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Liu X, Chen S, Guo Z, Zhou H, Chen Y, Kang Y, Liu Q, Huang G, Liu T, Chen C, He Q. The influence of dusts on radiation and temperature over the eastern Asia with a regional climate model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 792:148351. [PMID: 34147814 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In order to investigate the climate effects of dusts, a regional climate model (RegCM 4.6) with the dust scheme was used to simulate the direct radiative forcing and air temperature response at 2 m near surface of dusts over the eastern Asia. Two sets of experiments were conducted, one with and one without dust aerosols. The experiment covered the main dust occurrence months from March to May for 8 years (2011-2018), and the simulation results were evaluated against ground station, reanalysis and satellite data. The model captured the spatiotemporal distribution of dust AOD and mass loading over the eastern Asia. However, it tended to underestimate the dust AOD and mass loading over the downwind of the dust source region and the Taklimakan Desert, and overestimate them over the north Xinjiang. The direct net radiative forcing including shortwave and longwave was up to -20 W·m-2 at the surface and -10 W·m-2 at the TOA over the dust source region due to the dominant negative shortwave forcing. The only exception of positive forcing at the TOA was observed along the western boundaries of the Tibetan Plateau due to the semi-persistent ice and snow cover. The dusts tended to warm the atmosphere more than 18 W·m-2 and cool the surface locally up to -0.7 °C. Among the 5 sub-areas, the largest averaged regional direct radiative forcing induced by dusts appeared over the central Inner Mongolia in May with the value of -3.0 ± 2.1, -12.2 ± 4.1 and 9.2 ± 4.4 W·m-2 at the TOA, surface and in the atmosphere, respectively. The results indicated that the model simulation for dusts should be further improved and the dust effects should be included in the estimates of climate change over the eastern Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Shuyi Chen
- College of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Zijia Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Haijiang Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Yonghang Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China.
| | - Yanming Kang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China.
| | - Qiong Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Guan Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Tongqiang Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Chunmei Chen
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Qing He
- Institute of Desert Meteorology China Meteorological Administration, Urumqi 830001, PR China
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Tan F, Guo Y, Zhang W, Xu X, Zhang M, Meng F, Liu S, Li S, Morawska L. Large-Scale Spraying of Roads with Water Contributes to, Rather Than Prevents, Air Pollution. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9060122. [PMID: 34071566 PMCID: PMC8229925 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9060122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Spraying roads with water on a large scale in Chinese cities is one of the supplementary precaution or mitigation actions implemented to control severe air pollution events or heavy haze-fog events in which the mechanisms causing them are not yet fully understood. These air pollution events were usually characterized by higher air humidity. Therefore, there may be a link between this action and air pollution. In the present study, the impact of water spraying on the PM2.5 concentration and humidity in air was assessed by measuring chemical composition of the water, undertaking a simulated water spraying experiment, measuring residues and analyzing relevant data. We discovered that spraying large quantities of tap or river water on the roads leads to increased PM2.5 concentration and humidity, and that daily continuous spraying produces a cumulative effect on air pollution. Spraying the same amount of water produces greater increases in humidity and PM2.5 concentration during cool autumn and winter than during hot summer. Our results demonstrate that spraying roads with water increases, rather than decreases, the concentration of PM2.5 and thus is a new source of anthropogenic aerosol and air pollution. The higher vapor content and resultant humidity most likely create unfavorable meteorological conditions for the dispersion of air pollution in autumn and winter with low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengzhu Tan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; (X.X.); (M.Z.); (F.M.); (S.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Yuming Guo
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (Y.G.); (S.L.)
| | - Wei Zhang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China;
| | - Xingyan Xu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; (X.X.); (M.Z.); (F.M.); (S.L.)
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; (X.X.); (M.Z.); (F.M.); (S.L.)
| | - Fan Meng
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; (X.X.); (M.Z.); (F.M.); (S.L.)
| | - Sicen Liu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; (X.X.); (M.Z.); (F.M.); (S.L.)
| | - Shanshan Li
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (Y.G.); (S.L.)
