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Bakheet SA, Alrwashied BS, Ansari MA, Nadeem A, Attia SM, Alanazi MM, Aldossari AA, Assiri MA, Mahmood HM, Al-Mazroua HA, Ahmad SF. CXC chemokine receptor 3 antagonist AMG487 shows potent anti-arthritic effects on collagen-induced arthritis by modifying B cell inflammatory profile. Immunol Lett 2020; 225:74-81. [PMID: 32590119 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2020.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have suggested that chemokine receptors are important mediators of inflammatory response in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). B cells are also known to play an important role in RA pathology. C-X-C chemokine receptor type 3 (CXCR3) is considered a potential therapeutic target in different inflammatory diseases; however, the mechanism remains unclear. Here, we evaluated the potentially protective effect of AMG487, a selective CXCR3 antagonist, in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model. CIA mice were treated with AMG487 (5 mg/kg) every 48 h, from day 21 until day 41. We then investigated the effect of AMG487 on NF-κB p65-, NOS2-, MCP-1-, TNF-α-, IFN-γ, IL-4-, and IL-27-producing CD19+ B cells in the spleen through flow cytometry. We also evaluated the mRNA and protein expression levels of these molecules using RT-PCR and western blotting in the knee tissues. Our results revealed that AMG487-treated mice showed decreased NF-κB p65-, NOS2-, MCP-1-, and TNF-α-, and increased IL-4-, and IL-27-producing CD19+ B cells compared with the control mice. Additionally, AMG487 treatment significantly down regulated NF-κB p65, NOS2, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, and upregulated IL-4 and IL-27 mRNA and protein expression levels compared with the control. Thus, our study shows that AMG487 exerts its anti-arthritic effect by potently downregulating inflammatory B cell signaling. Based on our observations, we propose that AMG487 could serve as a potential novel therapeutic agent for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, including RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh A Bakheet
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader S Alrwashied
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mushtaq A Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Nadeem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabry M Attia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Aldossari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Assiri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafiz M Mahmood
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haneen A Al-Mazroua
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheikh F Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Bell RD, Slattery PN, Wu EK, Xing L, Ritchlin CT, Schwarz EM. iNOS dependent and independent phases of lymph node expansion in mice with TNF-induced inflammatory-erosive arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2019; 21:240. [PMID: 31727153 PMCID: PMC6854801 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-019-2039-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction A pivotal effect of lymphatic vessel (LV) function in joint homeostasis was identified in the tumor necrosis factor-transgenic (TNF-Tg) mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Specifically, loss of LV contractions is associated with progressive synovitis and erosions. Furthermore, draining lymph node expansion is a biomarker of arthritic progression, and both macrophages and lymphatic endothelial cells express inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which disrupts LV contraction and transport of immune cells to the draining lymph nodes. Therefore, to directly assess these relationships, we tested the hypothesis that TNF-Tg mice with global genetic ablation of iNOS (iNOS−/−) will show delayed draining lymph node expansion, maintained LV contractions, and decreased synovitis and erosions. Method iNOS−/−× TNF-Tg female and male mice, and control littermates (iNOS−/−, TNF-Tg, and WT), were examined with (1) ultrasound to determine popliteal lymph node (PLN) volume and (2) near-infrared imaging (NIR) to assess popliteal LV contraction frequency, and differences between genotypes were assessed at 3, 4, 5, and 6 months of age. Knees and PLN were harvested at 4 months in females and 6 months in males, to assess synovitis, bone erosions, and cellular accumulation in PLN sinuses via histology. Results Initially, an increase in PLN volume was observed for both female and male iNOS−/−× TNF-Tg and TNF-Tg compared to their WT and iNOS−/− counterparts at 2 and 3 months, respectively. Subsequently, TNF-Tg PLNs continue to increase in volume, while iNOS−/−× TNF-Tg did not increase in volume from the initial timepoints. WT and iNOS−/− PLN volume was unchanged throughout the experiment. LV contraction frequency was increased at 4 months in females and 5 months in males, in the iNOS−/−× TNF-Tg mice compared to the TNF-Tg. Synovitis and erosions were moderately reduced in iNOS−/−× TNF-Tg versus TNF-Tg knees in females, while no differences in knee pathology were observed in males. Conclusions Genetic iNOS ablation maintains draining lymph node volume and LV function during TNF-induced inflammatory arthritis and is associated with moderately decreased joint inflammation and damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Bell
