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Yang GZ, Xue FS, Liu YY, Li HX, Liu Q, Liao X. Feasibility Analysis of Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation-Nutrition Resumption on H9c2 Cells In vitro Models of Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 131:2277-2286. [PMID: 30246713 PMCID: PMC6166467 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.241809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oxygen-glucose deprivation-nutrition resumption (OGD-NR) models on H9c2 cells are commonly used in vitro models of simulated myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI), but no study has assessed whether these methods for establishing in vitro models can effectively imitate the characteristics of MIRI in vivo. This experiment was designed to analyze the feasibility of six OGD-NR models of MIRI. Methods: By searching the PubMed database using the keywords “myocardial reperfusion injury H9c2 cells,” we obtained six commonly used OGD-NR in vitro models of MIRI performed on H9c2 cells from more than 400 published papers before January 30, 2017. For each model, control (C), simulated ischemia (SI), and simulated ischemia-reperfusion (SIR) groups were assigned, and cell morphology, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and inflammatory cytokines were examined to evaluate the characteristics of cell injury. Subsequently, a coculture system of cardiomyocyte-endothelial-macrophage was constructed. The coculture system was dealt with SI and SIR treatments to test the effect on cardiomyocytes survival. Results: For models 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, SI treatment caused morphological damage to cells, and subsequent SIR treatment did not cause further morphological damage. In the models 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, LDH release was significantly higher in the SI groups than that in the C group (P < 0.05), and was significantly lower in the SIR groups than that in the SI groups (P < 0.05), except for no significant differences in the LDH release between C, SI and SIR groups in model 6 receiving a 3-h SI treatment. In models 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, compared with the C group, ATP levels of the SI groups significantly decreased (P < 0.05), ROS levels increased (P < 0.05), and MMP levels decreased (P < 0.05). Compared with the SI group, ATP level of the SIR groups was significantly increased (P < 0.05), and there was no significant ROS production, MMP collapse, and over inflammatory response in the SIR groups. In a coculture system of H9c2 cells-endothelial cells-macrophages, the proportion of viable H9c2 cells in the SIR groups was not reduced compared with the SI groups. Conclusion: All the six OGD-NR models on H9c2 cells in this experiment can not imitate the characteristics of MIRI in vivo and are not suitable for MIRI-related study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Zhen Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Fu-Shan Xue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Ya-Yang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Hui-Xian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Xu Liao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, China
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Bøtker HE, Hausenloy D, Andreadou I, Antonucci S, Boengler K, Davidson SM, Deshwal S, Devaux Y, Di Lisa F, Di Sante M, Efentakis P, Femminò S, García-Dorado D, Giricz Z, Ibanez B, Iliodromitis E, Kaludercic N, Kleinbongard P, Neuhäuser M, Ovize M, Pagliaro P, Rahbek-Schmidt M, Ruiz-Meana M, Schlüter KD, Schulz R, Skyschally A, Wilder C, Yellon DM, Ferdinandy P, Heusch G. Practical guidelines for rigor and reproducibility in preclinical and clinical studies on cardioprotection. Basic Res Cardiol 2018; 113:39. [PMID: 30120595 PMCID: PMC6105267 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-018-0696-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Erik Bøtker
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle-Juul Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Derek Hausenloy
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
- The National Institute of Health Research, University College London Hospitals Biomedial Research Centre, Research and Development, London, UK
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Yon Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Ioanna Andreadou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Salvatore Antonucci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, CNR Institute of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35121, Padua, Italy
| | - Kerstin Boengler
- Institute for Physiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Soni Deshwal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, CNR Institute of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35121, Padua, Italy
| | - Yvan Devaux
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Fabio Di Lisa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, CNR Institute of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35121, Padua, Italy
| | - Moises Di Sante
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, CNR Institute of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35121, Padua, Italy
| | - Panagiotis Efentakis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Saveria Femminò
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - David García-Dorado
- Experimental Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Pg. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zoltán Giricz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Borja Ibanez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Efstathios Iliodromitis
- Second Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nina Kaludercic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, CNR Institute of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35121, Padua, Italy
| | - Petra Kleinbongard
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
| | - Markus Neuhäuser
- Department of Mathematics and Technology, Koblenz University of Applied Science, Remagen, Germany
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry, and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michel Ovize
- Explorations Fonctionnelles Cardiovasculaires, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Lyon, France
- UMR, 1060 (CarMeN), Université Claude Bernard, Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Pasquale Pagliaro
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Michael Rahbek-Schmidt
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle-Juul Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Marisol Ruiz-Meana
- Experimental Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Pg. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute for Physiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Skyschally
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
| | - Catherine Wilder
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Derek M Yellon
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Peter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany.
