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Charlesworth E, Plöger F, Birner T, Baikhadzhaev R, Abalos M, Abraham NL, Akiyoshi H, Bekki S, Dennison F, Jöckel P, Keeble J, Kinnison D, Morgenstern O, Plummer D, Rozanov E, Strode S, Zeng G, Egorova T, Riese M. Stratospheric water vapor affecting atmospheric circulation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3925. [PMID: 37400442 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39559-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Water vapor plays an important role in many aspects of the climate system, by affecting radiation, cloud formation, atmospheric chemistry and dynamics. Even the low stratospheric water vapor content provides an important climate feedback, but current climate models show a substantial moist bias in the lowermost stratosphere. Here we report crucial sensitivity of the atmospheric circulation in the stratosphere and troposphere to the abundance of water vapor in the lowermost stratosphere. We show from a mechanistic climate model experiment and inter-model variability that lowermost stratospheric water vapor decreases local temperatures, and thereby causes an upward and poleward shift of subtropical jets, a strengthening of the stratospheric circulation, a poleward shift of the tropospheric eddy-driven jet and regional climate impacts. The mechanistic model experiment in combination with atmospheric observations further shows that the prevailing moist bias in current models is likely caused by the transport scheme, and can be alleviated by employing a less diffusive Lagrangian scheme. The related effects on atmospheric circulation are of similar magnitude as climate change effects. Hence, lowermost stratospheric water vapor exerts a first order effect on atmospheric circulation and improving its representation in models offers promising prospects for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Charlesworth
- Institute for Energy and Climate Research: Stratosphere (IEK-7), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
| | - Felix Plöger
- Institute for Energy and Climate Research: Stratosphere (IEK-7), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Research, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Thomas Birner
- Meteorological Institute Munich, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rasul Baikhadzhaev
- Institute for Energy and Climate Research: Stratosphere (IEK-7), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Marta Abalos
- Earth Physics and Astrophysics Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nathan Luke Abraham
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Slimane Bekki
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (LMD/IPSL), Palaiseau, France
| | - Fraser Dennison
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Environment, Aspendale, VIC, 3195, Australia
| | - Patrick Jöckel
- Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
| | - James Keeble
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Doug Kinnison
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, 80301, USA
| | - Olaf Morgenstern
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - David Plummer
- Climate Research Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Montreal, Canada
| | - Eugene Rozanov
- Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium, Davos World Radiation Center, Davos Dorf, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Strode
- Goddard Earth Sciences Technology and Research (GESTAR-II), Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, 21251, USA
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, USA
| | - Guang Zeng
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Tatiana Egorova
- Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium, Davos World Radiation Center, Davos Dorf, Switzerland
| | - Martin Riese
- Institute for Energy and Climate Research: Stratosphere (IEK-7), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
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Runge E, Langille J, Schentag C, Bourassa A, Letros D, Loewen P, Lloyd N, Degenstein D, Grandmont F. A balloon-borne imaging Fourier transform spectrometer for atmospheric trace gas profiling. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:094502. [PMID: 34598537 DOI: 10.1063/5.0060125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) region is a highly variable region of the atmosphere and critical for understanding climate. Yet, it remains undersampled in the observational satellite record. Due to recent advances in interferometer and infrared detection technologies, imaging Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) technology has been identified as a feasible remote sensing approach to obtain the required precision and spatial resolution of atmospheric trace gas composition in the UTLS. Building on the success of instruments such as the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding and gimbaled limb observer for radiance imaging of the atmosphere, the limb imaging Fourier transform spectrometer experiment (LIFE) instrument, of which this paper details the design and performance, is a balloon-borne infrared imaging FTS developed as an early prototype of a low earth orbit satellite instrument. LIFE is constructed primarily with commercially available off-the-shelf components, with a design emphasis on greatly reducing the complexity of the instrument, particularly the cooling requirements, with a minimal reduction in information gain on the target atmospheric greenhouse gases of water vapor, methane, ozone, and nitrous oxide. The developed instrument was characterized through a series of thermal and vacuum tests and validated through a successful demonstration balloon flight during the 2019 Strato-Science campaign in Canada. In the calibration of the data from the balloon flight, an issue was identified regarding a lack of knowledge in the emissivity of the on-board blackbody calibration sources. These systematic effects were minimized through the application of an emissivity ratio determined from the characterization tests where a wider range of known blackbody temperatures were available. Despite this identified calibration issue, the results demonstrate that the instrument is capable of meeting primary performance requirements for trace gas retrievals of the target atmospheric species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Runge
- Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Jeff Langille
- Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Connor Schentag
- Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Adam Bourassa
- Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Daniel Letros
- Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Paul Loewen
- Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Nick Lloyd
- Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Doug Degenstein
- Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
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3
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Simulations of Ozone Feedback Effects on the Equatorial Quasi-Biennial Oscillation with a Chemistry–Climate Model. CLIMATE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cli9080123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Ozone feedback effects on the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) were investigated with a chemistry–climate model (CCM) by modifying ozone abundance in the radiative process. Under a standard run for 50 years, the CCM could realistically reproduce the QBO of about a 28-month period for wind and ozone. Five experiment runs were made for 20 years through varying ozone abundance only in the equatorial stratosphere from 100 to 10 hPa by −40, −20, −10, +10, and +20%, respectively, after the chemistry module and transferring the resultant ozone to the radiation calculation. It was found that the modification of ozone abundance in the radiation substantially changed the period of the QBO but slightly influenced the amplitude of the QBO. The 10% and 20% increase runs led to longer QBO periods (31 and 34 months) than that of the standard run, i.e., lengthening by 3 and 6 months, while the 10%, 20%, and 40% decrease runs resulted in shorter periods (24, 22, and 17 months), i.e., shortening by 4, 6, and 11 months. These substantial changes in the QBO period in the experiment runs indicate that the ozone feedback significantly affects the QBO dynamics through the modulation in solar heating.