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 665, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Pamelia N Slattery
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 665, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Emily K Wu
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 665, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Lianping Xing
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 665, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Christopher T Ritchlin
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 665, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.,Division of Allergy, Immunology, Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Edward M Schwarz
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 665, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA. .,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA. .,Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
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Spiller F, Oliveira Formiga R, Fernandes da Silva Coimbra J, Alves-Filho JC, Cunha TM, Cunha FQ. Targeting nitric oxide as a key modulator of sepsis, arthritis and pain. Nitric Oxide 2019; 89:32-40. [PMID: 31051258 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is produced by enzymatic activity of neuronal (nNOS), endothelial (eNOS), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and modulates a broad spectrum of physiological and pathophysiological conditions. The iNOS isoform is positively regulated at transcriptional level and produces high levels of NO in response to inflammatory mediators and/or to pattern recognition receptor signaling, such as Toll-like receptors. In this review, we compiled the main contributions of our group for understanding of the role of NO in sepsis and arthritis outcome and the peripheral contributions of NO to inflammatory pain development. Although neutrophil iNOS-derived NO is necessary for bacterial killing, systemic production of high levels of NO impairs neutrophil migration to infections through inhibiting neutrophil adhesion on microcirculation and their locomotion. Moreover, neutrophil-derived NO contributes to multiple organ dysfunction in sepsis. In arthritis, NO is chief for bacterial clearance in staphylococcal-induced arthritis; however, it contributes to articular damage and bone mass degradation. NO produced in inflammatory sites also downmodulates pain. The mechanism involved in analgesic effect and inhibition of neutrophil migration is dependent on the activation of the classical sGC/cGMP/PKG pathway. Despite the increasing number of studies performed after the identification of NO as an endothelium-derived relaxing factor, the underlying mechanisms of NO in inflammatory diseases remain unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Spiller
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianopolis, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Thiago Mattar Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeiro Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Queiroz Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeiro Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Mabley JG, Liaudet L, Pacher P, Southan GJ, Salzman AL, Szabó C. Part II: Beneficial Effects of the Peroxynitrite Decomposition Catalyst FP15 in Murine Models of Arthritis and Colitis. Mol Med 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03402168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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Mendes AF, Caramona MM, Carvalho AP, Lopes MC. Role of mitogen-activated protein kinases and tyrosine kinases on IL-1-Induced NF-kappaB activation and iNOS expression in bovine articular chondrocytes. Nitric Oxide 2002; 6:35-44. [PMID: 11829533 DOI: 10.1006/niox.2001.0378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), produced by the inducible isoform of the NO synthase (iNOS), plays an important role in the pathophysiology of arthritic diseases. This work aimed at elucidating the role of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), p38MAPK and p42/44MAPK, and of protein tyrosine kinases (PTK) on interleukin-1beta (IL-1)-induced iNOS expression in bovine articular chondrocytes. The specific inhibitor of the p38MAPK, SB 203580, effectively inhibited IL-1-induced iNOS mRNA and protein synthesis, as well as NO production, while the specific inhibitor of the p42/44MAPK, PD 98059, had no effect. These responses to IL-1 were also inhibited by treatment of the cells with the tyrosine kinase inhibitors, genistein and tyrphostin B42, which also prevented IL-1-induced NF-kappaB activation. The p38MAPK inhibitor, SB 203580, had no effect on IL-1-induced NF-kappaB activation. Finally, the p42/44MAPK inhibitor, PD 98059, prevented IL-1-induced AP-1 activation in a concentration that did not inhibit iNOS expression. In conclusion, this study shows that (1) PTK are part of the signaling pathway that leads to IL-1-induced NF-kappaB activation and iNOS expression; (2) the p38MAPK cascade is required for IL-1-induced iNOS expression; (3) the p42/44MAPK and AP-1 are not involved in IL-1-induced iNOS expression; and (4) NF-kappaB and the p38MAPK lie on two distinct pathways that seem to be independently required for IL-1-induced iNOS expression. Hence, inhibition of any of these two signaling cascades is sufficient to prevent iNOS expression and the subsequent production of NO in articular chondrocytes.
