1
|
Stager CG, Whitfield S, Osborne T, Adedoyin C, Okoro G, Carley E, Schoenberger YM, Crawford DA, Thompson M, Stafford S, Bateman LB. Community perceptions of contributors and solutions related to neighborhood violent crime: A qualitative interview study. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 52:311-325. [PMID: 38263721 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.23103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The current study is part of a community engaged planning phase and aimed to identify perceptions related to the prevalence of violent crime, crime contributors, the relationship between the community and law enforcement, and potential interventions and solutions. In March 2021, semistructured interviews were conducted with individuals from five groups who resided or worked in Bessemer, Alabama: (1) Law Enforcement, (2) Residents, (3) Civic Leaders, (4) Community Leaders, and (5) Victims of Crime. Interviews lasted approximately 60 min and were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed according to the guidelines of thematic analysis using NVivo 12. Emerging themes were examined in accordance with the CDC Social-Ecological Model: A Framework for Prevention. Participants (N = 18) were 50.0% female and 77.8% African American with an age range of 25-59 (mean = 43.4 years). Themes that emerged related to crime were: (1) impact, (2) contributors, and (3) solutions. Results indicate that impacts of violent crime at the individual level focused on fear, which led to widespread mental health issues. Relationship level impacts included a lack of trust of law enforcement and neighbors, and community level impacts were decreased neighborhood social cohesion as well as decreased safety. At the societal level, the poor reputation of the city was consistently highlighted. For contributors of crime, being a youth under age 30, drugs, and money were discussed as factors at the individual level. At the relationship level, participants mentioned poor parenting and gangs as crime contributing factors to violent crime. Furthermore, contributing issues related to underresourced schools as well as a poor relationship with law enforcement were brought up at the community level. Similarly, poverty was the overarching contributing issue at the societal level. Solutions that emerged included: education and training in life skills, focusing on young people, family/parenting, conflict resolution programs, programs within schools, improved relationships with law enforcement, and inclusive economic opportunities. Intervention plans are discussed that can merge these stakeholder findings with other data sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catanya G Stager
- Heersink School of Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Samantha Whitfield
- Heersink School of Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Tiffany Osborne
- Heersink School of Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | | | - Grace Okoro
- Heersink School of Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Erin Carley
- Heersink School of Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Yu-Mei Schoenberger
- Heersink School of Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Dwayne A Crawford
- National Organization of Black Law Enforcement Executives, Birmingham, Alabama, US
| | - Melissa Thompson
- National Organization of Black Law Enforcement Executives, Birmingham, Alabama, US
| | - Sharela Stafford
- Heersink School of Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Lori B Bateman
- Heersink School of Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zou P, Siu A, Wang X, Shao J, Hallowell SG, Yang LL, Zhang H. Influencing Factors of Depression among Adolescent Asians in North America: A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9050537. [PMID: 34064345 PMCID: PMC8147770 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9050537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Asian American adolescents experience rates of depression comparable to or greater than those of other ethnic minorities. The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize psychosocial factors related to depressive symptoms of Asian American adolescents between the ages of 10 to 19. Methods: Various electronic databases were systematically searched to identify research articles published from 2000 to 2021, and the psychosocial factors influencing depression among Asian adolescents in North America were examined. Results: A total of 81 studies were included in this systematic review. Consistent findings on relationships between depressive symptoms and influencing factors included (a) acculturative stress, (b) religious or spiritual significance for females, (c) parent–child cohesion, (d) harsh parenting style, (e) responsive parenting style, (f) racial or ethnic discrimination, (g) being bullied, (h) positive mentor presence, and (i) exposure to community violence. Collectively, the majority of included studies suggest that depressive symptoms were more likely found among Asian American adolescents who (a) are older, (b) are female, (c) have immigrant status, (d) exhibit coping behaviours, (e) face academic challenges, (f) face a poor socioeconomic situation, (g) perceive parent–child conflict, (h) perceive maternal disconnectedness, and (i) perceive negative peer relations. A number of conflictive findings also existed. Discussion/Conclusions: This systematic review provides a summary of the various psychosocial factors on individual, familial, and social levels, which influenced the depressive symptoms of Asian American adolescents. Such findings offer a starting point to examine what factors should be necessarily included in related depression-preventive intervention design and evaluation. Culturally sensitive care, strengthened family–school–community collaboration, and targeted research efforts are needed to meet the needs of Asian adolescents experiencing a range of depressive symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zou
- School of Nursing, Nipissing University, Toronto, ON M5T 1V4, Canada
- Correspondence:
| | - Annisa Siu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada;
| | - Xiyi Wang
- School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China;
| | - Jing Shao
- Faculty of Nursing, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | | | - Lihua Lydia Yang
- Wellness Counselling Centre for Youth Canada, Markham, ON L3R 6G2, Canada;
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang 550002, China;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Christie M, Froh EB. Parental Perceptions of Adolescent Connectedness and the Role of the Primary Care Provider. J Pediatr Health Care 2021; 35:23-31. [PMID: 32948373 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adolescent connectedness to adults, schools, and peers is a protective factor for development. This study aimed to describe parental perceptions of opportunities for youth connectedness and the potential role of the primary care provider in supporting these opportunities. METHOD Eleven parents or caregivers of youth aged 11-18 years participated in semistructured interviews for a prospective qualitative descriptive study. Interview transcripts were analyzed using constant comparison and deductive and inductive coding. RESULTS Findings suggest that parents and caregivers view adolescent participation in activities as positive, and nonparental adults play a large role in influencing adolescent involvement in activities. Parents and caregivers did not recall discussing connectedness with their adolescent's primary care provider but would find this helpful. DISCUSSION Conversations about connectedness are missing from the well adolescent visit, and more research is needed to explore the most effective ways to have these discussions with adolescents and their parents or caregivers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Christie
- Melissa Christie, Pediatric Nurse Practitioner, Primary Care, Drexel Hill, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Elizabeth B. Froh, Nurse Scientist, Center for Pediatric Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; and Adjunct Assistant Professor, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
| | - Elizabeth B Froh
- Melissa Christie, Pediatric Nurse Practitioner, Primary Care, Drexel Hill, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Elizabeth B. Froh, Nurse Scientist, Center for Pediatric Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; and Adjunct Assistant Professor, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| |
Collapse
|