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Unexpected variations in the triple oxygen isotope composition of stratospheric carbon dioxide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:17680-5. [PMID: 23940331 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1213082110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We report observations of stratospheric CO2 that reveal surprisingly large anomalous enrichments in (17)O that vary systematically with latitude, altitude, and season. The triple isotope slopes reached 1.95 ± 0.05(1σ) in the middle stratosphere and 2.22 ± 0.07 in the Arctic vortex versus 1.71 ± 0.03 from previous observations and a remarkable factor of 4 larger than the mass-dependent value of 0.52. Kinetics modeling of laboratory measurements of photochemical ozone-CO2 isotope exchange demonstrates that non-mass-dependent isotope effects in ozone formation alone quantitatively account for the (17)O anomaly in CO2 in the laboratory, resolving long-standing discrepancies between models and laboratory measurements. Model sensitivities to hypothetical mass-dependent isotope effects in reactions involving O3, O((1)D), or CO2 and to an empirically derived temperature dependence of the anomalous kinetic isotope effects in ozone formation then provide a conceptual framework for understanding the differences in the isotopic composition and the triple isotope slopes between the laboratory and the stratosphere and between different regions of the stratosphere. This understanding in turn provides a firmer foundation for the diverse biogeochemical and paleoclimate applications of (17)O anomalies in tropospheric CO2, O2, mineral sulfates, and fossil bones and teeth, which all derive from stratospheric CO2.
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Khosrawi F, Müller R, Proffitt MH, Urban J, Murtagh D, Ruhnke R, Grooß JU, Nakajima H. Seasonal cycle of averages of nitrous oxide and ozone in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere polar, midlatitude, and tropical regions derived from ILAS/ILAS-II and Odin/SMR observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tyler SC, Rice AL, Ajie HO. Stable isotope ratios in atmospheric CH4: Implications for seasonal sources and sinks. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Schoeberl MR, Kawa SR, Douglass AR, McGee TJ, Browell EV, Waters J, Livesey N, Read W, Froidevaux L, Santee ML, Pumphrey HC, Lait LR, Twigg L. Chemical observations of a polar vortex intrusion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lemmen C, Müller R, Konopka P, Dameris M. Critique of the tracer-tracer correlation technique and its potential to analyze polar ozone loss in chemistry-climate models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Mengistu Tsidu G. NOyfrom Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding on Environmental Satellite during the Southern Hemisphere polar vortex split in September/October 2002. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Park S. Measurements of N2O isotopologues in the stratosphere: Influence of transport on the apparent enrichment factors and the isotopologue fluxes to the troposphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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McCarthy MC. The hydrogen isotopic composition of water vapor entering the stratosphere inferred from high-precision measurements of δD-CH4and δD-H2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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McCarthy MC. Carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions of stratospheric methane: 2. Two-dimensional model results and implications for kinetic isotope effects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Rice AL. Carbon and hydrogen isotopic compositions of stratospheric methane: 1. High-precision observations from the NASA ER-2 aircraft. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Morgenstern O, Lee AM, Pyle JA. Cumulative mixing inferred from stratospheric tracer relationships. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Morgenstern
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, Chemistry Department; Cambridge University; Cambridge UK
| | - Adrian M. Lee
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, Chemistry Department; Cambridge University; Cambridge UK
| | - John A. Pyle
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, Chemistry Department; Cambridge University; Cambridge UK
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Kleinböhl A, Bremer H, von König M, Küllmann H, Künzi KF, Goede APH, Browell EV, Grant WB, Toon GC, Blumenstock T, Galle B, Sinnhuber BM, Davies S. Vortexwide denitrification of the Arctic polar stratosphere in winter 1999/2000 determined by remote observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Armin Kleinböhl
- Institute of Environmental Physics; University of Bremen; Bremen Germany
| | - Holger Bremer
- Institute of Environmental Physics; University of Bremen; Bremen Germany
| | - Miriam von König
- Institute of Environmental Physics; University of Bremen; Bremen Germany
| | - Harry Küllmann
- Institute of Environmental Physics; University of Bremen; Bremen Germany
| | - Klaus F. Künzi
- Space Research Organization of the Netherlands; Utrecht Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Thomas Blumenstock