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4
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Yin H, Sun Y, Liu C, Lu X, Smale D, Blumenstock T, Nagahama T, Wang W, Tian Y, Hu Q, Shan C, Zhang H, Liu J. Ground-based FTIR observation of hydrogen chloride (HCl) over Hefei, China, and comparisons with GEOS-Chem model data and other ground-based FTIR stations data. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:8041-8055. [PMID: 32225437 DOI: 10.1364/oe.384377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the characterization of Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) seasonal variations and inter-annual linear trend are presented for the first time over the polluted region at Hefei (117°10'E, 31°54'N), China. The time series of HCl were retrieved by the mid-infrared (MIR) solar spectra recorded by the ground-based high-resolution Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) between July, 2015 and April, 2019. The magnitude of HCl reaches a peak in January (2.70 ± 0.16) × 1015 molecules*cm-2 and a minimum in September (2.27 ± 0.09) × 1015 molecules*cm-2. The four-year time series of HCl total column show a negative linear trend of (-1.83 ± 0.13) %. The FTIR data are compared with GEOS-Chem data in order to evaluate the performance of the GEOS-Chem model to simulate HCl. In general, total column FTIR data and GEOS-Chem model data are in a good agreement with a correlation coefficient of 0.82. GEOS-Chem model data present a good agreement with FTIR data in seasonal variation and inter-annul trend. The maximum differences occur in January and April with mean differences of 4%-6%. We also present HCl time series observed by 6 NDACC stations (Bremen, Toronto, Rikubetsu, Izana, Reunion.maido, Lauder) in low-middle-latitude sites of the northern and southern hemispheres and Hefei stations in order to investigate the seasonal and annual trends of HCl in low-middle-latitude sites. The HCl total column at the northern hemisphere stations reached the maximum in the late winter or early spring and the minimum in the early winter or late autumn. In general, the seasonal variations of HCl over Hefei is similar to that in other northern hemisphere mid-latitude FTIR stations.
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Homogeneity of the Temperature Data Series from ERA5 and MERRA2 and Temperature Trends. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11030235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The stratosphere and its dynamics are a very important part of atmospheric circulation. We need to analyze its climatology, as well as long-term trends. A long-term trend study needs homogenous datasets without significant artificial discontinuities. The analysis is based on the two newest released reanalyses, Modern Era-Retrospective Analysis (MERRA2) and European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecast Reanalysis (ERA5). The aim of this study is to detect discontinuities in the temperature time series from the above reanalyses with the help of the Pettitt homogeneity test for pressure layers above 500 hPa up to 1 hPa in January and February, and show a comparison of temperature trends from the studied reanalyses and GPS radio occultation (GPS RO). We search for individual grid points where these discontinuities occur, and also for the years when they occur (geographical and temporal distribution). As expected, the study confirms better results for the Northern Hemisphere due to the denser data coverage. A high number of grid points with jumps on the Southern Hemisphere is found, especially at higher pressure levels (from 50 hPa). The spatial and vertical distribution of discontinuities is also presented. The vertical distribution reveals the reduction of the number of jumps around 10 hPa, especially for ERA5 reanalysis. The results show that ERA5 has significantly less jumps than MERRA2. We also study temperature trends from reanalyses and GPS RO and our analysis shows that the agreement between the reanalyses and observations are very good for the period 2006–2018.
