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Spagnesi A, Barbaro E, Feltracco M, De Blasi F, Zannoni D, Dreossi G, Petteni A, Notø H, Lodi R, Gabrieli J, Holzinger R, Gambaro A, Barbante C. An upgraded CFA - FLC - MS/MS system for the semi-continuous detection of levoglucosan in ice cores. Talanta 2023; 265:124799. [PMID: 37327665 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A new Continuous Flow Analysis (CFA) system coupled with Fast Liquid Chromatography - tandem Mass Spectrometry (FLC-MS/MS) has been recently developed for determining organic markers in ice cores. In this work we present an upgrade of this innovative technique, optimized for the detection of levoglucosan in ice cores, a crucial tracer for reconstructing past fires. The upgrade involved a specific optimization of the chromatographic and mass spectrometric parameters, allowing for a higher sampling resolution (down to 1 cm) and the simultaneous collection of discrete samples, for off-line analysis of water stable isotopes and additional chemical markers. The robustness and repeatability of the method has been tested by the analysis of multiple sticks of ice cut from the same shallow alpine ice core, and running the system for several hours on different days. The results show similar and comparable trends between the ice sticks. With this upgraded system, a higher sensitivity and a lower limit of detection (LOD) was achieved compared to discrete analysis of alpine samples for levoglucosan measurements. The new LOD was as low as 66 ng L-1, a net improvement over the previous LOD of 600 ng L-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azzurra Spagnesi
- CNR-Institute of Polar Sciences (ISP-CNR), 155 Via Torino, 30170, Mestre, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
| | - Elena Barbaro
- CNR-Institute of Polar Sciences (ISP-CNR), 155 Via Torino, 30170, Mestre, Italy.
| | - Matteo Feltracco
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
| | - Fabrizio De Blasi
- CNR-Institute of Polar Sciences (ISP-CNR), 155 Via Torino, 30170, Mestre, Italy
| | - Daniele Zannoni
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
| | - Giuliano Dreossi
- CNR-Institute of Polar Sciences (ISP-CNR), 155 Via Torino, 30170, Mestre, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
| | - Agnese Petteni
- CNR-Institute of Polar Sciences (ISP-CNR), 155 Via Torino, 30170, Mestre, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
| | - Hanne Notø
- Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, IMAU, Department of Physics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rachele Lodi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
| | - Jacopo Gabrieli
- CNR-Institute of Polar Sciences (ISP-CNR), 155 Via Torino, 30170, Mestre, Italy
| | - Rupert Holzinger
- Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, IMAU, Department of Physics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- CNR-Institute of Polar Sciences (ISP-CNR), 155 Via Torino, 30170, Mestre, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
| | - Carlo Barbante
- CNR-Institute of Polar Sciences (ISP-CNR), 155 Via Torino, 30170, Mestre, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
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Wang M, Xu B, Wang H, Zhang R, Yang Y, Gao S, Tang X, Wang N. Black carbon deposited in Hariqin Glacier of the Central Tibetan Plateau record changes in the emission from Eurasia. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 273:115778. [PMID: 33460874 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Black carbon (BC), by the combustion of fossil fuels and biomass, has profound effects on climate change and glacier retreat in industrial eras. In the present study, we report refractory BC (rBC) in an ice core spanning 1850-2014, retrieved from the Hariqin Glacier of the Tanggula Mountains in the central Tibetan Plateau, measured using a single particle soot photometer (SP2). The rBC concentration shows a three-fold increase since the 1950s. The mean rBC concentration was 0.71 ± 0.52 ng mL-1 during 1850s-1940s and 2.11 ± 1.60 ng mL-1 during 1950s-2010s. The substantial increase in rBC since the 1950s is consistent with rBC ice core records from the Tibetan Plateau and Eastern Europe. According to the predominant atmospheric circulation patterns over the glacier and timing of changes in regional emissions, the post-1950 amplification of rBC concentration in the central Tibetan Plateau most likely reflects increases in emissions in Eastern Europe, former USSR, the Middle East, and South Asia. Despite the low-level background rBC concentrations in the ice cores from the Tibetan Plateau, the present study highlights a remarkable increase in anthropogenic BC emissions in recent decades and the consequent influence on glaciers in the Tibetan Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Wang
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Baiqing Xu
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Hailong Wang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Rudong Zhang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Shaopeng Gao
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiangxiang Tang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ninglian Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; College of Urban and Environmental Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710172, China