| | - Lidia Morawska
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia;
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Valenzuela A, Chu F, Haddrell AE, Cotterell MI, Walker JS, Orr-Ewing AJ, Reid JP. Optical Interrogation of Single Levitated Droplets in a Linear Quadrupole Trap by Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:394-405. [PMID: 33355458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c09213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Optical trapping is a well-established technique to manipulate and levitate micro- and nanoscale particles and droplets. However, optical traps for single aerosol studies are most often limited to trapping spherical nonabsorbing droplets, and a universal optical trap for the stable confinement of particles regardless of their absorption strength and morphology is not established. Instead, new opportunities arise from levitating droplets using electrodynamic traps. Here, using a combined electrodynamic linear quadrupole trap and a cavity ring-down spectrometer, we demonstrate that it is possible to trap single droplets and simultaneously measure their extinction cross sections and elastic scattering phase functions over extended periods of time. To test the novel setup, we evaluated the evaporation of 1,2,6-hexanetriol under low-humidity conditions, and the evolution of aqueous (NH4)2SO4 and NaCl droplets experiencing changing environmental conditions. Our studies extended beyond spherical droplets and we measured particle extinction cross sections after the efflorescence (crystallization) of the inorganic salt particles. Comparison of measured cross sections for crystallized particles with light scattering model predictions (using Mie theory or the T-matrix/extended boundary-condition method (EBCM) implementations for random orientation, with either the spheroid or superellipsoid parameterizations) enables information on particle shape to be inferred. Specifically, we find that cross sections for dry (NH4)2SO4 particles are accounted for by Mie theory and, thus, particle shape is represented well by a sphere. Conversely, the cross sections for dry NaCl particles are only reconciled with light scattering models pertaining to nonspherical shapes. These results will have implications for accurate remote sensing retrievals of dry salt optical properties and for parameterizations implemented in radiative forcing calculations with changing humidity. Moreover, our new platform for precise and accurate measurement of optical properties of micron-scale and sub-micron particles has potential applications in a range of areas of atmospheric science, such as precise light scattering measurements for ice crystals and mineral dust. It represents a promising step toward accurate characterizations of optical properties for nonspherical and light-absorbing aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Valenzuela
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.,Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research (IISTA-CEAMA), Granada 18006, Spain
| | - Fenghong Chu
- Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Allen E Haddrell
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | | | - Jim S Walker
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | | | - Jonathan P Reid
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
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Li J, Han Z, Yao X, Xie Z, Tan S. The distributions and direct radiative effects of marine aerosols over East Asia in springtime. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:1913-1925. [PMID: 30317178 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The characteristics, distributions, and direct radiative effects (DRE) of marine aerosols in the western Pacific Ocean over East Asia during the period from 17 March to 22 April 2014 were investigated by an online-coupled regional atmospheric chemistry/aerosol-climate model RIEMS-Chem (Regional Integrated Environmental Model System with Chemistry). The emissions and relevant processes of sea salt, marine primary organic aerosol (MPOA), sulfate and Methyl sulfonic acid (MSA) produced from dimethylsulfide (DMS) were parameterized and coupled with RIEMS-Chem. The model results for total aerosol masses (PM10 and PM2.5), inorganic and carbonaceous aerosols, gas precursors, and aerosol optical depth (AOD) were compared with various observational data sets including a research cruise Dongfanghong II from the Yellow Sea to the open oceans, near-surface aerosol and gas concentrations from the Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia (EANET) and China National Environmental Monitoring Center (CNEMC), and AOD from the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET). Model comparisons demonstrated a generally good skill of the RIEMS-Chem in representing the temporal and spatial variations of these variables. The distributions of marine aerosols were characterized by the maximum sea salt concentration up to 70 μg m-3 in the ocean northeast of Japan, the maximum concentration of MPOA >2 μg m-3 in the East China Sea and in portions of the northwest Pacific (NWP) region, and the maximum DMS-produced aerosol concentration >0.3 μg m-3 in the southern parts of the ocean. It was noteworthy that marine aerosols can be easily transported to the inland areas of south China. The clear-sky DREs by sea salt ranging from -9 to -17 W/m2 occurred in the open oceans northeast of Japan, comparable to the DREs of -10 ~ -20 W/m2 by anthropogenic aerosols, whereas the DREs by MPOA were strongest (up to -1.3 Wm-2) in the East China Sea and the oceans northeast of Japan due to active phytoplankton blooms there and comparable in magnitude to the DREs by sea salt (around -3 Wm-2) in the East China Sea. The maximum DRE by the DMS-produced aerosols was -0.4 Wm-2 mainly in the northern parts of the South China Sea. Sea salt exhibited an increasing radiative importance from the China marginal seas to the open oceans, accounting for 10% and 33% of the DREs by all aerosols, respectively. Under all-sky conditions, the sum of DREs by all the marine aerosols were estimated to be -2.2 W/m2, -3.5 W/m2, -2.3 W/m2, and -4.3 W/m2 averaged over the entire domain, ocean, East China Sea, and the NWP region, accounting for 20%, 27%, 13%, and 36% of the DREs by all aerosols, respectively, which demonstrated the important role of marine aerosols in modulating shortwave radiation in springtime in the western Pacific Ocean which was just downwind of the Asian continent with large amounts of anthropogenic and dust emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia (RCE-TEA), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhiwei Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia (RCE-TEA), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xiaohong Yao
- Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Zuxin Xie
- Fujian Meteorological Science Institute, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Saichun Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
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Graham KE, Prussin AJ, Marr LC, Sassoubre LM, Boehm AB. Microbial community structure of sea spray aerosols at three California beaches. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2018; 94:4810542. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiy005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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Nair VS, Solmon F, Giorgi F, Mariotti L, Babu SS, Moorthy KK. Simulation of South Asian aerosols for regional climate studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Liu H, Zhang DL, Wang B. Impact of horizontal resolution on the regional climate simulations of the summer 1998 extreme rainfall along the Yangtze River Basin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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