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Newman PA. The Way Forward for Montreal Protocol Science. COLLECTION COMPTES RENDUS. GEOSCIENCE 2018; 350:442-447. [PMID: 32908467 PMCID: PMC7477812 DOI: 10.1016/j.crte.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Montreal Protocol has controlled the production and consumption of ozone depleting substances (ODSs) since its signing in 1987. The levels of most of these ODSs are now declining in the atmosphere, and there are now initial signs that ozone levels are increasing in the stratosphere. Scientific challenges remain for the Montreal Protocol. The science community projected large ozone losses if ODSs continued to increase, and that ozone levels would increase if ODSs were controlled and their levels declined. Scientists remain accountable for these projections, while they continue to refine their scientific basis. The science community remains vigilant for emerging threats to the ozone layer and seeks scientific evidence that demonstrates compliance with Montreal Protocol. As ODSs decrease, the largest impact on stratospheric ozone by the end of the 21st century will be increases in greenhouse gases. The associated climate forcings, and the human responses to these forcings, represent major uncertainties for the future of the stratospheric ozone layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Newman
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Code 610, Earth Sciences Division, Goddard Space Flight Center, 20771 Greenbelt, MD, USA
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Nielsen JE, Pawson S, Molod A, Auer B, da Silva AM, Douglass AR, Duncan B, Liang Q, Manyin M, Oman LD, Putman W, Strahan SE, Wargan K. Chemical Mechanisms and Their Applications in the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) Earth System Model. JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS 2017; 9:3019-3044. [PMID: 29497478 PMCID: PMC5815385 DOI: 10.1002/2017ms001011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
NASA's Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) Earth System Model (ESM) is a modular, general circulation model (GCM), and data assimilation system (DAS) that is used to simulate and study the coupled dynamics, physics, chemistry, and biology of our planet. GEOS is developed by the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. It generates near-real-time analyzed data products, reanalyses, and weather and seasonal forecasts to support research targeted to understanding interactions among Earth System processes. For chemistry, our efforts are focused on ozone and its influence on the state of the atmosphere and oceans, and on trace gas data assimilation and global forecasting at mesoscale discretization. Several chemistry and aerosol modules are coupled to the GCM, which enables GEOS to address topics pertinent to NASA's Earth Science Mission. This paper describes the atmospheric chemistry components of GEOS and provides an overview of its Earth System Modeling Framework (ESMF)-based software infrastructure, which promotes a rich spectrum of feedbacks that influence circulation and climate, and impact human and ecosystem health. We detail how GEOS allows model users to select chemical mechanisms and emission scenarios at run time, establish the extent to which the aerosol and chemical components communicate, and decide whether either or both influence the radiative transfer calculations. A variety of resolutions facilitates research on spatial and temporal scales relevant to problems ranging from hourly changes in air quality to trace gas trends in a changing climate. Samples of recent GEOS chemistry applications are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Eric Nielsen
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc.LanhamMDUSA
- Global Modeling and Assimilation OfficeNASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
| | - Steven Pawson
- Global Modeling and Assimilation OfficeNASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
| | - Andrea Molod
- Global Modeling and Assimilation OfficeNASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
| | - Benjamin Auer
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc.LanhamMDUSA
- Global Modeling and Assimilation OfficeNASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
| | - Arlindo M. da Silva
- Global Modeling and Assimilation OfficeNASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
| | - Anne R. Douglass
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics LaboratoryNASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
| | - Bryan Duncan
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics LaboratoryNASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
| | - Qing Liang
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics LaboratoryNASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
- Goddard Earth Science and Technology Center, Universities Space Research AssociationColumbiaMDUSA
| | - Michael Manyin
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc.LanhamMDUSA
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics LaboratoryNASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
| | - Luke D. Oman
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics LaboratoryNASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
| | - William Putman
- Global Modeling and Assimilation OfficeNASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
| | - Susan E. Strahan
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics LaboratoryNASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
- Goddard Earth Science and Technology Center, Universities Space Research AssociationColumbiaMDUSA
| | - Krzysztof Wargan
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc.LanhamMDUSA
- Global Modeling and Assimilation OfficeNASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
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8