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Reconstructing Elemental Carbon Long-Term Trend in the Po Valley (Italy) from Fog Water Samples. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11060580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Elemental carbon (EC), a ubiquitous component of fine atmospheric aerosol derived from incomplete combustion, is an important player for both climate change and air quality deterioration. Several policy measures have been implemented over the last decades to reduce EC emissions from anthropogenic sources, but still, long-term EC measurements to verify the efficacy of such measurements are limited. In this study, we analyze the concentration of EC suspended in fog water samples, collected over the period 1997–2016 in a rural background site of the southern Po Valley. The comparison between EC in fog water and EC atmospheric aerosol concentration measured since 2012 allowed us to reconstruct EC atmospheric concentration from fog water chemical composition dating back to 1997. The results agree with the EC atmospheric observations performed at the European Monitoring and Evaluation Program (EMEP) station of Ispra in the northern part of the Po Valley since 2002, and confirm that the Po Valley is a pollution hotspot, not only in urban areas, but also in rural locations. The reconstructed trend over the period 1997–2016 indicates that EC concentration during the winter season has decreased on average by 4% per year, in agreement with the emission reduction rate, confirming the effectiveness of air quality measures implemented during the past 20 years.
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Bianco A, Deguillaume L, Vaïtilingom M, Nicol E, Baray JL, Chaumerliac N, Bridoux M. Molecular Characterization of Cloud Water Samples Collected at the Puy de Dôme (France) by Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:10275-10285. [PMID: 30052429 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b01964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cloud droplets contain dynamic and complex pools of highly heterogeneous organic matter, resulting from the dissolution of both water-soluble organic carbon in atmospheric aerosol particles and gas-phase soluble species, and are constantly impacted by chemical, photochemical, and biological transformations. Cloud samples from two summer events, characterized by different air masses and physicochemical properties, were collected at the Puy de Dôme station in France, concentrated on a strata-X solid-phase extraction cartridge and directly infused using electrospray ionization in the negative mode coupled with ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry. A significantly higher number (n = 5258) of monoisotopic molecular formulas, assigned to CHO, CHNO, CHSO, and CHNSO, were identified in the cloud sample whose air mass had passed over the highly urbanized Paris region (J1) compared to the cloud sample whose air mass had passed over remote areas (n = 2896; J2). Van Krevelen diagrams revealed that lignins/CRAM-like, aliphatics/proteins-like, and lipids-like compounds were the most abundant classes in both samples. Comparison of our results with previously published data sets on atmospheric aqueous media indicated that the average O/C ratios reported in this work (0.37) are similar to those reported for fog water and for biogenic aerosols but are lower than the values measured for aerosols sampled in the atmosphere and for aerosols produced artificially in environmental chambers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Bianco
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP) , Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA) , 63000 Clermont-Ferrand , France
- CEA, DAM, DIF , F-91297 Arpajon , France
| | - Laurent Deguillaume
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP) , Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA) , 63000 Clermont-Ferrand , France
| | - Mickaël Vaïtilingom
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP) , Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA) , 63000 Clermont-Ferrand , France
| | - Edith Nicol
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire (LCM), CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique , Université Paris-Saclay , 91128 Palaiseau , France
| | - Jean-Luc Baray
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP) , Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA) , 63000 Clermont-Ferrand , France
| | - Nadine Chaumerliac
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP) , Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA) , 63000 Clermont-Ferrand , France
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You C, Xu C. Review of levoglucosan in glacier snow and ice studies: Recent progress and future perspectives. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 616-617:1533-1539. [PMID: 29055575 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Levoglucosan (LEV) in glacier snow and ice layers provides a fingerprint of fire activity, ranging from modern air pollution to ancient fire emissions. In this study, we review recent progress in our understanding and application of LEV in glaciers, including analytical methods, transport and post-depositional processes, and historical records. We firstly summarize progress in analytical methods for determination of LEV in glacier snow and ice. Then, we discuss the processes influencing the records of LEV in snow and ice layers. Finally, we make some recommendations for future work, such as assessing the stability of LEV and obtaining continuous records, to increase reliability of the reconstructed ancient fire activity. This review provides an update for researchers working with LEV and will facilitate the further use of LEV as a biomarker in paleo-fire studies based on ice core records.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao You
