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Arevalo J, Zeng X, Durcik M, Sibayan M, Pangle L, Abramson N, Bugaj A, Ng WR, Kim M, Barron-Gafford G, van Haren J, Niu GY, Adams J, Ruiz J, Troch PA. Highly sampled measurements in a controlled atmosphere at the Biosphere 2 Landscape Evolution Observatory. Sci Data 2020; 7:306. [PMID: 32934240 PMCID: PMC7493898 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-020-00645-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Land-atmosphere interactions at different temporal and spatial scales are important for our understanding of the Earth system and its modeling. The Landscape Evolution Observatory (LEO) at Biosphere 2, managed by the University of Arizona, hosts three nearly identical artificial bare-soil hillslopes with dimensions of 11 × 30 m2 (1 m depth) in a controlled and highly monitored environment within three large greenhouses. These facilities provide a unique opportunity to explore these interactions. The dataset presented here is a subset of the measurements in each LEO's hillslopes, from 1 July 2015 to 30 June 2019 every 15 minutes, consisting of temperature, water content and heat flux of the soil (at 5 cm depth) for 12 co-located points; temperature, relative humidity and wind speed above ground at 5 locations and 5 different heights ranging from 0.25 m to 9-10 m; 3D wind at 1 location; the four components of radiation at 2 locations; spatially aggregated precipitation rates, total subsurface discharge, and relative water storage; and the measurements from a weather station outside the greenhouses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Arevalo
- Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, 1133 James E. Rogers Way, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
- Departamento de Meteorología, Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Gran Bretaña 644, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Xubin Zeng
- Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, 1133 James E. Rogers Way, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
- Biosphere 2, University of Arizona, 32540 S Biosphere Road, Oracle, AZ, 85623, USA
| | - Matej Durcik
- Biosphere 2, University of Arizona, 32540 S Biosphere Road, Oracle, AZ, 85623, USA
| | - Michael Sibayan
- Department of Astronomy/Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 N Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Luke Pangle
- Department of Geosciences, Georgia State University, 38 Peachtree Center Avenue, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Nate Abramson
- Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, 1040 E Fourth Street, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Aaron Bugaj
- Biosphere 2, University of Arizona, 32540 S Biosphere Road, Oracle, AZ, 85623, USA
| | - Wei-Ren Ng
- Biosphere 2, University of Arizona, 32540 S Biosphere Road, Oracle, AZ, 85623, USA
| | - Minseok Kim
- Biosphere 2, University of Arizona, 32540 S Biosphere Road, Oracle, AZ, 85623, USA
| | - Greg Barron-Gafford
- Biosphere 2, University of Arizona, 32540 S Biosphere Road, Oracle, AZ, 85623, USA
- School of Geography and Development, University of Arizona, 1064 E Lowell Street, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Joost van Haren
- Biosphere 2, University of Arizona, 32540 S Biosphere Road, Oracle, AZ, 85623, USA
- Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, 1177 E. 4th Street, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
- Honors College, 1101 East Mabel Street, Tucson, AZ, 18719, USA
| | - Guo-Yue Niu
- Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, 1133 James E. Rogers Way, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
- Biosphere 2, University of Arizona, 32540 S Biosphere Road, Oracle, AZ, 85623, USA
| | - John Adams
- Biosphere 2, University of Arizona, 32540 S Biosphere Road, Oracle, AZ, 85623, USA
| | - Joaquin Ruiz
- Biosphere 2, University of Arizona, 32540 S Biosphere Road, Oracle, AZ, 85623, USA
- Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, 1040 E Fourth Street, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Peter A Troch
- Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, 1133 James E. Rogers Way, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
- Biosphere 2, University of Arizona, 32540 S Biosphere Road, Oracle, AZ, 85623, USA
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Brantley SL, Megonigal JP, Scatena FN, Balogh-Brunstad Z, Barnes RT, Bruns MA, Van Cappellen P, Dontsova K, Hartnett HE, Hartshorn AS, Heimsath A, Herndon E, Jin L, Keller CK, Leake JR, McDowell WH, Meinzer FC, Mozdzer TJ, Petsch S, Pett-Ridge J, Pregitzer KS, Raymond PA, Riebe CS, Shumaker K, Sutton-Grier A, Walter R, Yoo K. Twelve testable hypotheses on the geobiology of weathering. GEOBIOLOGY 2011; 9:140-165. [PMID: 21231992 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-4669.2010.00264.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Critical Zone (CZ) research investigates the chemical, physical, and biological processes that modulate the Earth's surface. Here, we advance 12 hypotheses that must be tested to improve our understanding of the CZ: (1) Solar-to-chemical conversion of energy by plants regulates flows of carbon, water, and nutrients through plant-microbe soil networks, thereby controlling the location and extent of biological weathering. (2) Biological stoichiometry drives changes in mineral stoichiometry and distribution through weathering. (3) On landscapes experiencing little erosion, biology drives weathering during initial succession, whereas weathering drives biology over the long term. (4) In eroding landscapes, weathering-front advance at depth is coupled to surface denudation via biotic processes. (5) Biology shapes the topography of the Critical Zone. (6) The impact of climate forcing on denudation rates in natural systems can be predicted from models incorporating biogeochemical reaction rates and geomorphological transport laws. (7) Rising global temperatures will increase carbon losses from the Critical Zone. (8) Rising atmospheric P(CO2) will increase rates and extents of mineral weathering in soils. (9) Riverine solute fluxes will respond to changes in climate primarily due to changes in water fluxes and secondarily through changes in biologically mediated weathering. (10) Land use change will impact Critical Zone processes and exports more than climate change. (11) In many severely altered settings, restoration of hydrological processes is possible in decades or less, whereas restoration of biodiversity and biogeochemical processes requires longer timescales. (12) Biogeochemical properties impart thresholds or tipping points beyond which rapid and irreversible losses of ecosystem health, function, and services can occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Brantley
- Earth and Environmental Systems Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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