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Impact of Stratospheric Volcanic Aerosols on Age-of-Air and Transport of Long-Lived Species. ATMOSPHERE 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos7110149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Oman LD, Douglass AR, Salawitch RJ, Canty TP, Ziemke JR, Manyin M. The Effect of Representing Bromine from VSLS on the Simulation and Evolution of Antarctic Ozone. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 2016; 43:9869-9876. [PMID: 29551840 PMCID: PMC5854488 DOI: 10.1002/2016gl070471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We use the Goddard Earth Observing System Chemistry-Climate Model (GEOSCCM), a contributor to both the 2010 and 2014 WMO Ozone Assessment Reports, to show that inclusion of 5 parts per trillion (ppt) of stratospheric bromine (Bry) from very short-lived substances (VSLS) is responsible for about a decade delay in ozone hole recovery. These results partially explain the significantly later recovery of Antarctic ozone noted in the 2014 report, as bromine from VSLS was not included in the 2010 Assessment. We show multiple lines of evidence that simulations that account for VSLS Bry are in better agreement with both total column BrO and the seasonal evolution of Antarctic ozone reported by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on NASA's Aura satellite. In addition, the near zero ozone levels observed in the deep Antarctic lower stratospheric polar vortex are only reproduced in a simulation that includes this Bry source from VSLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke D. Oman
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jerald R. Ziemke
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Manyin
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD, USA
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Aquila V, Swartz WH, Waugh DW, Colarco PR, Pawson S, Polvani LM, Stolarski RS. Isolating the roles of different forcing agents in global stratospheric temperature changes using model integrations with incrementally added single forcings. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2016; 121:8067-8082. [PMID: 29593948 PMCID: PMC5868970 DOI: 10.1002/2015jd023841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Satellite instruments show a cooling of global stratospheric temperatures over the whole data record (1979-2014). This cooling is not linear, and includes two descending steps in the early 1980s and mid-1990s. The 1979-1995 period is characterized by increasing concentrations of ozone depleting substances (ODS) and by the two major volcanic eruptions of El Chichón (1982) and Mount Pinatubo (1991). The 1995-present period is characterized by decreasing ODS concentrations and by the absence of major volcanic eruptions. Greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations increase over the whole time period. In order to isolate the roles of different forcing agents in the global stratospheric temperature changes, we performed a set of AMIP-style simulations using the NASA Goddard Earth Observing System Chemistry-Climate Model (GEOSCCM). We find that in our model simulations the cooling of the stratosphere from 1979 to present is mostly driven by changes in GHG concentrations in the middle and upper stratosphere and by GHG and ODS changes in the lower stratosphere. While the cooling trend caused by increasing GHGs is roughly constant over the satellite era, changing ODS concentrations cause a significant stratospheric cooling only up to the mid-1990s, when they start to decrease because of the implementation of the Montreal Protocol. Sporadic volcanic events and the solar cycle have a distinct signature in the time series of stratospheric temperature anomalies but do not play a statistically significant role in the long-term trends from 1979 to 2014. Several factors combine to produce the step-like behavior in the stratospheric temperatures: in the lower stratosphere, the flattening starting in the mid 1990's is due to the decrease in ozone depleting substances; Mount Pinatubo and the solar cycle cause the abrupt steps through the aerosol-associated warming and the volcanically induced ozone depletion. In the middle and upper stratosphere, changes in solar irradiance are largely responsible for the step-like behavior of global temperatures anomalies, together with volcanically induced ozone depletion and water vapor increases in the post-Pinatubo years.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Aquila
- Goddard Earth Science Technology & Research (GESTAR), Columbia, MD
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Baltimore, MD
- Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics (Code 614), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD
| | - W H Swartz
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD
| | - D W Waugh
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Baltimore, MD
| | - P R Colarco
- Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics (Code 614), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD
| | - S Pawson
- Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD
| | | | - R S Stolarski
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Baltimore, MD
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11
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Stratospheric Aerosols from Major Volcanic Eruptions: A Composition-Climate Model Study of the Aerosol Cloud Dispersal and e-folding Time. ATMOSPHERE 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos7060075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Li F, Vikhliaev YV, Newman PA, Pawson S, Perlwitz J, Waugh DW, Douglass AR. Impacts of Interactive Stratospheric Chemistry on Antarctic and Southern Ocean Climate Change in the Goddard Earth Observing System - Version 5 (GEOS-5). JOURNAL OF CLIMATE 2016; 29:3199-3218. [PMID: 32742076 PMCID: PMC7394345 DOI: 10.1175/jcli-d-15-0572.