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
| | - Chao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
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Li Q, Wang N, Barbante C, Kang S, Yao P, Wan X, Barbaro E, Del Carmen Villoslada Hidalgo M, Gambaro A, Li C, Niu H, Dong Z, Wu X. Levels and spatial distributions of levoglucosan and dissolved organic carbon in snowpits over the Tibetan Plateau glaciers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 612:1340-1347. [PMID: 28898940 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we collected 60 snowpit samples in nine glaciers from the northern to the southern Tibetan Plateau (TP), to study the levels and spatial distributions of levoglucosan and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The lowest concentration of levoglucosan was found in the Yuzhufeng (YZF) glacier with a mean value of 0.24±0.08ngmL-1, while the highest concentration of levoglucosan was detected in the Gurenhekou (GRHK) glacier with a mean value of 11.72±15.61ngmL-1. However, the average DOC concentration in TP glaciers were comparable, without significant regional differences. The levoglucosan/DOC ratio ranged from 0.02 to 6.03% in the Tibetan Plateau glaciers. This ratios and the correlations between levoglucosan and DOC suggested that biomass burning products contributed only marginally to DOC levels in the TP glaciers. Moreover, the analysis of air mass backward trajectories suggested that levoglucosan and DOC in TP glaciers should be transported from the northwestern TP, internal TP, Central Asia, South and East Asia regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanlian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, CAS, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Ninglian Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Xi'an, 710127, China; Institute of Earth Surface System and Hazards, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China; College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Carlo Barbante
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca'Foscari, University of Venice, Venice, Mestre 30172, Italy; Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes-CNR, Venice, Italy
| | - Shichang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, CAS, Lanzhou 730000, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Ping Yao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xin Wan
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Elena Barbaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca'Foscari, University of Venice, Venice, Mestre 30172, Italy; Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes-CNR, Venice, Italy
| | - Maria Del Carmen Villoslada Hidalgo
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca'Foscari, University of Venice, Venice, Mestre 30172, Italy; Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes-CNR, Venice, Italy
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca'Foscari, University of Venice, Venice, Mestre 30172, Italy; Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes-CNR, Venice, Italy
| | - Chaoliu Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hewen Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, CAS, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhiwen Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, CAS, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaobo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, CAS, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Li C, Yan F, Kang S, Chen P, Hu Z, Han X, Zhang G, Gao S, Qu B, Sillanpää M. Deposition and light absorption characteristics of precipitation dissolved organic carbon (DOC) at three remote stations in the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 605-606:1039-1046. [PMID: 28709369 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations, depositions and optical properties of precipitation DOC at three remote stations (Nam Co, Lulang and Everest) were investigated in the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau (HTP). The results showed that their volume-weighted mean DOC concentrations were 1.05±1.01mgCL-1, 0.83±0.85mgCL-1 and 0.86±0.91mgCL-1, respectively, close to those of other remote areas in the world and lower than those of typical polluted urban cities. Combined with precipitation amounts, the DOC depositions at these three stations were calculated to be 0.34±0.32gCm-2yr-1, 0.84±0.86gCm-2yr-1 and 0.16±0.17gCm-2yr-1, respectively. The annual DOC deposition in the HTP was approximately 0.94±0.87TgC, the highest and lowest values appeared in the southeastern and northwestern plateau, respectively. The sources of DOC in the precipitation at these three stations were remarkably different, indicating large spatial heterogeneity in the sources of precipitation DOC over the HTP. Nam Co presented combustion sources from South Asia and local residents, Lulang showed biomass combustion source from South Asia, and Everest was mainly influenced by local mineral dust. The values of the MACDOC at 365nm were 0.48±0.47m2g-1, 0.25±0.15m2g-1, and 0.64±0.49m2g-1, respectively, for the precipitation at the three stations. All of these values were significantly lower than those of corresponding near-surface aerosol samples because precipitation DOC contains more secondary organic aerosol with low light absorption abilities. Additionally, this phenomenon was also observed in seriously polluted urban areas, implying it is universal in the atmosphere. Because precipitation DOC contains information for both particle-bound and gaseous components from the near surface up to the altitude of clouds where precipitation occurs, the MACDOC of precipitation is more representative than that of near-surface aerosols for a given region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoliu Li
