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Saeedi M, Shamloo A, Mohammadi A. Fluid-Structure Interaction Simulation of Blood Flow and Cerebral Aneurysm: Effect of Partly Blocked Vessel. J Vasc Res 2019; 56:296-307. [PMID: 31671424 DOI: 10.1159/000503786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, using fluid-structure interaction (FSI), 3-dimensional blood flow in an aneurysm in the circle of Willis - which is located in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) - has been simulated. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of a partly blocked vessel on an aneurysm. To achieve this purpose, two cases have been investigated using the FSI method: in the first case, an ideal geometry of aneurysm in the MCA has been simulated; in the second case, modeling is performed for an ideal geometry of the aneurysm in the MCA with a partly blocked vessel. All boundary conditions, properties and modeling methods were considered the same for both cases. The only difference between the two cases was that part of the MCA parent artery was blocked in the second case. In order to consider the hyperelastic property of the wall and the non-Newtonian properties of the blood, the Mooney-Rivlin model and the Carreau model have been used, respectively. In the second case, the Von Mises stress in the peak systole is 26% higher than in the first case. With regard to the high amount of Von Mises stress, the risk of rupture of the aneurysm is higher in this case. In the second case, the maximum wall shear stress (WSS) is 12% higher than in the first case. And maximum displacement in the second case is also higher than in the first. So, the risk of growth of the aneurysm is higher in cases with a partly blocked vessel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Saeedi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Shamloo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran,
| | - Ariz Mohammadi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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Leifer I, Melton C, Tratt DM, Buckland KN, Chang CS, Frash J, Hall JL, Kuze A, Leen B, Clarisse L, Lundquist T, Van Damme M, Vigil S, Whitburn S, Yurganov L. Validation of mobile in situ measurements of dairy husbandry emissions by fusion of airborne/surface remote sensing with seasonal context from the Chino Dairy Complex. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 242:2111-2134. [PMID: 30005944 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mobile in situ concentration and meteorology data were collected for the Chino Dairy Complex in the Los Angeles Basin by AMOG (AutoMObile trace Gas) Surveyor on 25 June 2015 to characterize husbandry emissions in the near and far field in convoy mode with MISTIR (Mobile Infrared Sensor for Tactical Incident Response), a mobile upwards-looking, column remote sensing spectrometer. MISTIR reference flux validated AMOG plume inversions at different information levels including multiple gases, GoogleEarth imagery, and airborne trace gas remote sensing data. Long-term (9-yr.) Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer satellite data provided spatial and trace gas temporal context. For the Chino dairies, MISTIR-AMOG ammonia (NH3) agreement was within 5% (15.7 versus 14.9 Gg yr-1, respectively) using all information. Methane (CH4) emissions were 30 Gg yr-1 for a 45,200 herd size, indicating that Chino emission factors are greater than previously reported. Single dairy inversions were much less successful. AMOG-MISTIR agreement was 57% due to wind heterogeneity from downwind structures in these near-field measurements and emissions unsteadiness. AMOG CH4, NH3, and CO2 emissions were 91, 209, and 8200 Mg yr-1, implying 2480, 1870, and 1720 head using published emission factors. Plumes fingerprinting identified likely sources including manure storage, cowsheds, and a structure with likely natural gas combustion. NH3 downwind of Chino showed a seasonal variation of a factor of ten, three times larger than literature suggests. Chino husbandry practices and trends in herd size and production were reviewed and unlikely to add seasonality. Higher emission seasonality was proposed as legacy soil emissions, the results of a century of husbandry, supported by airborne remote sensing data showing widespread emissions from neighborhoods that were dairies 15 years prior, and AMOG and MISTIR observations. Seasonal variations provide insights into the implications of global climate change and must be considered when comparing surveys from different seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira Leifer
- Bubbleology Research International (BRI), 1642 Elm Ave, Solvang CA 93463, United States.
