNRS/UdS, ECPM, Bât R1N0, Strasbourg Cedex 02, Frankreich
| | - A. Lecointre
- Laboratoire d′Ingénierie Moléculaire Appliquée à l′Analyse, IPHC, UMR 7178 CNRS/UdS, ECPM, Bât R1N0, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02, Frankreich
| | - I. Déchamps-Olivier
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, Groupe Chimie de Coordination, CNRS UMR 6229, Bât., 51687 REIMS CEDEX 2, Frankreich
| | - C. Platas-Iglesias
- Universidade da Coruna, Departamento de Quimica Fundamental, A Coruna, Spanien
| | - C. Christine
- Laboratoire, D'Ingénierie Moléculaire Appliquée, IPHC, UMR 7178 CNRS/UdS, Strasbourg, Frankreich
| | - M. Elhabiri
- Institut de Chjmie, Lab de Physico-Chimie Bioinorganique, UMR 7177 CNRS/UdS, Strasbourg, Frankreich
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9
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Bokhari TH, Mushtaq A, Khan IU. Production of low and high specific activity 64Cu in a reactor. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-010-0519-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P. Holland
- Radiochemistry Service, Department of Radiology, and Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Matthew J. Williamson
- Radiochemistry Service, Department of Radiology, and Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Jason S. Lewis
- Radiochemistry Service, Department of Radiology, and Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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11
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Aslam M, Sudár S, Hussain M, Malik AA, Shah HA, Qaim SM. Charged particle induced reaction cross section data for production of the emerging medically important positron emitter64Cu: A comprehensive evaluation. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2009. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.2009.1670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe radionuclide64Cu (T1/2=12.7 h) is an important non-standard positron emitter, suitable for combining PET imaging and targeted therapy. Its production in no-carrier-added form is doneviacharged particle induced reactions, and considerable amount of cross section data are available in the literature. We evaluated seven reactions, namely64Ni(p,n)64Cu,64Ni(d, 2n)64Cu,68Zn(p, αn)64Cu,66Zn(p, 2n)64Cu,64Zn(d, 2p)64Cu,66Zn(p, α)64Cu andnatZn(d,x)64Cu. Data analysis was generally limited up to about 25 MeV and the consistency check of experimental data was carried out using the nuclear model codes STAPRE, EMPIRE and TALYS. In a few cases experimental data were available up to 100 MeV; the consistency check in the high energy region was done only using the code TALYS. A statistical procedure (supported by nuclear model calculations) was then used to fit the data. The derived recommended sets of data, together with 95% confidence limits, are reported. The integral yields calculated from those data are also given. A critical comparison of the various production routes of64Cu is presented. The64Ni(p,n)64Cu reaction, utilizing a highly enriched target, is the method of choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Aslam
- Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (PINSTECH), Health Physics Division, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - S. Sudár
- University of Debrecen, Institute of Experimental Physics, Debrecen, Ungarn
| | - M. Hussain
- Government College University, Department of Physics, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - A. A. Malik
- Government College University, Department of Physics, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - H. A. Shah
- Government College University, Department of Physics, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
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12
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Study of the excitation function for the deuteron induced reaction on 64Ni(d,2n) for the production of the medical radioisotope 64Cu. Appl Radiat Isot 2009; 67:506-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2008.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2008] [Revised: 11/10/2008] [Accepted: 11/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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13
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Daraban L, Abbas K, Simonelli F, Adam-Rebeles R, Gibson N. Experimental study of excitation functions for the deuteron induced reactions 64Zn(d,2p)64Cu and 64Zn(d,αn)61Cu using the stacked-foil technique. Appl Radiat Isot 2008; 66:261-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2007.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2006] [Revised: 08/17/2007] [Accepted: 09/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Smith SV. Molecular imaging with copper-64 in the drug discovery and development arena. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2007; 2:659-72. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2.5.659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Rowshanfarzad P, Sabet M, Jalilian AR, Kamalidehghan M. An overview of copper radionuclides and production of 61Cu by proton irradiation of (nat)Zn at a medical cyclotron. Appl Radiat Isot 2005; 64:1563-73. [PMID: 16377202 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2005.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2005] [Revised: 10/09/2005] [Accepted: 11/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this article, production methods and applications of copper radionuclides are overviewed with special attention toward (61)Cu, due to its interesting nuclear properties. Selection of production parameters for (61)Cu including: appropriate nuclear reaction, proton beam energy, target thickness and targetry method are discussed for NRCAM 30MeV medical cyclotron. (64)Zn(p,alpha)(61)Cu was selected as the best reaction and (61)Cu was produced by 22MeV proton bombardment of a 80 microm thick natural zinc target. After 180microAh irradiation, the resultant activity of (61)Cu was 6.006Ci (12.015mCi/microAh). The chemical separation method was easy, quick and efficient (>95%) and yielded a no carrier added product with high chemical and radionuclidic purity (>99%). Detailed comparison with previous production methods confirms that our results are superior to other reports published to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pejman Rowshanfarzad
- Cyclotron and Nuclear Medicine Department, Nuclear Research Center for Agriculture and Medicine (NRCAM), Atomic Energy Organization of Iran, P.O. Box: 31485-498, Moazzen Blvd., Rajaeeshahr, Karaj, Iran.
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Smith SV. Molecular imaging with copper-64. J Inorg Biochem 2004; 98:1874-901. [PMID: 15522415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2004.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2003] [Revised: 05/30/2004] [Accepted: 06/03/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imaging is expected to change the face of drug discovery and development. The ability to link imaging to biology for guiding therapy should improve the rate at which novel imaging technologies, probes, contrast agents, drugs and drug delivery systems can be transferred into clinical practice. Nuclear medicine imaging, in particular, positron emission tomography (PET) allows the detection and monitoring of a variety of biological and pathophysiological processes, at tracer quantities of the radiolabelled target agents, and at doses free from pharmacological effects. In the field of drug discovery and development, the use of radiotracers for radiolabelling target agents has now become one of the essential tools in identifying, screening and development of new target agents. In this regard, (64)Cu (t(1/2)=12.7 h) has been identified as an emerging PET isotope. Its half-life is sufficiently long for radiolabelling a range of target agents and its ease of production and adaptable chemistry make it an excellent radioisotope for use in molecular imaging. This review describes recent advances, in the routes of (64)Cu production, design and application of bi-functional ligands for use in radiolabelling with (64/67)Cu(2+), and their significance and anticipated impact on the field of molecular imaging and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne V Smith
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Private Mail Bag No. 1, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia.
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