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Mendes AF, Carvalho AP, Caramona MM, Lopes MC. Diphenyleneiodonium inhibits NF-kappaB activation and iNOS expression induced by IL-1beta: involvement of reactive oxygen species. Mediators Inflamm 2001; 10:209-15. [PMID: 11577997 PMCID: PMC1781711 DOI: 10.1080/09629350120080401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS In this work, we studied the mechanisms by which diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI) inhibits nitric oxide (NO) synthesis induced by the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1beta (IL-1) in bovine articular chondrocytes. To achieve this, we evaluated the ability of DPI to inhibit the expression and activity of the inducible isoform of the NO synthase (iNOS) induced by IL-1. We also studied the ability of DPI to prevent IL-1-induced NF-kappaB activation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. RESULTS Northern and Western blot analysis, respectively, showed that DPI dose-dependently inhibited IL-1-induced iNOS mRNA and protein synthesis in primary cultures of bovine articular chondrocytes. DPI effectively inhibited NO production (IC50=0.03+/-0.004 microM), as evaluated by the method of Griess. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) activation, as evaluated by electrophoretic mobility shift assay, was inhibited by DPI (1-10 microM) in a dose-dependent manner. IL-1-induced ROS production, as evaluated by measurement of dichlorofluorescein fluorescence, was inhibited by DPI at concentrations that also prevented NF-kappaB activation and iNOS expression. CONCLUSIONS DPI inhibits IL-1-induced NO production in chondrocytes by two distinct mechanisms: (i) by inhibiting NOS activity, and (ii) by preventing iNOS expression through the blockade of NF-kappaB activation. These results also support the involvement of reactive oxygen species in IL-1-induced NF-kappaB activation and expression of NF-kappaB-dependent genes, such as iNOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Mendes
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Zoology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
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Sangraula H, Dewan S, Kumar VL. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of latex of Calotropis procera in different models of inflammation. Inflammopharmacology 2001. [DOI: 10.1163/156856001760209806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Darlington LG, Stone TW. Antioxidants and fatty acids in the amelioration of rheumatoid arthritis and related disorders. Br J Nutr 2001; 85:251-69. [PMID: 11299072 DOI: 10.1079/bjn2000239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The generation of reactive oxygen species (free radicals) is an important factor in the development and maintenance of rheumatoid arthritis in humans and animal models. One source of free radicals is nitric oxide produced within the synoviocytes and chondrocytes and giving rise to the highly toxic radical peroxynitrite. Several cytokines, including tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) are involved in the formation of free radicals, partly by increasing the activity of nitric oxide synthase. Indeed, nitric oxide may mediate some of the deleterious effects of cytokines on bone resorption. Aspirin, tetracyclines, steroids and methotrexate can suppress nitric oxide synthase. Dietary antioxidants include ascorbate and the tocopherols and beneficial effects of high doses have been reported especially in osteoarthritis. There is also evidence for beneficial effects of beta-carotene and selenium, the latter being a component of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase. The polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) include the n-3 compounds, some of which are precursors of eicosanoid synthesis, and the n-6 group which can increase formation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFalpha and interleukin-6, and of reactive oxygen species. Some prostaglandins, however, suppress cytokine formation, so that n-3 PUFA often oppose the inflammatory effects of some n-6-PUFA. gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) is a precursor of prostaglandin E1, a fact which may account for its reported ability to ameliorate arthritic symptoms. Fish oil supplements, rich in n-3 PUFA such as eicosapentaenoic acid have been claimed as beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis, possibly by suppression of the immune system and its cytokine repertoire. Some other oils of marine origin (e.g. from the green-lipped mussel) and a range of vegetable oils (e.g. olive oil and evening primrose oil) have indirect anti-inflammatory actions, probably mediated via prostaglandin E1. Overall, there is a growing scientific rationale for the use of dietary supplements as adjuncts in the treatment of inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Darlington
- Epsom General Hospital, Dorking Rd., Epsom, Surrey KT18 7EG, UK.