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Stratospheric ozone depletion plays a major role in driving climate change in the Southern Hemisphere. To date, many climate models prescribe the stratospheric ozone layer's evolution using monthly and zonally averaged ozone fields. However, the prescribed ozone underestimates Antarctic ozone depletion and lacks zonal asymmetries. In this study we investigate the impact of using interactive stratospheric chemistry instead of prescribed ozone on climate change simulations of the Antarctic and Southern Ocean. Two sets of 1960-2010 ensemble transient simulations are conducted with the coupled ocean version of the Goddard Earth Observing System Model version 5: one with interactive stratospheric chemistry and the other with prescribed ozone derived from the same interactive simulations. The model's climatology is evaluated using observations and reanalysis. Comparison of the 1979-2010 climate trends between these two simulations reveals that interactive chemistry has important effects on climate change not only in the Antarctic stratosphere, troposphere and surface, but also in the Southern Ocean and Antarctic sea ice. Interactive chemistry causes stronger Antarctic lower stratosphere cooling and circumpolar westerly acceleration during November-December-January. It enhances stratosphere-troposphere coupling and leads to significantly larger tropospheric and surface westerly changes. The significantly stronger surface wind-stress trends cause larger increases of the Southern Ocean Meridional Overturning Circulation, leading to year-round stronger ocean warming near the surface and enhanced Antarctic sea ice decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Goddard Earth Sciences Technology and Research, Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, Maryland, USA
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - Yury V. Vikhliaev
- Goddard Earth Sciences Technology and Research, Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, Maryland, USA
- Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul A. Newman
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - Steven Pawson
- Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - Judith Perlwitz
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, and Physical Sciences Division, NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Darryn W. Waugh
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Anne R. Douglass
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
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13
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Dessler AE, Ye H, Wang T, Schoeberl MR, Oman LD, Douglass AR, Butler AH, Rosenlof KH, Davis SM, Portmann RW. Transport of ice into the stratosphere and the humidification of the stratosphere over the 21 st century. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 2016; 43:2323-2329. [PMID: 29551841 PMCID: PMC5854491 DOI: 10.1002/2016gl067991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Climate models predict that tropical lower-stratospheric humidity will increase as the climate warms. We examine this trend in two state-of-the-art chemistry-climate models. Under high greenhouse gas emissions scenarios, the stratospheric entry value of water vapor increases by ~1 part per million by volume (ppmv) over this century in both models. We show with trajectory runs driven by model meteorological fields that the warming tropical tropopause layer (TTL) explains 50-80% of this increase. The remainder is a consequence of trends in evaporation of ice convectively lofted into the TTL and lower stratosphere. Our results further show that, within the models we examined, ice lofting is primarily important on long time scales - on interannual time scales, TTL temperature variations explain most of the variations in lower stratospheric humidity. Assessing the ability of models to realistically represent ice-lofting processes should be a high priority in the modeling community.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Dessler
- Dept. of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - H Ye
- Dept. of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - T Wang
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory / Caltech, Pasadena, CA
| | | | - L D Oman
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD
| | | | - A H Butler
- NOAA Earth System Research Lab, Boulder, CO
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO
| | | | - S M Davis
- NOAA Earth System Research Lab, Boulder, CO
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO
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14
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Impact of Coupled NOx/Aerosol Aircraft Emissions on Ozone Photochemistry and Radiative Forcing. ATMOSPHERE 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos6060751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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A Modelling Study of the Impact of On-Road Diesel Emissions on Arctic Black Carbon and Solar Radiation Transfer. ATMOSPHERE 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos6030318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Shang L, Tian W, Dhomse S, Chipperfield MP, Liu Y, Wang W. Direct and indirect effects of solar variations on stratospheric ozone and temperature. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-013-5822-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Adachi Y, Yukimoto S, Deushi M, Obata A, Nakano H, Tanaka TY, Hosaka M, Sakami T, Yoshimura H, Hirabara M, Shindo E, Tsujino H, Mizuta R, Yabu S, Koshiro T, Ose T, Kitoh A. Basic performance of a new earth system model of the Meteorological Research Institute (MRI-ESM1). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.2467/mripapers.64.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Holzer M, Orbe C, Primeau FW. Stratospheric mean residence time and mean age on the tropopause: Connections and implications for observational constraints. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2012jd017547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Stolarski RS, Douglass AR, Remsberg EE, Livesey NJ, Gille JC. Ozone temperature correlations in the upper stratosphere as a measure of chlorine content. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2012jd017456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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A Novel Satellite Mission Concept for Upper Air Water Vapour, Aerosol and Cloud Observations Using Integrated Path Differential Absorption LiDAR Limb Sounding. REMOTE SENSING 2012. [DOI: 10.3390/rs4040867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Smith AK, Garcia RR, Marsh DR, Richter JH. WACCM simulations of the mean circulation and trace species transport in the winter mesosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hardiman SC, Butchart N, Charlton-Perez AJ, Shaw TA, Akiyoshi H, Baumgaertner A, Bekki S, Braesicke P, Chipperfield M, Dameris M, Garcia RR, Michou M, Pawson S, Rozanov E, Shibata K. Improved predictability of the troposphere using stratospheric final warmings. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd015914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Strahan SE, Douglass AR, Stolarski RS, Akiyoshi H, Bekki S, Braesicke P, Butchart N, Chipperfield MP, Cugnet D, Dhomse S, Frith SM, Gettelman A, Hardiman SC, Kinnison DE, Lamarque JF, Mancini E, Marchand M, Michou M, Morgenstern O, Nakamura T, Olivié D, Pawson S, Pitari G, Plummer DA, Pyle JA, Scinocca JF, Shepherd TG, Shibata K, Smale D, Teyssèdre H, Tian W, Yamashita Y. Using transport diagnostics to understand chemistry climate model ozone simulations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd015360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Watanabe S, Sudo K, Nagashima T, Takemura T, Kawase H, Nozawa T. Future projections of surface UV-B in a changing climate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd015749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Okamoto K, Sato K, Akiyoshi H. A study on the formation and trend of the Brewer-Dobson circulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Eleftheratos K, Zerefos CS, Gerasopoulos E, Isaksen ISA, Rognerud B, Dalsøren S, Varotsos C. A note on the comparison between total ozone from Oslo CTM2 and SBUV satellite data. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING 2011; 32:2535-2545. [DOI: 10.1080/01431161003698401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Eleftheratos
- a Faculty of Geology and Geoenvironment, University of Athens , Athens, Greece
- b Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens , Athens, Greece
| | - C. S. Zerefos
- a Faculty of Geology and Geoenvironment, University of Athens , Athens, Greece
- b Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens , Athens, Greece
- c National Observatory of Athens , Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - B. Rognerud
- d Department of Geosciences , University of Oslo , Oslo, Norway
| | - S. Dalsøren
- d Department of Geosciences , University of Oslo , Oslo, Norway
| | - C. Varotsos
- e Faculty of Physics, University of Athens , Athens, Greece
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Deushi M, Shibata K. Impacts of increases in greenhouse gases and ozone recovery on lower stratospheric circulation and the age of air: Chemistry-climate model simulations up to 2100. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd015024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Butchart N, Charlton-Perez AJ, Cionni I, Hardiman SC, Haynes PH, Krüger K, Kushner PJ, Newman PA, Osprey SM, Perlwitz J, Sigmond M, Wang L, Akiyoshi H, Austin J, Bekki S, Baumgaertner A, Braesicke P, Brühl C, Chipperfield M, Dameris M, Dhomse S, Eyring V, Garcia R, Garny H, Jöckel P, Lamarque JF, Marchand M, Michou M, Morgenstern O, Nakamura T, Pawson S, Plummer D, Pyle J, Rozanov E, Scinocca J, Shepherd TG, Shibata K, Smale D, Teyssèdre H, Tian W, Waugh D, Yamashita Y. Multimodel climate and variability of the stratosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Deushi M, Shibata K. Development of a Meteorological Research Institute Chemistry-Climate Model version 2 for the Study of Tropospheric and Stratospheric Chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.2467/mripapers.62.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Newman PA, McKenzie R. UV impacts avoided by the Montreal Protocol. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2011; 10:1152-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c0pp00387e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Oman LD, Plummer DA, Waugh DW, Austin J, Scinocca JF, Douglass AR, Salawitch RJ, Canty T, Akiyoshi H, Bekki S, Braesicke P, Butchart N, Chipperfield MP, Cugnet D, Dhomse S, Eyring V, Frith S, Hardiman SC, Kinnison DE, Lamarque JF, Mancini E, Marchand M, Michou M, Morgenstern O, Nakamura T, Nielsen JE, Olivié D, Pitari G, Pyle J, Rozanov E, Shepherd TG, Shibata K, Stolarski RS, Teyssèdre H, Tian W, Yamashita Y, Ziemke JR. Multimodel assessment of the factors driving stratospheric ozone evolution over the 21st century. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. D. Oman
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - D. A. Plummer
- Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis; Victoria, British Columbia Canada
| | - D. W. Waugh
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - J. Austin
- NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory; Princeton New Jersey USA
| | - J. F. Scinocca
- Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis; Victoria, British Columbia Canada
| | - A. R. Douglass
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | - R. J. Salawitch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Maryland; College Park Maryland USA
| | - T. Canty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Maryland; College Park Maryland USA
| | - H. Akiyoshi
- National Institute for Environmental Studies; Tsukuba Japan
| | | | - P. Braesicke
- NCAS-Climate-Chemistry, Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
| | | | | | | | - S. Dhomse
- School of Earth and Environment; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
| | - V. Eyring
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt; Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre; Oberpfaffenhofen Germany
| | - S. Frith
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc.; Lanham Maryland USA
