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Brasseale E, Feddersen F, Wu X, Zimmer-Faust AG, Giddings SN. Performance of a One-Dimensional Model of Wave-Driven Nearshore Alongshore Tracer Transport and Decay with Applications for Dry Weather Coastal Pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:14674-14683. [PMID: 37738549 PMCID: PMC10552543 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Dry weather pollution sources cause coastal water quality problems that are not accounted for in existing beach advisory metrics. A 1D wave-driven advection and loss model was developed for a 30 km nearshore domain spanning the United States/Mexico border region. Bathymetric nonuniformities, such as the inlet and shoal near the Tijuana River estuary mouth, were neglected. Nearshore alongshore velocities were estimated by using wave properties at an offshore location. The 1D model was evaluated using the hourly output of a 3D regional hydrodynamic model. The 1D model had high skill in reproducing the spatially averaged alongshore velocities from the 3D model. The 1D and 3D models agreed on tracer exceedance or nonexceedance above a human illness probability threshold for 87% of model time steps. 1D model tracer was well-correlated with targeted water samples tested for DNA-based human fecal indicators. This demonstrates that a simple, computationally fast, 1D nearshore wave-driven advection model can reproduce nearshore tracer evolution from a 3D model over a range of wave conditions ignoring bathymetric nonuniformities at this site and may be applicable to other locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Brasseale
- Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Falk Feddersen
- Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- School
of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Rd., Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Amity G. Zimmer-Faust
- The
Nature Conservancy, 830 S Street, Sacramento, California 96811, United States
- Southern
California Coastal Water Research Project, 3535 Harbor Blvd Suite 110, Costa Mesa, California 92626, United States
| | - Sarah N. Giddings
- Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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On the Dependency of Bottom Drag and the Eddy Viscosity upon Flow Structure in the Coastal Boundary Layer. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse10030324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The physical processes governing coastal exchange between the surf zone, the inner shelf, and the open ocean is critical for estimating mass exchange and its impact on ecological processes. The present study combined field measurements and theoretical approaches to explore the hydrodynamics in the coastal boundary layer (CBL) in which both bottom drag and shore friction affect the transport and mixing processes. Observed drifter-cluster trajectories in a nearly alongshore-uniform coastal area showed that the occurrence of current reversal varies with cross-shore distance, which confirmed the tidal phase difference between different cross-shore distances predicted by the proposed CBL model. According to the CBL model, tidal phase difference is affected by the bottom drag coefficient and horizontal eddy viscosity coefficient. With the results of three experiments under different wave conditions, this study also discusses the effects of waves on the CBL. Data analysis based on observations indicates that the bottom drag term is closely related to the bottom shear stress induced by the interactions of waves and currents. The bottom drag coefficient under the more energetic wave condition was much greater than that under milder wave conditions during the experiment. The study also suggests that in addition to pressure gradient and bottom drag, flow structure is subject to lateral stress, which reflects the impact of shoreline roughness in the nearshore region and that the estimated eddy viscosity coefficient decreases linearly with distance from the shoreline.
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Morgan SG, Shanks AL, MacMahan JH, Reniers AJHM, Feddersen F. Planktonic Subsidies to Surf-Zone and Intertidal Communities. ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE 2018; 10:345-369. [PMID: 28846492 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-010816-060514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Plankton are transported onshore, providing subsidies of food and new recruits to surf-zone and intertidal communities. The transport of plankton to the surf zone is influenced by wind, wave, and tidal forcing, and whether they enter the surf zone depends on alongshore variation in surf-zone hydrodynamics caused by the interaction of breaking waves with coastal morphology. Areas with gently sloping shores and wide surf zones typically have orders-of-magnitude-higher concentrations of plankton in the surf zone and dense larval settlement in intertidal communities because of the presence of bathymetric rip currents, which are absent in areas with steep shores and narrow surf zones. These striking differences in subsidies have profound consequences; areas with greater subsidies support more productive surf-zone communities and possibly more productive rocky intertidal communities. Recognition of the importance of spatial subsidies for rocky community dynamics has recently advanced ecological theory, and incorporating surf-zone hydrodynamics would be an especially fruitful line of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven G Morgan
- Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Bodega Bay, California 94923-0247;
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, California 93510
| | - Alan L Shanks
- Oregon Institute of Marine Biology, University of Oregon, Charleston, Oregon 97420
| | - Jamie H MacMahan
- Department of Oceanography, Graduate School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California 93943
| | - Ad J H M Reniers
- Department of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, 2628CN Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Falk Feddersen
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0209
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Abstract
Cross-shelf exchange dominates the pathways and rates by which nutrients, biota, and materials on the continental shelf are delivered and removed. This follows because cross-shelf gradients of most properties are usually far greater than those in the alongshore direction. The resulting transports are limited by Earth's rotation, which inhibits flow from crossing isobaths. Thus, cross-shelf flows are generally weak compared with alongshore flows, and this leads to interesting observational issues. Cross-shelf flows are enabled by turbulent mixing processes, nonlinear processes (such as momentum advection), and time dependence. Thus, there is a wide range of possible effects that can allow these critical transports, and different natural settings are often governed by different combinations of processes. This review discusses examples of representative transport mechanisms and explores possible observational and theoretical paths to future progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Brink
- Department of Physical Oceanography, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543;