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Sammonkatu 12, Mikkeli 50130, Finland; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Fangping Yan
- Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Sammonkatu 12, Mikkeli 50130, Finland
| | - Shichang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pengfei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhaofu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaowen Han
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guoshuai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shaopeng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Bin Qu
- Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Sammonkatu 12, Mikkeli 50130, Finland
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Sammonkatu 12, Mikkeli 50130, Finland; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA
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Calace N, Nardi E, Pietroletti M, Bartolucci E, Pietrantonio M, Cremisini C. Antarctic snow: metals bound to high molecular weight dissolved organic matter. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 175:307-314. [PMID: 28235739 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we studied some heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, As, U) probably associated to high molecular weight organic compounds present in the Antarctic snow. Snow-pit samples were collected and analysed for high molecular weight fraction and heavy metals bound to them by means of ultrafiltration treatment. High molecular weight dissolved organic matter (HMW-DOM) recovered by ultrafiltration showed a dissolved organic carbon concentration (HMW-DOC) of about 18-83% of the total dissolved organic carbon measured in Antarctic snow. The characterisation of HMW-DOM fraction evidenced an ageing of organic compounds going from surface layers to the deepest ones with a shift from aliphatic compounds and proteins/amino sugars to more high unsaturated character and less nitrogen content. The heavy metals associated to HMW-DOM fraction follows the order: Zn > Cu > Pb >> Cd ∼ As ∼ U. The percentage fraction of metals bound to HMW-DOM respect to total metal content follows the order: Cu >> Pb > Zn, Cd in agreement with humic substance binding ability (Irwing-William series). Going down to depth of trench, all metals except arsenic, showed a high concentration peak corresponding to 2.0-2.5 m layer. This result was attributed to particular structural characteristic of organic matter able to form different type of complexes (1:1, 1:2, 1:n) with metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Calace
- The Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Via Vitaliano Brancati, 48, 00144, Rome, Italy.
| | - Elisa Nardi
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, C.R. Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Pietroletti
- The Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Via Vitaliano Brancati, 48, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenia Bartolucci
- The Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Via Vitaliano Brancati, 48, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliana Pietrantonio
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, C.R. Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Cremisini
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, C.R. Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Rome, Italy
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You C, Xu C, Xu B, Zhao H, Song L. Levoglucosan evidence for biomass burning records over Tibetan glaciers. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 216:173-181. [PMID: 27262131 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.05.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Intense biomass burning (BB) events are widespread in tropical and subtropical Asia. However, the impact of BB aerosols on the Tibetan Plateau (TP), especially on Tibetan glaciers, is poorly understood. In this study, BB signals are revealed using the specific molecular tracer levoglucosan in snow and ice samples from different Tibetan glaciers. Tibetan glaciers mainly act as receptors of BB emissions from surrounding regions. Significant differences in levoglucosan concentrations in glacier samples collected from two slopes on the same mountain range indicate that high mountains can act as natural barriers to block the transport of smoke aerosols to the TP. Levoglucosan concentrations show a decreasing trend from west to east on glaciers impacted by the Indian summer monsoon on the southern edge of the TP, while the opposite pattern was observed on glaciers under the prevailing westerlies along the northern edge. The emission sources, the controlling climate system, as well as deposition and degradation during transport determined the spatial distribution regimes of levoglucosan concentration on Tibetan glaciers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao You
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Science, 100101, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, 100049, Beijing, China.