| | | | | | | | - E. Mancini
- Dipartimento di Fisica; University of L'Aquila; L'Aquila Italy
| | | | - M. Michou
- GAME/CNRM, Météo-France, CNRS; Toulouse France
| | - O. Morgenstern
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research; Lauder New Zealand
| | - T. Nakamura
- National Institute for Environmental Studies; Tsukuba Japan
| | - J. E. Nielsen
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc.; Lanham Maryland USA
| | - D. Olivié
- GAME/CNRM, Météo-France, CNRS; Toulouse France
| | - G. Pitari
- Dipartimento di Fisica; University of L'Aquila; L'Aquila Italy
| | - J. Pyle
- NCAS-Climate-Chemistry, Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
| | - E. Rozanov
- Physical-Meteorological Observatory Davos, World Radiation Center; Davos Switzerland
- IAC, ETHZ; Zurich Switzerland
| | - T. G. Shepherd
- Department of Physics; University of Toronto; Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - K. Shibata
- Meteorological Research Institute; Japan Meteorological Agency; Tsukuba Japan
| | - R. S. Stolarski
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore Maryland USA
| | | | - W. Tian
- School of Earth and Environment; University of Leeds; Leeds UK
| | - Y. Yamashita
- National Institute for Environmental Studies; Tsukuba Japan
| | - J. R. Ziemke
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
- Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center; University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Catonsville Maryland USA
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Lee D, Pitari G, Grewe V, Gierens K, Penner J, Petzold A, Prather M, Schumann U, Bais A, Berntsen T, Iachetti D, Lim L, Sausen R. Transport impacts on atmosphere and climate: Aviation. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT (OXFORD, ENGLAND : 1994) 2010; 44:4678-4734. [PMID: 32288556 PMCID: PMC7110594 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2008] [Revised: 05/30/2009] [Accepted: 06/02/2009] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Aviation alters the composition of the atmosphere globally and can thus drive climate change and ozone depletion. The last major international assessment of these impacts was made by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 1999. Here, a comprehensive updated assessment of aviation is provided. Scientific advances since the 1999 assessment have reduced key uncertainties, sharpening the quantitative evaluation, yet the basic conclusions remain the same. The climate impact of aviation is driven by long-term impacts from CO2 emissions and shorter-term impacts from non-CO2 emissions and effects, which include the emissions of water vapour, particles and nitrogen oxides (NO x ). The present-day radiative forcing from aviation (2005) is estimated to be 55 mW m-2 (excluding cirrus cloud enhancement), which represents some 3.5% (range 1.3-10%, 90% likelihood range) of current anthropogenic forcing, or 78 mW m-2 including cirrus cloud enhancement, representing 4.9% of current forcing (range 2-14%, 90% likelihood range). According to two SRES-compatible scenarios, future forcings may increase by factors of 3-4 over 2000 levels, in 2050. The effects of aviation emissions of CO2 on global mean surface temperature last for many hundreds of years (in common with other sources), whilst its non-CO2 effects on temperature last for decades. Much progress has been made in the last ten years on characterizing emissions, although major uncertainties remain over the nature of particles. Emissions of NO x result in production of ozone, a climate warming gas, and the reduction of ambient methane (a cooling effect) although the overall balance is warming, based upon current understanding. These NO x emissions from current subsonic aviation do not appear to deplete stratospheric ozone. Despite the progress made on modelling aviation's impacts on tropospheric chemistry, there remains a significant spread in model results. The knowledge of aviation's impacts on cloudiness has also improved: a limited number of studies have demonstrated an increase in cirrus cloud attributable to aviation although the magnitude varies: however, these trend analyses may be impacted by satellite artefacts. The effect of aviation particles on clouds (with and without contrails) may give rise to either a positive forcing or a negative forcing: the modelling and the underlying processes are highly uncertain, although the overall effect of contrails and enhanced cloudiness is considered to be a positive forcing and could be substantial, compared with other effects. The debate over quantification of aviation impacts has also progressed towards studying potential mitigation and the technological and atmospheric tradeoffs. Current studies are still relatively immature and more work is required to determine optimal technological development paths, which is an aspect that atmospheric science has much to contribute. In terms of alternative fuels, liquid hydrogen represents a possibility and may reduce some of aviation's impacts on climate if the fuel is produced in a carbon-neutral way: such fuel is unlikely to be utilized until a 'hydrogen economy' develops. The introduction of biofuels as a means of reducing CO2 impacts represents a future possibility. However, even over and above land-use concerns and greenhouse gas budget issues, aviation fuels require strict adherence to safety standards and thus require extra processing compared with biofuels destined for other sectors, where the uptake of such fuel may be more beneficial in the first instance.
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Affiliation(s)
- D.S. Lee
- Dalton Research Institute, Department of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +44 161 247 3663.
| | - G. Pitari
- Dipartimento di Fisica, University of L'Aquila, Vio Vetoio Località Coppito, 67100 l'Aquila, Italy
| | - V. Grewe
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, D-82234 Wessling, Germany
| | - K. Gierens
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, D-82234 Wessling, Germany
| | - J.E. Penner
- Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, 2455 Hayward St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2143, USA
| | - A. Petzold
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, D-82234 Wessling, Germany
| | - M.J. Prather
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, 3329 Croull Hall, CA 92697-3100, USA
| | - U. Schumann
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, D-82234 Wessling, Germany
| | - A. Bais
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - T. Berntsen
- Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1022 Blindern, 0315, Oslo, Norway
| | - D. Iachetti
- Dipartimento di Fisica, University of L'Aquila, Vio Vetoio Località Coppito, 67100 l'Aquila, Italy
| | - L.L. Lim
- Dalton Research Institute, Department of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - R. Sausen
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, D-82234 Wessling, Germany
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Scinocca JF, Stephenson DB, Bailey TC, Austin J. Estimates of past and future ozone trends from multimodel simulations using a flexible smoothing spline methodology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Karpechko AY, Gillett NP, Gray LJ, Dall'Amico M. Influence of ozone recovery and greenhouse gas increases on Southern Hemisphere circulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ray EA, Moore FL, Rosenlof KH, Davis SM, Boenisch H, Morgenstern O, Smale D, Rozanov E, Hegglin M, Pitari G, Mancini E, Braesicke P, Butchart N, Hardiman S, Li F, Shibata K, Plummer DA. Evidence for changes in stratospheric transport and mixing over the past three decades based on multiple data sets and tropical leaky pipe analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Austin J, Struthers H, Scinocca J, Plummer DA, Akiyoshi H, Baumgaertner AJG, Bekki S, Bodeker GE, Braesicke P, Brühl C, Butchart N, Chipperfield MP, Cugnet D, Dameris M, Dhomse S, Frith S, Garny H, Gettelman A, Hardiman SC, Jöckel P, Kinnison D, Kubin A, Lamarque JF, Langematz U, Mancini E, Marchand M, Michou M, Morgenstern O, Nakamura T, Nielsen JE, Pitari G, Pyle J, Rozanov E, Shepherd TG, Shibata K, Smale D, Teyssèdre H, Yamashita Y. Chemistry-climate model simulations of spring Antarctic ozone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Austin J, Scinocca J, Plummer D, Oman L, Waugh D, Akiyoshi H, Bekki S, Braesicke P, Butchart N, Chipperfield M, Cugnet D, Dameris M, Dhomse S, Eyring V, Frith S, Garcia RR, Garny H, Gettelman A, Hardiman SC, Kinnison D, Lamarque JF, Mancini E, Marchand M, Michou M, Morgenstern O, Nakamura T, Pawson S, Pitari G, Pyle J, Rozanov E, Shepherd TG, Shibata K, Teyssèdre H, Wilson RJ, Yamashita Y. Decline and recovery of total column ozone using a multimodel time series analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd013857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hegglin MI, Gettelman A, Hoor P, Krichevsky R, Manney GL, Pan LL, Son SW, Stiller G, Tilmes S, Walker KA, Eyring V, Shepherd TG, Waugh D, Akiyoshi H, Añel JA, Austin J, Baumgaertner A, Bekki S, Braesicke P, Brühl C, Butchart N, Chipperfield M, Dameris M, Dhomse S, Frith S, Garny H, Hardiman SC, Jöckel P, Kinnison DE, Lamarque JF, Mancini E, Michou M, Morgenstern O, Nakamura T, Olivié D, Pawson S, Pitari G, Plummer DA, Pyle JA, Rozanov E, Scinocca JF, Shibata K, Smale D, Teyssèdre H, Tian W, Yamashita Y. Multimodel assessment of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere: Extratropics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd013884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gettelman A, Hegglin MI, Son SW, Kim J, Fujiwara M, Birner T, Kremser S, Rex M, Añel JA, Akiyoshi H, Austin J, Bekki S, Braesike P, Brühl C, Butchart N, Chipperfield M, Dameris M, Dhomse S, Garny H, Hardiman SC, Jöckel P, Kinnison DE, Lamarque JF, Mancini E, Marchand M, Michou M, Morgenstern O, Pawson S, Pitari G, Plummer D, Pyle JA, Rozanov E, Scinocca J, Shepherd TG, Shibata K, Smale D, Teyssèdre H, Tian W. Multimodel assessment of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere: Tropics and global trends. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Toohey M, Strong K, Bernath PF, Boone CD, Walker KA, Jonsson AI, Shepherd TG. Validating the reported random errors of ACE-FTS measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Akiyoshi H, Yamashita Y, Sakamoto K, Zhou LB, Imamura T. Recovery of stratospheric ozone in calculations by the Center for Climate System Research/National Institute for Environmental Studies chemistry-climate model under the CCMVal-REF2 scenario and a no-climate-change run. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Austin J, Wilson RJ. Sensitivity of polar ozone to sea surface temperatures and halogen amounts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Morgenstern O, Giorgetta MA, Shibata K, Eyring V, Waugh DW, Shepherd TG, Akiyoshi H, Austin J, Baumgaertner AJG, Bekki S, Braesicke P, Brühl C, Chipperfield MP, Cugnet D, Dameris M, Dhomse S, Frith SM, Garny H, Gettelman A, Hardiman SC, Hegglin MI, Jöckel P, Kinnison DE, Lamarque JF, Mancini E, Manzini E, Marchand M, Michou M, Nakamura T, Nielsen JE, Olivié D, Pitari G, Plummer DA, Rozanov E, Scinocca JF, Smale D, Teyssèdre H, Toohey M, Tian W, Yamashita Y. Review of the formulation of present-generation stratospheric chemistry-climate models and associated external forcings. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hitchman MH, Rogal MJ. Influence of tropical convection on the Southern Hemisphere ozone maximum during the winter to spring transition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Schmidt H, Brasseur GP, Giorgetta MA. Solar cycle signal in a general circulation and chemistry model with internally generated quasi-biennial oscillation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Oman LD, Waugh DW, Kawa SR, Stolarski RS, Douglass AR, Newman PA. Mechanisms and feedback causing changes in upper stratospheric ozone in the 21st century. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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