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Santos L, Hall P, Metz C, Bucala R, Morand EF. Role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in murine antigen-induced arthritis: interaction with glucocorticoids. Clin Exp Immunol 2001; 123:309-14. [PMID: 11207663 PMCID: PMC1905992 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2001.01423.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
(MIF) is a broad-spectrum proinflammatory cytokine implicated in human rheumatoid arthritis. The synthesis of MIF by synovial cells is stimulated by glucocorticoids, and previous studies suggest that MIF antagonizes the anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids. This has not been established in a model of arthritis. We wished to test the hypothesis that MIF can act to reverse the anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids in murine antigen-induced arthritis (AIA). Cutaneous DTH reactions and AIA were induced by intradermal injection and intra-articular injection, respectively, of methylated bovine serum albumin in presensitized mice. Animals were treated with anti-MIF MoAbs, recombinant MIF, and/or dexamethasone (DEX). Skin thickness of DTH reactions was measured with callipers and arthritis severity was measured by blinded quantitative histological assessment of synovial cellularity. Cutaneous DTH to the disease-initiating antigen was significantly inhibited by anti-MIF MoAb treatment (P < 0.001). AIA was also significantly inhibited by anti-MIF MoAb (P < 0.02). DEX treatment induced a dose-dependent inhibition of AIA, which was significant at 0.2 mg/kg (P < 0.05). MIF treatment reversed the effect of therapeutic DEX on AIA (P < 0.001). DEX also significantly inhibited DTH reactions (P < 0.05) but rMIF had no effect on this effect of DEX. DTH and AIA are MIF-dependent models of inflammation and arthritis. The reversal of glucocorticoid suppression of AIA by MIF supports the concept that MIF is a counter-regulator of glucocorticoid control of synovial inflammation. Although DTH was observed to be MIF-dependent and glucocorticoid-sensitive, rMIF had no reversing effect on the suppression of DTH by glucocorticoids. This suggests that inflammatory processes in specific tissues may respond differently to MIF in the presence of glucocorticoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Santos
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, Australia
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Harris MT, Feldberg RS, Lau KM, Lazarus NH, Cochrane DE. Expression of proinflammatory genes during estrogen-induced inflammation of the rat prostate. Prostate 2000; 44:19-25. [PMID: 10861753 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0045(20000615)44:1<19::aid-pros3>3.0.co;2-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure of male Wistar rats to estradiol-17beta (E(2)) in the presence or absence of dihydrotestosterone propionate (DHT) was previously shown to result in prostate inflammation. The present study examines, for the first time, changes in the expression level of several proinflammatory genes during the course of this experimentally induced prostatitis. METHODS Adult male Wistar rats were given chronic exposure to E(2) + DHT by capsule implantation or were injected with E(2) for short-term exposure. Semiquantitative RT-PCR was employed to measure changes in proinflammatory transcript levels in the separated lobes of the prostate after various times of exposure to estrogen with or without DHT. RESULTS We observed an upregulation of IL-1beta, IL-6, MIP-2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) after only 4 days treatment with E(2). After 4 weeks of treatment with E(2) + DHT, a significant increase in transcript levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, MIP-2, eotaxin, and iNOS was detected, while IL-1beta and TNF-alpha transcript levels only increased slightly. No increase in transcript levels for cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2), IFN-gamma, IL-2, or IL-12 was observed. CONCLUSIONS Upregulation of proinflammatory transcripts occurred shortly after exposure to E(2) and well before any inflammatory cells were observed in the prostate. The pattern of gene expression resembled a T(H)2-type helper-cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Harris
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
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Lawand NB, McNearney T, Westlund KN. Amino acid release into the knee joint: key role in nociception and inflammation. Pain 2000; 86:69-74. [PMID: 10779662 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3959(99)00311-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the release of several amino acids after induction of knee joint inflammation in rats using kaolin and carrageenan. During the initial 10-min collection after knee joint injection with the irritants, the concentration of glutamate and the nitric oxide metabolites, arginine and citrulline, doubled. This increase persisted for at least two hours. During the same time period aspartate concentrations remained unchanged. Direct knee joint administration of lidocaine prevented the increases in amino acid concentration measurable by microdialysis probe inserted into the joint. These data suggest the possibility that glutamate may be released by neuronal endings in the joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- N B Lawand
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Marine Biomedical Institute, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 77555-1069, USA
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12
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Zamora R, Vodovotz Y, Billiar TR. Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and Inflammatory Diseases. Mol Med 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03401781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Yokozawa T, Chen CP. Role of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix extract and its compounds in enhancing nitric oxide expression. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2000; 7:55-61. [PMID: 10782491 DOI: 10.1016/s0944-7113(00)80022-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Excessive production of nitric oxide (NO) and its peroxidant product, peroxynitrite, has been implicated in the pathology of acute and chronic renal failure, and inhibitors of NO production have been shown to exert protective and ameliorative effects against renal epithelial cell damage mediated by enhanced generation of NO. Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix has exhibited a beneficial effect in the improvement of renal failure. In order to clarify the mechanism responsible, we investigated whether Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix extract and several of its related compounds, including caffeic acid and its polymers which were isolated by our research group, can regulate the generation and release of NO. The results demonstrated that Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix extract and these compounds suppressed NO effectively in the systems employing activated macrophages and the arginine-hydrogen peroxide, and that, furthermore, the activity shown by the compounds was higher than that shown by the extract. In addition, direct scavenging of NO was also observed. The present findings suggest that Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix extract and its compounds are potent NO inhibitors, and that their inhibitory effect on the generation and release of NO may contribute to the previously reported pharmacological effect of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix in improving renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yokozawa
- Institute of Natural Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan.