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Wong SHC, Monismith SG, Boehm AB. Simple estimate of entrainment rate of pollutants from a coastal discharge into the surf zone. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:11554-11561. [PMID: 24006887 DOI: 10.1021/es402492f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Microbial pollutants from coastal discharges can increase illness risks for swimmers and cause beach advisories. There is presently no predictive model for estimating the entrainment of pollution from coastal discharges into the surf zone. We present a novel, quantitative framework for estimating surf zone entrainment of pollution at a wave-dominant open beach. Using physical arguments, we identify a dimensionless parameter equal to the quotient of the surf zone width l(sz) and the cross-flow length scale of the discharge la = M(j) (1/2)/U(sz), where M(j) is the discharge's momentum flux and U(sz) is a representative alongshore velocity in the surf zone. We conducted numerical modeling of a nonbuoyant discharge at an alongshore uniform beach with constant slope using a wave-resolving hydrodynamic model. Using results from 144 numerical experiments we develop an empirical relationship between the surf zone entrainment rate α and l(sz)/(la). The empirical relationship can reasonably explain seven measurements of surf zone entrainment at three diverse coastal discharges. This predictive relationship can be a useful tool in coastal water quality management and can be used to develop predictive beach water quality models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon H C Wong
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Environmental and Water Studies, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
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Grifoll M, Aretxabaleta AL, Espino M, Warner JC. Along-shelf current variability on the Catalan inner-shelf (NW Mediterranean). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2012jc008182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Dzwonkowski B, Park K. Subtidal circulation on the Alabama shelf during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jc007664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Abstract
The inner continental shelf, which spans water depths ofa few meters to tens of meters, is a dynamically defined region that lies between the surf zone (where waves break) and the middle continental shelf (where the along-shelf circulation is usually in geostrophic balance). Many types of forcing that are often neglected over the deeper shelf-such as tides, buoyant plumes, surface gravitywaves, and cross-shelfwind stress-drive substantial circulations over the inner shelf. Cross-shelf circulation over the inner shelf has ecological and geophysical consequences: It connects the shore to the open ocean by transporting pollutants, larvae, phytoplankton, nutrients, and sediment. This review of circulation and momentum balances over the inner continental shelf contrasts prior studies, which focused mainly on the roles of along-shelfwind and pressure gradients, with recent understanding of the dominant roles of cross-shelf wind and surface gravity waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Lentz
- Department of Physical Oceanography, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA.
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Fewings MR, Lentz SJ. Momentum balances on the inner continental shelf at Martha's Vineyard Coastal Observatory. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jc005578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Castelao R, Glenn S, Schofield O. Temperature, salinity, and density variability in the central Middle Atlantic Bight. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jc006082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renato Castelao
- Department of Marine Sciences University of Georgia Athens Georgia USA
| | - Scott Glenn
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers State University of New Jersey New Brunswick New Jersey USA
| | - Oscar Schofield
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers State University of New Jersey New Brunswick New Jersey USA
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Gan J, Cheung A, Guo X, Li L. Intensified upwelling over a widened shelf in the northeastern South China Sea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jc004660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Chant RJ, Glenn SM, Hunter E, Kohut J, Chen RF, Houghton RW, Bosch J, Schofield O. Bulge Formation of a Buoyant River Outflow. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jc004100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Newberger PA, Allen JS. Forcing a three-dimensional, hydrostatic, primitive-equation model for application in the surf zone: 2. Application to DUCK94. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jc003474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Gutierrez BT, Voulgaris G, Work PA. Cross-shore variation of wind-driven flows on the inner shelf in Long Bay, South Carolina, United States. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jc003121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Shanks AL, Eckert GL. POPULATION PERSISTENCE OF CALIFORNIA CURRENT FISHES AND BENTHIC CRUSTACEANS: A MARINE DRIFT PARADOX. ECOL MONOGR 2005. [DOI: 10.1890/05-0309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Kirincich AR. Wind-driven inner-shelf circulation off central Oregon during summer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jc002611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Chant RJ. Flow reversals during upwelling conditions on the New Jersey inner shelf. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jc001941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Walgreen M. Effect of grain size sorting on the formation of shoreface-connected sand ridges. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jc001435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Weisberg RH, Li Z, Muller-Karger F. West Florida shelf response to local wind forcing: April 1998. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jc000529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Sanders TM, Garvine RW. Fresh water delivery to the continental shelf and subsequent mixing: An observational study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jc000802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ruessink BG, Miles JR, Feddersen F, Guza RT, Elgar S. Modeling the alongshore current on barred beaches. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jc000766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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D'Sa EJ, Lohrenz SE, Churchill JH, Asper VL, Largier JL, Williams AJ. Chloropigment distribution and transport on the inner shelf off Duck, North Carolina. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jc000103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Raubenheimer B, Guza RT, Elgar S. Field observations of wave-driven setdown and setup. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jc000572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Feddersen F, Guza RT, Elgar S, Herbers THC. Velocity moments in alongshore bottom stress parameterizations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jc900022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Austin JA. The role of the alongshore wind stress in the heat budget of the North Carolina inner shelf. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1998jc900122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Rennie SE, Largier JL, Lentz SJ. Observations of a pulsed buoyancy current downstream of Chesapeake Bay. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jc900153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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