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe; University of Karlsruhe; Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Bo Galle
- Swedish Environmental Research Institute; Gothenburg Sweden
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Santee ML, Tabazadeh A, Manney GL, Fromm MD, Bevilacqua RM, Waters JW, Jensen EJ. A Lagrangian approach to studying Arctic polar stratospheric clouds using UARS MLS HNO3and POAM II aerosol extinction measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd000227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. L. Santee
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - A. Tabazadeh
- NASA Ames Research Center; Moffett Field California USA
| | - G. L. Manney
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
- Department of Natural Resources Management; New Mexico Highlands University; Las Vegas New Mexico USA
| | - M. D. Fromm
- Computational Physics, Inc.; Fairfax Virginia USA
| | | | - J. W. Waters
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - E. J. Jensen
- NASA Ames Research Center; Moffett Field California USA
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Rosenfield JE, Douglass AR, Considine DB. The impact of increasing carbon dioxide on ozone recovery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David B. Considine
- Department of Meteorology; University of Maryland; College Park Maryland USA
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Wetzel G. NOypartitioning and budget and its correlation with N2O in the Arctic vortex and in summer midlatitudes in 1997. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Koike M. Redistribution of reactive nitrogen in the Arctic lower stratosphere in the 1999/2000 winter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Salawitch RJ. Chemical loss of ozone during the Arctic winter of 1999/2000: An analysis based on balloon-borne observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Esler JG. A method for estimating the extent of denitrification of arctic polar vortex air from tracer-tracer scatter plots. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tabazadeh A, Santee ML, Danilin MY, Pumphrey HC, Newman PA, Hamill PJ, Mergenthaler JL. Quantifying denitrification and its effect on ozone recovery. Science 2000; 288:1407-11. [PMID: 10827948 DOI: 10.1126/science.288.5470.1407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite observations indicate that extensive denitrification without significant dehydration currently occurs only in the Antarctic during mid to late June. The fact that denitrification occurs in a relatively warm month in the Antarctic raises concern about the likelihood of its occurrence and associated effects on ozone recovery in a colder and possibly more humid future Arctic lower stratosphere. Polar stratospheric cloud lifetimes required for Arctic denitrification to occur in the future are presented and contrasted against the current Antarctic cloud lifetimes. Model calculations show that widespread severe denitrification could enhance future Arctic ozone loss by up to 30%.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tabazadeh
- NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA. NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, MS 183-701, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA. Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc., 840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139-3794, USA. Departme
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Plumb RA, Waugh DW, Chipperfield MP. The effects of mixing on tracer relationships in the polar vortices. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd901023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Strahan SE. Climatologies of lower stratospheric NOyand O3and correlations with N2O based on in situ observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Toon GC, Blavier JF, Sen B, Margitan JJ, Webster CR, May RD, Fahey D, Gao R, Del Negro L, Proffitt M, Elkins J, Romashkin PA, Hurst DF, Oltmans S, Atlas E, Schauffler S, Flocke F, Bui TP, Stimpfle RM, Bonne GP, Voss PB, Cohen RC. Comparison of MkIV balloon and ER-2 aircraft measurements of atmospheric trace gases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Toon GC, Blavier JF, Sen B, Salawitch RJ, Osterman GB, Notholt J, Rex M, McElroy CT, Russell JM. Ground-based observations of Arctic O3loss during spring and summer 1997. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Michelsen HA, Webster CR, Manney GL, Scott DC, Margitan JJ, May RD, Irion FW, Gunson MR, Russell JM, Spivakovsky CM. Maintenance of high HCl/Clyand NOx/NOy, in the Antarctic vortex: A chemical signature of confinement during spring. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Newman PA, Fahey DW, Brune WH, Kurylo MJ, Kawa SR. Preface [to special section on Photochemistry of Ozone Loss in the Arctic Region in Summer (POLARIS)]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Sen B, Osterman GB, Salawitch RJ, Toon GC, Margitan JJ, Blavier JF, Chang AY, May RD, Webster CR, Stimpfle RM, Bonne GP, Voss PB, Perkins KK, Anderson JG, Cohen RC, Elkins JW, Dutton GS, Hurst DF, Romashkin PA, Atlas EL, Schauffler SM, Loewenstein M. The budget and partitioning of stratospheric chlorine during the 1997 Arctic summer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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