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Presle N, Cipolletta C, Jouzeau JY, Abid A, Netter P, Terlain B. Cartilage protection by nitric oxide synthase inhibitors after intraarticular injection of interleukin-1beta in rats. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 1999; 42:2094-102. [PMID: 10524680 DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(199910)42:10<2094::aid-anr9>3.0.co;2-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors on proteoglycan synthesis following intraarticular administration of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) in rats. METHODS Recombinant human IL-1beta and NOS inhibitors with different selectivity for inducible NOS (N-monomethyl-L-arginine [L-NMA], N-iminoethyl-L-ornithine [L-NIO], and S-methylisothiourea [SMT]) were simultaneously administered in rats by a single intraarticular injection in each knee. L-NMA was also infused for 72 hours using an Alzet mini osmotic pump implanted into the peritoneal cavity 24 hours before IL-1beta challenge. NO production was determined as nitrate and nitrite, either in synovial fluid or ex vivo in supernatants of synovium and patellae. Proteoglycan synthesis was measured by ex vivo incorporation of 35SO4(2-) into patellar cartilage. RESULTS IL-1beta induced a time-dependent increase in NO production in synovial fluid. Synovium and patellae released large amounts of nitrate and nitrite under ex vivo conditions, indicating that both tissues are effective sources of NO within the joint. This production of NO was accompanied by a delayed inhibition of proteoglycan synthesis. The intraarticular administration of L-NMA and L-NIO reduced NO release in synovial fluid and resulted in a partial recovery of proteoglycan synthesis. Under our experimental conditions, SMT failed to reduce NO synthesis and to restore proteoglycan synthesis. The protection of cartilage was improved by the systemic and sustained delivery of L-NMA. However, the complete inhibition of NO production in synovial fluid was not sufficient to fully restore cartilage anabolism. CONCLUSION Our findings show that in rats: 1) NO may be an early mediator of the effect of IL-1beta on cartilage, 2) NO inhibition may have therapeutic relevance, although it is not sufficient to fully reverse the deleterious effects of IL-1beta, 3) among NOS inhibitors tested, only amino acid derivatives are effective, 4) protection can be achieved by local administration of NOS inhibitors, and 5) systemic and sustained delivery of the NOS inhibitor with the highest efficacy after intraarticular injection provides the most benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Presle
- CNRS, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
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Leech M, Metz C, Hall P, Hutchinson P, Gianis K, Smith M, Weedon H, Holdsworth SR, Bucala R, Morand EF. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor in rheumatoid arthritis: evidence of proinflammatory function and regulation by glucocorticoids. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 1999; 42:1601-8. [PMID: 10446857 DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(199908)42:8<1601::aid-anr6>3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a proinflammatory cytokine whose involvement in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) synthesis and T cell activation suggests a role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Antagonism of MIF is associated with marked inhibition of animal models of RA. Uniquely, MIF is inducible by low concentrations of glucocorticoids. We sought to investigate the expression of MIF in RA synovial tissue. METHODS MIF was demonstrated in human RA synovium by immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Regulation of MIF expression was investigated by treatment of cultured fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) with interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), TNFalpha, or interferon-gamma (IFNgamma), and dexamethasone (DEX). Mononuclear cell TNFalpha release after exposure to FLS-conditioned medium was measured by ELISA. RESULTS MIF was present in RA synovial lining CD14+ macrophages and FLS. Constitutive MIF messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was demonstrated by RT-PCR of RNA from unstimulated cultured RA FLS, which also released abundant MIF. Serum, synovial fluid, and FLS intracellular MIF were significantly higher in RA patients than in controls. Synoviocyte MIF was not increased by IL-1beta, TNFalpha, or IFNgamma. In contrast, DEX 10(-7)M significantly reduced synoviocyte MIF, while DEX 10(-10)-10(-12)M induced a significant increase in MIF and MIF mRNA. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell TNFalpha release was induced by culture in RA FLS-conditioned medium, and this induction was significantly abrogated by monoclonal anti-MIF antibody, suggesting that MIF is an upstream regulator of TNFalpha release. CONCLUSION These data represent the first demonstration of the cytokine MIF in human autoimmune disease and suggest MIF as a potential therapeutic target in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Leech
- Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, Australia
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16
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McCartney-Francis NL, Song XY, Mizel DE, Wahl CL, Wahl SM. Hemoglobin protects from streptococcal cell wall-induced arthritis. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 1999; 42:1119-27. [PMID: 10366104 DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(199906)42:6<1119::aid-anr8>3.0.co;2-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the ability of hemoglobin (Hgb), a nitric oxide (NO) scavenger, to deplete excess NO and reduce inflammation and injury in synovial tissue from joints with inflammatory arthritis. METHODS The severity of streptococcal cell wall-induced arthritis was monitored following administration of Hgb. Plasma nitrite and nitrate levels were measured, and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cytokine messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and joint tissue were evaluated. RESULTS Following systemic administration of Hgb to arthritic rats, plasma levels of nitrite and nitrate as well as iNOS mRNA expression in the joints and PBMC were significantly reduced. Moreover, inflammatory cell accumulation and disease pathology in the joint tissue were dramatically attenuated without obvious side effects. Consistent with this reduction in the inflammatory response, cytokine gene expression was decreased in the synovium of Hgb-treated rats. CONCLUSION Modulation of NO levels through the use of a NO scavenger, Hgb, influences the development and severity of arthritis. These findings suggest that depletion of excess NO by NO scavengers provides a prototype for further exploration of potential treatments for chronic arthritis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arthritis, Infectious/blood
- Arthritis, Infectious/pathology
- Arthritis, Infectious/prevention & control
- Cartilage, Articular/drug effects
- Cartilage, Articular/metabolism
- Cartilage, Articular/pathology
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Cytokines/genetics
- Female
- Germ-Free Life
- Hemoglobins/pharmacology
- Immunohistochemistry
- Joints/drug effects
- Joints/metabolism
- Joints/pathology
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/drug effects
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/metabolism
- Monocytes/drug effects
- Monocytes/metabolism
- NF-kappa B/genetics
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Nitrates/blood
- Nitric Oxide Synthase/biosynthesis
- Nitric Oxide Synthase/genetics
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
- Nitrites/blood
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred Lew
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Streptococcal Infections/blood
- Streptococcal Infections/pathology
- Streptococcal Infections/prevention & control
- Synovial Membrane/drug effects
- Synovial Membrane/metabolism
- Synovial Membrane/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- N L McCartney-Francis
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4352, USA
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17
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Yamashita M, Ichinowatari G, Yamaki K, Ohuchi K. Inhibition by auranofin of the production of prostaglandin E2 and nitric oxide in rat peritoneal macrophages. Eur J Pharmacol 1999; 368:251-8. [PMID: 10193662 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(99)00053-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In rat peritoneal macrophages, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) (16.2 nM) stimulated production of both prostaglandin E2 and nitric oxide. TPA also increased the levels of mRNA for cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase, suggesting that the increase in the production of prostaglandin E2 and nitric oxide is due to the increase in the levels of mRNA for cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase, respectively. The TPA-induced increase in prostaglandin E2 production was partially inhibited by the inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase L-N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine acetate (L-NMMA), and the TPA-induced increase in nitric oxide production was partially inhibited by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin, suggesting that both the production of prostaglandin E2 and nitric oxide in TPA-stimulated macrophages is influenced by each other. The orally active chrysotherapeutic agent auranofin, at 3 and 10 microM, inhibited the TPA-stimulated production of prostaglandin E2 and nitric oxide, and suppressed the TPA-induced increase in the levels of mRNA for cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase. These findings indicate that the inhibition by auranofin of the TPA-stimulated production of prostaglandin E2 and nitric oxide is due to the decrease in the levels of mRNA for cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase, respectively, and the interaction of the production between prostaglandin E2 and nitric oxide may partly be involved in the mechanism for the inhibition by auranofin of the production of both prostaglandin E2 and nitric oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yamashita