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Serum Exosomes Attenuate H 2O 2-Induced Apoptosis in Rat H9C2 Cardiomyocytes via ERK1/2. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2018; 12:37-44. [PMID: 29404859 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-018-9791-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are small-sized vesicles that can be released from cells into the serum. Exosomes play important roles in regulating many biological processes including cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, and metabolism. However, the roles and mechanisms of plasma exosomes in the apoptosis of rat H9C2 cardiomyocytes are largely unknown. In this study, we isolated plasma exosomes as confirmed by the marker protein CD63. Using flow cytometry and western blot analysis, we found that exosomes attenuated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced apoptosis and improved survival of rat H9C2 cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, the anti-apoptosis effects of serum exosomes in rat H9C2 cardiomyocytes were mediated by the activation of ERK1/2 signaling pathway. These data indicated that plasma exosomes had the protective effects against cardiomyocyte apoptosis and might be a novel therapy strategy for myocardial injury.
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Kuznetsov AV, Javadov S, Sickinger S, Frotschnig S, Grimm M. H9c2 and HL-1 cells demonstrate distinct features of energy metabolism, mitochondrial function and sensitivity to hypoxia-reoxygenation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2015; 1853:276-84. [PMID: 25450968 PMCID: PMC4388199 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction of cardiac energy metabolism plays a critical role in many cardiac diseases, including heart failure, myocardial infarction and ischemia-reperfusion injury and organ transplantation. The characteristics of these diseases can be elucidated in vivo, though animal-free in vitro experiments, with primary adult or neonatal cardiomyocytes, the rat ventricular H9c2 cell line or the mouse atrial HL-1 cells, providing intriguing experimental alternatives. Currently, it is not clear how H9c2 and HL-1 cells mimic the responses of primary cardiomyocytes to hypoxia and oxidative stress. In the present study, we show that H9c2 cells are more similar to primary cardiomyocytes than HL-1 cells with regard to energy metabolism patterns, such as cellular ATP levels, bioenergetics, metabolism, function and morphology of mitochondria. In contrast to HL-1, H9c2 cells possess beta-tubulin II, a mitochondrial isoform of tubulin that plays an important role in mitochondrial function and regulation. We demonstrate that H9c2 cells are significantly more sensitive to hypoxia-reoxygenation injury in terms of loss of cell viability and mitochondrial respiration, whereas HL-1 cells were more resistant to hypoxia as evidenced by their relative stability. In comparison to HL-1 cells, H9c2 cells exhibit a higher phosphorylation (activation) state of AMP-activated protein kinase, but lower peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha levels, suggesting that each cell type is characterized by distinct regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis. Our results provide evidence that H9c2 cardiomyoblasts are more energetically similar to primary cardiomyocytes than are atrial HL-1 cells. H9c2 cells can be successfully used as an in vitro model to simulate cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V Kuznetsov
- Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria.