| | - Christopher Melton
- Bubbleology Research International (BRI), 1642 Elm Ave, Solvang CA 93463, United States
| | - David M Tratt
- The Aerospace Corporation, 2310 E. El Segundo Blvd., El Segundo CA 90245, United States
| | - Kerry N Buckland
- The Aerospace Corporation, 2310 E. El Segundo Blvd., El Segundo CA 90245, United States
| | - Clement S Chang
- The Aerospace Corporation, 2310 E. El Segundo Blvd., El Segundo CA 90245, United States
| | - Jason Frash
- Bubbleology Research International (BRI), 1642 Elm Ave, Solvang CA 93463, United States
| | - Jeffrey L Hall
- The Aerospace Corporation, 2310 E. El Segundo Blvd., El Segundo CA 90245, United States
| | | | - Brian Leen
- ABB, 3055 Orchard Drive, San Jose, CA 95134, United States
| | | | - Tryg Lundquist
- California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, United States
| | | | - Sam Vigil
- California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, United States
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Djuricin S, Xu X, Pataki DE. The radiocarbon composition of tree rings as a tracer of local fossil fuel emissions in the Los Angeles basin: 1980-2008. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd017284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Newman S, Xu X, Affek HP, Stolper E, Epstein S. Changes in mixing ratio and isotopic composition of CO2in urban air from the Los Angeles basin, California, between 1972 and 2003. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd009999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Blond N, Boersma KF, Eskes HJ, van der A RJ, Van Roozendael M, De Smedt I, Bergametti G, Vautard R. Intercomparison of SCIAMACHY nitrogen dioxide observations, in situ measurements and air quality modeling results over Western Europe. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Blond
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques, UMR CNRS 7583; Universités Paris 7 et 12; Créteil France
| | - K. F. Boersma
- Atmospheric Composition Climate Research; Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute; De Bilt Netherlands
| | - H. J. Eskes
- Atmospheric Composition Climate Research; Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute; De Bilt Netherlands
| | - R. J. van der A
- Atmospheric Composition Climate Research; Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute; De Bilt Netherlands
| | | | - I. De Smedt
- Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy; Brussels Belgium
| | - G. Bergametti
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques, UMR CNRS 7583; Universités Paris 7 et 12; Créteil France
| | - R. Vautard
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique; UMR CNRS 8539, École Polytechnique; Palaiseau France
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McKeen S, Chung SH, Wilczak J, Grell G, Djalalova I, Peckham S, Gong W, Bouchet V, Moffet R, Tang Y, Carmichael GR, Mathur R, Yu S. Evaluation of several PM2.5
forecast models using data collected during the ICARTT/NEAQS 2004 field study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. McKeen
- Chemical Sciences Division, Environmental Science Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - S. H. Chung
- Chemical Sciences Division, Environmental Science Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. Wilczak
- Physical Sciences Division, Environmental Science Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - G. Grell
- Global Systems Division, Environmental Science Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - I. Djalalova
- Physical Sciences Division, Environmental Science Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - S. Peckham
- Global Systems Division, Environmental Science Research Laboratory; NOAA; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - W. Gong
- Meteorological Service of Canada; Downsview, Ontario Canada
| | - V. Bouchet
- Meteorological Service of Canada; Dorval, Quebec Canada
| | - R. Moffet
- Meteorological Service of Canada; Dorval, Quebec Canada
| | - Y. Tang
- Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa USA
| | - G. R. Carmichael
- Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa USA
| | - R. Mathur
- Air Resources Laboratory; NOAA; Silver Spring Maryland USA
| | - S. Yu
- Science and Technology Corporation; Hampton Virginia USA
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Yim SHL, Fung JCH, Lau AKH, Kot SC. Developing a high-resolution wind map for a complex terrain with a coupled MM5/CALMET system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Mathur R. Multiscale Air Quality Simulation Platform (MAQSIP): Initial applications and performance for tropospheric ozone and particulate matter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Blond N. Three-dimensional ozone analyses and their use for short-term ozone forecasts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Low JC. Measurements of ambient atmospheric C2H5Cl and other ethyl and methyl halides at coastal California sites and over the Pacific Ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Lu R. Dry deposition of airborne trace metals on the Los Angeles Basin and adjacent coastal waters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Gupta ML, Turco RP, Mechoso CR, Spahr JA. On-line simulations of passive chemical tracers in the University of California, Los Angeles, atmospheric general circulation model: 1. CFC-11 and CFC-12. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Lu R, Lin C, Turco R, Arakawa A. Cumulus transport of chemical tracers: 1. Cloud-resolving model simulations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
▪ Abstract Six methods for attributing ambient pollutants to emission sources are reviewed: emissions analysis, trend analysis, tracer studies, trajectory analysis, receptor modeling, and dispersion modeling. The ranges of applicability, types of information provided, limitations, performance capabilities, and areas of active research of the different methods are compared. For primary, nonreactive pollutants whose effects of concern occur on a global scale, an accounting of emissions rates by source type and location largely characterizes source contributions. For other pollutants or smaller spatial scales, accurate estimates of emissions are needed for identifying the emissions reduction potentials of possible control measures and as inputs to dispersion models. Emission levels are frequently known with factor-of-two accuracy or worse, and improved estimates are needed for dispersion modeling. The analysis of regional or urban-scale trends in emissions and ambient pollutant concentrations can provide qualitative information on source contributions, but quantitative results are limited by the confounding influence of variations in meteorology and uncertainties in the areas over which emissions affect concentrations. Tracer studies are useful for quantifying dispersion characteristics of plumes, qualitatively characterizing transport directions, and providing empirical data for evaluating trajectory and dispersion models. Data are usually temporally limited to a short study period, typically do not provide information on vertical pollutant distributions, and are most applicable to the transport of primary, nonreactive pollutants. Trajectory analyses are routinely used to estimate atmospheric transport directions. Trajectory errors of about 20% of travel distance are considered typical of the better models and data sets. Receptor models use measurements of ambient pollutant concentrations to quantify the contributions of different source types to primary particulate matter or volatile organic compounds, or to characterize source-region contributions to a single pollutant. Accuracy rates of ∼30% are often achieved when quantifying the contributions from different types of emission sources. Dispersion models are well-suited for estimating quantitative source-receptor relationships, as the effects of individual emission sources or source regions can be studied. Lagrangian and Gaussian dispersion models are computationally efficient and can simulate the transport of nonreactive primary or linear secondary species. Eulerian models are computationally intensive but lend themselves to the simulation of nonlinear chemistry. Careful evaluation of modeling accuracy is needed for a model application to fulfill its potential for source attribution. Accuracy can be evaluated through a combination of performance evaluation, sensitivity analysis, diagnostic evaluation, and corroborating analyses.
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Lu R, Turco RP, Jacobson MZ. An integrated air pollution modeling system for urban and regional scales: 2. Simulations for SCAQS 1987. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd03502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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