| | - Chao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Science, 100101, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Baiqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Science, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Huabiao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Science, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Song
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Zangrando R, Barbaro E, Vecchiato M, Kehrwald NM, Barbante C, Gambaro A. Levoglucosan and phenols in Antarctic marine, coastal and plateau aerosols. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 544:606-616. [PMID: 26674690 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Due to its isolated location, Antarctica is a natural laboratory for studying atmospheric aerosols and pollution in remote areas. Here, we determined levoglucosan and phenolic compounds (PCs) at diverse Antarctic sites: on the plateau, a coastal station and during an oceanographic cruise. Levoglucosan and PCs reached the Antarctic plateau where they were observed in accumulation mode aerosols (with median levoglucosan concentrations of 6.4 pg m(-3) and 4.1 pg m(-3), and median PC concentrations of 15.0 pg m(-3) and 7.3 pg m(-3)). Aged aerosols arrived at the coastal site through katabatic circulation with the majority of the levoglucosan mass distributed on larger particulates (24.8 pg m(-3)), while PCs were present in fine particles (34.0 pg m(-3)). The low levoglucosan/PC ratios in Antarctic aerosols suggest that biomass burning aerosols only had regional, rather than local, sources. General acid/aldehyde ratios were lower at the coastal site than on the plateau. Levoglucosan and PCs determined during the oceanographic cruise were 37.6 pg m(-3) and 58.5 pg m(-3) respectively. Unlike levoglucosan, which can only be produced by biomass burning, PCs have both biomass burning and other sources. Our comparisons of these two types of compounds across a range of Antarctic marine, coastal, and plateau sites demonstrate that local marine sources dominate Antarctic PC concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Zangrando
- Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes CNR, Via Torino 155, 30170 Venezia, Mestre, Italy.
| | - Elena Barbaro
- Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes CNR, Via Torino 155, 30170 Venezia, Mestre, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University of Venice, Ca' Foscari, Calle, Via Torino 155, 30170 Venezia, Mestre, Italy
| | - Marco Vecchiato
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University of Venice, Ca' Foscari, Calle, Via Torino 155, 30170 Venezia, Mestre, Italy
| | - Natalie M Kehrwald
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University of Venice, Ca' Foscari, Calle, Via Torino 155, 30170 Venezia, Mestre, Italy
| | - Carlo Barbante
- Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes CNR, Via Torino 155, 30170 Venezia, Mestre, Italy
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes CNR, Via Torino 155, 30170 Venezia, Mestre, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University of Venice, Ca' Foscari, Calle, Via Torino 155, 30170 Venezia, Mestre, Italy
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11
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Han YM, Wei C, Huang RJ, Bandowe BAM, Ho SSH, Cao JJ, Jin ZD, Xu BQ, Gao SP, Tie XX, An ZS, Wilcke W. Reconstruction of atmospheric soot history in inland regions from lake sediments over the past 150 years. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19151. [PMID: 26750586 PMCID: PMC4707497 DOI: 10.1038/srep19151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Historical reconstruction of atmospheric black carbon (BC, in the form of char and soot) is still constrained for inland areas. Here we determined and compared the past 150-yr records of BC and polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) in sediments from two representative lakes, Huguangyan (HGY) and Chaohu (CH), in eastern China. HGY only receives atmospheric deposition while CH is influenced by riverine input. BC, char, and soot have similar vertical concentration profiles as PACs in both lakes. Abrupt increases in concentrations and mass accumulation rates (MARs) of soot have mainly occurred since ~1950, the establishment of the People’s Republic of China, when energy usage changed to more fossil fuel contributions reflected by the variations in the concentration ratios of char/soot and individual PACs. In HGY, soot MARs increased by ~7.7 times in the period 1980–2012 relative to the period 1850–1950. Similar increases (~6.7 times) were observed in CH. The increase in soot MARs is also in line with the emission inventory records in the literature and the fact that the submicrometer-sized soot particles can be dispersed regionally. The study provides an alternative method to reconstruct the atmospheric soot history in populated inland areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Han
- KLACP and SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China.,Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.,Joint Center for Global Change Studies, Beijing 100875, China
| | - C Wei
- KLACP and SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China.,SCDRC, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - R-J Huang
- KLACP and SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China.,Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - B A M Bandowe
- Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Hallerstrasse 12, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.,Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Falkenplatz 16, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - S S H Ho
- KLACP and SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China.,Desert Research Institute, 2215 Raggio Parkway, Reno, NV 89512, USA
| | - J J Cao
- KLACP and SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Z D Jin
- KLACP and SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - B Q Xu
- KLTECLSP, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - S P Gao
- KLTECLSP, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - X X Tie
- KLACP and SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Z S An
- KLACP and SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China.,Joint Center for Global Change Studies, Beijing 100875, China
| | - W Wilcke
- Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Reinhard-Baumeister-Platz 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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12
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Zampieri M, Scoccimarro E, Gualdi S, Navarra A. Observed shift towards earlier spring discharge in the main Alpine rivers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 503-504:222-232. [PMID: 25005239 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we analyse the observed long-term discharge time-series of the Rhine, the Danube, the Rhone and the Po rivers. These rivers are characterised by different seasonal cycles reflecting the diverse climates and morphologies of the Alpine basins. However, despite the intensive and varied water management adopted in the four basins, we found common features in the trend and low-frequency variability of the spring discharge timings. All the discharge time-series display a tendency towards earlier spring peaks of more than two weeks per century. These results can be explained in terms of snowmelt, total precipitation (i.e. the sum of snowfall and rainfall) and rainfall variability. The relative importance of these factors might be different in each basin. However, we show that the change of seasonality of total precipitation plays a major role in the earlier spring runoff over most of the Alps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Zampieri
- Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici (CMCC), V.le A. Moro 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Enrico Scoccimarro
- Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici (CMCC), V.le A. Moro 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Bologna, Italy.