- Department of Pathophysiological Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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18
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Leech M, Metz C, Santos L, Peng T, Holdsworth SR, Bucala R, Morand EF. Involvement of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in the evolution of rat adjuvant arthritis. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 1998; 41:910-7. [PMID: 9588744 DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(199805)41:5<910::aid-art19>3.0.co;2-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent studies have established an essential role for macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in T cell and macrophage activation, both of which are characteristics of rat adjuvant arthritis. This study investigated the role of MIF in early adjuvant arthritis. METHODS MIF was detected in rat synovium by immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using specific monoclonal antibodies (MAb). Anti-MIF MAb treatment was administered, and the effects on clinical aspects of adjuvant arthritis were assessed. RESULTS MIF was absent from normal rat synovium prior to adjuvant injection, but was detectable on day 4 after injection (6 days before the onset of clinical disease) and was colocalized with ED-1+ macrophages throughout the evolution of the disease. Levels of MIF were increased in established adjuvant arthritis sera, and adjuvant arthritis synovial macrophages released MIF at a mean +/- SEM concentration of 607.9 +/- 201.5 pg/ml. Anti-MIF treatment led to profound, dose-dependent inhibition of the adjuvant arthritis clinical score, paw swelling, and synovial lavage leukocyte numbers (P < 0.001), and also resulted in reduced synovial macrophage and T cell accumulation. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate an important role for MIF in the evolution of rat adjuvant arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Leech
- Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
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Yang YH, Hutchinson P, Santos LL, Morand EF. Glucocorticoid inhibition of adjuvant arthritis synovial macrophage nitric oxide production: role of lipocortin 1. Clin Exp Immunol 1998; 111:117-22. [PMID: 9472670 PMCID: PMC1904858 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.1998.00438.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a mediator of inflammatory injury which is inhibited by glucocorticoids and is implicated in rheumatoid (RA) and adjuvant arthritis (AA). The glucocorticoid-induced anti-inflammatory molecule lipocortin 1 is expressed in RA synovium, but the effects of lipocortin 1 on synovial inflammation have been little studied. We investigated the effects of glucocorticoids and lipocortin 1 on inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and glucocorticoids on the induction of lipocortin 1 in AA synovial macrophages. NO production was measured by Griess assay in supernatants of day 14 AA rat synovial explants and of synovial macrophages purified from enzyme-digested synovium and treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 1 microg/ml, dexamethasone (DEX) 10(-7) M, and anti-lipocortin 1 MoAb. iNOS and lipocortin 1 expression were detected by flow cytometry using specific MoAb. Cell surface lipocortin was determined by Western blot. NO was produced by all AA synovial explants and NO was released by cultured synovial macrophages (14.5 +/- 2.1 micromol/24 h). iNOS was detected in synovial macrophages (ED-1+) by permeabilization flow cytometry. LPS increased synovial macrophage NO release (P < 0.0001) and iNOS expression (P = 0.04). DEX inhibited constitutive (P = 0.002) and LPS-induced (P < 0.001) NO release and iNOS expression (P = 0.03). DEX inhibition of synovial macrophage NO was associated with induction of cell surface and intracellular lipocortin 1. Anti-lipocortin 1 MoAb treatment reduced the inhibition of NO release by DEX (P = 0.002), but had no effect on iNOS expression. These findings demonstrate a role for lipocortin I in the inhibition by glucocorticoids of AA synovial macrophage iNOS activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Yang
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
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