| | - Sabzali Javadov
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00936-5067, USA
| | - Stephan Sickinger
- Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Sandra Frotschnig
- Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Michael Grimm
- Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
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Muscari C, Bonafè F, Gamberini C, Giordano E, Lenaz G, Caldarera CM. Ischemic preconditioning preserves proton leakage from mitochondrial membranes but not oxidative phosphorylation during heart reperfusion. Cell Biochem Funct 2007; 24:511-8. [PMID: 16245370 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of mitochondria in the recovery of cardiac energetics induced by ischaemic preconditioning at reperfusion. Isolated rat hearts were aerobically perfused (control), subjected to global ischaemia and reperfusion (reperfusion), or subjected to 3 brief cycles of ischaemia/reperfusion and then to the protocol of reperfusion (preconditioning). At the end of the perfusion, antimycin A was delivered to the heart for 25 min, to inhibit mitochondrial respiration and stimulate glycolysis. The increased amount of lactate released in the coronary effluent was correlated with the number of viable cells producing this end-product of glycolysis. Preconditioned hearts released 18% more lactate than reperfused hearts (p < 0.05). This result indicates that preconditioning partially preserved cell viability, as was also evidenced by the MTT assay performed on cardiac biopsies. The difference between antimycin A-stimulated and basal lactate concentration, representing the contribution of mitochondria to the overall energetics of cardiac tissue, was also 18% more elevated in the preconditioned hearts than in the reperfused hearts (p < 0.01). The study of the respiratory function of mitochondria isolated at the end of perfusion, showed that preconditioning did not improve the oxygen-dependent production of ATP (state 3 respiration, ADP/O). On the contrary, state 4 respiration, which is related to proton leakage, was 35.0% lower in the preconditioned group than reperfusion group (p < 0.05). Thus, preconditioning ameliorates cardiac energetics by preserving cell death, but without affecting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondria can contribute to cell survival by the attenuation of proton leak from inner membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Muscari
- Department of Biochemistry G. Moruzzi, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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Duewelhenke N, Krut O, Eysel P. Influence on mitochondria and cytotoxicity of different antibiotics administered in high concentrations on primary human osteoblasts and cell lines. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 51:54-63. [PMID: 17088489 PMCID: PMC1797653 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00729-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteomyelitis, osteitis, spondylodiscitis, septic arthritis, and prosthetic joint infections still represent the worst complications of orthopedic surgery and traumatology. Successful treatment requires, besides surgical débridement, long-term systemic and high-concentration local antibiotic therapy, with possible local antibiotic concentrations of 100 microg/ml and more. In this study, we investigated the effect of 20 different antibiotics on primary human osteoblasts (PHO), the osteosarcoma cell line MG63, and the epithelial cell line HeLa. High concentrations of fluoroquinolones, macrolides, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, rifampin, tetracycline, and linezolid during 48 h of incubation inhibited proliferation and metabolic activity, whereas aminoglycosides and inhibitors of bacterial cell wall synthesis did not. Twenty percent inhibitory concentrations for proliferation of PHO were determined as 20 to 40 microg/ml for macrolides, clindamycin, and rifampin, 60 to 80 microg/ml for chloramphenicol, tetracylin, and fluoroquinolones, and 240 microg/ml for linezolid. The proliferation of the cell lines was always less inhibited. We established the measurement of extracellular lactate concentration as an indicator of glycolysis using inhibitors of the respiratory chain (antimycin A, rotenone, and sodium azide) and glycolysis (iodoacetic acid) as reference compounds, whereas inhibition of the respiratory chain increased and inhibition of glycolysis decreased lactate production. The measurement of extracellular lactate concentration revealed that fluoroquinolones, macrolides, clindamycin, rifampin, tetracycline, and especially chloramphenicol and linezolid impaired mitochondrial energetics in high concentrations. This explains partly the observed inhibition of metabolic activity and proliferation in our experiments. Because of differences in the energy metabolism, PHO provided a more sensitive model for orthopedic antibiotic usage than stable cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Duewelhenke
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Orthopädie, Universitätsklinikum Köln, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 24, 50931 Köln, Germany.
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