| | - Silvio Gualdi
- Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici (CMCC), V.le A. Moro 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Bologna, Italy.
| | - Antonio Navarra
- Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici (CMCC), V.le A. Moro 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Bologna, Italy.
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Abstract
Glaciers in the European Alps began to retreat abruptly from their mid-19th century maximum, marking what appeared to be the end of the Little Ice Age. Alpine temperature and precipitation records suggest that glaciers should instead have continued to grow until circa 1910. Radiative forcing by increasing deposition of industrial black carbon to snow may represent the driver of the abrupt glacier retreats in the Alps that began in the mid-19th century. Ice cores indicate that black carbon concentrations increased abruptly in the mid-19th century and largely continued to increase into the 20th century, consistent with known increases in black carbon emissions from the industrialization of Western Europe. Inferred annual surface radiative forcings increased stepwise to 13-17 W⋅m(-2) between 1850 and 1880, and to 9-22 W⋅m(-2) in the early 1900s, with snowmelt season (April/May/June) forcings reaching greater than 35 W⋅m(-2) by the early 1900s. These snowmelt season radiative forcings would have resulted in additional annual snow melting of as much as 0.9 m water equivalent across the melt season. Simulations of glacier mass balances with radiative forcing-equivalent changes in atmospheric temperatures result in conservative estimates of accumulating negative mass balances of magnitude -15 m water equivalent by 1900 and -30 m water equivalent by 1930, magnitudes and timing consistent with the observed retreat. These results suggest a possible physical explanation for the abrupt retreat of glaciers in the Alps in the mid-19th century that is consistent with existing temperature and precipitation records and reconstructions.
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Voisin D, Jaffrezo JL, Houdier S, Barret M, Cozic J, King MD, France JL, Reay HJ, Grannas A, Kos G, Ariya PA, Beine HJ, Domine F. Carbonaceous species and humic like substances (HULIS) in Arctic snowpack during OASIS field campaign in Barrow. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Xu BQ, Wang M, Joswiak DR, Cao JJ, Yao TD, Wu GJ, Yang W, Zhao HB. Deposition of anthropogenic aerosols in a southeastern Tibetan glacier. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd011510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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16
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Legrand M, Puxbaum H. Summary of the CARBOSOL project: Present and retrospective state of organic versus inorganic aerosol over Europe. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd008271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Fagerli H, Legrand M, Preunkert S, Vestreng V, Simpson D, Cerqueira M. Modeling historical long-term trends of sulfate, ammonium, and elemental carbon over Europe: A comparison with ice core records in the Alps. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd008044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Gelencsér A, May B, Simpson D, Sánchez-Ochoa A, Kasper-Giebl A, Puxbaum H, Caseiro A, Pio C, Legrand M. Source apportionment of PM2.5 organic aerosol over Europe: Primary/secondary, natural/anthropogenic, and fossil/biogenic origin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd008094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Preunkert S, Legrand M, Jourdain B, Dombrowski-Etchevers I. Acidic gases (HCOOH, CH3COOH, HNO3, HCl, and SO2) and related aerosol species at a high mountain Alpine site (4360 m elevation) in Europe. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd008225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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